CN1985176A - Exhaust-gas turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) for an internal combustion engine, said turbocharger comprising a device (26) for detecting the speed of the turbocharger shaft (5). The device (26) for detecting the speed comprises an element (21) for varying a magnetic field, which is located on and/or in the end (10) of the turbocharger shaft (5) that is on the compressor side, said variation of the magnetic field (25) taking place in accordance with the rotation of the turbocharger shaft (5). A sensor element (19) is provided in the vicinity of the element (21) for varying the magnetic field (25), said sensor element detecting the variation in the magnetic field and converting it into electric signals that can be evaluated.

Description

Exhaust turbocharger

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of exhaust turbocharger that is used for internal combustion engine, it has compressor and turbine, wherein, compressor impeller rotatably is set in compressor and turbine wheel rotatably is set in turbine, and compressor impeller mechanically is connected with turbine wheel by the turboshaft of rotatable setting, and wherein exhaust turbocharger has the device that is used to detect the turboshaft rotating speed.

Background technology

The power that is produced by internal combustion engine depends on air quality (air mass) and corresponding fuel quantity, and this fuel quantity can use for the burning of machine.If want to improve the power of internal combustion engine, then must more combustion air of supply and more fuel.The raising of power realizes by increase displacement or raising rotating speed in B type engine.But, increase displacement and cause heavier, large-sized and expensive internal combustion engine basically.Particularly when bigger internal combustion engine, the raising of rotating speed brings sizable problem and shortcoming, and the raising of rotating speed is for the former of technology thereby be restricted.

The solution commonly used that is used to improve the power of internal combustion engine is supercharging.This supercharging is described to, by exhaust turbocharger or by means of coming the precompression combustion air by the engine mechanical compressor driven.Exhaust turbocharger is made up of turbocompressor and turbine basically, and they are with total axle connection and with identical rotating speed rotation.Turbine is converted into also drive compression machine of rotation with the inoperative useless energy of waste gas usually.Compressor suction fresh air and the air that has compressed to each cylinder conveying of engine.Bigger air capacity in cylinder can be supplied the fuel quantity of raising, whereby, and the power that explosive motor output is bigger.In addition, combustion process is subjected to favorable influence, thereby makes explosive motor reach better total efficiency.In addition, utilize turbocharger to come the torque characteristics of the internal combustion engine of supercharging to design highly beneficially.Serial B type engine in the vehicle manufacturers hand can obtain basic optimization by exhaust turbocharger is installed, and can interference in the big design not arranged to internal combustion engine.Usually, the internal combustion engine of supercharging has a spot of especially fuel consumption, and has very a spot of discharge of poisonous waste.In addition, turbine engine is quieter than the B type engine of equal-wattage usually, and therefore, exhaust turbocharger itself plays the effect as additional sound suppressor.In internal combustion engine, for example be used for internal combustion engine higher boost pressure of needs when hanging down engine speed of passenger vehicle with big working speed scope.For this reason, in this turbocharger, introduce boost pressure variable valve, promptly so-called exhaust pressure relief valve.When hanging down engine speed, set up high boost pressure apace by selecting corresponding turbine cylinder.Then, boost pressure variable valve (exhaust pressure relief valve) is limited to boost pressure on the value that keeps identical when engine speed improves.Alternatively, use turbocharger with variable turbine geometry (VTG).

When exhausted air quantity increases, can exceed the maximum permissible speed of the association that constitutes by turbine wheel and turboshaft, this association also can be expressed as the turbine disk (Laufzeug) of turbocharger.If the rotating speed of the turbine disk exceeds this permission rotating speed, perhaps this turbine disk can damage so, and this fully damages turbocharger in fact.Especially modern and little turbocharging chance with obviously less turbine wheel diameter and supercharger impeller diameter runs into the problem of the maximum speed that exceeds permission, makes this turbocharger have the angular acceleration performance of improvement by minimum moment of inertia.Based on the design of turbocharger, exceed the injury fully that about 5% rotating speed boundary will cause turbocharger.

It is effectively that the boost pressure variable valve is proved to be for the restriction rotating speed, and according to prior art, this boost pressure variable valve generates signal by the boost pressure that produces and controls.If boost pressure exceeds preset threshold value, the boost pressure variable valve will be opened so, thereby make the exhaust mass stream of a part get around turbine.Because the minimizing of mass flow, this turbine consumes the power of a little, and compressor horsepower will be reduced to identical degree.The rotating speed of boost pressure and turbine wheel and compressor impeller all is lowered.Yet such adjusting is too late comparatively speaking blunt, because time-delay can appear in the pressure formation when the rotating speed of the turbine disk exceeds.Therefore, the rotational speed regulation that is used for turbocharger must be utilized the boost pressure monitoring (load conversion) in high dynamic area to reduce by the corresponding boost pressure that shifts to an earlier date to intervene, and this causes the loss of efficient.

