CN1997820A

CN1997820A - Method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN1997820A
Application number: CNA2005800123689A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·瑟尤费尔特; F·瑟尤勒纳尔; R·里齐特; J·格莱特哈尔; R·泰尔勒; V·德吉欧亚; R·克莱恩; J·瓦格纳; R·施奈德; G·吉利亚斯; P·伊贝纳; S·斯特欧博
Original assignee: AVL List GmbH; Getrag Getriebe und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer GmbH and Co
Current assignee: AVL List GmbH; Magna PT BV and Co KG
Priority date: 2004-04-16
Filing date: 2005-04-14
Publication date: 2007-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2025-04-14
Also published as: ATA6602004A; AT413866B; CN1997820B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12). The internal combustion engine (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, and there is a preferably automatically actuatable clutch (50) in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.

Description

The method of controller motor-car starting period

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is by internal combustion engine drive, and internal-combustion engine starts by at least one motor, and described motor can be used as motor, and preferably, has automatic clutch in the system of the driving between internal-combustion engine and motor.

The invention further relates to a kind of method of controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is by internal combustion engine drive and have an automatic clutch, at first internal-combustion engine by starter motor from static acceleration, from a predetermined critical speed, the engagement process of clutch is started, so that the beginning starting period, and after one period lock in time, start the injection process.

The meaning of term " synchronously " is that motor control unit can be discerned the absolute angle of I. C. engine crankshaft instantaneous position.This has comprised such information, that is, each cylinder alignment is in which circuit part.Usually use sensing system owing to adopt, be only possible this has only crossed several angle after bent axle rotates first after.

The invention still further relates to the method for starting vehicle internal combustion engine, the bent axle of internal-combustion engine links to each other with a driving system that comprises speed changer by at least one separable clutch, described driving is to comprise at least one motor, preferably take I. C. engine crankshaft to a predefined initial rotation position in the starting preparatory stage by motor, during operation, the angular velocity of bent axle and angular orientation are determined by vehicle speed sensor.

The invention further relates to a kind of method that reduces the speed changer noise of vehicle drive train, internal-combustion engine affacts on a live axle and the motor, this motor is connected on the live axle by a cross box, and an activatable clutch is arranged between internal-combustion engine and the cross box.

Background technique

In order to satisfy following mobility requirement, Motor Vehicle must satisfy some additional requirements.In environmental policy is discussed, the interference of polluting and noise is produced is given and special concern.As the result of international treaties, the legislator has stipulated severe reduction automobile CO ₂Discharging and all oil consumption (Flottenverbrauch).

Except the target of environmental policy, also it should be noted that the demand of world market and vehicle user.Therefore the tendency that motor vehicle construction is comfortable and safe and circus caravan is arranged and the increase of the market share of so-called SUV (multifunctional movement automobile) causes the increase of vehicle weight makes to reach oil consumption and emissions object becomes more difficult.The emotional factor of ignoring mobility fully also is impossible.Driving enjoyment also is very important aspect, and the automobile of not driving enjoyment is difficult to sell to such an extent that go out.

To want less oil consumption and discharging on the one hand in order reaching, will to increase these conflicting targets of comfort level and handling on the other hand, must implement the system's measure that comprises that whole driving is.

The more and more automation of the function of Motor Vehicle.This refers specifically to the set up procedure of Motor Vehicle.When the motor of a Motor Vehicle with idle running begins when mobile from static, cranking internal combustion engine at first, engaging clutch then is so that produce positive engagement between internal-combustion engine and driving wheel.This cycle time is crucial, the time between the beginning that the beginning of its process starting process and Motor Vehicle quicken.Whether the automatic system whether car steering person accepts depends primarily on it and manages to make the objective standard of time-delay, noise and flutter aspect to minimize and make the subjective criterion optimization.

In traditional system, internal-combustion engine is at first quickened by starter motor and does not implement to spray, and to avoid discharging unburned hydrocarbons, makes the limiting value deterioration of waste gas.Course of injection carried out after lock in time for the first time, and in stage lock in time, on the one hand, the phase place of piston and valve is in the zone that allows, and on the other hand, the enough height of the speed of motor are guaranteed abundant burning.From effectively spraying for the first time, can think that internal-combustion engine will provide a positive moment.The engagement process of clutch begins to start then, and therefore, after the idle running time first time, moment can be delivered on the driving wheel of Motor Vehicle, and accelerating process begins.Up to the whole endurance that Motor Vehicle begins to quicken depend on basically from the beginning of this process up to lock in time process during this period of time.Partly depend on the output of starter motor during this period of time, the rotary inertia of internal-combustion engine and friction torque, the required speed of lock in time and the internal-combustion engine phase place when this process starting.

Particularly can produce recoil momentum when the driving wheel of wheeled vehicle starts suddenly, this recoil momentum is exactly a vibration of making us bothering passenger's sensation.

EP0743216A2 has introduced a kind of hybrid vehicle, and it has an internal-combustion engine and an electric clutch motor also has an auxiliary motor.Starting process takes place by the electric clutch motor, and clutch motor and auxiliary motor are excited by following mode: the torque that acts on the live axle of driving wheel keeps constant.

U.S. Patent number 6244268B1 has introduced a kind of hybrid vehicle, and it has a motor and an internal-combustion engine.Under electric drive mode, when internal-combustion engine during by motor starting, its driving force is increased to the degree of the desired starting power of internal-combustion engine.

The starting and the driver element of internal combustion engine of motor vehicle can be known from DE19858992A1.Internal-combustion engine can be connected to the driving that comprises cross box by a bent axle and clutch and fasten.Described cross box is connected with a motor, utilizes described motor can implement various starting methods.One starting cleansing phase is all arranged before every kind of starting method, and bent axle is rotated by motor therebetween, and surveys starting conditions and clutch closure therebetween, makes the decision of operational phase subsequently, and determines the start-up parameters of these operational phases.An electric start-control device is surveyed in the output of clutch and the speed state and the speed process of input side by two velocity transducers that are arranged on the clutch both sides, start the starting method that the cleansing phase decision will be adopted at one, and determine its start-up parameters.

Velocity transducer judges that as a standard for example speed of crankshaft is relatively cheap, can only be a such shortcoming in position of determining bent axle more than the minimum speed in coarse mode but brought.Especially, under the situation of bent axle slow-speed, velocity transducer just no longer can be used for having surveyed the position of bent axle.Even position transducer also can provide the accurate angle information of crank position again under the static situation of low speed or relative complex.

DE19808472A1 has introduced a kind of method that is used for starter motor motor-car fuel injection type internal combustion engine.In time before igniting, motor is taken to a position by a drive unit low speed, on described position, the piston of a cylinder is parked on the top dead center, along with ignition order, motor is forced to carry out a further little rotation displacement, sprays then and lights a fire.The position of bent axle is surveyed by an independent crankshaft position sensor.

WO 01/88370A1 has introduced a kind of starting process and starter device of internal-combustion engine, and bent axle is turned to a predetermined initial position by a motor.The position of bent axle is surveyed by an independent rotation that cooperates with bent axle and position transducer, and this position transducer is relatively expensive.

DE10062985A1 has introduced a kind of method and control gear of measuring the I. C. engine crankshaft angle, and internal-combustion engine and a motor are linked together, and its rotor is connected with the mode of bent axle with a kind of torsional rigid like this.Described motor comprises one to its control gear controlled and a determining instrument, and this determining instrument is used for the angular orientation with respect to stator of rotor is measured.In order to measure crankshaft angles, control gear is surveyed and sent in the current angular orientation of rotor by the instrument that is used to measure the angular orientation.Corresponding then crankshaft angles is in real time determined on the basis of the angular orientation value that detects by control gear.Then, the crankshaft angles of measuring like this sends to the control unit of internal-combustion engine by control gear.

EP1113169A1 described a kind of internal-combustion engine starting arrangement and a kind of engine starting and stop process during control described starting arrangement method.Described starting arrangement has the electric drive system that a cover contains a motor, and described motor can link to each other with internal-combustion engine by a clutch.

