CN1968006A - Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator with temperature compensation effect - Google Patents
Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator with temperature compensation effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN1968006A CN1968006A CN 200510086901 CN200510086901A CN1968006A CN 1968006 A CN1968006 A CN 1968006A CN 200510086901 CN200510086901 CN 200510086901 CN 200510086901 A CN200510086901 A CN 200510086901A CN 1968006 A CN1968006 A CN 1968006A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a loop voltage-control oscillator, with temperature compensation effect, wherein it is formed by N delay units connected in circle with temperature compensations, and temperature compensating circuit; the delay units are based on common inverter but connecting one or more MOS tubes on the load tube, to adjust connect degree controlled by the temperature compensation voltage, to compensate the frequency change; the temperature compensating circuit is formed by temperature sensor and voltage amplifier; the temperature sensor is formed by diode; the amplified times of voltage amplifier is controlled by external voltage Vc of oscillator, to compensate the output frequency of oscillator at different Vc. The inventive oscillator can be used in phase-lock ring with digit preset or digit rough adjustment function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE field of command, control, communications, and information treatment system, particularly circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator design.
Technical background
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is the most important building block of phase-locked loop (PLL), in order to obtain high frequency, high-precision output signal frequency, generally all adopts the form of LC voltage controlled oscillator or circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator.Advantage has obtained extensive use to circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator in communication and digital circuit because its low-power consumption, wide reference frequency output, chip occupying area be little etc.
Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator is made of the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell, and delay cell can be single-ended, also can be difference.For single-ended delay cell, N can only be the odd number more than or equal to 3; For the differential delay unit, N can be even number or the odd number more than or equal to 2, and how many its number N decides on the frequency height of required generation.In fact the structure of delay cell is exactly inverting amplifier, and its load pipe is by external voltage V
cControl changes control voltage V
cJust changed the conducting degree of load pipe, thereby changed the inverse delayed time of inverter, make the frequency of oscillation of whole loop change, Here it is circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator output signal frequency is with the principle of control change in voltage, output signal frequency is called the gain of voltage controlled oscillator with the rate of change of control voltage, uses K
vExpression.
The frequency of oscillation temperature influence of VCO output signal is bigger.According to our computer simulation to certain 0.35umCMOS technology, in the 1GHz frequency range, the frequency of oscillation of VCO varies with temperature about 1.4MHz/ ℃, that is to say, if the VCO frequency of oscillation is 1GHz at normal temperatures, frequency of oscillation becomes 1.14GHz in the time of 125 ℃, differs 140MHz.So big frequency change might make that phase-locked loop can't operate as normal above the lock-in range of phase-locked loop.One of ways of addressing this issue is to make that the gain of VCO is big as far as possible, and then no matter how temperature changes, always frequency with the scope of temperature drift within the adjustable range of VCO.But VCO gain is big more, is subjected to extraneous interference easily more, be unfavorable for improving the phase noise of phase-locked loop, and phase noise is the most important index of phase-locked loop.Secondly, the VCO gain is big more, with making that the electric capacity of loop filter is big more, is unfavorable for that circuit is integrated.
For the VCO with digital coarse adjustment or digit preset, VCO gain is generally all smaller, is about tens MHz/V, thus frequency will badly influence phase-locked loop with the drift of temperature can operate as normal.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above shortcoming, we propose a kind of loop VCO with temperature compensation effect.This VCO is made of the N that connects into ring-type delay cell and the temperature sensing circuit with temperature compensation function.Delay cell can be single-ended, also can be difference.For single-ended delay cell, N can only be the odd number more than or equal to 3; For the differential delay unit, N can be even number or the odd number more than or equal to 2, and how many its number N decides on the frequency height of required generation.Delay cell of the present invention is on the basis of common inverter, and one or more metal-oxide-semiconductors in parallel are used for temperature-compensating on its load pipe.Cause that the VCO frequency of oscillation descends if temperature raises, then the output voltage of temperature sensing circuit makes the compensating pipe conducting of delay cell speed up, thus the decline of compensating frequency; Cause that the VCO frequency of oscillation raises if temperature reduces, then the temperature sensing circuit output voltage makes the compensating pipe conducting speed of delay cell slow down, thus the rising of compensating frequency.Design appropriate parameter, just can make the output frequency of this VCO keep constant at various temperatures.
