CN1963564A - Intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to intelligent rain volume test device based on computer visual effect, which comprises rain receive device composed of rain container, bucket and visual sensor to observe water level in water tank, microprocessor to compute rain volume according to visual sensor signals; the said observe water tank is in visual sensor; the micro processor comprises visual sensor set module, float position collection module ad rain intelligent computation module.

Description

Intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision

(1) technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall, belong to the application of computer image processing technology, the network communications technology, rainfall visualization technique and mechanical designing technique, mainly be applicable to fields such as geological disaster forecasting, meteorology, the hydrology, ocean, military affairs, airport, environment, agricultural, forestry, scientific research in the rainfall context of detection.

(2) background technology

Precipitation sensor mainly is tipping bucket rain gauge, float-type rain sensor and hydrocone type rain sensor at present, and these three kinds of rain sensors are never changing on the principle and on the structure in decades.

Existing tipping bucket rain gauge has been gone through the development and the improvement of many decades, and outstanding advantage simple in structure with it, no power consumption is extensively promoted the use of, and will it make supporting recommendation type sensor with Rain Gauge.Owing to defective and weak point that tipping bucket rain gauge self is intrinsic are fairly obvious and outstanding, as: measuring accuracy is poor, measuring error with raininess change violent, be subjected to that extraneous enchancement factor influences greatly, instrument installs and adjusts loaded down with trivial detailsly, standard is examined and determine defective and deficiencies such as difficulty in the use; The high rain sensor of resolution, measuring accuracy is poor more under the torrential rain condition, and the data of torrential rain rainfall is extremely precious, and existing tipping bucket rain gauge but can not accurately write down this rainfall; Rain sensor measuring accuracy difference and the instability of using under rugged surroundings make the raw data quality that records be subjected to very big influence.

The 3.1.5 bar was clearly stipulated during the chapter 3 first segment basic fundamental of China's " quantity of precipitation observation standard " required: " sensor of pluviograph, register must measure accurately, can continuously react delicately precipitation process and precipitation beginning and ending time ".And stipulated the differently measurement requirement of resolving power and water discharge sensor: " when resolving power was 0.1mm, 0.2mm, water discharge was less than 10mm, error in measurement should be no more than ± 0.2mm, must not surpass ± 0.4mm; Water discharge is greater than 10mm, and error in measurement should be no more than ± and 2%, must not surpass ± 4%; When resolving power was 0.5mm, water discharge was smaller or equal to 12.5mm, and error in measurement must not surpass ± 0.5mm; Water discharge is greater than 12.5mm, and error in measurement must not surpass ± 4%; When resolving power was 1mm, water discharge was smaller or equal to 25mm, and error in measurement must not surpass ± 1mm, and water discharge is greater than 25mm, and error in measurement must not surpass ± 4% ".Requirement to rain sensor in " technical conditions " is: " its service condition, measuring accuracy, resolving power, technical feature must meet the regulation of country or industry standard, and satisfy under the unmanned maintenance condition and can work reliably and with long-term ".Therefore, accurately, sensitive, reliably and with long-term, high-quality is finished the measurement and the signal output of precipitation process, is all prerequisite key property of various rain sensors.

The dynamic measurement error of tipping bucket changes acute variation with raininess, and the tipping bucket that resolving power is high is subjected to influence that raininess changes more greatly, and this defective is the defective on the intrinsic principle of tipping bucket type sensor, structure and the detection means.

Because tipping bucket type sensor these intrinsic defective and deficiencies, not only caused manufacturer to can not produce high-precision sensor, and in use be subject to stochastic factor (as: tipping bucket chamber water body is residual, influence, the tipping pivot of the residual silt in tipping bucket chamber and greasy dirt are undertaken changed play and the sand and dust retardance makes influence of change in friction force or the like), make the sensor error in measurement may surpass ± 4% the standard of dispatching from the factory.The influence of the Huanghe valley serious at dust storm, that rainfall amount is few and northern area sand and dust is outstanding especially, error in measurement even surpass more than ± 6%.

The installation of tipping bucket sensor, adjustment and error calibrating are very loaded down with trivial details and difficult, and tipping bucket rain sensor scene needs accurate pedestal, the horizontal saliva of device mouth of adjusting instrument to put down, adjust play and tipping bucket inclination angle that bearing is paid when installing, and wherein the adjustment at i angle is the most difficult.

Existing Rain Gauge still exists obvious defects and deficiency, mainly is to bear to finish rainfall data measurement and signal output function sensor, rather than registering instrument.Sensing technology lags behind the information processing technology, and the sensor development lags behind communication and computing machine development, and it is particularly evident that this phenomenon shows in precipitation observation field.

In sum, the appearance of solid-state storage registering instrument and do not change the sensor inherent error with the supporting use of tipping bucket rain gauge, can not overcome stochastic error and the instrument error used under the rugged surroundings, Here it is has open defect and the weak point that the Rain Gauge under the framework exists now.Be about in China that large tracts of land is promoted, under the equipment Rain Gauge background, improve the performance that improves rain sensor, making it that data acquisition accuracy class with registering instrument integrates with is very real, a urgent research topic.

The environment for use condition of the sensor that the observation rainfall is used is very abominable, not only the raininess variation range is big, and be under high humidity, sand and dust, strong wind and the thunder and lightning interference, add that condition of power supply from far-off regions is poor, manipulate personnel specialty knowledge shortcoming etc., therefore, high to the qualitative performance requirements of rain sensor.Good rain sensor should have following characteristic:

(1) wetting loss is low, resolving power is high, can detect minimum rainfall.

(2) measuring accuracy height, must reach the measuring error (the raininess scope is 0.01-4mm/min) that " standard " require to be not more than ± 2% or be not more than ± 1%.

(3) measuring error is not subjected to raininess variable effect or influenced minimum, is 0.01-10mm/min or in larger scope at raininess, can keep high precision, and measuring error is smaller or equal to ± 2%.

(4) (as: high temperature, high humidity, sand and dust, thunder and lightning etc.) can work reliably and with long-term under the influence of abominable external environment condition.

(5) no power consumption type or extremely low power dissipation type.

(6) install, adjust simple and convenient.

(7) error calibrating equipment needed thereby is simple, and on-site proving is easy to operation.