Be known as starter generator (SSG) that sidepiece installs by a clutch during by internal combustion engine drive when one, one alternately momentum is by transmitting at motor and the transmission gear that drives between the system, and described alternately momentum is produced by the combustion stroke of internal-combustion engine.When a low generator momentum was fetched via described motor, the transmission momentum between internal-combustion engine and the motor can change that it is positive and negative.The flank of intervening gear is rigid support each other under situation about requiring usually, and described flank can be separated from each other in possible play scope and collision mutually once more, thereby can hear rattling sound.This situation takes place when low speed, particularly takes place when the racing speed of internal-combustion engine.

Summary of the invention

Time before the objective of the invention is by the control of optimizing starting period power transmission to be begun is the shortest and therefore make the acceleration minimum of Motor Vehicle.Another object of the present invention is to reduce the reaction momentum during impulse starting at least.A further object of the invention is that the time before the engagement of by the control of optimizing starting period, particularly optimizing clutch begins power transmission is the shortest and therefore make the acceleration minimum of Motor Vehicle.Another object of the present invention is the simplest enough possible mode to be positioned to be fit to the starting process to bent axle.Another object of the present invention is to avoid the click of gear-box, particularly in idling of IC engine.

Described purpose realizes according to the present invention in such a way, in the starting process internal-combustion engine when clutch is closed by motor driving, the clutch capacity of clutch reduces according to the parameter of at least one qualification at least, described parametric optimization ground is motor speed, the time of engine speed, the motor of internal-combustion engine, torque of motor or the like, preferably, automatic clutch is decontroled.

Internal-combustion engine in having the driving system of motor during starts carries out power transmission via clutch between driving machine and internal-combustion engine.According to present technical merit, clutch remains closed up to reaching a target velocity when internal-combustion engine quickens process usually.Although described program can guarantee starting,, need the relatively long time, because have only a gear in the speed changer after this just to mesh, the reality of vehicle moves and could begin like this.The method according to this invention can be saved time, and this is because even the cause that also can begin to declutch before burner oil begins.

Internal-combustion engine accelerates to obvious such speed greater than the desired minimum speed of starting process in advance.

According to described inventive concept, thereby can reduce time of starting period, thereby, compress into journey even before momentum is transferred on the internal-combustion engine by motor, also can start the pine of clutch, and internal-combustion engine is along with the sliding clutch that increases continuously is continued to quicken.The drag torque of internal-combustion engine depends on the position of bent axle.The on the one hand transmission torque in order to grow as far as possible, on the other hand in order to let the clutch be slipped fast, the beginning of clutch process is set at a piston of internal-combustion engine through after the top dead center.The moment of decontroling can come to determine as follows:

1) device that is called encoder by use is accurately measured the position of the angle of rotation of motor, and the absolute angle of described motor can both be read out if having time in institute.When having carried out calibration before between the encoder of the position transducer of internal-combustion engine and motor, this encoder can be used for drawing the conclusion of internal-combustion engine position.This synchronously or calibration finish by such mode: when clutch closure and crankshaft speed surpass under the situation of a predetermined minimum speed, at position transducer be used for accurately measuring between the device of motor rotary angle position and implement synchronously, the latter is adjusted to the adaptation position transducer.

2) when the drag torque of internal-combustion engine is followed in the torque of motor, can derive the top dead center position of piston from torque curve.According to predetermined parameters, therefore can begin to open clutch through atdc at piston.

Before starting period began, all clutches in the driving system between internal-combustion engine and motor all were closed, have therefore produced being rotationally connected between motor and the internal-combustion engine.If motor is connected with driving wheel, then cut off such connection.Motor is with the torque actuated internal-combustion engine of maximum then.When reaching a predetermined speed, for example 500min ^-1, clutch capacity is reduced or just opening of automatic clutch begun behind top dead center position.The injection of fuel also begins after clutch begins to open.When the injection process began, engine speed should be than a big at least 100min of critical velocity that can realize reliable starting process ^-1

Can mesh first gear in order to make in a kind of very fast mode in automatic speed-changing system, the driving of motor is opened the back at automatic clutch and is stopped using or of short duration counter-rotating.The part of the driving system of perhaps also can automatic transmission or linking to each other with automatic transmission is braked, and preferably retarding torque is provided by motor simultaneously.

After the starting process of internal-combustion engine, clutch meshes once again, and Motor Vehicle begins to quicken simultaneously.After the starting process of internal-combustion engine, described internal-combustion engine provides very big torque, thereby the speed of increase oneself further makes Motor Vehicle quicken on the other hand on the one hand.

The method according to this invention makes the reach of Motor Vehicle accelerating process, has therefore realized obviously response performance faster.

The invention further relates to a kind of device of controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with an internal-combustion engine and an automatic clutch, described device is configured to trigger a motor so that internal-combustion engine quickens from static the beginning, and described device further is arranged to trigger automatic clutch.This device has such feature according to the present invention: described device begins with the minimizing of piston process atdc clutch torque.Control device of electric motor according to the present invention has reduced described accelerating process and has begun the preceding time.

The invention further relates to a kind of Motor Vehicle, it has an internal-combustion engine and a motor, also has the automatic clutch in the driving system between internal-combustion engine and motor, and the control gear of control starting period.

In order to reduce recoil momentum in the impulse starting process, motor is operation by this way during the impulse starting process: it is to the compensation of small part or reduce the recoil momentum of internal-combustion engine at least.Preferably, described impulse starting process preferably produces by driving wheel.

Mainly contain the possibility of two kinds of controls:

1) driving machine is accurately operated by the drag torque of internal-combustion engine.Clutch capacity is along with the torque of motor is transmitted accurately.If produce too fast or too high impact for the torque of transmitting motor, this has caused the slip of convertible (schltbar) clutch then, and those impacts as a result are cushioned.This method is suitable when the drag torque of internal-combustion engine can be compensated by motor fully.

2) when motor can not compensate whole drag torque of internal-combustion engine, it is operated with an average torque.In order not allow any permanent slip of clutch, this torque must be enough high.Described clutch comes work with a capacity that all is equivalent to described torque in all cases.Produce if impact by the cylinder compression, for example also high than clutch capacity, thereby this will cause the buffering of the slip and the described impact of clutch.If produce than the little torque of described average drag torque, the momentum of internal-combustion engine just reduces thereupon.

In order to make the time of power transmission before beginning the shortest, advantageously, be located at before lock in time the starting time of the engagement process of clutch.

The relevant discovery relevant with the present invention is that under the situation of described each self-configuring of system component, described engine speed is high more a lot of than the critical velocity that can successfully start process in lock in time.The method according to this invention, internal-combustion engine at first have an acceleration under the situation that clutch is opened fully, accelerate to first speed of the minimum speed that requires above the starting process.As the corresponding results that then begins clutches engaged, the speed of internal-combustion engine reduces, and the acceleration of Motor Vehicle simultaneously begins.Control takes place by this way: in order successfully to finish the starting process, in the speed of lock in time still enough height.Like this, internal-combustion engine will provide an extra torque, increase described speed on the one hand, further on the other hand accelerating vehicle.The method according to this invention allows therefore the beginning in advance of the acceleration process of Motor Vehicle realized a response performance of obviously accelerating.

When the end of the engagement process of clutch is after lock in time, can realize starting performance especially stably.Therefore, when clutch still has certain slip, realized the igniting first time of internal-combustion engine, thereby most of torque shock ends absorbed by clutch at this moment still.

A special preferred embodiment of the method according to this invention, the zero hour of starting period clutch open, in other words, when internal-combustion engine is static, open.Described clutch also can be closed in the zero hour of starting period, in other words, speed changer static at internal-combustion engine and Motor Vehicle can be closed when neutral, therefore clutch is opened at very first time point, be engaged at gear of second time point, engagement process at the 3rd time point clutch begins, and begins in a synchronous time injection process then.This distortion of described method also is favourable, even in the long-time quiescent period, also will not remain on open mode by clutch.