On compressor impeller or turbine wheel, the direct detection of rotating speed is difficult to realize because for example turbine wheel can bear unusual high thermal load (until 1000 ℃), this overslaugh on turbine, carry out tachometric survey with traditional method.Propose in the open file by acam-messelektronic GmbH in April calendar year 2001, measure the compressor blade pulse, and come to determine the rotating speed of compressor impeller by this way with vortex principle.This method not only complexity but also costliness, because at least one eddy current sensor will be integrated in the housing of compressor, and perhaps this is suitable difficulty owing to the reason of pinpoint accuracy, the parts of turbocharger are with the high precision manufacturing.In addition, accurate integrated the produced sealing problem of eddy current sensor in compressor housing, because the high heat load of turbocharger, this problem only can overcome by the modification to the complexity of the design of turbocharger.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of exhaust turbocharger that is used for internal combustion engine is proposed, can be simply in this exhaust turbocharger and the rotating speed that detects rotary part (turbine wheel, compressor impeller, turboshaft) with the rational cost and the means of structurally the structure of turbocharger not being made amendment basically.

This purpose realizes like this according to the present invention, the device that promptly is used for detecting rotating speed on the end of the compressor side of turboshaft and/or the end have the parts that are used to change magnetic field, wherein, magnetic field changes according to the rotation of turboshaft, and near being used to change the parts in magnetic field, sensor element is set, it detects the variation in magnetic field, and is converted into appreciable electric signal.

It is favourable in the end of the compressor side of turboshaft parts being set, and these parts have low relatively thermal load in the zone of turbocharger, because this zone is away from the waste gas stream of heat, and should cool off by fresh air stream in the zone.In addition, the end of the compressor side of turboshaft is convenient to approaching, therefore, here can not make amendment or only carry out the structure of compressor minimum modification settle can be general sensor element, as Hall element parts, magnetoresistive transducer parts or inductosyn parts, this has realized that in turbocharger cheap rotating speed detects.The signal that produces by sensor element can reach very fast controls the boost pressure valve exactly, perhaps changes the turbine geometry of VTG supercharger, exceeds with the rotating speed of avoiding the turbine disk.Therefore, turbocharger can be in close proximity to its rotating speed boundary operation, and thus, this turbocharger reaches its maximal efficiency.As being unnecessary by the safe distance in the pressure controlled turbocharger with respect to the maximum (top) speed boundary.

In first improvement project, sensor element is designed to the Hall element parts.The Hall element parts are particularly well adapted for detecting the variation in magnetic field, therefore can perform well in detecting rotating speed.The Hall element parts can buy commercial with being dirt cheap, and it also can use in about 160 ℃ temperature.

Alternatively, sensor element is designed to magnetic resistance (MR) sensor element.The MR sensor element itself is well suited for detecting the variation in magnetic field, and can be at an easy rate in commercial purchase.

In the optional design proposal of the next one, sensor element is designed to the inductosyn parts.The inductosyn parts also are very suitable for detecting the variation in magnetic field.

In next design proposal, sensor element is arranged in the axially-extending line of turboshaft.When sensor element was provided with in this wise, the air-flow of the air intake opening of compressor is only a spot of to be stopped by sensor element.Thus, the efficient of turbocompressor keeps constant fully.

Alternatively, sensor element is provided with adjacent to the end of the compressor side of turboshaft.In this design proposal, can detect the variation in the magnetic field that produces by clavate magnet particularly well, this clavate magnet is arranged in the end of compressor side of turboshaft, because the magnetic pole of clavate magnet one after the other passes through sensor element.

In design proposal of the present invention, sensor element is integrated in the sensor, and this sensor is connected with adapter by the spacing piece, and wherein adapter can be installed on the air intake opening of compressor housing.By using adapter, do not need to change the structure of compressor housing, thereby the rotating speed that is implemented in the turbocharger detects.In view of the structure of the complexity of compressor housing, this has conclusive advantage especially.

Alternatively, sensor element is integrated in the sensor, and itself and spacing piece form the plug-in type finger piece jointly, and it can be inserted in the air intake opening by the recess in the compressor housing.This plug-in type finger piece forms very compact parts, and it has only reduced the xsect of air intake opening in a little ground.This plug-in type finger piece can be installed in the recess that designs in compressor housing simply, and importantly this is huge advantage when sensor element is assemblied in the turbocompressor.

According to next optional embodiment, sensor element is integrated in the sensor, and this sensor can be placed on the outer wall of compressor housing in the zone of air intake opening.In this embodiment, must not make amendment on the compressor housing or in the air intake opening at turbocharger.It is constant fully that the xsect of air intake opening can keep, and can not cause compressor to pass through the undesirable influence to airflow of sensor element or sensor before.For example, when turboshaft rotates, being arranged in the sensor element on the outer wall of compressor housing than strong magnet of being provided with in the end of compressor side produces the enough strong variation in magnetic field, thereby can produce the electric signal corresponding to the turboshaft rotating speed in this sensor.

In next embodiment, the Component Design that is used to change magnetic field is a clavate magnet.Clavate magnet that together rotate with turboshaft, perfact polarization in its circumference, produce can fine measurement change magnetic field, whereby, the rotating speed of turboshaft, compressor impeller and turbine wheel can detect well.