At present in udometric research and development field, unrolling improve rainfall measurement precision and rainfall data collection, there are some new achievements the transmission aspect.As the patent No. is 200410029776.2 dual-chamber type photoelectric induction type autoelectrinic rainfall snow weighing gauge, includes the cylinder-like structure of dual chamber, and the volumetric quantity of measuring the rainwater in the dual chamber by the photoelectricity level sensor reaches the purpose of measuring rainfall; The patent No. is 93120653.7 flow-type rainfall, the measuring method and the device of raininess, rainwater is converted to the water droplet of constant basis, when dripping, water droplet touches electrode through the water droplet pulse converter, make the relative short circuit of electrode, output terminal through amplifier produces a pulse, this pulse is handled with single-chip microcomputer, obtained the measured value of rainfall and raininess; The patent No. is 02219437.1 the code-shaped digital precipitation gauge of absolute value, the precipitation of collecting is injected rain gage bucket through aqueduct, the water body of rainfall letter inner accumulated promotes float and rises, and drives the measuring wheel rotation through surveying cable, drives scrambler and rotates output and increase the corresponding coded electrical signal of water body; The patent No. is a kind of method and apparatus of measuring rainfall of 200510059651.9, be provided with entering water electromagnetic valve between funnel and the water inlet pipe, reservoir chamber is provided with the solenoid valve that discharges water, and guarantees to discharge water in the process of rainfall, rainfall amount can not produce error, uses angular displacement sensor and carries out rainfall measurement; The patent No. is 200410098506.7 rainfall detecting wireless reporting system and method, by wireless signal transmission techniques output rainfall amount signal; Simultaneously, long distance wireless receives main frame, by wireless signal transmission techniques, receives the rainfall amount signal, obtains the rainfall amount data so as to allowing the user receive main frame by long distance wireless, with the probability of happening as this rainfall area rubble flow of judgement.

The shortcoming that existing testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall exists: 1, install, adjust trouble; 2, measure existence than mistake, out of true; 3, sensitivity poor, receive the interference of objective environment, poor reliability easily; 4, the quality of data of Jian Ceing is poor, and practicality is not strong.

(3) summary of the invention

For the installation adjustment trouble that overcomes existing testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall, measure and have deficiency low than mistake, precision, poor reliability, the invention provides a kind of the installation and adjust the intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall simple, that measuring accuracy is high, safe reliability is strong based on computer vision.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A kind of intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision, comprise the rainfall gathering-device, described rainfall gathering-device comprises water container, tipping bucket, described water container lower end is provided with drainage tube, the below of this drainage tube is a tipping bucket, described tipping bucket is installed on the hinged-support, described hinged-support is positioned at when the water yield that contains when tipping bucket reaches the setting quantitative value just in time can make the tipping bucket overturning, the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket is toppled over the rear dump that finishes because the effect of center of gravity restoring force returns to the balance fulcrum of origin-location, block drainage tube when being installed in the tipping bucket overturning on the described tipping bucket, tipping bucket recovers the fluid stopping device that drainage tube is decontroled in the back, and the type of tamper evidence of described fluid stopping device cooperates with the lower end of drainage tube; Be provided with the observation tank in described tipping bucket, described observation tank is communicated with the tipping bucket bottom, is provided with the buoy with color characteristic in the described observation tank; Described tipping bucket connects the triggering sensor that is used for producing the switching trigger pip when tipping bucket is translated into action, described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall also comprises the vision sensor that is used to monitor observation tank middle water level, the microprocessor that is used for calculating according to visual sensor signal rainfall, described observation tank is positioned at the visual range of vision sensor, described microprocessor comprises: the vision sensor calibration module is used for setting the corresponding relation of the position and the actual buoy position spatially of video image buoy; The buoy position acquisition module is used to gather the video image of video sensor and the position of definite buoy; Rainfall intelligence computation module is used to set the corresponding relation of the water yield of the position of buoy and tipping bucket; After receiving the trigger pip that triggers sensor, the signal of acquisition vision sensor, detect the position that overturning action buoy of preceding moment takes place tipping bucket automatically, and according to the actual rainfall in the corresponding relation calculating tipping bucket, buoy position in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action of detection tipping bucket, initial rain in the metering tipping bucket obtains this after actual rainfall and initial rain subtract each other and topples over rainfall.

Further, described tipping bucket is flat type trapezoidal shape, the width of tipping bucket is a constant basis W, and the lower bottom edge lengths of trapezoidal side is 1, and base, the top length of trapezoidal side is L, trapezoidal overall height is H; the position of buoy is the height y of water level, and in rainfall intelligence computation module, the length x of tipping bucket trapezoidal side is the line shape function of the height y of water level; set up the corresponding relation of the volume of rainwater in the height of water level and the tipping bucket, formula is shown in (2):

$V\left(y\right)=\frac{W^{*}{y}^{*}[l+y^{*}\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]}{2}---\left(2\right)$

In the following formula, V is the volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket;

Overturning is taken place in this tipping bucket automatically move buoy position y (i) in the instantaneous tipping bucket _{Action-before}And the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterBe stored in the mnemon, calculate actual this tipping bucket by formula (3) water yield of toppling in the overturning process takes place automatically;

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{W}{2}*\{y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]$

$-y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]\}---\left(3\right);$

The area of setting water container is S, just can obtain this detected rainfall according to formula (6),

$\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)=\frac{V\left(i\right)}{S}---\left(6\right)$

In the following formula, Rain is a rainfall.

Further again, in rainfall intelligence computation module, write down the moment that the overturning action takes place this time tipping bucket automatically, and each overturning is recorded in the data-base recording table constantly, and write down each and translate into rainfall constantly, the utilization statistical calculates the rainfall of setting-up time section.

Further, in rainfall intelligence computation module, reception is opened power supply after triggering the trigger pip of sensor, begins to gather the video image of video sensor, does not have the switching trigger pip as surpassing the time of setting, and turn-offs power supply.

At the buoy position acquisition module, read the video image of observation tank, with the conversion of image rgb color space to yuv space, transforming relationship is as follows by the color space conversion module:

Y＝0.301 ^*R+0.586 ^*G+0.113 ^*B

U＝-0.301 ^*R-0.586 ^*G+0.887 ^*B (9)

V＝0.699 ^*R-0.586 ^*G-0.113 ^*B

In the following formula, Y represents the brightness of YUV color model, and U, V are two chrominance components of YUV color model, the expression aberration; R represents the redness of rgb color space; G represents the green of rgb color space; B represents the blueness of rgb color space;

Calculate the value of buoy color component, obtain corresponding binary image then, with position, the geometric center position of buoy as buoy point spatially.

Described fluid stopping device comprises the slide rail that is installed on the tipping bucket, is positioned at the roller on the slide rail, roller on described slide rail and the type of tamper evidence relies on spring force closely to contact, described roller is installed in described drainage tube bottom, is provided with back-moving spring between described roller and described drainage tube bottom.

When tipping bucket is positioned at initial position, the nearest end of described slide rail and hinged-support contacts with roller, type of tamper evidence is in relaxation state, and the bottom of the slide rail other end is positioned on the back-up block, and described triggering sensor is between the surface of contact of slide rail and back-up block.

Described rainfall intelligence computation module also comprises small rainfall measurement unit, be used to set the buoy position sample frequency of video sensor, periodically read the position of buoy, the buoy position that detects in the tipping bucket in each cycle changes, the small rainfall data of statistics setting-up time section.

Described video sensor is common camera or omnibearing vision sensor.

Described video sensor is an omnibearing vision sensor, comprise catadioptric mirror, transparent cylinder, the catadioptric mirror of downward deep camber is fixed on the top of described transparent cylinder, collector lens and image unit are fixed on the bottom of cylinder, and the lower central of described catadioptric mirror is provided with the black inverted cone.