Particularly preferably be that when the injection process began, engine speed was than a big at least 100min of critical velocity that can realize reliable starting process ^-1Can guarantee the reliable starting process under all operating conditions like this.

The invention further relates to the device of controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with an internal-combustion engine and an automatic clutch, and this device is configured to trigger starter motor, so that from static acceleration internal-combustion engine, being configured to start the engagement process of clutch, so that beginning starting period and begin course of injection in lock in time.Described device has following feature according to the present invention: described device determines that the beginning of engagement time of clutch is prior to described lock in time.Engine controlling unit according to the present invention has reduced the acceleration process and has begun the preceding time.

The invention further relates to a kind of Motor Vehicle, it has an internal-combustion engine, the control gear of automatic clutch and the described starting period of control.The present invention can be applied to be equipped with the Motor Vehicle of a starter generator in particularly advantageous mode.Be connected that to drive in the system be a motor, this motor can be used as starter motor and generator simultaneously.

In order to determine best lock in time, particularly preferably be that the device that is used to control starting period is connected to camshaft-signal sensor and crankshaft sensor simultaneously.Can determine to take place to spray for the first time and igniting so reliably at which cylinder.

When being set to automatic transmission, the speed changer of Motor Vehicle can obtain special advantage.Be particularly advantageous when speed changer is set to continuously variable transmission.As mentioned above, the starting process can be carried out by this way,, does not need any intervention of driver that is, in this case, at first adopts a closed clutch, and it at first is opened, so that mesh a gear, carries out actual engagement process then.According to a special preferred embodiment of the present invention, Motor Vehicle is equipped with an automatic parking brake device, the control coupling of itself and starting period.Such automatic parking braking device is second braking device, and it starts in the time of stationary vehicle, and continuous firing is fastened up in order to start the acceleration process enough torques being applied to driving.With a such automatic parking brake device, the driver does not need to take any special measure, just can start to walk on the road surface that tilts easily.

In order to satisfy various load-up conditions during starts, an inclination sensor can suitably be provided, its device with the control starting period links to each other.Described inclination sensor can optionally determine a starting process must carry out upward slope at the inclined degree of vertically measuring car body like this.

The further relevant load condition that when the Motor Vehicle heavy duty, provides.In this case, after the engagement process of clutch begins, must wish a stronger braking of internal-combustion engine, therefore mesh the beginning of process and must be postponed a little.This situation can be by comparing present engine torque and the torque that precomputes to determine that it is state unloaded and that just be moved that vehicle is represented in the torque that precomputes except the driver.Described torque can be determined by the decline situation of engine speed from clutches engaged.Because on the road, the load of vehicle is constant or change seldom, and the previous value of measuring can be used as an estimated value, up to having determined new numerical value.

Special advantage according to solution of the present invention obtains in being equipped with the vehicle of automatic starting one halt system.Automatic starting one halt system like this is static or close internal-combustion engine when not needing torque at Motor Vehicle, and is detecting automatic cranking internal combustion engine when needing accordingly there from the driver.

When having the device of the rotary angle position that is used for accurately detecting motor, can obtain the position of the bent axle of the process of starting, when engine speed sensor when clutch closure and crankshaft speed are on a predetermined minimum speed be used for accurately measuring between the device of rotary angle position of motor and carried out synchronously, described rotary angle position is adjusted to the adaptation engine speed sensor, checks and control the setting of initial rotational position behind synchronized process by means of the device of the rotary angle position that is used to measure motor.

The device that is used for accurately measuring rotational position sometimes is used as standard fitting at motor.They can be by independent position transducers or also can be formed by the non-sensor, method of the rotary angle position of measuring motor.

In the method according to the invention, in order to measure accurate rotary crankshaft position at the dwell period of internal-combustion engine and to monitor accurate rotary crankshaft position, used the device of the rotational position of accurate mensuration motor in the starting preparatory stage.Therefore just do not need other additional exact position sensors.

Can be arranged to like this, that is, make it to be in initial position, perhaps preferably make it to be in initial position by the motor braking bent axle by the motor driving bent axle.

The click of speed changer during for fear of idling of IC engine, can be according to the state in the cross box, that promptly stretch or axial load, interaction effect by convertible clutch is the torque in the controlling and driving system in this wise: promptly suppress to drive vibration, and clutch is preferably driven by a clutch torque, its torque peak than the driving torque of internal-combustion engine is low, and described engine torque rises and falls in a looping fashion.Clutch capacity is directed into the average torque that is higher than motor a little.

The reverse of torque mainly occurs in compression procedure, the bent axle braking that causes motor not follow, and this is because inertia and the low result who produces torque.

If the capacity of clutch is moved into the generation torque that is higher than motor a little, clutch, will begin to slide because clutch capacity is transmitted in compression cycle and maximization under the situation of bent axle braking, even in the other direction.In burning was afterwards impacted, when the torque ratio clutch capacity that produces was big, clutch still can slide.Existing method can not be avoided cutting stage lax between internal-combustion engine and the motor.Because the difference between maximum forward and the maximum reverse torque is little, the bump the when flank of tooth meets is subdued effectively, has therefore avoided the click of speed changer effectively.

When clutch capacity is reduced during compression procedure, obtained further raising, it is the most idealized to be to reach null value, because like this, the difference between maximum forward above-mentioned and the maximum reverse torque value is further reduced.

Description of drawings

By the reference accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail now, wherein:

Fig. 1 schematically shows according to driving of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the oblique drawing of a drive unit;

Fig. 3 shows the schematic representation of the wheel set of a speed changer;

Fig. 4 shows the electrical system of drive unit;

Fig. 5 shows an electrically driven (operated) schematic representation;

Fig. 6 shows the torque characteristic curve that drives when tying up to the 5th grade;

Fig. 7 shows the distribution of torque that drives system;

Fig. 8 shows circulation of travelling in the extramural, city, the speed of internal-combustion engine;

Fig. 9 shows enforcement circulation in the extramural, city, drives the oil consumption of system;

Figure 10 shows enforcement circulation in the extramural, city, drives the NO of system _xDischarge amount;

Figure 11 shows during the quick starting of motor, drives the speed of system;

Figure 12 shows the engine speed and the longitudinal direction of car acceleration of the vehicle with electronic support;

Figure 13 shows the engine speed and the longitudinal direction of car acceleration of the vehicle that does not have electronic support;

Figure 14 shows the turning moment diagram of explaining first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 15 shows the turning moment diagram of explaining second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 16 shows explanation plotted curve according to a third embodiment of the method according to the invention;

Figure 17 shows the plotted curve of explaining the present invention the 4th embodiment;

Figure 18 schematically shows the necessary component of the driving system of the 5th embodiment's the automobile according to the present invention;

Figure 19 shows the 6th embodiment that described driving is;

Figure 20 shows the 7th embodiment who drives system;

Figure 21 shows other embodiment's driving system;

Figure 22 shows torque-time diagram.

Embodiment

Reduce oil consumption and discharging in order to reach predefined target, to comprise, also comprise comfort level that part is conflicting and handling, must be by by the system's measure that comprises that whole driving system forms.Fig. 1 and 2 shows such one and is used for small-sized and hybrid drive train compact car, and it can reach above-mentioned target.Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of hybrid electric drive system 10.Driving is that 11 main driving source is an internal-combustion engine 12 (for example diesel engine), it is less that this internal-combustion engine is compared basic motiveization (Basismotorisierung), and this internal-combustion engine is by automatic transmission 14 couplings of automatic clutch 50 with for example six gears.A motor 16 links to each other with automatic transmission 14 via cross box 18 by convertible clutch 50a, 50b (for example convertible timing clutch).Described motor 16 can be used as generator and motor simultaneously, this motor 16 has the peak value power of lasting 5 seconds the 25kW of lasting motive force peace treaty of about 10kW in described embodiment, and the high-power electronic device of being made up of battery pack 22 with 12 volts of voltages and the double layer capacitor 24 with 42 volts of voltages (Leistungselektronik) triggers.Cross box 18 can be by motor 16 switch on the one hand with live axle 30 couplings of automatic transmission 14, on the other hand with output shaft 32 couplings of automatic transmission 14.Described output shaft 32 guiding driving wheels 34.Compare with the layout on the bent axle that motor 16 is placed in internal-combustion engine 12, the whole length that hybrid drive system 10 of the present invention has automatic transmission 14 does not require the advantage of extending in the clutch zone, and this application that motor is laterally installed forwardly is even more important.The motor 16 of described hybrid drive train 10 is independent, intrinsic unit optimized, and is irrelevant with automatic transmission 14.Be located in the system on the bent axle, especially difficult to the optimization in the space between stator (being positioned on the mission case) and the rotor (being positioned on the bent axle) under the asynchronous motor situation, thus cause loss in efficiency sometimes.

