CN1973108A - Wear indication apparatus and method - Google Patents

Wear indication apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1973108A
CN1973108A CNA2005800206253A CN200580020625A CN1973108A CN 1973108 A CN1973108 A CN 1973108A CN A2005800206253 A CNA2005800206253 A CN A2005800206253A CN 200580020625 A CN200580020625 A CN 200580020625A CN 1973108 A CN1973108 A CN 1973108A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
work profile
wear
tearing
wearing
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2005800206253A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
G·D·林德
J·P·戴维斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of CN1973108A publication Critical patent/CN1973108A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/08Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving liquid or pneumatic means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B12/00Accessories for drilling tools
    • E21B12/02Wear indicators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Measuring Arrangements Characterized By The Use Of Fluids (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus and method for monitoring the wear of a downhole tool, and providing indication of the degree of wear to an operator at the well surface. A pressurized fluid path within the cutting element matrix can exhibit a pressure drop when wear of the matrix progresses into the fluid path, or rotating torque can exhibit a drop when wear of the matrix progresses to wear pads within the cutting element matrix. Other wear indicators can also be built into the cutting element matrix. Progression of wear down to the indicator can be directly measured at the well surface, or relayed to the surface via a downhole communication system.

Description

Wear indication apparatus and method
Technical field
Technical field---the present invention relates to be used for by carrying out the method and apparatus of underground work such as the instrument with work profile of milling, cutter or drill bit in well, described work profile is worn during use.
Background technology
In boring, completion and the well workover of oil gas well, usually utilize instrument in well, to carry out underground work with certain wear-resisting work profile that acts on mutually with underground structure.For example, utilize milling milling down-hole metal object, utilize milling shoe to carry out flushing operation, utilize cutting element to cut tubular articles, or utilize drill bit to drill the stratum.Carrying out these operating periods, concerning the work profile of instrument, for example concerning the cutting element that is installed in its soffit or external surface, can be worn usually.Along with the development of these wearing and tearing, the effectiveness of instrument reduces.
When the work profile has been subjected to the wearing and tearing of a specified rate, need from well, pulls out instrument, and change.The needed degree of wear of replacing instrument depends on the kind of instrument and the operation of execution.Unfortunately, the well operator on the face of land, be difficult to, not even possible accuracy know this given wear extent when occurs.Usually, when decision pulls out the experience that instrument depends on the operator basically.That is to say, the operator must according to known to operation time of having carried out, the weight on the instrument, just the gradually changing of type, the smear metal that in drilling fluid, occurs or the working string moment of torsion of the underground structure of operation, estimate the wear extent of instrument.The neither one parameter provides the clearly indication that the wearing and tearing of work profile has been developed into the specific degrees of operator need pull out instrument the time in these parameters.Pull out instrument prematurely, the unnecessary operation of extracting out from well that can increase increases drilling time.The instrument of pulling out is too late, can little by little reduce the efficient of underground work, also can increase drilling time.
When desirablely be a kind ofly to be used for determining clearly that the wearing and tearing of the work profile of downhole tool have developed into known degree allows the operator to carry out the rational device of making a decision the replacing instrument thereby have.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of wear indicator, it embeds in work profile certain depth, prevents that wear indicator from contacting with the underground structure of the operative goals that is about to become the execution of work profile.Along with the carrying out of operation, the work profile is worn, and exposes and is for example contacted by milling or the object that is cut or the stratum drilled with underground structure up to wear indicator.When exposing, wear indicator changes a few thing parameter relevant with downhole tool, and this of running parameter changes by operator or control system detection, indicates the concrete degree of wear of work profile clearly.Can a plurality of wear indicators be set in a plurality of degree of depth in the work profile, so that the clearly indication of wearing and tearing step by step to the work profile to be provided.
Wear indicator can be taked various forms.For example, can end under the face of land in the inner pressurized fluid path that forms of work profile.Fluid path can be pressurized, for example, and by drilling fluid via the instrument pumping.When the wearing and tearing of work profile developed into fluid path and break, this provided and has been used for the additional flow path that fluid flows out instrument.Measurable pressure that can cause fluid like this reduces, and described pressure reduces can be detected, so that a clear indication to be provided: the wearing and tearing of selected degree promptly occurred.In this case, the pressurized fluid path that embeds in the work profile becomes wear indicator, and fluid pressure is monitored related work parameter, and the sensor of monitoring fluid pressure can be pressure gauge.