Described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall also comprises illuminating lamp, described illuminating lamp is installed on the vision sensor, described microprocessor also comprises brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module, be used to extract the image rgb color space obtains Y to the result of the conversion of yuv space luminance component, if when the value of Y during less than thresholding Ymin, connect illuminating lamp automatically, the brightness of illuminating lamp is 10% of thresholding Ymin, when the value of Y surpass thresholding Ymin 20% the time, automatic cutout is to the power supply of illuminating lamp.

Technical conceive of the present invention is: the computer vision technique that developed recently gets up provides a kind of new solution for observing rainfall, simultaneously along with communication and development of internet technology, for remote reviewing rainfall situation provides various new means.Therefore how to pass through computer image processing technology, the network communications technology, rainfall visualization technique and mechanical designing technique detect at rainfall, and the realtime graphic that obtains according to camera head, by calculating means such as automatic judgement, when improving rainfall measurement resolution, improve the precision of measuring rainfall, alleviate the installation of rain sensor, adjust, the difficulty of maintenance and error calibrating, overcome the stochastic error of the rain sensor that is subjected to stochastic factor and causes, eliminate the fixed error of rain sensor by intellectualized algorithm, for accurately, sensitive, reliably and with long-term, measurement and signal output that high-quality is finished the precipitation process provide new means, also can provide a kind of simultaneously and can obtain the rainfall weather information that monitors in the region by various remote access means.

Mode with machine vision detects rainfall, at first need to carry out rainfall visual, observe instantaneous rainfall and accumulative total rainfall by designing special rainfall gathering-device, the top of designed rainfall gathering-device is a circular barrel shape body, rainwater is compiled by circular barrel shape body water container, the little funnel by the roundlet protecting wire net is housed and the drainage tube of lower end thereof, rainwater enters tipping bucket; A fulcrum is arranged on the tipping bucket, the Position Design of fulcrum just in time can make the tipping bucket overturning when the water yield that contains when tipping bucket reaches certain quantitative value, automatically the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket is toppled over, drainage tube is by the fluid stopping device in the process of tipping bucket overturning, the water yield is temporarily rested in the drainage tube of little funnel and lower end thereof, when the water yield that the tipping bucket overturning contains in tipping bucket topple over finish after, tipping bucket is opened the fluid stopping device automatically and is made rainwater enter tipping bucket again because the effect of center of gravity restoring force returns to the origin-location; Dan buoy that color characteristic is arranged of design is observed the position of this dan buoy by video in the tipping bucket, can obtain the water yield present in the rainfall gathering-device, and its scope is between 0-100ml; But the dan buoy that color characteristic is arranged is positioned in the groove that an above-below direction in the rainfall gathering-device moves, the water of this groove and rainfall gathering-device can flow, releasing slots when but dan buoy can be owing to the water of toppling in the tipping bucket, dan buoy is placed in the visual range of omni-directional visual; The schematic diagram that the mode of vision detects rainfall as shown in Figure 3.

Described tipping bucket design will be satisfied several conditions: 1) volume condition: it is 100ml that the rainfall of tipping bucket is collected maximum; 2) design conditions of rainfall: the rainwater volume in dan buoy position and the tipping bucket must calculate by simple formula, that is to say to observe the dan buoy position obtain the collected rainfall of tipping bucket rapidly by video; 3) no leak condition: in the water yield toppling process that the tipping bucket overturning contains in tipping bucket, the fluid stopping device action makes drainage tube be in the viscous flow state; 4) operation condition of tipping bucket: when the rainfall of tipping bucket collection reached maximum 100ml, tipping bucket energy precision maneuver can reset rapidly again after tipping bucket overturning action is finished, and stops the viscous flow state of drainage tube simultaneously, makes rainwater can flow in the tipping bucket; 5) anticorrosion condition: owing to the corrosion composition that includes in the rainwater some materials, selected tipping bucket material is corrosion-resistant.

Described volume condition, in the present invention with the flat type trapezoidal shape that is designed to of tipping bucket, if width is designed to a constant basis W, the lower bottom edge lengths of trapezoidal side is 1, base, the top length of trapezoidal side is L, trapezoidal overall height is H, and when the collected rainfall of tipping bucket arrived maximum height, the volume of rainwater can calculate with formula (1) in the tipping bucket:

$V=\frac{W^{*}{H}^{*}(l+L)}{2}---\left(1\right)$

The design conditions of described rainfall, the length x of trapezoidal side changes and changes along with height y, therefore length x is the line shape function of height y, so we can try to achieve when certain height the volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket by this relational expression, formula is shown in (2):

$V\left(y\right)=\frac{W^{*}{y}^{*}[l+y^{*}\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]}{2}---\left(2\right)$

Can know from above-mentioned formula, as long as we measure the dan buoy position, just obtain height y, just can calculate at certain volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket highly the time, can certainly design a form in advance, tabling look-up by some height y obtains the volume of corresponding rainwater.

Described no leak condition, be to make drainage tube be in the viscous flow state by the fluid stopping device action, in the tipping bucket overturning process because the effect of slide rail, the promotion bocca moves upward and plays the effect of a cone valve, thereby block the fluid passage of drainage tube, make rainwater during the tipping bucket overturning, still be retained in drainage tube or the little funnel; And when tipping bucket recovered the origin-location, bocca relied on the effect of spring force to make the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube.

Described anticorrosion condition adopts aluminum alloy materials to make tipping bucket in this patent, and inside is smooth in the tipping bucket, so that some dregs in the tipping bucket can be cleared up away in tipping bucket overturning process.

The operation condition of described tipping bucket, the center of gravity of tipping bucket changes that principle realizes when being the volume-variation by rainwater, among Fig. 3 when the rainwater volume in the tipping bucket reaches maximum volume, relatively and the balance of the center of gravity of the center of gravity of the rainwater of fulcrum and tipping bucket itself destroyed, the overturning action takes place in tipping bucket automatically, because the error on making has designed an adjustment piece in the present invention, the center of gravity of regulating the tipping bucket itself of relative and fulcrum by the adjustment piece reaches the action of tipping bucket accurately.