Be bolted on the cross box 18 by the high-power electronic device 20 that processor 26, transducer 28 and direct current-direct current transducer (referring to Fig. 4) is formed.The double layer capacitor 24 that is used as energy storage device is arranged on above the automatic transmission 14 and is fixed on (referring to Fig. 2) on the car body.The cooling of high-power electronic device 20 and motor 16 is directly unified in the cool cycles of internal-combustion engine 12.

Described motor 16 can be used as starter motor and generator simultaneously, and therefore, these two assemblies can be omitted.In addition, braking force can reclaim (compensation) by motor 16, and described internal-combustion engine 12 is coupled with its friction horsepower, is installed in system under the situation of crankshaft side, and this can only realize by a second clutch.

The another one importance of described hybrid electric drive system 10 is that the tractive force that motor 16 can be filled up when shifting of transmission interrupts, and is very smooth and easy when making automatic transmission 14 gear shift.The gear shift comfort level that this causes the gear shift comfort level with the automatic frequency-conversion speed changer to be close.

Select double layer capacitor 24 rather than 42V battery, this allows to make motor 16 to have very high electric current as motor and generating function in the short time simultaneously.This provides when providing tractive force during speed-raising and gear shift and the advantage during the capacitor ash is multiple.Double layer capacitor 24 energy stored are lacked than battery, and it is preferable therefore not requiring motor 16 that the electric functions of long electric motor operated is provided.Therefore the strategy of energy management is designed to require that double layer capacitor 24 provides as much as possible, short loading and unloading circulation, and double layer capacitor 24 also is fit to such purpose.

The structure of described electrical system as shown in Figure 4.Except that motor 16, for electric water pump 36 provides 42V voltage.It also is possible providing electric power for other electrical assembly (air condition compressor, variable valve regulating device etc.).Described control unit is connected on the control network of vehicle via control unit connection set 38, the information that control unit connection set 38 guiding is necessary and instructing on the control network 42 of interior hybrid drive train, described driving system links to each other with transmission control unit TCU with control unit of engine ECU.Communicate with high-power electronic device 20 by the special-purpose CAN of what is called (control area net), high-power electronic device 20 comprises processor 26, transducer 28 and direct current-direct current transducer 29, and special-purpose CAN is by reference character 44 expressions.The control network 42 of the control network 40 of vehicle and driving system can be set to the CAN bus system.

Under existing conditions, internal-combustion engine 12 is set to three cylinder type diesel engines, and each cylinder has two valves and cross-current type cylinder head scheme and variable eddy-current system.Internal-combustion engine 12 has: a usual pressure track ejecting system; One gas recirculation system, this system has cooler and electric exhaust gas recirculation valve; One electric water pump; One electric constant-temp regulator valve.The variable turbine geometry is provided as load notion (Aufladekonzept).

Reference character 46 expression 12V networks among Fig. 4, reference character 48 expression 42V networks.

Quite high engine load in having the circulation of travelling for example that improved internal-combustion engine 12 thermodynamic efficiencies respectively (for example the new Europe of NEDC-travel circulation) can obtain by mode and the automatic transmission 14 that volume be adjusted load transfer (Lastenverschiebung durch Hubraumanpassung).Yet, the higher load of generation caused difficulty more about NO _xThe boundary conditions of discharging.Yet, NO _xDischarging can reduce by optimizing the relative combustion parameter basically, and said parameter is piston groove for example, compression, the nozzle specification, nozzle projection, AGR ratio, air inlet activity (whirlpool) and the jet pressure under the boundary conditions of high specific engines load separately and spray starting point.

Fig. 3 has shown the concise and to the point layout of automatic transmission 14 and cross box 18.Forward gears gear 1 to 6 o'clock is synchronous, and reverse gear R is set to a sliding gear.

Clutch 50 drives the clutch actuator excitation by a release lever by an electricity.The gear shift of speed changer also produces in electronic mode.Two gear selector drums are encouraged respectively by two gear carriers (Zahnradstufen), and therefore, described gear can be engaged and break away from.A gear selector drum interrelates with reverse gear and 2,4 grades of gears, and another is then got in touch with

gear

1,3,5 and 6.This shift strategy has guaranteed the very short speed-change and gearshift time.Because adjacent gear is on the different gear selector drums, by breaking away from initial gear and engagement target gear simultaneously, can obtain the very short shifting of transmission time, this former is possible by being only with hydraulic transmission.Even numbers gear shift (for example from 5 to 3) can very quick generation, because do not need to mesh an intermediate gear.

The coupling of described motor 16 and automatic transmission 14 produces by cross box 18.Kinetic current moves on the jack shaft 52 through two cylindrical gear pairs (Stirnradstufen) (gear pair (Stufe) S4 and S3) from motor 16, is equipped with the change wheel 54,56 of gear pair S2 and gear pair S1 on this jack shaft.Therefore this two change wheel 54,56 can, so just not needed other exciter system by the conversion of the gear selector of gear R/2/4 drum.Gear pair S2 links to each other with motor 16 via the fourth speed gear 58 on the live axle 30.Internal-combustion engine 12 for example can be in this shift pattern starting.Gear pair S1 connects motor 16 and output shaft 31, thereby allows the result who advances, promptly drives of short duration output peak value to allow.Because motor 16 can reach for example 20000min ^-1Rotating speed, thereby, must pay special attention to the configuration of gear, the structure of particularly gear pair S4, and bearing and sleeve pipe.

Motor 16 and high-power electronic device 20 are connected to described cross box 18 in present example, high-power electronic device 20 is included in processor 26, direct current one direct current electric transducer 29 and the transducer 28 in the housing.This has caused very compact layout, and the very short path that has caused being used for guide current on the one hand and be used for the electric wire between motor 16 and the high-power electronic device 20 is cooled off has caused the adjacent component of double layer capacitor 24 and the short path between the engine cooling apparatus on the other hand.The configuration of electrical system and interface as shown in Figure 5.

Strong asynchronous motor for example is fit to reach the requirement on the motor 16.Directly link in the cool cycles of internal-combustion engine 12 via a bypass about the frequency converter 28 that the cooling aspect is crucial especially.Have only after this, freezing mixture is directed into the more unessential motor 16 in hot aspect.Therefore, cooling and compact arrangement are the important requirements to transducer 28.Direct current one direct current electric transducer 29 power supply network 46 on the network 48 and 12V car that is used for being coupled on the 42V car.It mainly serves as the task of generator.As the result of compact arrangement, a simple topology can be implemented.Owing to generally do not have the 42V network in present vehicle notion, present idea provides the simple possibility of the vehicle family of an expansion existence for the high consumer of demand motive force by a high voltage bus.It is local that described 42V network 48 also can be limited to motor 16 zones.So only be used for transducer 28 and the energy accumulator of being coupled.Sensing system 60 and diagnose interface 62 (for example RS-232) have replenished power-actuated characteristic curve.Diagnose interface 62 and special-purpose CAN44 can embed connector 63 or terminal 15/30/CAN links to each other by vehicle.

