CN1963383A - Method for measuring thickness of insulating sheath of cable - Google Patents
Method for measuring thickness of insulating sheath of cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN1963383A CN1963383A CN 200610118882 CN200610118882A CN1963383A CN 1963383 A CN1963383 A CN 1963383A CN 200610118882 CN200610118882 CN 200610118882 CN 200610118882 A CN200610118882 A CN 200610118882A CN 1963383 A CN1963383 A CN 1963383A
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Abstract
This invention relates to one cable insulation protection thickness measurement method, which collects current images through images collection device and identifies the current images by use of computer. The whole invention method comprises two main parts: one is to identify by amplified times to identify the object with standard scale unit to compute level and vertical unit pixel and unit length for cut slice thickness measurement pixel and length conversion; two for sample measurement identification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable.
Background technology
The insulation of cable and jacket thickness are directly connected to the personal safety problem, therefore country has issued that " quality control of electric wire series products factory detects and requires " and corresponding GB require and Valuation Standard (GB/T2951.1-1997), issued general experimental technique simultaneously, the projector that adopts the method need amplify at least 10 times carries out enlarging projection to the insulation or the jacket portions that extract, then projection section is carried out hand dipping.The insulation of present domestic measurement cable and the method for jacket thickness are mainly manual operation, and domestic and international large-scale image recognition software is a lot, but as common software, complicated operation can not be differentiated the result automatically and generate form.
Existing method needs three steps:
1) section: adopt razor blade or the manual operations of art designing's blade at present, the promptly dangerous control accuracy that is difficult to again.
2) normal temperature is deposited: at present sample is placed in the room that air-conditioning is housed (25 ℃) and preserved 24 hours, precision is difficult to guarantee, wastes a large amount of electric energy simultaneously again.
3) measure: the projector that amplifies at least 10 times carries out enlarging projection to the insulation or the jacket portions that extract, then projection section is carried out hand dipping.
There are shortcomings such as efficient is low, error is big, human factor is big in this existing method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of measurement result measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable more accurately.
The present invention is implemented by the following technical programs: a kind of measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable, it comprises the steps:
(1) places the master scale dish, utilize image collecting device that the master scale dish is carried out image acquisition;
(2) utilize computing machine that the image that collects is discerned, calculate the number of pixels on this unit length in the image that is collected of unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between unit picture element and the unit length, and be stored in the computing machine;
(3) with cutting knife cable sample is carried out radial section and cut to such an extent that at least one is cut into slices, the axial width of described each section equals the thickness of described master scale dish;
(4) remove the master scale dish, at least one above-mentioned section is placed into the position that the primary standard index dial is placed, utilize image collecting device that image acquisition is carried out in section;
(5) utilize computing machine that the sectioning image that collects is carried out inner outline and outer contour identification, calculate the smallest radial thickness of described section according to the radiometer between described unit picture element and the unit length.
Described step (3) and step (4) are carried out under constant temperature.
After described step (5) was finished, with described section original place rotation repeatedly, each rotation back repeating step (5) calculated the mean value of thickness size at the smallest radial thickness place of this section at last.
Before described master scale dish and section carried out image acquisition, described master scale dish and section be amplified and fixedly carry out image acquisition again behind the multiple.
In step (2), calculating in the image that is collected of unit length correspondence of master scale dish the number of pixels on this unit length will carry out in two steps:
(a) calculate the pixels across number on this horizontal unit length in the image that is collected of horizontal unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between horizontal unit picture element and the unit length;
(b) calculate the vertical number of pixels on this vertical unit length in the image that is collected of vertical unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between vertical unit pixel and the unit length;
Wherein, step (a) and step (b) are in no particular order.
In the described step (5), the smallest radial thickness that calculates described section is by section being divided into a plurality of zones, calculate the smallest radial thickness of each break area respectively, the minimum value in the smallest radial thickness of a plurality of break area is the smallest radial thickness of this section.
Described image collector is changed to a yard camera.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention is directed to the electric wire series products and measure the shortcoming that adopts general experimental technique to exist, utilize the image recognition technology method to measure cable insulation and jacket thickness, it guarantees that whole measuring process is objective, just, accurate, increases work efficiency.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the process flow diagram of measuring method of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the process flow diagram of enlargement factor identification in the measuring method of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the result schematic diagram that enlargement factor detects in the measuring method of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the section subregion synoptic diagram of rounded internal surface of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the section subregion synoptic diagram of non-circular inner surface of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the process flow diagram that slice thickness detects in the measuring method of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 7 is an enlargement factor recognition result synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 8 is numbered 1 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 9 is numbered 2 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 10 is numbered 3 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 11 is numbered 4 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 12 is numbered 5 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 13 is numbered 6 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 14 is numbered 7 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 15 is numbered 8 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 16 is numbered 9 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1;
Accompanying drawing 17 is numbered 10 profile synoptic diagram for test sample in the table 1.