For some intrinsic defectives and the deficiency from tipping bucket type sensor measurement rainfall, among the present invention the udometric advantage of float type is also remedied the defective and the deficiency of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, particularly because tipping bucket chamber water body is residual, the influence of residual silt in tipping bucket chamber and greasy dirt, tipping pivot is undertaken the stochastic error that influence that the retardance of changed play and sand and dust makes change in friction force or the like is caused, this stochastic error has caused the actual rainfall of each measurement different with the measurement rainfall, such as actual rainfall is 101ml, 99ml, 100ml, ..., but tipping bucket type sensor measurement rainfall is all thought 100ml; In this patent, adopt the method for designing that buoy is arranged in the tipping bucket, in measuring principle is to measure the water yield in the tipping bucket by measuring buoy position in the tipping bucket, detect tipping bucket by the Video Detection means the water yield in the tipping bucket of moment before the overturning action takes place automatically, so actual rainfall can reach consistent with the measurement rainfall; Buoy position in the tipping bucket behind the tipping bucket autonomous recovery action measures the initial rain in the tipping bucket simultaneously, can get rid of also that tipping bucket chamber water body is residual, the residual silt in tipping bucket chamber etc. is to the stochastic error of metering rainfall, tipping bucket is just as the rainfall gathering-device in this sense, and real metering rainfall measures (no matter being that wide range and little range all are the buoy positions that depends in the tipping bucket) by buoy position, and overturning is taken place this tipping bucket automatically moves buoy position y (i) in the instantaneous tipping bucket _{Action-before}And the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterBe stored in the mnemon, calculate actual this tipping bucket by formula (3) water yield of toppling in the overturning process takes place automatically;

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{W}{2}\text{*{y}{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]$

$-y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]\}---\left(3\right)$

What try to achieve by formula (3) is that this topples over the water yield fallen, and the moment (little Hour Minute Second of date) that the overturning action simultaneously this time tipping bucket takes place automatically is stored in the hyetograph of database together.

There are strict regulation in World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and China Meteorological Administration for hyetometry, and at present, well-known rain, snowfall measurement unit are " millimeters ".Stipulate 200 millimeters and be the Sheng rain mouth standard bore of hyetometry instrument, enter the millimeter value that depth of accumulated water in this is rainfall.By formula (4), (5) are calculated and can be got:

Bore: D=200mm+0.6mm (0.6mm is for containing rain mouth hem width) (4)

Area: S=3.1416* (10.03) ²Cm ²=316cm ²(5)

Value by formula (3) and formula (5) are calculated just can obtain this detected rainfall according to formula (6) then,

$\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)=\frac{V\left(i\right)}{S}---\left(6\right)$

The information such as the moment that the overturning action takes place automatically by the rainfall that write down in the hyetograph and tipping bucket can be in the hope of hourly precipitation, every day quantity of precipitation and 00-06,06-12,12-18, the accumulative total quantity of precipitation of 18-24 period, calculate by computing formula (7):

${\mathrm{Rain}}_{\mathrm{total}}=\underset{i=\mathrm{strattime}}{\overset{\mathrm{endtime}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)---\left(7\right)$

When calculating hourly precipitation, exactly the rainfall record in some hour time is added up; Same method is calculated every day during quantity of precipitation, exactly with zero the time before 12 of time to nights the rainfall record in the time add up; Lacking, detection time little owing to detection limit for trace of precipitation and per minute quantity of precipitation and caused the buoy amount of movement little, therefore must be that unit detects at the buoy position y of tipping bucket (i) with the per second _NowWith the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterRelative displacement, calculate by computing formula (8):

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20061015467100261.png,A20061015467100271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}{2}*\{y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{now}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{now}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]-y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)\left]\right\}---\left(8\right)$

By formula (6), (7), the rainfall that is accumulated in a certain minute can obtain the trace of precipitation value by adding up in the long time to trace of precipitation equally in the hope of per minute quantity of precipitation.

It is to pass through the video image that obtains to handle and obtain buoy position that the buoy position y of described tipping bucket detects, for the simplified image computing, colour planning with buoy in this patent becomes red, and so Shang Mian detection just can be reduced to the position problems of red part in the space; The video image that reads from camera head is a rgb color space, rgb color space is responsive to brightness ratio, particularly the rain gage that uses in the open air should and not cause mistake to measure by the brightness variation, here pass through the color space conversion module with of the conversion of image rgb color space, do homework for obtaining the buoy locus to yuv space;

The YUV color model is a kind of color model commonly used, its essential characteristic is that luminance signal is separated with color signal, Y represents brightness, and U, V are two chrominance components, the expression aberration, generally be blue, red relative value is because human eye is to the variation comparison change in color sensitivity of brightness, therefore, the shared bandwidth of the value of Y component provides more than or equal to linear dependence between shared bandwidth YUV of chrominance component and the RGB model such as formula (9) in the YUV model

Y＝0.301 ^*R+0.586 ^*G+0.113 ^*B

U＝-0.301 ^*R-0.586 ^*G+0.887 ^*B (9)

V＝0.699 ^*R-0.586 ^*G-0.113 ^*B

Because we only are concerned about the locus of buoy in rain gage, when calculating, therefore above-mentioned formula, obtains corresponding binary image then as long as calculate the value of red component, and we are with the position as buoy point spatially, the geometric center position of buoy.Because the image in the computing machine is unit representation with the pixel, in addition because camera model is not all to be linear in the whole video scope, therefore need set up the size of real space and the mapping relations of the size in the image, the i.e. demarcation of vision rain sensor.

The demarcation of described vision rain sensor, be that the scale of a size greater than the movable range of buoy is placed on the buoy event trace line, read scale on the scale by computing machine, then with the pixel of each scale correspondence in image, and corresponding result is stored in the mapping table, and the position by buoy in the video image just can obtain actual buoy position spatially like this.

In order to reduce udometric power consumption to greatest extent, utilize tipping bucket overturning action to give birth to a trigger pip in the present invention from movable property, if just do not activate the rainfall measuring apparatus immediately, the buoy in the tipping bucket is measured at the measurement state; If no switching signal sends in a period of time, represent that promptly rainfall finishes, system enters dormant state automatically.

Rain often many in night, and night is because brightness can influence the detection of video inadequately, under the prerequisite that activates the rainfall measuring apparatus, start brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module when measuring automatically in luminance shortage among the present invention, so that can the round-the-clock rainfall measurement that carries out; Described brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module, it is the luminance component that obtains Y according to the image rgb color space to the result of the conversion of yuv space, if when the value of Y during less than thresholding Ymin, system turns on the electricity-saving lamp above the camera automatically, the brightness of electricity-saving lamp is as long as can surpass about 10% of thresholding Ymin, when the value of Y surpass thresholding Ymin 20% the time, system's automatic cutout is to the power supply of electricity-saving lamp.

The error in dipping that causes in order to prevent from tipping bucket generation overturning course of action, to sluice, make drainage tube be in the viscous flow state by the fluid stopping device action among the present invention, in the tipping bucket overturning process because the effect of slide rail, the promotion bocca moves upward and plays the effect of a cone valve, thereby block the fluid passage of drainage tube, make rainwater during the tipping bucket overturning, still be retained in drainage tube or the little funnel; And when tipping bucket recovers the origin-location, bocca relies on the effect of spring force to make the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube, simultaneously also produce trigger pip of dirt and activate the rainfall measuring apparatus, therefore the design of tipping bucket will be satisfied two requirements: 1) slide rail on the tipping bucket must make the effect of cone valve block the fluid passage of drainage tube in the tipping bucket overturning in the past, prevents to send out the error in dipping that sluices in the dirt overturning course of action and cause at tipping bucket; 2) and when tipping bucket recovers the origin-location, bocca relies on the effect of spring force to make the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube can activate the rainfall measuring apparatus as a trigger pip simultaneously, makes rain gage to move under the extremely low power dissipation situation.