A kind of circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator, constitute by the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell and temperature-compensation circuit two parts, it is characterized in that, be parallel with load pipe on the load transistor of delay cell as temperature-compensating, output signal frequency is regulated in the control that can be subjected to temperature-compensated voltage, with the output frequency error that compensates causes, make output frequency under different temperatures, be consistent.
A kind of circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator, constitute by the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell and temperature-compensation circuit two parts, it is characterized in that, temperature-compensation circuit is made of temperature sensor and voltage amplifier, temperature sensor is made of diode, and the multiplication factor of voltage amplifier is subjected to the external voltage V of this voltage controlled oscillator
cControl makes the output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator at different V
cUnder can both obtain corresponding temperature-compensating, keep and temperature does not change preceding not consistent.
The advantage of the circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator that the present invention sets forth is: the output frequency error that it can the fine compensation variations in temperature causes, be particularly suitable for having in the phase-locked loop of digit preset or digital coarse adjustment, and be convenient to numeral and accurately preset, to accelerate lock speed.Simultaneously, in the phase-locked loop of digit preset or digital coarse adjustment, the gain of voltage controlled oscillator is less, and the caused frequency drift of bigger variations in temperature might exceed the lock-in range of phase-locked loop, make the phase-locked loop cisco unity malfunction, the present invention has solved this problem well.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is elaborated.
The circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator block diagram that Fig. 1 the present invention proposes with temperature compensation effect;
The structured flowchart of the single end loop voltage controlled oscillator embodiment that Fig. 2 the present invention proposes;
The single-ended delay unit circuit figure that Fig. 3 the present invention proposes;
The temperature sensing circuit figure that Fig. 4 the present invention proposes;
The structured flowchart of the differential loop voltage controlled oscillator embodiment that the even number delay cell that Fig. 5 the present invention proposes constitutes;
The structured flowchart of the differential loop voltage controlled oscillator embodiment that the odd number delay cell that Fig. 6 the present invention proposes constitutes;
The differential delay element circuit figure that Fig. 7 the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator block diagram with temperature compensation effect that the present invention proposes.It comprises a loop oscillator and a temperature sensing circuit.Wherein loop oscillator is made of the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell, and the number N of delay cell and concrete type of attachment thereof are different because of specific embodiment.The time of delay of each delay cell of temperature sensing circuit control loop oscillator, make the output frequency of oscillation not change with the change of ambient temperature.Analog input voltage V
cThe height of regulation loop oscillator output frequency; Frequency signal is from F
OutEnd output.
Fig. 2 is the circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator example structure block diagram that single-ended delay cell of the present invention constitutes.It is made of the N that connects into ring-type single-ended delay cell and temperature sensing circuit two parts with temperature compensation function, and wherein N is the odd number more than or equal to 3, and its delay cell has: (1) input end of analog signal V
c(2) function of temperature compensation control end V
t(3) input/output terminal V
InAnd V
OutAanalogvoltage V
cFrom the output of loop filter, V
cThe conducting degree of controlling each delay cell changes time of delay, thereby changes output signal frequency.When variations in temperature caused the VCO output signal frequency to change, the variation of temperature sensing circuit sense temperature made function of temperature compensation control voltage V
tProduce corresponding the variation, the conducting degree of control lag element circuit is carried out frequency compensation, makes the VCO output signal frequency with original consistent.The simultaneous temperature sensing circuit is subjected to V
cControl, make the output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator at different V
cUnder can both obtain corresponding temperature-compensating, the frequency of oscillation that can both keep oscillator is not with consistent before temperature does not change.