Alternatively, be used to change the form of the Component Design in magnetic field for two magnetic dipoles, wherein the north pole face of first dipole is to the South Pole of second dipole.Two magnetic dipoles have satisfied with clavate magnet identical functions, yet it will be lighter than clavate magnet, and this also is very favourable.

In next optional embodiment, be used to change the nut of Component Design for constituting in magnetic field by ferromagnetic material.The turbine disk (turboshaft and turbine wheel) will be connected with compressor impeller by means of nut in a word.When this nut was made of ferromagnetic material, based on its geometric configuration, this nut can change magnetic field when rotating in magnetic field.By this embodiment, in any case realized the variation in magnetic field by the parts that all will in turbocompressor, exist.

If nut is by permanent magnetization, it produces magnetic field simultaneously so, and this magnetic field changes when this nut rotates in sensor element.The parts of this multi-functional are considered to very favourable based on cost factor.

In next design proposal of the present invention, the Component Design that is used for changing magnetic field is the groove of end of the compressor side of turboshaft.Can change the magnetic field that provides by the outside effectively by the groove in the ferromagnetic material.The groove that magnetic flux is rotated in magnetic field correspondingly conducts.This simple and cheap mode is convenient to the variation in magnetic field in the survey sensor parts effectively.

In improvement project of the present invention, be arranged in such a way at least one flux concentration body (Flussleitkoerper), promptly this flux concentration body is collected the magnetic flux in magnetic field and is conducted to sensor element.Under the situation that uses the flux concentration body, sensor element also can be away from the parts setting that is used to change magnetic field relatively.By the flux concentration body, enough strong magnetic flux is passed sensor element by conduction, thereby forms the electric signal that can effectively utilize in sensor.Being used to change 2 to 10cm between the parts in magnetic field and the sensor element can overcome like a cork by the flux concentration body at interval.Thereby in having the big turbocharger of large tracts of land air intake opening, sensor element also can be arranged on the outside of compressor housing, and this is particularly advantageous, because in this is provided with, sensor can be changed under the situation of maintenance easily.

In next improvement project, the parts and the sensor element that are used to change magnetic field are all surrounded by magnetic shielding part, and this shield member is parts and the outside disturbing magnetic field of sensor element shielding that is used to change magnetic field.The outside magnetic field that produces of turbocompressor causes the tachometric survey of the mistake in the turbocompressor.Magnetic shielding part is away from disturbing magnetic field to be used to change the parts and the sensor element in magnetic field, has guaranteed free from error measurement thus.

In addition, when the parts that are used to change magnetic field, sensor element and flux concentration body are all surrounded by magnetic shielding part, this shield member is that this is favourable when being used to change the outside disturbing magnetic field of the parts in magnetic field and sensor element and the shielding of flux concentration body.Disturbing magnetic field also can spread in the flux concentration body, and this also stops by shield member.

In a design proposal, the part of compressor housing is designed to magnetic shielding part.Compressor housing has been born another function in this kind mode, and this provides cost savings, material and weight.When the part of flux concentration body is designed to magnetic shielding part, also has identical advantage.In both of these case, all simplified the manufacturing of system significantly.

In next improvement project, sensor element and/or flux concentration body are integrated in the fixed system that is used for suction hose.Fixed system can for example be designed to hose clamp.When fixed system held sensor element and/during the flux concentration body, these parts are very easy to assembling.In addition, this improvement project provides cost savings and installing space.

When flux concentration body and/or magnetic shielding part and/or sensor element and/or magnetic field sensor and/or connector shell and/or fixed system were all sealed by the plastic pressure injection moulding whole or in part, this also was favourable.Advantage in the acquisition production, and pressure injection-moulded parts is thus protected effectively, to avoid the influence of external environment condition.

Description of drawings

Embodiments of the invention will be schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings.Shown in the figure:

Fig. 1: traditional exhaust turbocharger,

Fig. 2: turbine wheel, turboshaft and compressor impeller,

Fig. 3: have the compressor of air intake opening and exhausr port,

Fig. 4: the partial section of the compressor shown in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5: adapter,

The detailed view of the adapter of Fig. 6: Fig. 5,

Fig. 7: the improved supporting of magnetic field sensor,

Fig. 8: by the partial section of the known adapter of Fig. 7,

Fig. 9: another possible embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 10: the compressor that is connected with the adapter of bending,

Figure 11: another embodiment,

The illustrated partial section of Figure 12: Figure 11,

Figure 13-15: the illustrative diagram of measuring principle,

Figure 16-19: be used to change the different embodiment of the parts in magnetic field,

Figure 20 a: the signal occurring principle,

Figure 20 b: the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 20 a,

Figure 21 a: another signal occurring principle,

Figure 21 b: the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 21 a,

Figure 22 a: the 3rd signal occurring principle,

Figure 22 b: the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 22 a,

Figure 23: another embodiment,

Figure 24 a: sensor element is integrated into the embodiment in the compressor housing,