The rain gage sensor of making according to above-mentioned principle only needs to adjust the level of pedestal when mounted, need not adjustment tipping bucket sensibility reciprocal, if check it can reliably stir, so Installation and Debugging are simple and easy to do; Owing to adopted touchless video measuring can reduce failure rate, reduced and safeguard or Maintenance free.

The tipping bucket of the rain sensor among the present invention is not as metering unit, even being arranged, a small amount of soil deposition undertakes changed play in tipping bucket small room and tipping pivot, cause tipping bucket sensibility reciprocal subtle change, can not influence tipping bucket normally stirs, sand and dust will be deposited in the float chamber bottom, just the float operate as normal can be do not influenced as long as the assurance water route is unobstructed, additional measuring error can be do not produced yet.

Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: 1, accurately, sensitive, reliably and with long-term, high-quality is finished the measurement and the signal output of precipitation process; 2, keep low maintenance rate, error self-correcting, the wide raininess scope of wide rainfall to measure reliably and with long-term; 3, measuring accuracy height, reach the measuring error (the raininess scope is 0.01-4m m/min) that " standard " require to be not more than ± 2% or be not more than ± 1%; 4, no power consumption type or extremely low power dissipation type; 5, error calibrating equipment needed thereby is simple, and on-site proving is easy to operation; 6, support remote network communication, intellectuality.

(4) description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the tipping bucket design drawing of rain sensor.

Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of buoy.

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of tipping bucket overturning process.

Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of computer vision buoy in measuring tipping bucket.

Fig. 5 is the intelligent rainfall sensor hardware and the network service block diagram of computer vision.

Fig. 6 is hardware and a software architecture diagram in the intelligent rainfall sensor of computer vision.

(5) embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.

Embodiment 1

With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 6, a kind of intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision, comprise the rainfall gathering-device, described rainfall gathering-device comprises water container 6, tipping bucket 11, described water container 6 lower ends are provided with drainage tube 8, the below of this drainage tube 8 is a tipping bucket 11, described tipping bucket 11 is installed on the hinged-support 12, described hinged-support 12 is positioned at when the water yield that contains when tipping bucket reaches the setting quantitative value just in time can make the tipping bucket overturning, the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket is toppled over the rear dump that finishes because the effect of center of gravity restoring force returns to the balance fulcrum of origin-location, block drainage tube when being installed in the tipping bucket overturning on the described tipping bucket 11, tipping bucket recovers the fluid stopping device 10 that drainage tube is decontroled in the back, and the type of tamper evidence of described fluid stopping device 10 cooperates with the lower end of drainage tube 8; Be provided with observation tank 13 in described tipping bucket 11, described observation tank 13 is communicated with the tipping bucket bottom, is provided with the buoy 7 with color characteristic in the described observation tank 13; Described tipping bucket 11 connects the triggering sensor 15 that is used for producing the switching trigger pip when tipping bucket is translated into action, described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall also comprises the vision sensor that is used to monitor observation tank middle water level, the microprocessor (being video server) that is used for calculating according to visual sensor signal rainfall, described observation tank 13 is positioned at the visual range of vision sensor, described microprocessor comprises: the vision sensor calibration module is used for setting the corresponding relation of the position and the actual buoy position spatially of video image buoy; The buoy position acquisition module is used to gather the video image of video sensor and the position of definite buoy; Rainfall intelligence computation module is used to set the corresponding relation of the water yield of the position of buoy and tipping bucket; After receiving the trigger pip that triggers sensor, the signal of acquisition vision sensor, detect the position that overturning action buoy of preceding moment takes place tipping bucket automatically, and according to the actual rainfall in the corresponding relation calculating tipping bucket, buoy position in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action of detection tipping bucket, initial rain in the metering tipping bucket obtains this after actual rainfall and initial rain subtract each other and topples over rainfall.

The intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall of present embodiment is made of rainfall collector unit, video image acquisition and processing unit, network communication unit etc.; Described rainfall gathering-device is used to observe instantaneous rainfall and accumulative total rainfall, the top of designed rainfall gathering-device is a water container 6, water container 6 is conical barrel shape body, rainwater is compiled by conical barrel shape body water container, the little funnel by the roundlet protecting wire net is housed and the drainage tube 8 of lower end thereof, rainwater enters tipping bucket 11; A fulcrum 12 is arranged on the tipping bucket 11, the Position Design of fulcrum 12 just in time can make the tipping bucket overturning when the water yield that contains when tipping bucket 11 reaches certain quantitative value, automatically the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket 11 is toppled over, drainage tube 8 is by fluid stopping device 10 in the process of tipping bucket 11 overturnings, the water yield is temporarily rested in the drainage tube 8 of little funnel and lower end thereof, when the water yield that tipping bucket 11 overturnings contain in tipping bucket topple over finish after, as shown in Figure 3, tipping bucket 11 is opened fluid stopping device 10 automatically and is made rainwater enter tipping bucket 11 again because the effect of center of gravity restoring force returns to the origin-location; Dan buoy 7 that color characteristic is arranged of design in the tipping bucket 11, as shown in Figure 2, dan buoy 7 tops are red beads, observe the position of this dan buoy (red bead) by video, but dan buoy 7 is positioned in the groove 13 that an above-below direction in the rainfall gathering-device moves, releasing slots when dan buoy 7 can be owing to the water of toppling in the tipping bucket, the computer vision scope can detect the whole scope of activities of dan buoy 7; Groove 13 communicates with tipping bucket 11 bottoms, forms the water route; When the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket 11 changes, the water level of groove 13 is also corresponding to change, because buoyancy function dan buoy 7 will move up, the rainfall that can reflect in the tipping bucket 11 to be contained what, the schematic diagram that the mode of vision detects rainfall is as shown in Figure 3.According to above-mentioned description, described tipping bucket design will be satisfied several conditions: 1) volume condition: it is 100ml that the rainfall of tipping bucket is collected maximum; 2) design conditions of rainfall: the rainwater volume in dan buoy position and the tipping bucket must calculate by simple formula, that is to say to observe the dan buoy position obtain the collected rainfall of tipping bucket rapidly by video; 3) no leak condition: in the water yield toppling process that the tipping bucket overturning contains in tipping bucket, the fluid stopping device action makes drainage tube be in the viscous flow state; 4) operation condition of tipping bucket: when the rainfall of tipping bucket collection reached maximum 100ml, tipping bucket energy precision maneuver can reset rapidly again after tipping bucket overturning action is finished, and stops the viscous flow state of drainage tube simultaneously, makes rainwater can flow in the tipping bucket; 5) anticorrosion condition: owing to the corrosion composition that includes in the rainwater some materials, selected tipping bucket material is corrosion-resistant.