Compare with traditional driving system, motor 16 is integrated into provides following additional function in the described hybrid electric drive system 10:

The peace and quiet of-internal-combustion engine 12, fast and reduce the starting of discharging,

12V and the 42V In-vehicle networking power supply of-generator operation on car,

-recover (by electrodynamic or the internal-combustion engine braking energy recovery that emulation provides of thrusting),

-along with the quiet quick starting of motor is flame-out during idle running (rise-stopping function),

-the gear shift that has tractive force to support,

-electricity starting support,

-quicken to advance,

-impulse starting.

Described topological structure mainly allows electricity to drive and slides.Yet these functions are also limited by energy storage device.

At vehicle static for a long time (for example in the traffic lights front) and when enabling foot brake, stopping working of internal-combustion engine 12 has clear and definite advantage aspect the consumption of travelling on circulating.The resolute acceptance of flame-out function is the of short duration reaction time that internal-combustion engine 12 is reset when idle running.This means that internal-combustion engine must start between the action of the loosening and gas pedal that brakes, like this, vehicle will begin to move, and not have common delay in this case.Begin to reset by the minimizing of brake pressure or the small loosening up of braking pedal, so motor 16 quickens internal-combustion engine 12.Then, initial gear is engaged, so cause the positive engagement with driving wheel.

In hybrid electric drive system 10 of the present invention, use an automatic transmission 14 very expeditiously, can also pass through freely selecting of shift point, help in automatic mode travels the cycle, to reduce oil consumption.Simultaneously, by manual mode, also provide motility to make things convenient for the possibility of gear shift to the driver.More automatically change speed changer, unique shortcoming of such speed changer configuration is the short interruption of tractive force.This hybrid electric drive system 10 provides when described tractive force minibreak the possibility by motor 16 powered vehicle now, thereby can carry out gear shift very easily.When at the full and down gear up, the tractive force support according to gear and engine speed between 30% and 100%.This means that the tractive force when gear shift can be up in 100% of gear shift rear haulage power.Particularly when from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3 gear shift, it is very important when considering the gear shift comfortable feel of automatic transmission, and the tractive force support is than whole velocity ranges taller 50% of internal-combustion engine.

The target of propulsion functions is to improve the power character and the mobility of vehicle.Fig. 6 shows internal-combustion engine 12, motor 16 and obtainable total torque M _GTorque characteristic curve.The torque of internal-combustion engine 12 is M _B, the torque M of motor 16 _EExpression.Torque M is illustrated on the speed n.

Move away and be even more important for the mobility of driving with first grade of acceleration, it also is applicable to particularly the spontaneity at high tap position.Fig. 6 shows the torque M of motivational drive motor 16 (ongoing operation) schematically _eCurve, the torque characteristic curve M of internal-combustion engine 12 in addition _B, and the motor on the output shaft 32 16 obtainable total torque M in the time of 5 grades _GAs shown in the figure, with the corresponding total torque M of the maximum power of internal-combustion engine 12 _GCan under the situation of idling speed, provide.By short overload motor 16, be possible to the such curve of all gear analyses.Owing to adopt native system, can not advance in any random time, the restriction of effective coverage then must be provided.When the driver required a corresponding output by accelerator pedal, propulsion functions was from starting speed to the maximum engine torque (in the present embodiment near 2000min ^-1) be available.For fear of the overload speed changer, from the total torque M of internal-combustion engine 12 and motor 16 _GCan be restricted to the maximum power M of internal-combustion engine 12 _BThis provides power character in operating range to vehicle, and feature is so-called " turbine bore ", therefore is particularly conducive to approval and drives enjoyment.Because it is very fast that these velocity ranges (particularly in low grade) slip over, the power that requires from double layer capacitor 24 for this purpose is still in boundary.

Described propulsion functions also provides and has consumed compensation power once more, and this will be described in detail below.

A NEDC who tested in the present embodiment travelled in the cycle, and the total energy consumption with vehicle of hybrid electric drive system 10 approximately is 4.3MJ.Approximately 1.3MJ loses during braking.This has represented whole cycle braking energy recovery and energy-conservation theoretical potential.The target of intelligence energy management is to utilize these brake losses by the braking that recovers as much as possible, and can put into these brake losses once more in the operating process of vehicle in a kind of useful mode.Consider the boundary conditions of " the maximum output of motor " and " the maximum voltage skew of energy accumulator ", during NEDC travels the cycle, can obtain about 410kJ.This value has also been considered the usability of energy management in the driving operation of reality.The loading of energy accumulator and be discharged in NEDC and travel and accurately to be scheduled in the cycle.When next section is wished a loading cycle, can receive a low-down energy level over a long time like this.In the driving operation of reality, lack this knowledge.Why Here it is must guarantee that energy accumulator always keeps a minimum energy deposit, and for example guarantee the gear shift that the tractive force support is arranged can obtain sufficient energy reserve if having time.This means the reduction of maximum voltage skew, therefore be reduced to about 410kJ recovering potential in the NEDC cycle of travelling.

Travel at NEDC in order to ensure the energy storage of storage and to coincide around the cycle, the energy demand that is compensated consumed during the cycle of travelling.When considering whole efficiency chain, simple parallel is nonsensical in internal-combustion engine 12 operating electrical machines 16.The travel analysis in cycle has shown of short duration high load(ing) point to NEDC, yet it has caused CO basically ₂And NO _xTherefore, in these special scopes (propelling), support 12 selection strategy of internal-combustion engines to be inevitable with motor 16.

Fig. 7 has shown in NEDC travels a circuit part, the torque M of internal-combustion engine 12 and motor 16 _B, M _ESummation.More clear for what explain, tractive force is left in the basket during being supported in gear shift.Fig. 8 has shown the response curve of the speed n of internal-combustion engine 12.

Fig. 9 and 10 has shown CO ₂And NO _xThe savings potential of discharging.The energy input that motor 16 is supported is 393KJ, as a result energy accumulator basic complete equilibrium before and after the cycle of travelling.Present strategy can make NO _xDischarging is minimizing 15% and CO approximately ₂Discharging approximately reduces 9%.Curve V _oAnd N _oThe consumption and the NO that do not have motor 16 to support have been shown _xDischarging, curve V _uAnd N _uShown and had consumption V and the NO that motor 16 is supported _xDischarging.

Along with moving of described brake petal, begun the quick starting of motor, thereby begun the starting command of the renewal starting of internal-combustion engine 12.Almost simultaneously, the torque of motor 16 accumulation beginning, internal-combustion engine is accelerated as a result.As long as first gear is engaged, drive and prepare just to have carried out, then, utilize motor 16 just can drive away their vehicles.Figure 11 has shown internal-combustion engine 12 in the quick starting of rise-stopping between functional period, the speed n of motor 16 _ESpeed n with internal-combustion engine 12 _BOn time t, drawn.The place sends starting command at the S point.First gear is in the T point gearing, and torque can be transferred on the driving wheel.Line G has shown shelves levels (Gangstufe), and in this case, shelves levels " 9 " have signified the neutral position.

Figure 12 shows the engine speed n when having motor 16 to support _BCurve with the acceleration a of vehicle (by on the cylinder Laboratory Furniture, recording the wheel speed calculation).Accompanying drawing 13 shows the engine speed n when not having motor 16 to support _BCurve with the acceleration a of vehicle.Do not have electrodynamic support, (acceleration a becomes negative) produced typical tractive force interruption during gear shift.The help of motor 16 has been arranged, the interruption that has replenished tractive force of a lasting forward torque and part just may be provided.

In order to save fuel oil, internal-combustion engine can stop working under the particular vehicle state.When the vehicle-state change, internal-combustion engine starts again, and it also must be possible in a mobile vehicle.A pulse that is set to the motor 16 of a starter generator can be used for hybrid electric drive system 10, so that quicken the pulse of internal-combustion engine 12 and driving wheel 34.A device that is arranged in speed changer 14 is essential, and this device is used for motor 16 is coupled to the speed changer input end, can be only uses this device before reaching one that limit, low relatively car speed (first grade).Therefore internal-combustion engine 12 directly can guarantee on a mobile vehicle via motor 16 startings.When motor 16 and speed changer output terminal are coupled, can in the whole velocity range of vehicle, work via the starting of the pulse of driving wheel 34.Yet, can produce a counter torque in this case, it can be experienced by Vehicular occupant by the form of the impact making us bothering.