As another example, can be at work profile inner embedding wear-resistant gasket and as wear indicator.When the wearing and tearing of work profile develop into wear-resistant gasket contact underground structure and carry a part of weight, this has limited the milling or the shear action of instrument significantly, cause making instrument to rotate measurable reduction of needed moment of torsion, this reduction can be detected, so that a clear indication to be provided: the wearing and tearing of selected degree promptly occurred.In this case, the wear-resistant gasket that embeds in the work profile constitutes wear indicator, and needed rotation torque is monitored relevant running parameter, and the sensor of monitoring rotation torque can be torquemeter.
As another example, can be at a certain amount of discernible material of the inner encapsulation of work profile.Discernible material can be: for example Magnaglo, chemical tracer or observable material, described discernible material forms contrast with the drilling fluid on the face of land that turns back to well.When the wearing and tearing of work profile developed into packed material deposit (material deposit) contact underground structure and overflow from the work profile, discernible material entered the fluid that the instrument of passing flows, and turns back to the face of land.This material can be detected from selecting of profile of work, so that a clear indication to be provided: the wearing and tearing of selected degree promptly occurred.In this case, the package of the discernible material in the embedding work profile constitutes wear indicator, the magnetic of material, chemical property or can observable character be monitored related work parameter, the sensor of monitoring described character can be suitable instrument, perhaps only range estimation.
These changes of the running parameter of the instrument that is caused by wear indicator can be detected by the instrument of operator's observation such as the sensor in pressure gauge, torquemeter or the drilling fluid or by observation drilling fluid itself on the well face of land.As selection, the change of running parameter also can be detected by the sensor to the control system output signal.In addition, the change of running parameter also can be detected by downhole gauges, and described downhole gauges is transferred to the face of land with wear signal then.Multiple wear indicator can be combined in the given instrument.
Can understand feature and the present invention itself with novelty of the present invention well from subsidiary accompanying drawing and following description, wherein same reference marker refers to same parts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the sectional views of prior art milling;
Fig. 3 is the end-view of prior art milling;
Fig. 4 is the end-view according to milling of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the milling of Fig. 4, has shown the wear indicator that is penetrated by underground structure;
Fig. 6 and 7 is sectional views of the second embodiment of the present invention, shown the fluid pressure wear indicator break before and after and before and after the contact of the wear indicator of wear-resistant gasket type; With
Fig. 8 is the sectional view of the third embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As Figure 1-3, prior art milling M drops to by housing C and is soon contacted by the underground structure of milling, for example tube element T.Typical case milling M has the fluid path FP that is used for drilling fluid or milling fluid, and fluid is directed into the working surface of the work profile WP of milling M via fluid tip known in the art, has only partly shown nozzle here.Milling M is rotated usually, so that with work profile WP milling tube element T.Work profile WP can be the cutting element matrix that forms on the soffit of milling M, and in this case, work profile WP is expressed as end mill(ing) cutter or tack junk mill.For the present invention, instrument can also be the cutter of milling shoe, any type, or even drill bit.Equally, the work profile can be to install or be formed on the profile of any kind on the instrument, so that any underground structure that comprises the stratum is carried out operation.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when milling M rotates, the cutting element matrix that milling M milling part tube element T, but simultaneously, tube element T will the pass formation work profile WP groove G that weares and teares.When the top of tube element T touched the main body of milling M, cutting or milling effect had stopped basically.This moment, concerning the operator, the seldom or at all indication that does not have milling to stop.Concerning by the structure of other type of milling or boring, the annular groove shown in the wear trace that forms on the work profile may be different from, but principle is the same.