Described volume condition, in the present invention with the flat type trapezoidal shape that is designed to of tipping bucket, as shown in Figure 1, width with tipping bucket among the present invention is designed to a constant basis W, the lower bottom edge lengths of trapezoidal side is 1, and base, the top length of trapezoidal side is L, and trapezoidal overall height is H, when the collected rainfall of tipping bucket arrived maximum height, the volume of rainwater can calculate with formula (1) in the tipping bucket:

$V=\frac{W*H*(l+L)}{2}---\left(1\right)$

The design conditions of described rainfall, the length x of trapezoidal side is along with the height y of water level changes and changes, therefore length x is the line shape function of height y, so we can try to achieve when certain height the volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket by this relational expression, formula is shown in (2):

$V\left(y\right)=\frac{W*y*[l+y*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]}{2}---\left(2\right)$

Can know from above-mentioned formula, as long as we measure the dan buoy position, just obtain height y, just can calculate at certain volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket highly the time, can certainly design a form in advance, tabling look-up by some height y obtains the volume of corresponding rainwater.Know that from formula (2) accuracy of measurement of rainfall depends on the manufacturing accuracy of tipping bucket.

Described no leak condition, when tipping bucket overturning action beginning, because the effect of the slide rail 14 on tipping bucket, make 10 actions of fluid stopping device make drainage tube be in the viscous flow state, the bocca that promotes fluid stopping device 10 moves upward and plays the effect of a cone valve, thereby block the fluid passage of drainage tube, make rainwater during the tipping bucket overturning, still be retained in drainage tube or the little funnel; And when tipping bucket recovered the origin-location, bocca relied on the effect of spring force to make and the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube has guaranteed to produce in the sluicing process error of omission loss.

Described anticorrosion condition adopts aluminum alloy materials to make tipping bucket and other parts in this patent, and inside is smooth in the tipping bucket, so that some dregs in the tipping bucket can be cleared up away in tipping bucket overturning process.

The operation condition of described tipping bucket, the center of gravity of tipping bucket changes that principle realizes when being the volume-variation by rainwater, among Fig. 3 when the rainwater volume in the tipping bucket reaches maximum volume, relatively and the balance of the center of gravity of the center of gravity of the rainwater of fulcrum and tipping bucket itself destroyed, the overturning action takes place in tipping bucket automatically, because the error on making has designed an adjustment piece in the present invention, the center of gravity of regulating the tipping bucket itself of relative and fulcrum by the adjustment piece reaches the action of tipping bucket accurately.

In order to remedy some intrinsic defectives and the deficiency on the tipping bucket type sensor measurement rainfall, among the present invention the udometric advantage of float type is remedied the defective and the deficiency of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, particularly because tipping bucket chamber water body is residual, the influence of residual silt in tipping bucket chamber and greasy dirt, tipping pivot is undertaken the stochastic error that influence that the retardance of changed play and sand and dust makes change in friction force or the like is caused, this stochastic error has caused the actual rainfall of each measurement different with the measurement rainfall, such as actual rainfall is 101ml, 99ml, 100ml, ..., but tipping bucket type sensor measurement rainfall is all thought 100ml; In this patent, adopt the method for designing that buoy is arranged in the tipping bucket, in measuring principle is to measure the water yield in the tipping bucket by measuring buoy position in the tipping bucket, detect tipping bucket by the Video Detection means the water yield in the tipping bucket of moment before the overturning action takes place automatically, so actual rainfall can reach consistent with the measurement rainfall; Buoy position in the tipping bucket behind the tipping bucket autonomous recovery action measures the initial rain in the tipping bucket simultaneously, can get rid of also that tipping bucket chamber water body is residual, the residual silt in tipping bucket chamber etc. is to the stochastic error of metering rainfall, tipping bucket is just as the rainfall gathering-device in this sense, and real metering rainfall measures (no matter being that wide range and little range all are the buoy positions that depends in the tipping bucket) by buoy position, and overturning is taken place this tipping bucket automatically moves buoy position y (i) in the instantaneous tipping bucket _{Action-before}And the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterBe stored in the mnemon, calculate actual this tipping bucket by formula (3) water yield of toppling in the overturning process takes place automatically;

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20061015467100261.png,A20061015467100271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}{2}*[y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]$

$-y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]\}---\left(3\right)$

What try to achieve by formula (3) is that this topples over the water yield fallen, and the moment (little Hour Minute Second of date) that the overturning action simultaneously this time tipping bucket takes place automatically is stored in the hyetograph of database together.

There are strict regulation in World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and China Meteorological Administration for hyetometry, and at present, well-known rain, snowfall measurement unit are " millimeters ".Stipulate 200 millimeters and be the Sheng rain mouth standard bore of hyetometry instrument, enter the millimeter value that depth of accumulated water in this is rainfall.By formula (4), (5) are calculated and can be got:

Bore: D=200mm+0.6mm (0.6mm is for containing rain mouth hem width) (4)

Area: S=3.1416* (10.03) ²Cm ²=316cm ²(5)

Value by formula (3) and formula (5) are calculated just can obtain this detected rainfall according to formula (6) then,

$\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)=\frac{V\left(i\right)}{S}---\left(6\right)$

The information such as the moment that the overturning action takes place automatically by the rainfall that write down in the hyetograph and tipping bucket can be in the hope of hourly precipitation, every day quantity of precipitation and 00-06,06-12,12-18, the accumulative total quantity of precipitation of 18-24 period, calculate by computing formula (7):

${\mathrm{Rain}}_{\mathrm{total}}=\underset{i=\mathrm{starttime}}{\overset{\mathrm{endtime}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)---\left(7\right)$

When calculating hourly precipitation, exactly the rainfall record in some hour time is added up; Same method is calculated every day during quantity of precipitation, exactly with zero the time before 12 of time to nights the rainfall record in the time add up; Lacking, detection time little owing to detection limit for trace of precipitation and per minute quantity of precipitation and caused the buoy amount of movement little, therefore must be that unit detects at the buoy position y of tipping bucket (i) with the per second _NowWith the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterRelative displacement, calculate by computing formula (8):

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20061015467100261.png,A20061015467100271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}{2}*\{y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{now}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{now}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]-y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-l)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)\left]\right\}---\left(8\right)$

By formula (6), (7), the rainfall that is accumulated in a certain minute can obtain the trace of precipitation value by adding up in the long time to trace of precipitation equally in the hope of per minute quantity of precipitation.