This counter torque can be by using motor 16 to compensate in the usefulness scope of motor 16 or weakening.

1) motor 16 is with the drag torque M of internal-combustion engine 12 _SAccurately operated.Therefore, the clutch capacity M of clutch 50 _KAccurately follow the torque M of motivational drive motor 16 _EIf in order to adjust the torque M of motor 16 _EAnd too fast or too high vibration takes place suddenly, and so, this will cause the slip of clutch 50, and result's vibration is cushioned.Drag torque M when internal-combustion engine 12 _SIn the time of can being compensated by motor 16 fully, this method is fit to.

2) if motor 16 can not compensate whole drag torque M of internal-combustion engine 12 _s, it will be to be equivalent to average drag torque M _mTorque M _EOperate, in order to guarantee that clutch 50 does not continue to slide described torque M _EMust be enough big.Clutch 50 is with capacity M _KOperate, its also with described average drag torque M _mQuite.Produced by the cylinder compression if vibration is moving, for example it is than clutch capacity M _KTo cause the slip of clutch 50 to cushion described vibration greatly, so like this.If the average drag torque M of torque ratio that produces _mLittle, the torque of motor 16 will correspondingly reduce.

In the starting of the internal-combustion engine 12 in hybrid electric drive system 10, power transmission produces between motor 16 and internal-combustion engine 12 via clutch 50.According to present technical merit, internal-combustion engine 12 will be accelerated up to reaching target velocity, and clutch 50 is closed.Though this provides safe driving, it needs one period considerable time.

This time can by in addition begin to open clutch 50 and continue to make internal-combustion engine 12 to quicken to shorten during just by motor 16 transmission when a torque by sliding along with the increase gradually of clutch 50.The drag torque of internal-combustion engine 12 depends on the position of bent axle.In order to transmit torque as far as possible for a long time on the one hand, open clutch 50 on the other hand apace, a top dead center that begins to be moved to internal-combustion engine 12 of clutch process.Therefore, opening torque can decide by following dual mode:

1) by using a kind of device that is called encoder accurately to measure the rotary angle position of motor 16, just can read the absolute angle of motor 16 at any time.When having carried out calibration between the encoder to the position transducer of internal-combustion engine 12 and motor 16 before, this encoder can be used to draw the conclusion to the position of internal-combustion engine 12.This to internal-combustion engine 12 position transducer and the encoder of motor 16 between the calibration carried out carry out by this way: closed and crankshaft speed is under a situation of being scheduled on the minimum speed when clutch 50, implement an operation synchronously between the encoder of the position transducer of internal-combustion engine 12 and motor 16, the latter is adjusted to the adaptation position transducer.

2) when the torque M of motor 16 _eFollow the drag torque M of internal-combustion engine 12 _SThe time, can be from the torque curve M of motor 16 _EMiddle top dead center position of deriving piston.

The plotted curve of Figure 16 has shown the engine speed n on time t.When time t=0, internal-combustion engine is in state of rest, supposes in case during the corresponding requirements that for example shows in the mode of bend the throttle that detects that the driver sends, just send cranking internal combustion engine and drive the signal that leaves.The speed n of internal-combustion engine 101 is along with the starting of starter motor begins to increase.In case reach a predetermined speed n ₁, clutch 102 begins engagement, and begins torque transfer to driving wheel 104.A driving torque is transferred on the wheel 102 from internal-combustion engine 101 via sliding clutch 102.The speed n of internal-combustion engine 101 is by the torque transfer value of being reduced to n at last ₂, but its to be driven be that an appropriate device of control remains on and is the selected level of starting period.Value n ₂To always be in minimum speed n _MinOn, and generally always on idling speed.Assurance is by the predictability of system behavio(u)r, and described value can not drop on minimum speed n _MinUnder.

Be injected in for the first time time t _sBeginning, it is in time t _SyncMore afterwards, so internal-combustion engine 101 begins to provide forward torque.The engagement process of clutch 102 is at time t _EeFinish, it is in time t _SyncAfterwards, so a direct power transmission has produced.

The embodiment of the method for Figure 17 is different in these places with Figure 16: clutch is engaged at first up to time t ₁Speed changer is in neutral position, so there is not power transmission.Clutch is at time t ₁And t ₂Between open, so can give a control command, allow this automatic transmission remove to mesh first gear to automatic transmission.

From time t _EsBeginning, the mode of described method simulation Figure 16 is carried out.

Curve under the t-n of Figure 17 figure shows the course of action of clutch, and o represents open mode, and e represents engagement.

Figure 18 has schematically shown the chief component according to the driving system of the Motor Vehicle of first embodiment of the invention.An internal-combustion engine 101 links to each other with automatic transmission 103 via an automatic clutch 102.Described speed changer 103 drives system's (representing with reference character 110) here via one and drives driving wheel (schematically showing with 104) here.A bent axle starter generator 109 is provided in the upstream of clutch 102, and described generator is used especially for cranking internal combustion engine 101.Another clutch 112 selectively is provided between internal-combustion engine 101 and the bent axle starter generator 109, thereby allows the pure electric operating of vehicle.This embodiment is fit to simultaneously according to the method for Figure 16 with according to the method for Figure 17.

In the embodiment of Figure 19, starter generator 109 is set in parallel with speed changer 103.One first tape drive 105 is arranged on the upstream of speed changer 103, and one second tape drive 106 is arranged on the downstream of speed changer 103.Tape drive 105 links to each other with motor 109 with 108 via clutch 107 with 106, and described motor is used as a starter generator.Under the corresponding configuration of speed changer 103, also may be set to clutch 107 and 108 synchronizing ring or substitute them with synchronizing ring.

Because clutch 102 is arranged on the upstream of tape drive 105, thereby, have only method can be suitable for such embodiment according to Figure 17.By at time t ₂Open clutch 102, the torque transfer from starter generator 109 to internal-combustion engine is interrupted, so speed n is at time t ₂After begin to descend.

To one skilled in the art, obviously,, also may carry out method with a similar embodiment according to Figure 16 by corresponding change.

Figure 20 shows an internal-combustion engine 201, and it is connected to a driving via a bent axle 202 and a convertible clutch 203 is 204, is to be provided with a speed changer 205 in 204 in driving.A motor 206 selectively is connected with speed changer 205, and described motor selectively is operably connected to transmission input shaft 210 or transmission output shaft 207.Internal-combustion engine 201, clutch 203, speed changer 205 and motor 206 such being arranged in the motor vehicle driven by mixed power are often used.

In order to monitor the speed of bent axle 202, a velocity transducer 208 for example is set at the zone of flywheel, and described sensor can only transfer the rotational position of detection bent axle 202 from a predetermined minimum speed, for example per minute 100 of bent axle 202.

A pinpoint accuracy position transducer 209 or a no sensor, method are provided, have detected or monitored the exact position of the angle of swing of motor 206.Therefore, the position of described angle of swing can be measured with the validity of about 0.5 ° degree in crank angle.Such position transducer or do not have sensor, method in being set to the motor of polyphase machine as a kind of standard application.

For can quick starting after internal-combustion engine 201 is flame-out, in the starting preparatory stage, bent axle 202 be brought to a predetermined initial rotational position.Because before injection and fire fuel, bent axle 202 just is brought to an accurate predetermined start rotational position, so the electronics of motor can be synchronous fast on the one hand, internal-combustion engine can be optimized starting on the other hand, so that fast as far as possible overcome compression stage for the first time.In order to realize these, the method according to this invention, the position of the angle of swing of bent axle 202 by motor 206 position transducer 209 or do not have sensor, method and monitor, to measure the position of angle of swing.Yet precondition is before this, adjusts described position transducer 209 or described no sensor, method to adapt to this crank position.This is carried out by velocity transducer 208, and this velocity transducer is as a standard of measuring crankshaft speed.Check in the first step whether clutch 203 is closed.If not, bring such state and bring bent axle 202 and drive be 204 and motor 206 between a rigid rotating connect, cut off described driving system from driving wheel simultaneously.Whether the speed that also will check bent axle 202 is on the minimum speed, and velocity transducer 208 can be used to measure described position like this.When these two preconditions are satisfied (clutch 203 speed closed and bent axle 202 are higher than minimum speed), position transducer 209 or do not have sensor, method and be adjusted to speed-adaptive sensor 28, thus finish synchronous.This process is only required fractions of a second up to a few seconds, can carry out during internal-combustion engine 201 flame-out backs and coasting.