Figure 24 b: the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 24 a,

Figure 25: sensor element is installed to the embodiment on the outer wall of compressor housing,

Figure 26: the embodiment that sensor element is connected with fixed system,

Figure 27 a is to d: the different embodiment of flux concentration body.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows the conventional turbine supercharger 1 with turbine 2 and compressor 3.Compressor impeller 9 is arranged on rotationally in the compressor 3 and with turboshaft 5 and is connected.Turboshaft 5 also is provided with rotationally and is connected with turbine wheel 4 with its other end.Come the hot waste gas of comfortable this unshowned internal combustion engine to enter into turbine 2 by turbine air intake opening 7, wherein turbine wheel 4 is rotated.Waste gas stream is discharged from turbine 2 by exhausr port 8.Turbine wheel 4 is connected with compressor impeller 9 by turboshaft 5.Turbine 2 is drive compression machine 3 whereby.Air sucks in compressor 3 and compression by air intake opening 24, and is transported to internal combustion engine by exhausr port 6.

Fig. 2 shows turbine wheel 4, turboshaft 5 and compressor impeller 9.Turbine wheel 4 is made of resistant to elevated temperatures austenitic compound usually, and it also is applicable to high temperature when turbocharger is used in gasoline engine.This turbo blade is with the hot investment casting manufactured and for example be connected with turboshaft 5 by the friction welding (FW) connection, and this turboshaft is made of the steel of high quenching usually.The association that is made of turbine wheel 4 and turboshaft 5 is also referred to as the rotor or the turbine disk.Compressor impeller 9 is for example made by aluminium alloy with microcast process equally.Compressor impeller 9 utilizes fixed part 11 to be fixed on the end 10 of compressor side of turboshaft 5 usually.This fixed part 11 can for example be an acorn nut 27, and its compressor impeller 9 that will have sealing bush, neck collar and dividing bush compresses regularly to the turboshaft axle collar.Thereby the turbine disk and compressor impeller 9 form fixing unit.Because compressor impeller 9 is made of aluminium alloy usually, therefore, here by determining that based on the measurement that changes magnetic field the rotating speed of compressor impeller is problematic.

Fig. 3 shows the compressor 3 with air intake opening 24 and exhausr port 6.Adapter 12 is arranged on the air intake opening 24, and it for example is connected with compressor housing 17 by bolt 18.Be integrated with connector shell in adapter 12, itself and sensor element 19 form magnetic field sensor 14.The signal that is detected by magnetic field sensor 14 can flow to follow-up electronic equipment by the connection pin 15 that is arranged in the connector shell 13.

Fig. 4 shows the partial section of compressor shown in Figure 33.Can see compressor housing 17 once more, it is connected with adapter 12 by means of bolt 18.The compressor housing 17 of intercepting exposes compressor impeller 9 and turboshaft 5.On the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5, can identify the device 26 of the rotating speed that is used to detect turboshaft 5.This device will be described in detail in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 shows adapter 12 once more, and it is connected with compressor housing 17 by bolt 18.The partial section of passing adapter 12 interceptings illustrates magnetic field sensor 14 now, and it comprises sensor element 19 and magnet 20 in this embodiment.Magnet 20 not only can design as electromagnet and also can design as permanent magnet.Constantly pass sensor element 19 and arrive the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field by the magnetic field that magnet 20 produces.The parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field are integrated into the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.In this embodiment, be used for changing of the groove realization of the parts 21 in magnetic field as the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Because the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5 is made of permeability magnetic material (ferromagnetic material/soft magnetic material), so the magnetic field that is produced by magnet 20 changes constantly by groove when turboshaft 5 rotates, and the variation in the magnetic field that is produced by the rotation of turboshaft 5 is detected and is converted into appreciable electric signal by sensor element 19.In addition, sensor element 19 be arranged on the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field near." nearby " mean the position that is related to sensor element 19, sensor element can detect the variation in the magnetic field that is produced by the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field well in this position, so that produce the electric signal that can measure (electronic noise that surpasses sensor element significantly) well.The electric signal of this rotating speed that depends on turboshaft 5 that produces in sensor element 19 will be sent to connection pin 15 in the connector shell 13 by electrical lead 29.Thus, the electric signal of the rotating speed of the corresponding turboshaft 5 that is produced by sensor element 19 can be handled by ensuing motor vehicle electronic equipment.

Describe in detail once more in Fig. 6 by the adapter 12 that Fig. 5 is known.In respective embodiments, can identify well, in magnetic field sensor 14, be provided with magnet 20 and sensor element 19.In addition, magnetic field sensor 14 comprises electrical lead 29 and spacing piece 22, and when adapter 12 was connected with compressor housing 17, this spacing piece accurately was arranged on sensor element 19 front or the next door of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field.Connector shell 13 holds connection pin 15 and is connected with adapter 12 simultaneously.In addition, magnet sensor 14 and adapter for example can be made integratedly to spray injection moulding.The electric signal that is produced by sensor element 19 offers ensuing assessment electronics by connecting pin 15.Spacing piece 22 keeps narrowly relatively, therefore only reduces the xsect of the air intake opening 24 of compressor 3 slightly.