Fig. 4 has shown the end-view according to first embodiment of instrument 10 of the present invention.Fig. 5 has shown operating instrument 10.Instrument 10 has main body 12, is formed with the work profile 14 of cutting element substrate forms on main body 12.When instrument 10 rotations, the first guide face 16 contact tube linear element T of work profile 14, work profile 14 milling tube element T.As mentioned above, simultaneously, tube element T will be at the work circular groove that wear and tear on the profile 14.One rectangle and end closed fluid channel 21 be formed on work profile 14 inside, and embed work profile 14 first guide face 16 below.That is to say that work profile 14 has been isolated contacting of fluid passage 21 and underground structure at first, underground structure is tube element T in this case.Thereby fluid passage 21 is represented that by the dotted line among Fig. 4 shown nozzle 19 is directed to first guide face 16 from fluid path 18.Fig. 4 has only shown how fluid passage 21 embeds an example of work profile 14 inside under the situation of not disturbing the proper flow of passing nozzle 19.Fluid passage 21 can be the pipeline of embedding work profile 14 inside, perhaps can only be to be formed on wherein cavity by any means known.
What Fig. 5 showed is: fluid passage 21 in fact fluid is communicatively connected on the fluid path 18 and forms the closed end part.Along with tube element T at the work circular groove that weares and teares in the profile 14, tube element T finally makes fluid passage 21 break.Except nozzle 19, this provides the additional outlet of fluid path 18 again.The remarkable reduction of opening the back pressure that causes in the fluid path 18 of the fluid issuing that this is additional, this provides the clearly indication that the wearing and tearing of work profile 14 has been developed into the degree of the instrument of should changing 10.So fluid passage 21 provides one type wear indicator, its can provide the work profile wearing and tearing discern and clear and definite indication.The running parameter that should be correlated with, promptly fluid pressure can be monitored by any device known in the art, for example pressure gauge.
Fig. 6 and 7 has shown second embodiment of instrument 10, and in fact instrument 10 comprises the wear indicator of two other types.That is to say that a plurality of closed fluid passages 20 are a plurality of arms in this case, embed cutting profile 14 inside.As rectangular flow passages 21, these fluid branches 20 can be embed the pipeline 22 of work profile 14 inside, and perhaps they can only be to be formed on wherein passage by means known.The function class of these fluid branches 20 is similar to fluid passage 21.Also shown another kind of wear indicator in this embodiment, the pad 24 that promptly a plurality of high-abrasive materials are made.
When as shown in Figure 7 work profile 14 may wear to wear-resistant gasket 24 and has touched the degree of underground structure, the significant a part of weight on the wear-resistant gasket 24 beginning carrying tools 10.This has stoped further milling or shear action in essence, and the result significantly reduces the needed moment of torsion of instrument 10 rotations.The discernible reduction of this of rotation torque can come perception by any device known in the art, for example torquemeter.The torquemeter reading of this reduction has constituted the clearly indication that work profile 14 may wear to the degree that needs replacing instrument 10.So wear-resistant gasket 24 provides the wear indicator of another kind of type, it can provide the discerning and clear and definite indication of wearing and tearing of work profile.This related work parameter, promptly rotation torque can detect or monitor by any device known in the art.Wear-resistant gasket 24 can be used in combination with fluid branches 20, perhaps is used in combination with rectangular flow passages 21, and perhaps any one in these can be used separately.
Fig. 8 has shown the 3rd embodiment of instrument 10, and instrument 10 also comprises two kinds of wear indicators.Embodiment shown in the image pattern 6 and 7 is such, has shown wear-resistant gasket 24 here, and their function is with above-mentioned the same.In addition, this embodiment has shown the package 28 of discernible medium or material, and described discernible medium or material play warning agent (tell-tale agent).As rectangular flow passages 21, package 28 can be the pipeline 30 of embedding work profile 14 inside, and perhaps it can only be to be formed on wherein passage by means known.Discernible material can be Magnaglo, chemical agent or with the drilling fluid that passes instrument 10 pumpings or milling fluid aspect certain, for example can the observation aspect form any other material of contrast.Also can use other discernible character, key is that in case they are released, they are exactly discernible concerning observer or certain instrument from instrument 10.
Along with underground structure wearing and tearing work profile 14, underground structure finally makes material capsule 28 break.This has discharged discernible tell-tale material from instrument 10.Discernible material can directly be realized by the operator, perhaps can be detected by certain instrument, and this provides the clearly indication that the wearing and tearing of work profile 14 has been developed into the degree of the instrument of should changing 10.So material capsule 28 provides another kind of wear indicator, it can provide the discerning and clear and definite indication of wearing and tearing of work profile.This related work parameter, promptly the discernible character of this material can arrive by any device monitoring known in the art, and for example magnetic sensor, chemical sensor are perhaps observed by the operator.Material capsule 28 can be used separately, and perhaps the wear indicator with any other type is used in combination.
Though the specific invention of shown here and detailed disclosure can realize goal of the invention fully and above-described advantage is provided, but, be understood that, disclosed content only is the explanation to currently preferred embodiment of the present invention, except subsidiary claims were described, its purpose did not lie in and limits the invention.