In the starting preparatory stage, it can be in flame-out back or is only carrying out near prestart, and under the help of motor 206 and position transducer 209, bent axle 202 is brought to the predetermined start rotational position.This can be by 206 pairs of bent axles 202 of motor effective driving, perhaps particularly after internal-combustion engine 201 is flame-out, take place by particularly braking the predetermined start position at the following bent axle 202 of the help of motor 206.

Therefore, under the situation of the exact position sensor that need not to add, the initial ready position of pinpoint accuracy of a bent axle 202 and very fast starting process can be arranged also.

It is 310 that Figure 21 shows a driving with an internal-combustion engine 301, and this internal-combustion engine acts on a live axle 302.Live axle 302 further is connected on the motor 304 via a cross box 303, and this motor is set to a side starter generator.A convertible clutch 305 is arranged between internal-combustion engine 301 and the cross box 303.Especially when machine dallies, click in the cross box 303, this results from the compression and the combustion vibration of internal-combustion engine 301.

Figure 22 shows a plotted curve, has expressed the torque M on time t among the figure.The driving torque M of internal-combustion engine 301 _B, clutch capacity M _KAverage torque M with motor 304 _EAll in figure, showed.The click of speed changer is from the compression and the combustion vibration of internal-combustion engine 301.Can reduce the click of speed changer by operated clutch 305 by this way: the torque M of internal-combustion engine 301 _BTorque peak blocked, shown in dotted line.As clutch capacity M _KBe set to the average square M that is higher than motor a little _EHave superiority especially.Clutch torque M _KCan be than the torque M of internal-combustion engine _BLittle.

Claims

1. method that the Motor Vehicle starting period is controlled, described Motor Vehicle is driven by internal-combustion engine (12), internal-combustion engine (12) starts by at least one motor (16), described motor can be used as a motor, and preferably, in the driving system (11) between internal-combustion engine (12) and motor (16) automatic clutch (50) is arranged, it is characterized in that: internal-combustion engine (12) during the starting process of motor (16) at clutch (50,50a) under the Bi He situation by motor driving, the clutch capacity (M of clutch _k) limit the parameter minimizing according at least one at least, described qualification parametric optimization ground is the engine speed of internal-combustion engine (12), the electromotor velocity of motor (16), the starting time of process, torque of motor (16) or the like, and preferably, clutch (50) is opened.

2. a method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: clutch capacity (M _k) minimizing start from piston of internal-combustion engine (12) through after the top dead center position.

3. method according to claim 1 and 2, internal-combustion engine (12) has a position transducer of the position that is used for detecting bent axle, motor (16) has the device that is used for accurately measuring rotary angle position, it is characterized in that: when clutch (50) is closed fully and under the situation of crankshaft speed above a predetermined minimum speed, at position transducer be used for accurately measuring between the device of rotary angle position of motor (16) and carry out one synchronously, the latter and position transducer are adapted.

4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: after synchronized process, measure a top dead center position of internal-combustion engine (12) on the basis of the position of motor (16).

5. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the drag torque (Ms) of internal-combustion engine (12) is followed in the torque of motor (16), and the top dead center position of internal-combustion engine (12) derives from the torque (M of motor (16) _E) level.

6. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 5, the driving that at least one convertible clutch (50a) additionally is installed between internal-combustion engine (12) and the motor (16) is in (11), it is characterized in that: before starting period, all clutches in the driving system (11) between internal-combustion engine (12) and motor (16) (50, all be closed 50a).

7. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 6, has a convertible clutch (50a) at least in the driving system (11) between motor (16) and driving wheel (34), it is characterized in that: before starting period began, the convertible clutch (50b) in the driving system between motor (16) and driving wheel (34) was opened.

8. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 7, and it is characterized in that: described motor (16) is with the torque actuated internal-combustion engine (12) of maximum.

9. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 8, and it is characterized in that: the injection process of internal-combustion engine (12) begins after clutch (50) partially opens at least.

10. method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: when the injection process began, the engine speed of internal-combustion engine was than a big at least 100min of critical velocity that can start process reliably ^-1

11. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that: after clutch (50) was opened, the driving of motor (16) stopped or of short duration counter-rotating.

12. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 11, has an automatic transmission (14), it is characterized in that: after clutch (50) is opened, automatic transmission (14) or the driving that links to each other with automatic transmission (14) are that the part of (11) is braked, and preferably apply a retarding torque by motor (16).

13. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that: when described automatic transmission (14) is paused, a gear engagement.

14. the device of a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with an internal-combustion engine (12), at least one automatic clutch (50) at least one motor (16) and the system of the driving between internal-combustion engine (12) and motor (16), this device is arranged to trigger motor (16), so that from static acceleration internal-combustion engine (12), and further be arranged to trigger automatic clutch, it is characterized in that: during the starting process by motor (16) cranking internal combustion engine (12), described device limits the clutch capacity (M that parameter reduces automatic clutch (50) according at least one _k), described qualification parametric optimization ground is electromotor velocity, the time of engine speed, the motor (16) of internal-combustion engine (12), torque (ME) of motor (16) or the like, preferably opens clutch.

15. a device according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described device is along with clutch capacity (M _k) begin to start through the reduction after the top dead center position at piston.

16. Motor Vehicle, comprise the preferred automatic clutch (50) in an internal-combustion engine (12) and a motor (16) and one the driving system (11) between internal-combustion engine (12) and motor (16), and according to claim 14 or 15 control gear that are used to control starting period that are provided with.

17. a Motor Vehicle according to claim 16 is characterized in that: described motor (16) is set up all-in-one-piece or band transmission type starter generator.

18. one kind according to claim 16 or 17 described Motor Vehicle, it is characterized in that: the device of control starting period links to each other with the device of the position transducer that is used to detect crank position with the rotary angle position that is used for accurately measuring motor (16) simultaneously.

19. the method for a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle has a drive system that comprises an internal-combustion engine and at least one motor, described motor and internal-combustion engine and/or the output shaft that drives system can link to each other, and it is characterized in that: motor is by this way an impulse starting process manipulate that takes place via driving wheel: the drag torque of internal-combustion engine to small part is compensated or is reduced to small part.

20. a method according to claim 19 is characterized in that: motor is accurately operated in company with the drag torque of internal-combustion engine.

21. a method according to claim 19 is characterized in that: described motor is operated with a torque littler than the drag torque of internal-combustion engine, preferably, operates with approximately suitable with average drag torque such torque.

22. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 19 to 21, and an automatic clutch is set between internal-combustion engine and motor, it is characterized in that: the clutch capacity of clutch and the torque of motor adapt.

23. a method according to claim 22 is characterized in that: when the drag torque of internal-combustion engine was in torque peak, the slip of described torque peak by clutch cushioned via the clutch capacity of clutch.

24. the device of a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with a drive system (10), this drive system has an internal-combustion engine (12) and at least one motor (16), described motor (16) can link to each other with the output shaft (32) of internal-combustion engine (12) and/or driving system (11), and described device is configured to a specific torque (M _E) operate described motor (16), it is characterized in that: described device can make the torque (M of motor (16) during an impulse starting process via described driving wheel _E), follow the drag torque (M of internal-combustion engine at least in part _S).