Fig. 7 shows the improved supporting to magnetic field sensor 14.Except spacing piece 22, also designed at least one web 23 in order to support magnetic field sensor 14 here.Web 23 only reduces the xsect of the air intake opening 24 of compressor 3 slightly, but helps to improve the structural stability of adapter 12 and magnetic field sensor 14.Web 23 also can form simply jointly with above-mentioned injection injection moulding.When strong vibration, magnetic field sensor 14 must accurately remain on the opposite of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field, and this guarantees by web 23.

Fig. 8 shows the partial section by the adapter known to Fig. 7 12., can clearly identify web 23 here, it is used for accurately supporting magnetic field sensor 14.For adapter seal 12 is provided with seal 16 to the link position of compressor housing 17, it can identification well in Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 shows another possible embodiment of the present invention, also can identify the adapter 12 with magnetic field sensor 14 here.Yet, sensor element 19 be arranged on now the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field near.Produced the variation in magnetic field now by fixed part 11, this fixed part for example can be designed as the nut of being made by ferromagnetic material.This fixed part 11 has satisfied dual function at present, because it can be used for being connected of compressor impeller 9 and turboshaft 5, and can be used to change magnetic field by its setting on the end of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Magnetic field to be changed is produced by magnet 20, and this magnet is integrated in the magnetic field sensor 14.In addition, can identify sensor element 19, it detects the variation in magnetic field and is converted into electric signal.

The huge advantage of the detection of turbine 5 rotating speeds on the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5 is temperature of here controlling.Exhaust turbocharger 1 is the parts that bear high temperature, and the temperature in these parts can reach 1000 ℃.Sensor element 19 known to the utilization for example can not be measured under this temperature as Hall element or magnetoresistive transducer.On the end 10 of the compressor side of turbine 5, in fact obtained the thermal load that reduces.In the air intake opening 24 of compressor 3, in continuous firing, occur about 140 ℃ temperature usually, 160 ℃ to 170 ℃ temperature after peak load, occurs.By in cold suction airflow magnetic field sensor 14 being set, its thermal load has been compared with other position that is installed to exhaust turbocharger significantly and has been descended.

Figure 10 shows the compressor 3 that is connected with crooked adapter 12.Here, magnetic field sensor 14 also is arranged on the front of end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Spacing piece 22 extends with the imaginary bearing of trend of turboshaft 5 now.Connector shell 13 is in the end of spacing piece 22.Can identify electrical lead 29 in spacing piece 22, it will be sent to connector shell 13 by the electric signal that sensor element 19 produces, and send the connection pin 15 that is positioned at wherein to.Then, when less installing space only being arranged for use, when the pipeline that is used to suck air based on this reason must be arranged on the turbocompressor 1 hermetically, can at first advantageously use crooked adapter 12 at nacelle.Also can identify web 23 in Figure 10, it has guaranteed the supporting that accurately reaches fewer vibrations of magnetic field sensor 14.By web 23 and spacing piece 22, the xsect of the air intake opening 24 of turbocompressor 1 only reduces minimum size, can reckon with that thus exhaust turbocharger 1 does not have power loss at all.

Figure 11 shows another embodiment, and in this embodiment, magnetic field sensor 14 fixes by the tripod that web 23 forms.Can clearly identify, three webs 23 and spacing piece 22 are only with the xsect of small size impact to air intake opening 24.Yet the design proposal by web 23 has guaranteed the accurate location of magnetic field sensor 14 of front of end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.In addition, web 23 has prevented magnetic field sensor 14 moving with respect to the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.

Figure 12 shows the illustrated partial section of Figure 11.Can clearly identify in Figure 12, magnetic field sensor 14 is arranged on the front of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field.In this embodiment, produce magnetic fields by the magnet 20 that is placed in the magnetic field sensor 14, wherein the magnetic field parts 21 that pass sensor element 19 conduction and be used to change magnetic field when turboshaft 5 rotates change.Magnetic field changes corresponding to the rotating speed of turboshaft 5, and detects and be converted into electric signal by sensor element 19.Electric signal is by connection pin 15 conduction of the lead in the spacing piece 22 in connector shell 13, and here this signal will offer the ensuing motor vehicle electronic equipment use that is used to assess.Web 23 remains on magnetic field sensor 14 in the position of expection regularly.

The synoptic diagram of measuring principle has been shown in Figure 13 to 15.

In Figure 13, magnet 20 is formed in the end 10 of compressor side of turboshaft 5, and this magnet uses as the parts 21 that change magnetic field.When turboshaft 5 rotates and mM disodium hydrogen phosphate 25 when being detected, obtain the variation in magnetic field in sensor element 19.The magnetic field sensor 14 that has sensor element 19, the lead in spacing piece 22 29 and be connected pin 15 is designed to plug-in type finger piece 28 here, its wall that only passes compressor housing 17 inserts, and it is fixing there, magnetic field sensor 14 has represented the embodiment of a very cheap for the user magnetic field sensor 14 as the design proposal of plug-in type finger piece 28, because, for the magnetic field sensor 14 that is used to measure rotating speed is installed, only need on existing turbocharger series, do very little change.