Fig. 3 be of the present invention be the single-ended delay unit circuit figure of load with the PMOS transistor, it is by a pair of anti-phase amplifier tube MN23 and MP23, two load in parallel pipe MP22, MP24, diode MN24 and voltage controling end V
c, temperature-compensating end V
t, input V
In, output V
OutConstitute.Wherein, MN23 and MP23 constitute single-ended inverter and make basic delay unit, and load pipe MP22 is subjected to external voltage V
cControl, change V
cCan change the conducting resistance of MP22, thereby change the time of delay of inverter, reach the purpose of voltage-controlled adjusting output signal frequency.Load pipe MP24 is subjected to temperature-compensated voltage V
tControl, change V
tCan change the conducting resistance of MP24, thereby change the time of delay of inverter, the compensation output signal frequency is with variation of temperature.The parameter of appropriate design delay cell and temperature sensor just can make the frequency change of temperature influence just be compensated, and makes output signal frequency vary with temperature hardly.
Fig. 4 is the temperature sensing circuit figure that the present invention proposes.MN10, MP10, three transistors of MP11 grid separately and drain electrode link to each other, and constitute three diodes, and three diode forward polyphones constitute bias divider.The forward voltage of diode has negative temperature coefficient, and promptly temperature raises, and forward voltage reduces; Temperature reduces, and forward voltage raises.The temperature coefficient of diode drop is very little, and we are by the breadth length ratio of appropriate design MP10, MN10 and MP11 pipe, makes node voltage V
nCan produce bigger variation with temperature.Transistor MN11 and MP12 constitute voltage amplifier, V
nThrough the transistorized amplification of MN11, produce bigger temperature-compensated voltage V
t, V
tControl the conducting resistance of the load pipe MP24 of single-ended delay cell, the time of delay of coming the compensating delay unit, just compensated the VCO output frequency with variation of temperature.In voltage amplifier, transistor MP12 is the load of amplifier tube MN11, and its grid is subjected to external voltage V
cControl, also be that the multiplication factor of amplifier is subjected to V
cControl.This is because the degree of the frequency of oscillation temperature influence of VCO is with V
cChange and change different V
cChange the needed bucking voltage V of identical temperature down
tBe inequality, so we introduce V
cCome the multiplication factor of control amplifier, make the output frequency of VCO at different V
cUnder can both obtain corresponding temperature-compensating, at whole V
cCan both keep in the dynamic range not changing preceding consistent with temperature.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are differential delay of the present invention unit circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator example structure block diagrams.It is made of differential delay unit and temperature sensing circuit two parts that the N that connects into ring-type has temperature compensation function, and N is even number or the odd number more than or equal to 2, and wherein Fig. 5 is the loop connected mode of N when being even number; Fig. 6 is the loop connected mode of N when being odd number.Their delay cell has: (1) input end of analog signal V
c(2) function of temperature compensation control end V
t(3) difference input/output terminal V
In-, V
In+, V
Out-, V
Out+Aanalogvoltage V
cFrom the output of loop filter, V
cThe conducting degree of controlling each delay cell changes time of delay, thereby changes output signal frequency.When variations in temperature caused the VCO output signal frequency to change, the variation of temperature sensing circuit sense temperature made function of temperature compensation control voltage V
tProduce corresponding the variation, the conducting degree of control lag element circuit is carried out frequency compensation, makes the VCO output signal frequency with original consistent.The simultaneous temperature sensing circuit is subjected to V
cControl, make the output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator at different V
cUnder can both obtain corresponding temperature-compensating, can both keep with not consistent before temperature does not change.
Fig. 7 be of the present invention be the differential delay element circuit figure of load with the PMOS transistor.It is by 2 difference input pipe MN1 and MN2,6 load in parallel pipe MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4, MP5 and MP6,2 differential input end V
In-And V
In+, 1 voltage controling end V
c, 1 temperature-compensating end V
t, 2 difference output end V
Out-And V
Out+Constitute.Wherein, load pipe MP1, MP2 play the conducting of positive feedback acceleration delay cell; Load pipe MP3, MP4 are subjected to external voltage V
cControl, as voltage-controlled adjusting output signal frequency; Load pipe MP5 and MP6 are subjected to temperature-compensated voltage V
tControl, as the temperature-compensating of output signal frequency.