25. the device of a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with a drive system (10), this drive system has an internal-combustion engine (12) and at least one motor (16), described motor (16) can link to each other with the output shaft (32) of internal-combustion engine (12) and/or driving system (11), and described device is configured to a specific torque (M _E) operate described motor (16), it is characterized in that: described device during the impulse starting process the torque (M of motor (16) _E) being set to a value, this is worth the average drag torque (M with internal-combustion engine (12) _S) about the same.

26. a device according to claim 24, described device are set to control the clutch torque (M of an automatic clutch (50) _K), described automatic clutch is arranged in the driving system (10) between internal-combustion engine (12) and the motor (16), and it is characterized in that: described device is clutch torque (M _K) adjust to the torque (M that adapts to motor _E).

27. a Motor Vehicle has: an internal-combustion engine (12), at least one motor (16) and at least one are used to control the control gear of starting period, and this device is provided with according to one of claim 24 to 26.

28. a Motor Vehicle according to claim 27 is characterized in that: the driving that an automatic clutch (50) is arranged between internal-combustion engine (12) and the motor (16) is in (11).

29. one kind according to claim 27 or 28 described Motor Vehicle, it is characterized in that: described motor (16) is set to a starter generator.

30. the method for a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is by an internal combustion engine drive, and comprise an automatic clutch, internal-combustion engine at first by a starter motor from static acceleration, the engagement process of clutch can start since a predetermined critical speed, so that begin described starting period, and the time of injection process after the synchronous time, it is characterized in that: the time of beginning clutches engaged process was in before described lock in time.

31. a method according to claim 30 is characterized in that: the terminating in after described lock in time of clutches engaged process.

32. one kind according to claim 30 or 31 described methods, it is characterized in that: described clutch is when starting period begins, just open in the internal-combustion engine quiescent period.

33. one kind according to claim 30 or 31 described methods, it is characterized in that: described clutch when starting period begins, just when internal-combustion engine is begun to quicken by starter motor, be closed, and the speed changer of Motor Vehicle is in neutral, so clutch is opened at very first time point, so a gear meshes at second time point, so the engagement process of clutch begins and the time point of injection process after lock in time begins at the 3rd time point.

34. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 30 to 33, it is characterized in that: on the time point that the injection process begins, engine speed is than a big at least 100min of critical velocity that can start process reliably ^-1

35. the device of a controller motor-car starting period, described Motor Vehicle is equipped with an internal-combustion engine (101) and an automatic clutch (102), described device is provided to trigger a starter motor (109), so that from the described internal-combustion engine of static acceleration (101), and described device is provided to begin a preset engine speed engagement process of clutch (102), so as to begin described starting period and one lock in time (t _Sync) after a time (t _s) begin the injection process, it is characterized in that: described device determines that the beginning of engagement time of clutch (102) is prior to described lock in time of (t _Sync).

36. a device according to claim 35 is characterized in that: the end of engagement process is determined to be in described lock in time of (t _Sync) afterwards.

37. one kind according to claim 35 or 36 described devices, it is characterized in that: it keeps described clutch (102) originally to open, and just opens when internal-combustion engine is static.

38. one kind according to claim 35 or 36 described devices, it is characterized in that: it keeps described clutch (102) closure when starting period begins, closure by the acceleration of starter motor (109) beginning internal-combustion engine (101) time just, and the speed changer of Motor Vehicle (103) is in neutral, so clutch (102) is at very first time point (t ₁) open, at the second time point (t ₂) gear engagement, at the 3rd time point (t _Es) the engagement process of clutch (102) begins, then the injection process one lock in time (t _Sync) or begin afterwards.

39. one kind has the Motor Vehicle that an internal-combustion engine, an automatic clutch (102) and are used to control the control gear of starting period, described control gear is provided with according to one of claim 35 to 38.

40. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of claim 39, it is characterized in that: the starter motor of described internal-combustion engine (101) is set to an integral type starter generator (109).

41. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of claim 39, it is characterized in that: the starter motor of described internal-combustion engine (101) is set to a band transmission type starter generator (109).

42. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of one of claim 39 to 41, it is characterized in that: the device that is used to control described starting period links to each other with a crankshaft sensor with a camshaft-signal sensor simultaneously.

43. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of one of claim 39 to 42, it is characterized in that: the speed changer of described Motor Vehicle (103) is set to an automatic transmission.

44. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of claim 43, it is characterized in that: described speed changer (103) is set to a continuously variable transmission.

45. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of claim 43, it is characterized in that: described speed changer (103) is set to a dual-clutch transmission.

46. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of claim 43, it is characterized in that: described speed changer (103) is set to the speed changer (CVT) of a continuous variable.

47. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of one of claim 39 to 46, it is characterized in that: described Motor Vehicle is equipped with an automatic parking brake, and the control of itself and described starting period is coupled.

48. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of one of claim 39 to 47, it is characterized in that; The device that is used to control starting period links to each other with an inclination sensor, and this inclination sensor is used to detect vehicle tilt condition longitudinally.

49. one kind according to the described Motor Vehicle of one of claim 39 to 48, it is characterized in that: provide one to play one and stop automatic system.

50. method of starting vehicle internal combustion engine, the bent axle of internal-combustion engine is connected to the driving that comprises a speed changer by at least one separable clutch and fastens, described driving is to comprise at least one motor, preferably, take the bent axle of internal-combustion engine to a predetermined start rotational position by described motor in the starting preparatory stage, the angle speed of bent axle and angular orientation are measured by a vehicle speed sensor in operating process, it is characterized in that: a device that is used for accurately measuring the rotary angle position of motor is provided, described velocity transducer and being used for is accurately measured carrying out synchronously between the device of motor rotary angle position when clutch closure and crankshaft speed are on a predetermined minimum speed, described device is adjusted to adapts to described velocity transducer, behind synchronized process, check and control the setting of initial rotational position by the device that is used to measure the motor rotary angle position.

51. one kind according to the described method of claim 50, it is characterized in that: the device that is used to measure described rotary angle position is formed by a position transducer of described motor.

52. one kind according to the described method of claim 50, it is characterized in that: the device that is used to measure described rotary angle position is formed by a no Sensor Process.

53. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 50 to 52, it is characterized in that: described bent axle is by described motor driving, so that be in described initial position.

54. one kind according to the described method of one of claim 50 to 52, it is characterized in that: described bent axle is braked, so that be in described initial position, preferably, by described motor braking.

55. starting arrangement that is used to carry out according to the described method of one of claim 50 to 54, the bent axle (202) of internal-combustion engine (201) is connected to one via a separable clutch (203) and comprises that the driving of a speed changer (205) is (204), described driving is to comprise at least one motor (206), polyphase machine preferably, has a velocity transducer (208) that is used to measure crankshaft speed, it is characterized in that: motor (206) is equipped with a device that is used to measure described rotary angle position, under the situation of bent axle (202) rotation and clutch (203) closure, the device that is used to measure the rotary angle position of motor (206) can be synchronous with velocity transducer (208), and under a starting preparatory stage bent axle (202) can the supervision at the device of the rotary angle position that is used to measure described motor (206), taken to a predetermined initial rotational position by described motor.

56. one kind according to the described device of claim 55, it is characterized in that: the device that is used to measure described rotary angle position is formed by the position transducer (209) of described motor (206).

57. one kind according to the described device of claim 55, it is characterized in that: the device that is used to measure described rotary angle position is formed by a no Sensor Process.

58. method that reduces the speed changer noise of vehicle drive train, wherein, be provided with the internal-combustion engine and the motor that act on a live axle, this motor is connected with live axle by a cross box, also has an actuatable clutch that is arranged between internal-combustion engine and the cross box, it is characterized in that: according to the state of cross box, just stretch or axial load, control torque in the described driving system in this wise by the interaction effect of convertible clutch: promptly suppress to drive vibration.

59. one kind according to the described method of claim 58, it is characterized in that: described clutch is operated with a clutch torque, and described clutch torque is littler than the torque peak of the driving torque of the circular wave of internal-combustion engine.

60. one kind according to claim 58 or 59 described methods, it is characterized in that: described clutch capacity is directed to the average torque that is higher than motor a little.