Figure 14 shows and similar structure shown in Figure 13, and wherein compressor housing 17 has crooked air intake opening 24 now.Here, magnetic field sensor 14 also is designed to plug-in type finger piece 28, and it is along the virtual extended line setting of turboshaft 5.By means of the line of force magnetic field 25 is shown in (as also in more aforesaid accompanying drawings) among Figure 14, sensor element 19 is passed in this magnetic field, and the change when turboshaft 5 rotates of its field intensity, whereby, form electric signal in sensor element 19, this electric signal is corresponding to the rotating speed of turboshaft 5.This electric signal is transferred to by lead 29 and connects pin 15.

Figure 15 shows a structure, magnetic field sensor 14 also is designed to plug-in type finger piece 28 in this structure, yet its such design, promptly sensor element 19 laterally approaches the end 10 that is used to change the parts 21 in magnetic field and is fixed on the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Here, the line of force in magnetic field 25 also extends through sensor element 19, and wherein when turboshaft 5 rotated, the field strength in sensor element 19 changed, and the signal of the rotating speed of corresponding turboshaft 5 produces in sensor element 19.

Figure 16 to 19 shows the different embodiment of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25.In these illustrated each embodiment, the parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field 25 all are arranged on the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.

In Figure 16, the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25 are designed to the form of two permanent magnets 20.Permanent magnet 20 is provided with like this, and promptly the South Pole S of upper magnets faces the arctic N of below magnet, obtains magnetic field 25 therefrom, and this magnetic field is equivalent to have the magnetic field of the clavate magnet of arctic N and South Pole S.

In Figure 17, be used to change the filler 30 of Component Design for making in magnetic field by permeability magnetic material.Be integrated in to these filler 30 sickleshapeds in the end 10 of compressor side of turboshaft 5.In such design proposal, magnetic field must be produced by the magnet 20 of corresponding arrangement, and this magnet conduction magnetic line of force passes the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Then, when turboshaft 5 rotates, be arranged on the variation that sensor element 19 in the magnetic field detects magnetic field 25.

In Figure 18, the clavate magnet with arctic N and South Pole S is arranged in the end 10 of compressor side of turboshaft 5.This clavate magnet is the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25 simultaneously.When turboshaft 5 rotates, be implemented in the variation in the magnetic field 25 in the sensor element 19 (not shown) at this.

Figure 19 illustrates another embodiment of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25.Here, the parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field 25 are designed to the groove 31 of end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.In addition, the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5 must (for example: soft magnetic bodies) material constitutes by ferromagnet.Similar to Figure 17, magnetic field 25 is produced by magnet 20, and this magnet is arranged on the corresponding outside of end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.Then, when turboshaft 5 rotated, the variation in magnetic field realized by the groove in the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5 31.

The principle that produces signal by the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field has been shown in Figure 20 a in sensor element 19.In this diagram, the parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field are designed at the integrated permanent magnet 20 in the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.The magnetic field that produced by this magnet 20 25 is represented by the line of force.The line of force in magnetic field 25 is passed sensor element 19, and wherein, when turboshaft 5 rotated, the field intensity in magnetic field 25 changed in sensor element 19, promptly produces the electric signal corresponding to turboshaft 5 rotating speeds in sensor 19.This electric signal can offer ensuing motor vehicle electronic equipment by electrical lead 29.

Figure 20 b is the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 20 a.Pass sensor element 19 from the line of force of magnet 20 (being expressed as the parts that are used to change magnetic field 25 here) beginning with high field intensity.If compressor impeller 9 and turboshaft 5 rotations at this moment be used to change the also rotation thereupon of parts 21 in magnetic field 25 so, and sensor element 19 apply more weak field intensity by magnetic field 25.When sensor element 19 for example is designed to Hall element, will change obtaining corresponding electric signal by this field intensity.When sensor element 19 is designed to magnetoresistive transducer, the variation of magnetic field 25 gradients will obtain corresponding electric signal in sensor element 19.All produce the signal corresponding to turboshaft 5 rotating speeds in both of these case, this signal can be correspondingly evaluated.

Figure 21 a shows a design proposal, and in this scheme, the parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field 25 are designed to the filler 30 in the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5, and (for example: soft magnetic bodies) material constitutes this filler by ferromagnet.The magnet 20 that is provided with previously at turboshaft 5 produces magnetic field 25.In magnet 20, be marked with arctic N and South Pole S.Sensor element 19 is passed in magnetic field 25.If at this moment turboshaft 5 rotates, the sickle-shaped filler 30 that is made of ferromagnetic material also rotates thereupon so.The filler 30 that is made of ferromagnetic material is created in the variation in the magnetic field 25 in the sensor element 19.The field intensity that has not only changed magnetic field 25 in the sensor element 19 by the filler 30 that is made of ferromagnetic material has also changed the gradient in magnetic field 25.Thus, not only Hall element but also magnetoresistive transducer all are suitable as the sensor element 19 of the rotating speed that detects turboshaft.At this, Figure 21 b also is the diagram by the known diagram half-twist of Figure 21 a.Can identify the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25, it is designed to the filler 30 in the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5, and this filler is made of ferromagnetic material.Based on the setting of parts 21 on the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5, the rotation of turboshaft 5 has produced the variation in magnetic field 25.