It is to pass through the video image that obtains to handle and obtain buoy position that the buoy position y of described tipping bucket detects, for the simplified image computing, colour planning with buoy in this patent becomes red, and so Shang Mian detection just can be reduced to the position problems of red part in the space; The video image that reads from camera head is a rgb color space, rgb color space is responsive to brightness ratio, particularly the rain gage that uses in the open air should and not cause mistake to measure by the brightness variation, here pass through the color space conversion module with of the conversion of image rgb color space, do homework for obtaining the buoy locus to yuv space;

The YUV color model is a kind of color model commonly used, its essential characteristic is that luminance signal is separated with color signal, Y represents brightness, and U, V are two chrominance components, the expression aberration, generally be blue, red relative value is because human eye is to the variation comparison change in color sensitivity of brightness, therefore, the shared bandwidth of the value of Y component provides more than or equal to linear dependence between shared bandwidth YUV of chrominance component and the RGB model such as formula (9) in the YUV model

Y＝0.301 ^*R+0.586 ^*G+0.113 ^*B

U＝-0.301 ^*R-0.586 ^*G+0.887 ^*B (9)

V＝0.699 ^*R-0.586 ^*G-0.113 ^*B

Because we only are concerned about the locus of buoy in rain gage, when calculating, therefore above-mentioned formula, obtains corresponding binary image then as long as calculate the value of red component, and we are with the position as buoy point spatially, the geometric center position of buoy.Because the image in the computing machine is unit representation with the pixel, in addition because camera model is not all to be linear in the whole video scope, therefore need set up the size of real space and the mapping relations of the size in the image, the i.e. demarcation of vision rain sensor.

The demarcation of described vision rain sensor, be that the scale of a size greater than the movable range of buoy is placed on the buoy event trace line, read scale on the scale by computing machine, then with the pixel of each scale correspondence in image, and corresponding result is stored in the mapping table, and the position by buoy in the video image just can obtain actual buoy position spatially like this.

In order to reduce udometric power consumption to greatest extent, utilize tipping bucket overturning action to give birth to a trigger pip in the present invention from movable property, if rain sensor is measured the buoy in the tipping bucket less than the power supply that just activates immediately at the measurement state in the rain sensor; If no switching signal sends in a period of time, represent that promptly rainfall finishes, system enters dormant state automatically.When the trigger pip unit 15 in the accompanying drawing 4 when tipping bucket 11 the overturning action takes place, can send a pulse signal, this trigger pip unit 15 has also played the positioning action that tipping bucket 11 returns to form simultaneously.

Rain often many in night, and night is because brightness can influence the detection of video inadequately, under the prerequisite that activates the rainfall measuring apparatus, start brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module when measuring automatically in luminance shortage among the present invention, so that can the round-the-clock rainfall measurement that carries out; Described brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module, it is the luminance component that obtains Y according to the image rgb color space to the result of the conversion of yuv space, if when the value of Y during less than thresholding Ymin, system turns on the electricity-saving lamp above the camera automatically, the brightness of electricity-saving lamp is as long as can surpass about 10% of thresholding Ymin, when the value of Y surpass thresholding Ymin 20% the time, system's automatic cutout is to the power supply of electricity-saving lamp.

The error in dipping that causes in order to prevent from tipping bucket generation overturning course of action, to sluice, make drainage tube be in the viscous flow state by the fluid stopping device action among the present invention, in the tipping bucket overturning process because the effect of slide rail, the promotion bocca moves upward and plays the effect of a cone valve, thereby block the fluid passage of drainage tube, make rainwater during the tipping bucket overturning, still be retained in drainage tube or the little funnel; And when tipping bucket recovers the origin-location, bocca relies on the effect of the restoring force of spring 9 to make the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube, simultaneously also produce a trigger pip and activate the rainfall measuring apparatus, therefore the design of tipping bucket will be satisfied two requirements: 1) slide rail on the tipping bucket must make the effect of cone valve block the fluid passage of drainage tube in the tipping bucket overturning in the past, prevents to sluice in tipping bucket generation overturning course of action and the error in dipping that causes; 2) and when tipping bucket recovers the origin-location, bocca relies on the effect of spring force to make the unimpeded tipping bucket that enters of rainwater of drainage tube can activate the rainfall measuring apparatus as a trigger pip simultaneously, makes rain gage to move under the extremely low power dissipation situation.

Described video image acquisition and treating apparatus, adopted omnibearing vision sensor among the present invention, its objective is and can detect video information on every side simultaneously again in the video information that reads dan buoy, rain sensor also can detect the video information of disasteies such as rubble flow like this; Omnibearing vision sensor is shown in right-hand component among Fig. 4, and collector lens 4 and image unit 5 are fixed on the bottom of cylinder; The catadioptric mirror 1 of a downward deep camber is being fixed on the top of cylinder, in the bottom center of catadioptric mirror 1 inverted cone 2 of a black is installed, and is used to prevent that light is saturated; Its optical principle be the luminous point of panoramic picture through transparent housing 3, on catadioptric mirror 1, form catadioptric, then imaging on CMOS image unit 5.Information Compression in the hemisphere (catadioptric mirror) can be become piece image like this, make that the quantity of information in the piece image is bigger.

Select embedded Linux system among the present invention, mainly reach collection sensing, communication, move and be the purpose of one, comprised software and hardware technology in the embedded Linux system, wherein built-in Linux software is core technology, and it can realize the function of the video server of omni-directional visual.

Built-in Linux omnibearing vision sensor system architecture as shown in Figure 6.Aspect embedded system hardware, the S3c2410 development board of selecting Samsung company for use is embedded arm9 hardware platform, inner integrated 32 8-digit microcontrollers of the ARM920T of ARM company processor core of processor, in addition, the SDRAM that Flash that configuration 16MB is 16 and 64MB are 32.Expand a network interface and draw a HOST USB interface by ethernet controller chip DM9000E.By the camera of an external band USB mouth on USB interface, the vedio data that collects is transferred in the input block handles.

Described video server, its objective is and constantly read the taken scene image information of omnibearing vision sensor, and provide support to wired and wireless network, make diverse network and distance host carry out the Socket communication, be implemented in and carry out video analysis and processing on the distance host, also can by the wireless network transmissions scene information to mobile phone, make things convenient for the user to check field data whenever and wherever possible.The framework of omnibearing vision sensor video server is set up video server as shown in Figure 5 in S3c2410.

The rain gage sensor of making according to above-mentioned principle only needs to adjust the level of pedestal when mounted, need not adjustment tipping bucket sensibility reciprocal, if check it can reliably stir, so Installation and Debugging are simple and easy to do; Owing to adopted touchless video measuring can reduce failure rate, reduced and safeguard or Maintenance free.

The tipping bucket of the rain sensor among the present invention is not as metering unit, even being arranged, a small amount of soil deposition undertakes changed play in tipping bucket small room and tipping pivot, cause tipping bucket sensibility reciprocal subtle change, can not influence tipping bucket normally stirs, sand and dust will be deposited in the float chamber bottom, just the float operate as normal can be do not influenced as long as the assurance water route is unobstructed, additional measuring error can be do not produced yet.

Present embodiment provides the highly reliable digital video rainfall of a kind of high precision observed pattern, satisfied the requirement of the high precision scope of hydrometeorological department urgent need, with light, machine,, communication, technology such as Flame Image Process integrate, realized Intelligent Calculation, various measuring error have been eliminated, the resolving power and the measuring accuracy of rain sensor have been improved, various power consumptions have been reduced, realized the automatic data acquisition processing of rainfall, various means of communication and various control function are provided, can be under the environmental baseline of very severe reliably working, this rain sensor is supported diverse network communication simultaneously, can carry out networking easily, provide a kind of new means the rainfall distribution situation of holding the zone simultaneously.