Embodiment
Following mask body is introduced the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable, it mainly gathers current images by the high resolving power digital camera head, and utilize computing machine that current images is discerned, its entire method mainly comprises two parts: a part is the identification that enlargement factor is measured, specifically be that the index dial that contains master scale unit is discerned, calculate the ratio of the unit length on horizontal and vertical unit picture element and the index dial respectively, be used for pixel and length transition that slice thickness is measured, before formal the measurement, must at first carry out this mensuration at every turn; Some is a sample measurement identification.
The concrete steps of the identification of enlargement factor are seen Fig. 1:
At first the master scale dish is placed on a fixed position, utilizes the high resolving power digital camera head that the master scale dish is carried out image acquisition;
By computing machine the image that collects is discerned again.According to image processing method of the prior art, at first to carry out pre-service to the image of gathering, its pretreated key step comprises that image gray processing processing (image is converted into black and white gray scale picture), histogram modification are (according to minimum and maximum threshold values, image is strengthened), the edge keeps wave filter (this algorithm is a kind of algorithm that grows up on mean filter and median filter basis, can in the filtering noise pulse, be unlikely to make soft edge again).
Then calculate the number of pixels on this unit length in the image that is collected of unit length correspondence of master scale dish.In measuring method of the present invention, consider the horizontal of image and vertically may have distortion, the magnification ratio that is horizontal direction and vertical direction may be different, so necessary calculated level and vertical enlargement factor respectively, extract the horizontal and vertical lines bar respectively, and calculate the minor increment of every horizontal or vertical lines, the mean value of the distance of all horizontal or vertical lines is as the pixel of unit scale, and try to achieve vertical and horizontal amplification coefficient with the physical length of unit scale respectively, the basis of next time measuring as computing machine.Simultaneous computer provides the manual fine-tuning function, can automatic recognition result be finely tuned according to the corresponding measurement result of base map.For example as shown in Figure 3, unit length on the master scale dish of current correspondence is 50 μ m, and the pixels across of a unit length correspondence and vertical pixel are respectively 4, at this moment the ratio between vertical pixel of unit pixels across and unit and the unit length all is 0.25, therefore the pairing actual range of the vertical pixel of unit pixels across and unit is 12.5 μ m, in the test process of next step sample, as long as, multiply by 12.5 μ m again and just can obtain physical length by determining pixel size.The result of computer Recognition as shown in Figure 3.From figure as a result as can be seen: recognition effect is very good, and error is very little, and this error is the measuring error of thickness of sample.
Obtain the ratio between unit picture element and the unit length, and be stored in the computing machine.
The concrete steps of sample measurement identification are as follows:
(1) with cutting knife cable sample is carried out radial section and cut to such an extent that at least one is cut into slices, the axial width of described each section equals the thickness of described master scale dish; According to the GB requirement, every kind of sample cuts 3 sections at diverse location, and the axial width of each section equals the thickness of master scale dish, then carries out 3 times and measures, and whether then according to minimum thickness, average thickness and surface area, it is qualified to judge.
Before sample measurement, at first need through selecting sample type to be checked (sample difference, last Calculation Method is all different with requirement), requirement is different with detection method can be divided into test sample 10 kinds (shape of test sample is shown in Fig. 8～17) according to detecting in the pre-service, as shown in table 1.
The type of table 1 test sample and detection requirement
| Numbering | Type | The border number | The thickness number |
| 1 | Insulation and jacket thickness are measured (rounded internal surface) | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | Insulation thickness is measured (sector conductor) | 2 | 6 |
| 3 | Insulation thickness is measured (stranded conductor 1) | 2 | 6 |
| 4 | Insulation thickness is measured (stranded conductor 2) | 2 | 6 |
| 5 | Insulation thickness is measured (irregularity outside surface) | 2 | 6 |
| 6 | Insulation thickness is measured (flat double conductor cord) | 3 | 8 |
| 7 | Jacket thickness is measured (non-circular inner surface) | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | Jacket thickness is measured (irregularity outside surface) | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | Jacket thickness is measured (flat double conductor cord) | 3 | 8 |
| 10 | Jacket thickness is measured (multiple cord) | 20 | 6 |
Store in the recognition system of computing machine by USB then, image identification system is at first determined the border number: the path: from pixel [i1, j1] to pixel [in, jn] path (path) be meant a pixel sequence [i1, j1], [i2, j2], [in, jn], wherein pixel [ik, jk] and pixel [ik+1, jk+1] be mutually adjoint point (1≤k≤n).