Figure 22 a illustrates the design proposal of the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25, the nut 27 of this Component Design for being made of ferromagnetic material in this scheme.Nut 27 also can be an acorn nut.Nut 27 has satisfied dual-use function now.On the one hand, its with compressor impeller 9 towards the extruding of the support of turboshaft 5 and compressor impeller 9 is connected with the turbine disk.On the other hand, it has changed the magnetic field 25 that is produced by magnet 20 in the sensor element 19.This can recognize in Figure 22 b especially.Nut 27 is not only the fixed part 11 that is used for compressor impeller 9, also is the parts 21 that are used to change magnetic field 25.Magnetic field 25 is by magnet 20 generations and run through sensor element 19.The multiduty design proposal of the nut 27 that constitutes by ferromagnetic material, the field intensity in magnetic field 25 not only in sensor element 19, and also its gradient also changes.These two kinds of variations can be converted into electric signal by corresponding sensor element.

Figure 23 shows an embodiment.In this embodiment, the magnetic field sensor 14 that has its sensor element 19 is arranged on a side of turboshaft 5 in the air intake opening of compressor housing 17.The parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field 25 are designed in the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5 here or are designed to be arranged on magnet 20 in the nut 27.If the magnetic field 25 that magnet 20 produces enough high field intensities, so, the field intensity that is input in the sensor element 19 is enough to produce enough strong electric signal, the rotating speed of the corresponding turboshaft 5 of this electric signal.

Figure 24 a shows the known embodiment by Figure 23, and wherein, at this moment sensor element 19 is integrated in the compressor housing 17.If the magnetic field intensity that is produced by magnet 20 is not enough, when the rotation of turboshaft 5, will can not continue in sensor element 19, to produce electric signal, flux concentration body 32 is arranged on the compressor housing 17, and this flux concentration body compiles by the magnetic flux of magnet 20 generations and to sensor element 19 conduction.This illustrates in Figure 24 a with illustrating, and promptly a large amount of magnetic lines of force 25 transmits in flux concentration body 32.Enough in order to form corresponding high-intensity electric signal in sensor element 19, this signal is transmitted to ensuing assessment electronics by electrical lead 29 to the magnetic flux of Shou Jiing like this.In order to be away from the interference that the external magnetic field forms, the inside of compressor housing 17 is provided with magnetic shielding part 34.The parts 21 that this magnetic shielding part surrounds sensor element 19 and is used to change magnetic field 25.Magnetic shielding part 34 also can advantageously be integrated in the compressor housing 17.

Figure 24 b shows the diagram of the diagram half-twist of Figure 24 a.Here show high top knurled nut 27, it can be designed as the parts that are used to change magnetic field.Alternatively, the parts 21 that are used for changing magnetic field 25 are arranged on the end 10 of the compressor side of turboshaft 5.The magnetic flux that sensor element 19 acquisitions compile by flux concentration body 32.At this, sensor element 19 can advantageously be integrated in the part of less relatively thermal load of compressor housing 17.By the field intensity of flux concentration body 32 conduction enough in order in sensor element 19, to form corresponding high-intensity electric signal (signal is obviously above electronic noise).Magnetic shielding part here also is set, and it is different from shown in Figure 24 a, and surrounds compressor housing 17.Therefore, sensor element 17, the parts 21 and the flux concentration body 32 that are used to change magnetic field 25 are also all surrounded by magnetic shielding part 34.

In Figure 25, sensor element 19 is placed on the outer wall 33 of compressor housing 17.In addition, sensor element 19 is integrated in the magnetic field sensor 14, and this magnetic field sensor for example is attached on the outer wall 33.When magnet produces the magnetic field of sufficient intensity, when turboshaft 5 rotates together with magnet 20, in sensor element 19, realized the variation in measurable magnetic field 25.Be provided with and need on compressor housing 17, do not make amendment at all by this, and the xsect of air intake opening 24 can not reduced by magnetic field sensor 15 yet.This in existing turbocharger series subsequently the integral measuring principle be particularly advantageous.

Figure 26 shows the similar layout with Figure 25, yet, in Figure 26, suction hose 36 has been installed on compressor housing 17, by this flexible pipe combustion air to be compressed is flowed to air intake opening 24.Fixed system 35 is fixed on suction hose 36 on the compressor housing 17 in air intake opening 24 zones, and this fixed system for example can be designed as hose clamp.Magnetic field sensor 24 is connected with fixed system 35.Thus, fixed system 35 has been born fixedly purpose and its carrying magnetic field sensor 14 of suction hose 36.