Fig. 5 is still the same with Fig. 4 with temperature sensing circuit figure among Fig. 6, temperature-compensated voltage V
tThe load pipe MP5 of control differential delay unit and the conducting degree of MP6, have just compensated the VCO output frequency with variation of temperature at the time of delay of coming the compensating delay unit.
We are applied to the circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator embodiment that differential delay of the present invention unit constitutes in the phase-locked loop, and phase-locked loop has been carried out circuit design and layout design, and the VCO gain of design is 20MHz/V.Our computer post-layout simulation results exhibit shows, in-25 ℃～125 ℃ and bigger temperature range, phase-locked loop can be good at work, proves that the present invention is practicable.
Claims (5)
1. circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator, constitute by the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell and temperature-compensation circuit two parts, it is characterized in that, be parallel with load pipe on the load transistor of delay cell as temperature-compensating, output signal frequency is regulated in the control that can be subjected to temperature-compensated voltage, with the output frequency error that compensates causes, make output frequency under different temperatures, be consistent.
2. circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator, constitute by the N that connects into a ring-type delay cell and temperature-compensation circuit two parts, it is characterized in that, temperature-compensation circuit is made of temperature sensor and voltage amplifier, temperature sensor is made of diode, and the multiplication factor of voltage amplifier is subjected to the external voltage V of this voltage controlled oscillator
cControl makes the output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator at different V
cUnder can both obtain corresponding temperature-compensating, keep and temperature does not change preceding not consistent.
3. circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, delay cell is made of single-ended delay unit circuit, and single-ended delay unit circuit is by a pair of anti-phase amplifier tube MN23 and MP23, two load in parallel pipe MP22, MP24, diode MN24 and voltage controling end V
c, temperature-compensating end V
t, input V
In, output V
OutConstitute, wherein, MN23 and MP23 constitute single-ended inverter and make basic delay unit, and load pipe MP22 is subjected to external voltage V
cControl, change V
cCan change the conducting resistance of MP22, thereby change the time of delay of inverter, reach the purpose of voltage-controlled adjusting output signal frequency, load pipe MP24 is subjected to temperature-compensated voltage V
tControl, change V
tCan change the conducting resistance of MP24, thereby change the time of delay of inverter, the compensation output signal frequency is with variation of temperature.
4. circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that delay cell is made of the differential delay element circuit, the differential delay element circuit is by 2 difference input pipe MN1 and MN2,6 load in parallel pipe MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4, MP5 and MP6,2 differential input end V
In-And V
In+, 1 voltage controling end V
c, 1 temperature-compensating end V
t, 2 difference output end V
Out-And V
Out+Constitute, wherein, load pipe MP1, MP2 play positive feedback and quicken the delay cell conducting; Load pipe MP3, MP4 are subjected to external voltage V
cControl, as voltage-controlled adjusting output signal frequency; Load pipe MP5 and MP6 are subjected to temperature-compensated voltage V
tControl, as the temperature-compensating of output signal frequency.
5. circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator according to claim 1 and 2, its temperature-compensation circuit is characterised in that, MN10, MP10, three transistors of MP11 grid separately and drain electrode link to each other, constitute three diodes, three diode forward polyphones constitute temperature sensitive bias divider, the drain voltage V of MN10
nChange along with variation of temperature, transistor MN11 and MP12 constitute voltage amplifier, and wherein transistor MP12 is the load of amplifier tube MN11, and voltage amplifier is V
nAmplify output temperature compensation voltage signal V
t
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100869018A CN100547905C (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator with temperature compensation effect |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100869018A CN100547905C (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator with temperature compensation effect |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1968006A true CN1968006A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| CN100547905C CN100547905C (en) | 2009-10-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100869018A Active CN100547905C (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Circulation circuit voltage-controlled oscillator with temperature compensation effect |
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