Connective: known pixels p, q ∈ S (prospect, image intermediate value are the set of whole pixels of 1), if there be the path of a p to q, and the whole pixels on the path are included among the S, then claim p, q is communicated with.
Border L: the path that sealing is communicated with
One effectively regional, at least two borders; And flat double conductor cord has 3 borders.Jacket thickness measures (multiple cord) because the core number is uncertain, adopts the maximum boundary number of 20 (upper limits on border) as it.
According to the GB requirement, except major axis, minor axis, surface area and minimum thickness, the computing method of other several dot thickness of calculating of dissimilar cables are different with quantity.The general smallest radial thickness that calculates described section is by section being divided into a plurality of zones, calculate the smallest radial thickness of each break area respectively, the smallest radial one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of a plurality of break area of calculating is compared religion, and minimum value wherein is the smallest radial thickness of this section.As to rounded internal surface shown in Figure 4, to calculate a corresponding minimum value near 60 ° at every interval, minimum thickness place, altogether section is divided into 6 zones, and to non-circular inner surface shown in Figure 5, calculate a corresponding minimum value near 120 ° at then every interval, altogether section is divided into 3 zones.
(2) remove the master scale dish, at least one above-mentioned section is placed into the position that the primary standard index dial is placed, utilize the high resolving power digital camera head that image acquisition is carried out in section.
(3) utilize computing machine that the sectioning image that collects is carried out inner outline and outer contour identification, according to above-mentioned exist in the computing machine the unit pixels across, vertically pixel is respectively and the ratio between the unit length, output pixels across, vertical pixel, multiply by this ratio, can calculate the smallest radial thickness of described section again by mathematical operation;
Identification to image in the step (3) comprises image pre-service, steps such as edge extracting and edge thinning.
The pretreated method of pattern in the identification of preprocessing process and above-mentioned enlargement factor to index dial is the same.
After pre-service finished, the beginning profile extracted, and obtains the outer boundary L of image
1With inner boundary L
2, L
3(having a plurality of).For the precision of system is provided, each border L is optimized, gone to discern processing behind the burr.Its key step flow process as shown in Figure 6.
Computing method are as follows:
1, reckoner area S
D is an image-region in the formula, and Count (D) is all number of pixels, and xRate is the enlargement factor of horizontal direction, and yRate is the enlargement factor of vertical direction.
2, calculate major axis and minor axis
(1) the region D central point calculates:
，
P in the formula (X), P (Y) represent the X and Y coordinates of the pixel in the region D respectively, number in Count (P) the expression zone.
(2) major axis: be meant the longest external diameter of only crossing image center,, suppose (x1 by calculating all straight lengths by central point, y1) and (x2, the y2) point on the expression outer boundary L, and (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) straight line of Gou Chenging is crossed central point, then 2 actual range is:
Maximal value is: Lmax=Max (Lp)
(3) minor axis: be meant central point and perpendicular to the external diameter of major axis.
3, calculate minimum thickness
According to the GB requirement, it is as follows to have only the sample on two borders need calculate the minimum thickness computing method:
(1) at first calculate the inner boundary inclusion region center point P c (x, y)
(2) then calculate the some p1 that intersects through central point and inside and outside border, p2 (actual 4 points that intersect press folk prescription to consideration, only get 2 points), the actual range Lp1-p2 (consider enlargement factor, method is calculating Lp12 together) between calculating at 2
(3) get minimum Lp1-p2 at last as minimum thickness
, whenever fix 60 ° and calculate other 5 points, and get minimum value as minimum thickness for two major axis of employing more than the inner boundary as minimum thickness.
4, calculate other thickness
Require detection method according to GB, the angle of every fixed interval (60 ° or 120 °) step-length, and search corresponding point of minimum thickness with certain positive negative angle, as rounded internal surface, adopt ± 10 °.
The measurement result of sample such as Fig. 7, wherein A represents major axis, B represents minor axis; H represents thickness, wherein H
1The expression minimum thickness; L represents the border.From Fig. 7 we treatment effect is very good as can be seen.
Before described master scale dish and section carried out image acquisition, described master scale dish and section be amplified by magnifier and fixedly carry out image acquisition to enlarged image with the high resolving power digital camera head again behind the multiple.
For the accuracy of measuring, all to measure repeatedly each sheet section.Promptly after each measurement is finished, need, and then carry out the thickness measure of sample section, repeat so repeatedly, get the mean value of the thickness size at the smallest radial thickness place of repeatedly measuring at last the rotation of described section original place.