Claims (16)

1. system that is used to monitor the wearing and tearing of downhole tool, it comprises:
Be formed on the work profile on the downhole tool, described work profile is suitable for the underground structure in the well is carried out operation;
Wear indicator in described work profile inside, described wear indicator are not contacted with described underground structure physics by described work profile protection at first;
Be suitable for measuring the sensor of the running parameter of described downhole tool;
Wherein, when having developed into, the wearing and tearing of described work profile are enough to make described wear indicator to expose and when contact with described underground structure, described wear indicator is applicable to the value of the described running parameter of change.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described downhole tool comprises the instrument that is selected from the group that milling, milling shoe, cutter and drill bit form.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described work type face comprises the cutting element matrix.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Described wear indicator is included in the pressurized fluid path in the described work profile;
Described sensor comprises the pressure sensor of measuring the fluid pressure in the described fluid path;
Develop into when being enough to open described fluid path in the wearing and tearing of described work profile, described fluid path is suitable for causing the decline of described fluid pressure.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Described wear indicator comprises wear-resistant gasket;
Described sensor comprises the torque sensor of measuring the needed moment of torsion of the described downhole tool of rotation; And
Develop into when being enough to cause described underground structure to contact with described wear-resistant gasket in the wearing and tearing of described work profile, described wear-resistant gasket is suitable for causing the decline of described moment of torsion.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Described wear indicator comprises a certain amount of discernible medium that embeds described work profile inside;
Described sensor is suitable for detecting the existence that turns back to the described discernible medium the fluid on the face of land from well; And
Developing in the wearing and tearing of described work profile is enough to cause described underground structure and described a certain amount of contacted while of discernible medium, and described a certain amount of discernible medium is suitable for being released in the described fluid.
7. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described discernible medium is selected from the group that magnetic material, chemical tracer and observable control material are formed.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1 also comprises output device, and described output device is suitable for providing the signal of change of described value of the described running parameter of the described wearing and tearing development of indication.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described output device comprises operator interface.
10. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described operator interface comprises manometer.
11. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described operator interface comprises torquemeter.
12. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described output device comprises the control system interface that is suitable for providing the input signal that is input to control system.
13. a method that is used to monitor the wearing and tearing of downhole tool comprises the steps:
In the work profile of downhole tool, provide wear indicator;
The sensor of the running parameter that is suitable for measuring described downhole tool is provided;
Operate described downhole tool and in well, carry out underground work;
Be enough to make described wear indicator to expose and when contacting, change the value of described running parameter with described wear indicator when the wearing and tearing of described work profile have developed into described underground structure; With
Detect the variation of the described value of described running parameter with described sensor.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 also comprises:
Provide pressurized fluid path as described wear indicator and provide pressure sensor as described sensor;
When the wearing and tearing of described work profile have developed into when being enough to make described fluid path to contact with underground structure, open described fluid path; With
Detect the reduction of the pressure in the described fluid path with described sensor.
15. method as claimed in claim 13 also comprises:
Provide wear-resistant gasket as described wear indicator and provide torque sensor as described sensor;
When having developed into, the wearing and tearing of described work profile are enough to make described wear-resistant gasket to expose and when contacting, with described wear-resistant gasket taking the weight of with underground structure; With
Make described downhole tool rotate the reduction of needed moment of torsion with described torque sensor detection.
16. method as claimed in claim 13 also comprises:
In described work profile, embed a certain amount of discernible medium;
Be enough to make described a certain amount of discernible medium to expose and when contacting, discharge described a certain amount of discernible medium when the wearing and tearing of described work profile have developed into from described work profile with described underground structure; With
Differentiate of the effusion of described discernible medium from described work profile.
CNA2005800206253A 2004-05-13 2005-05-09 Wear indication apparatus and method Pending CN1973108A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57124604P 2004-05-13 2004-05-13
US60/571,246 2004-05-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1973108A true CN1973108A (en) 2007-05-30