Embodiment 2

Vision sensor with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 6 present embodiment adopts general camera, and this camera is aimed at dan buoy and detected, and must guarantee when design and installation that the field range of camera covers the whole movable stroke of dan buoy.All the other structures, the course of work are identical with embodiment 1.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision, comprise the rainfall gathering-device, described rainfall gathering-device comprises water container, tipping bucket, described water container lower end is provided with drainage tube, the below of this drainage tube is a tipping bucket, described tipping bucket is installed on the hinged-support, described hinged-support is positioned at when the water yield that contains when tipping bucket reaches the setting quantitative value just in time can make the tipping bucket overturning, the water yield that contains in the tipping bucket is toppled over the rear dump that finishes because the effect of center of gravity restoring force returns to the balance fulcrum of origin-location, it is characterized in that: block drainage tube when being installed in the tipping bucket overturning on the described tipping bucket, tipping bucket recovers the fluid stopping device that drainage tube is decontroled in the back, and the type of tamper evidence of described fluid stopping device cooperates with the lower end of drainage tube; Be provided with the observation tank in described tipping bucket, described observation tank is communicated with the tipping bucket bottom, is provided with the buoy with color characteristic in the described observation tank; Described tipping bucket connects the triggering sensor that is used for producing the switching trigger pip when tipping bucket is translated into action, described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall also comprises the vision sensor that is used to monitor observation tank middle water level, the microprocessor that is used for calculating according to visual sensor signal rainfall, described observation tank is positioned at the visual range of vision sensor, and described microprocessor comprises:

The vision sensor calibration module is used for setting the corresponding relation of the position and the actual buoy position spatially of video image buoy;

The buoy position acquisition module is used to gather the video image of video sensor and the position of definite buoy; Rainfall intelligence computation module is used to set the corresponding relation of the water yield of the position of buoy and tipping bucket; After receiving the trigger pip that triggers sensor, the signal of acquisition vision sensor, detect the position that overturning action buoy of preceding moment takes place tipping bucket automatically, and according to the actual rainfall in the corresponding relation calculating tipping bucket, buoy position in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action of detection tipping bucket, initial rain in the metering tipping bucket obtains this after actual rainfall and initial rain subtract each other and topples over rainfall.

2, the intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tipping bucket is flat type trapezoidal shape, the width of tipping bucket is a constant basis W, the lower bottom edge lengths of trapezoidal side is l, base, the top length of trapezoidal side is L, trapezoidal overall height is H; the position of buoy is the height y of water level; in rainfall intelligence computation module; the length x of tipping bucket trapezoidal side is the line shape function of the height y of water level; set up the corresponding relation of the volume of rainwater in the height of water level and the tipping bucket, formula is shown in (2):

$V\left(y\right)=\frac{W*y*[l+y*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]}{2}---\left(2\right)$

In the following formula, V is the volume of rainwater in the tipping bucket;

Overturning is taken place in this tipping bucket automatically move buoy position y (i) in the instantaneous tipping bucket _{Action-before}And the buoy position y (i-1) in the tipping bucket behind the preceding autonomous recovery action _Action-afterBe stored in the mnemon, calculate actual this tipping bucket by formula (3) water yield of toppling in the overturning process takes place automatically;

$V\left(i\right)=\frac{W}{2}*\{y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{bcfore}}*[l+y{\left(i\right)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{before}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]---\left(3\right);$

$-y{(i-1)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*[l+y{(i-1)}_{\mathrm{action}-\mathrm{after}}*\left(\frac{L-l}{H}\right)]\}$

The area of setting water container is S, just can obtain this detected rainfall according to formula (6),

$\mathrm{Rain}\left(i\right)=\frac{V\left(i\right)}{S}---\left(6\right)$

In the following formula, Rain is a rainfall.

3, the intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in rainfall intelligence computation module, write down the moment that the overturning action takes place this time tipping bucket automatically, and each overturning is recorded in the data-base recording table constantly, and write down each and translate into rainfall constantly, the utilization statistical calculates the rainfall of setting-up time section.

4, as the described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall of one of claim 1-3 based on computer vision, it is characterized in that: in rainfall intelligence computation module, after receiving the trigger pip that triggers sensor, open power supply, begin to gather the video image of video sensor, there is not the switching trigger pip, the shutoff power supply as surpassing the time of setting.

5, as the described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall of one of claim 1-3 based on computer vision, it is characterized in that: at the buoy position acquisition module, read the video image of observation tank, with the conversion of image rgb color space to yuv space, transforming relationship is as follows by the color space conversion module:

Y＝0.301*R+0.586*G+0.113*B

U＝-0.301*R-0.586*G+0.887*B (9)

V＝0.699*R-0.586*G-0.113*B

In the following formula, Y represents the brightness of YUV color model, and U, V are two chrominance components of YUV color model, the expression aberration; R represents the redness of rgb color space; G represents the green of rgb color space; B represents the blueness of rgb color space;

Calculate the value of buoy color component, obtain corresponding binary image then, with position, the geometric center position of buoy as buoy point spatially.

6, as the described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall of one of claim 1-3 based on computer vision, it is characterized in that: described fluid stopping device comprises the slide rail that is installed on the tipping bucket, is positioned at the roller on the slide rail, roller on described slide rail and the type of tamper evidence relies on spring force closely to contact, described roller is installed in described drainage tube bottom, is provided with back-moving spring between described roller and described drainage tube bottom.

7, the intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: when tipping bucket is positioned at initial position, the nearest end of described slide rail and hinged-support contacts with roller, type of tamper evidence is in relaxation state, the bottom of the slide rail other end is positioned on the back-up block, and described triggering sensor is between the surface of contact of slide rail and back-up block.

8, as the described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall of one of claim 1-3 based on computer vision, it is characterized in that: described rainfall intelligence computation module also comprises small rainfall measurement unit, be used to set the buoy position sample frequency of video sensor, periodically read the position of buoy, the buoy position that detects in the tipping bucket in each cycle changes, the small rainfall data of statistics setting-up time section.

9, the intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described video sensor is an omnibearing vision sensor, comprise catadioptric mirror, transparent cylinder, the catadioptric mirror of downward deep camber is fixed on the top of described transparent cylinder, collector lens and image unit are fixed on the simplified bottom of circle, and the lower central of described catadioptric mirror is provided with the black inverted cone.

10, intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall based on computer vision as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described intelligence testing apparatus for precipitation rain fall also comprises illuminating lamp, described illuminating lamp is installed on the vision sensor, described microprocessor also comprises brightness judgement and electricity-saving lamp switch module, be used to extract the image rgb color space obtains Y to the result of the conversion of yuv space luminance component, if when the value of Y during less than thresholding Ymin, automatically connect illuminating lamp, the brightness of illuminating lamp is 10% of thresholding Ymin, when the value of Y surpass thresholding Ymin 20% the time, automatic cutout is to the power supply of illuminating lamp.

Images