At Figure 27 a the different embodiment of flux concentration body 32 has been shown in the 27d.

Figure 27 a shows air intake opening 24 and is used to change the parts 21 in magnetic field 25.Being used to change the magnetic field 25 that the parts 21 in magnetic field 25 change is transmitted to magnetic field sensor 14 and is converted into electric signal there by flux concentration body 32.This electric signal is to the position of the parts 21 that are applied to change magnetic field 25.

In Figure 27 b, c, d, also have the parts 21, air intake opening 24 and at least one the flux concentration body 32 that are used to change magnetic field 25.In addition, magnetic shielding part 34 has shielded outside disturbing magnetic field, thus the electric signal that makes disturbing magnetic field not disturb these in magnetic field sensor 14, to produce.

Claims (24)

1. exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine, it has compressor (3) and turbine (2), wherein, compressor impeller (9) rotatably is set in described compressor (3), and turbine wheel (4) is set rotatably in described turbine (2), and described compressor impeller (9) mechanically is connected with described turbine wheel (4) by the turboshaft (5) of rotatable setting, wherein said exhaust turbocharger (1) has the device (26) of the rotating speed that is used to detect described turboshaft (5), it is characterized in that, the described device (26) that is used for detecting rotating speed goes up in the end (10) of the described compressor side of described turboshaft (5) and/or the end has the parts (21) that are used to change magnetic field, wherein, the variation in magnetic field (25) realizes based on the rotation of described turboshaft (5), wherein, near being used to change the described parts (21) in described magnetic field (25) sensor element (19) is set, the variation that described sensor element detects magnetic field also is converted into appreciable electric signal.

2. the exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sensor element (19) is designed to the Hall element parts.

3. the exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sensor element (19) is designed to the magnetoresistive transducer parts.

4. the exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sensor element (19) is designed to the inductosyn parts.

5. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described sensor element (19) is arranged in the axially-extending line of described turboshaft (5).

6. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described sensor element (19) is arranged on the next door, end (10) of the compressor side of described turboshaft (5).

7. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described sensor element (19) is integrated in the sensor (14), described sensor is connected with adapter (12) by spacing piece (22), and wherein said adapter (12) is installed on the air intake opening (24) of compressor housing (17).

8. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described sensor element (19) is integrated in the described sensor (14), described sensor and described spacing piece (22) form plug-in type finger piece (28) jointly, and the recess that described plug-in type finger piece can pass in the described compressor housing (17) is inserted in the described air intake opening (24).

9. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described sensor element (19) is integrated in the described sensor (14), and described sensor can be installed in the zone of described air intake opening (24) on the outer wall (33) of described compressor housing (17).

10. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the described parts (21) that are used to change magnetic field are designed to clavate magnet.

11. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the described parts (21) that are used to change magnetic field optionally are designed to the form of two magnetic dipoles, and wherein the arctic of first dipole faces the South Pole of second dipole.

12., it is characterized in that the described parts (21) that are used to change magnetic field are designed to the nut (27) that is made of ferromagnetic material according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

13. the exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine according to claim 12 is characterized in that described nut (27) is by permanent magnetization.

14., it is characterized in that the described parts (21) that are used for changing magnetic field are designed to the groove of end (10) of the compressor side of described turboshaft (5) according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

15. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, at least one flux concentration body (32) is set in this wise, and promptly described flux concentration body is collected the magnetic flux in described magnetic field (25) and is conducted to described sensor element (19).

16. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the described parts (21) and the described sensor element (19) that are used to change described magnetic field (25) are all surrounded by magnetic shielding part (34), and described magnetic shielding part is for being used to change the described parts (21) in described magnetic field (25) and the magnetic interference field of described sensor element (19) shielding outside.

17. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, be used to change the described parts (21) in described magnetic field (25), described sensor element (19) and described flux concentration body (32) and all surrounded by described magnetic shielding part (34), described magnetic shielding part is for being used to change the described parts (21) in described magnetic field (25), described sensor element (19) and the outside magnetic interference field of described flux concentration body (32) shielding.

18., it is characterized in that the part of described compressor housing (17) is designed to described magnetic shielding part (34) according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

19., it is characterized in that the part of described flux concentration body (32) is designed to described magnetic shielding part (34) according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

20. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described sensor element (19) and/or described flux concentration body (32) are integrated in the fixed system (35) that is used for suction hose (36).

21., it is characterized in that described flux concentration body (32) and/or described magnetic shielding part (34) are made of metal according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

22., it is characterized in that described flux concentration body (32) and/or described magnetic shielding part (34) are made of ferrite according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

23., it is characterized in that described flux concentration body (32) and/or described magnetic shielding part (34) are made of the plastic bonding ferrite according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim.

24. according at least one described exhaust turbocharger (1) that is used for internal combustion engine in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described flux concentration body (32) and/or described magnetic shielding part (34) and/or described sensor element (19) and/or described magnetic field sensor (14) and/or connector shell (13) and/or described fixed system (35) are all sealed by the plastic pressure injection moulding whole or in part.

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