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CNA2005800206253A Pending CN1973108A (en) 2004-05-13 2005-05-09 Wear indication apparatus and method

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US (2) US20060099885A1 (en)
CN (1) CN1973108A (en)
AU (1) AU2005245817A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2566480A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2429737A (en)
NO (1) NO20065540L (en)
RU (1) RU2006143845A (en)
WO (1) WO2005113926A2 (en)

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CN102392633A (en) * 2011-11-07 2012-03-28 中国石油大学(华东) New method for releasing underground radioactive tracer and device thereof
CN103764536A (en) * 2011-04-27 2014-04-30 理查德·霍洛韦 Moving handrail sanitizing device
CN105408576A (en) * 2013-07-22 2016-03-16 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 Instrumented rotary tools with attached cutters
CN106460980A (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-02-22 达世有限责任公司 Wear indication devices, and related assemblies and methods
CN111801483A (en) * 2017-12-15 2020-10-20 贝克休斯控股有限责任公司 Downhole component accumulation damage sensor
CN111911077A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-10 中石化江钻石油机械有限公司 Drilling device with alarming function

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US7565928B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-07-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole abrading tool having a taggant injection assembly for indicating excessive wear
US7404457B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-07-29 Baker Huges Incorporated Downhole abrading tools having fusible material and methods of detecting tool wear
US7464771B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-12-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole abrading tool having taggants for indicating excessive wear
US7484571B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-02-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole abrading tools having excessive wear indicator
US7424910B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-09-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole abrading tools having a hydrostatic chamber and uses therefor
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US8006781B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2011-08-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method of monitoring wear of rock bit cutters
US8028764B2 (en) * 2009-02-24 2011-10-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Methods and apparatuses for estimating drill bit condition
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US9551192B2 (en) * 2011-07-10 2017-01-24 Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. Solid state wear tracers for drill bits
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US9169697B2 (en) 2012-03-27 2015-10-27 Baker Hughes Incorporated Identification emitters for determining mill life of a downhole tool and methods of using same
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103764536A (en) * 2011-04-27 2014-04-30 理查德·霍洛韦 Moving handrail sanitizing device
CN103764536B (en) * 2011-04-27 2016-01-27 理查德·霍洛韦 Moving hand-rail chlorination equipment
CN102392633A (en) * 2011-11-07 2012-03-28 中国石油大学(华东) New method for releasing underground radioactive tracer and device thereof
CN102392633B (en) * 2011-11-07 2014-07-16 中国石油大学(华东) New method for releasing underground radioactive tracer and device thereof
CN105408576A (en) * 2013-07-22 2016-03-16 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 Instrumented rotary tools with attached cutters
CN105408576B (en) * 2013-07-22 2018-09-14 施蓝姆伯格控股有限公司 The instrumentation of cutter with attachment rotates tool
CN106460980A (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-02-22 达世有限责任公司 Wear indication devices, and related assemblies and methods
CN106460980B (en) * 2014-06-13 2018-05-29 达世有限责任公司 Wear indicating device and relevant sub-assembly and method
CN111801483A (en) * 2017-12-15 2020-10-20 贝克休斯控股有限责任公司 Downhole component accumulation damage sensor
CN111911077A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-10 中石化江钻石油机械有限公司 Drilling device with alarming function

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Publication number Publication date
AU2005245817A1 (en) 2005-12-01
GB2429737A (en) 2007-03-07
WO2005113926A3 (en) 2006-04-27
US20080023225A1 (en) 2008-01-31
CA2566480A1 (en) 2005-12-01
US20060099885A1 (en) 2006-05-11
WO2005113926A2 (en) 2005-12-01
NO20065540L (en) 2006-12-06
GB0623500D0 (en) 2007-01-03
RU2006143845A (en) 2008-06-20

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