Whole test process is all carried out in the miniature constant temperature space, also is with the auto slice cutter cable sample to be carried out uniform thickness accurately to cut during with section.Can improve precision and energy savings greatly like this.
Simultaneous computer provides the manual correction function, can be to not fogging clear, and the unfavorable recognition result of recognition effect carries out the manual handle function, improves its reliability.
Can print measurement result in the mode that both pictures and texts are excellent by printer by the difference requirement at last, or the information long-distance transmissions be arrived other places by the GPRS device.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) places the master scale dish, utilize image collecting device that the master scale dish is carried out image acquisition;
(2) utilize computing machine that the image that collects is discerned, calculate the number of pixels on this unit length in the image that is collected of unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between unit picture element and the unit length, and be stored in the computing machine;
(3) with cutting knife cable sample is carried out radial section and cut to such an extent that at least one is cut into slices, the axial width of described each section equals the thickness of described master scale dish;
(4) remove the master scale dish, at least one above-mentioned section is placed into the position that the primary standard index dial is placed, utilize image collecting device that image acquisition is carried out in section;
(5) utilize computing machine that the sectioning image that collects is carried out inner outline and outer contour identification, calculate the smallest radial thickness of described section according to the radiometer between described unit picture element and the unit length.
2, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step (3) and step (4) are carried out under constant temperature.
3, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after described step (5) is finished, with the rotation of described section original place repeatedly, each rotation back repeating step (5) calculates the mean value of thickness size at the smallest radial thickness place of this section at last.
4, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before image acquisition is carried out in described master scale dish and section, described master scale dish and section be amplified and fixedly carry out image acquisition again behind the multiple.
5, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step (2), calculating in the image that is collected of unit length correspondence of master scale dish the number of pixels on this unit length will carry out in two steps:
(a) calculate the pixels across number on this horizontal unit length in the image that is collected of horizontal unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between horizontal unit picture element and the unit length;
(b) calculate the vertical number of pixels on this vertical unit length in the image that is collected of vertical unit length correspondence of master scale dish, obtain the ratio between vertical unit pixel and the unit length; Wherein, step (a) and step (b) are in no particular order.
6, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (5), the smallest radial thickness that calculates described section is by section being divided into a plurality of zones, calculate the smallest radial thickness of each break area respectively, the minimum value in the smallest radial thickness of a plurality of break area is the smallest radial thickness of this section.
7, the measuring method of thickness of insulating sheath of cable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described image collector is changed to digital camera head.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101206109B (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-06-09 | 国网武汉高压研究院 | Method for testing cable insulation thickness |
| CN102175175A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-09-07 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Small slice type three-dimensional structure reconstruction system |
| CN102032875B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-02-08 | 王吉林 | Image-processing-based cable sheath thickness measuring method |
| CN102359761A (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-02-22 | 温州大学 | Thickness measuring method for insulating and sheathing materials of cable and optical cable |
| CN105277127A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-27 | 石家庄市申跃电子仪器有限公司 | Intelligent cable thickness block detection instrument |
| CN108592834A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-28 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of measuring device being used for cable insulation layer thickness and inside/outside diameter size |
| CN110108219A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-09 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Measuring method, system, equipment and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of cross-section of cable structure |
| CN110186418A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-30 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of measurement method, system, equipment and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of cross-section of cable product |
| CN113701651A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-11-26 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Cable insulation core size detection method, device and system |
-
2006
- 2006-11-29 CN CN 200610118882 patent/CN1963383A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101206109B (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-06-09 | 国网武汉高压研究院 | Method for testing cable insulation thickness |
| CN102032875B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-02-08 | 王吉林 | Image-processing-based cable sheath thickness measuring method |
| CN102175175A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-09-07 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Small slice type three-dimensional structure reconstruction system |
| CN102359761A (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-02-22 | 温州大学 | Thickness measuring method for insulating and sheathing materials of cable and optical cable |
| CN102359761B (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2014-04-16 | 温州大学 | Thickness measuring method for insulating and sheathing materials of cable and optical cable |
| CN105277127A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-27 | 石家庄市申跃电子仪器有限公司 | Intelligent cable thickness block detection instrument |
| CN108592834A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-28 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of measuring device being used for cable insulation layer thickness and inside/outside diameter size |
| CN108592834B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2023-10-31 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Measuring device for thickness and inner diameter and outer diameter of cable insulating layer |
| CN110108219A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-09 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Measuring method, system, equipment and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of cross-section of cable structure |
| CN110186418A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-30 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of measurement method, system, equipment and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of cross-section of cable product |
| CN113701651A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-11-26 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Cable insulation core size detection method, device and system |
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