CN1956881A - 飞机窗框 - Google Patents

飞机窗框 Download PDF

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CN1956881A
CN1956881A CNA2005800167723A CN200580016772A CN1956881A CN 1956881 A CN1956881 A CN 1956881A CN A2005800167723 A CNA2005800167723 A CN A2005800167723A CN 200580016772 A CN200580016772 A CN 200580016772A CN 1956881 A CN1956881 A CN 1956881A
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window frame
flange
window
outward flange
vertical flanges
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CN100447050C (zh
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延斯·博尔德
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/003Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section
    • B29L2031/005Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section for making window frames
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074Strand or strand-portions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种安装在飞机外壳上的窗框(1),其在各种情况下都包括至少一个外凸缘(2)、一个内凸缘(3)和一个垂直设置在上述凸缘(2、3)之间的垂直凸缘(4),其中通过外凸缘(2)与飞机结构(5)相连,在内凸缘(3)上连接有所要固持的窗元件(7、8),其通过垂直凸缘(4)固持。窗框(1)包含由单向设置的纤维束(20)增强的树脂,其中外凸缘(2)、内凸缘(3)和垂直凸缘(4)三个区域的纤维束方向都沿着机械载荷的方向。制造时,将由单向设置的纤维束制成的半成品部件***到模具(11)中,在压力和温度下注入树脂,然后,以这种方式制成的部件在模具(11)中硬化。

Description

飞机窗框
本申请要求2004年8月9日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/600,104和2004年5月24日提交的德国专利申请No.102004025378.1的优先权,在此引用其全部内容作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种安装在飞机外壳上的窗框,包括至少一个外凸缘、一个内凸缘和垂直设置在上述凸缘之间的垂直凸缘,其中与飞机结构的连接通过外凸缘实现,在内凸缘上附连有所要保持的窗元件,窗元件通过垂直凸缘保持。另外,本发明涉及一种制造这种窗框的方法。
背景技术
在当今大多数所制造及运行的飞机中,使用的是铝制窗框,其包括通过锻造和修整制成的部件。该部件被安排成总共三个区域:外凸缘、内凸缘和垂直于上述两凸缘之间的垂直凸缘。窗框通常在外凸缘上用两行铆钉与飞机结构或者飞机外壳相连接。窗元件搁置在内凸缘上,通常包括两片窗玻璃和设置在其间的密封件,通过一限位件保持在其位置上,该限位件与垂直凸缘相连。
除了固定窗元件外,这种窗框也具有吸收所增大的应变的功能,应变通常发生于安装在载荷传递外壳上的窗户上相对较大切口的边缘处。从而一方面窗框的外凸缘用于加强该切口,而另一方面,通过外凸缘,窗框和外壳通过铆钉相互连接到一起。由于制造这种现有的铝窗框通常通过锻造,因此无法得到有利于铆钉力分布的窗框轮廓截面分布,因为为了能够进行简单铆接,凸缘的倾斜度最大可能会达到约两度的角度。
内凸缘用于容纳窗元件,这里简化了窗安装的倾斜度。同时,由存在于客舱的内部压力所产生的载荷通过该内凸缘传递到飞机外壳上。
垂直凸缘专门用作窗框上的加强肋,以在最小的可能重量下最小化外壳上的张力。在该垂直凸缘上,附连有有眼螺栓,窗元件的限位件或者保持件通常通过该螺栓保持在其位置上。同时,在安装窗元件时,垂直凸缘还构成引导件。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种上述类型的窗框,与现今针对此应用使用的窗框相比其可以显著减轻重量。同时,制造这种窗框的成本也应当尽可能降低。另外,通过本发明,可以提供制造这种窗框的简便且能节约成本的方法。
本发明通过一种包含单向设置纤维束增强树脂的窗框实现第一目。另一目的通过一种方法实现,其中一种由单向设置的纤维束制成的半成品部件***到模具中,在压力和温度下注入树脂,然后通过该方式制成的部件在模具中硬化。
本发明尝试利用由带有适于承载纤维结构的纤维复合结构制成的窗框,其中纤维沿着载荷方向,从而与迄今使用的铝窗框相比,可以减轻大约50%的重量。由于根据本发明优化了的层结构,根据本发明的窗框与由带有准各向同性层结构的半成品部件制成的纤维窗框相比还能再减轻大约20%的重量。除了能大大减轻重量的效果之外,这种部件的成本与铝锻构件制成的窗框相比并未升高。
同时,可以使得根据本发明的纤维窗框的制造公差为平均每5mm壁厚大约为0.2mm,相当于约4%的制造公差。相反地,对于铝锻窗框,根据加工方法的不同,对于同样壁厚会达到大约1.5mm的公差,相当于大约30%的制造公差。因此,通过本发明,不仅仅可以在各窗框之间大大减轻重量波动,而且同时大大简化了窗框在飞机上的安装以及窗元件在窗框上的安装。最后,本发明窗框的其它优点包括增强了安全性以及大大改善了绝热性。
附图说明
下面,将参考附图中所示实施例来更详细地介绍本发明。附图中:
图1示出了窗框的透视图;
图2示出了根据图1窗框的安装位置的详细剖面图;
图3示出了处于打开状态的制造图1窗框的模具部件;
图4示出了处于闭合状态的图3模具;
图5和6示出了图1窗框的主要方向视图,其中图6是图5中VI区域的详细视图;
图7以原理图示出了图1窗框的适于承载层结构的方向;
图8示出了预制件结构的剖面图;以及
图9至12示出了图1窗框不同区域的纤维方向(fiber progression)。
具体实施方式
图1所示窗框1由纤维结构制成,与已知的铝锻窗框类似,也具有外凸缘2、内凸缘3以及设置在两内外凸缘之间的垂直凸缘4。然而与普通的铝窗框相反,在这种情况下外凸缘2具有均匀一致的周缘。另外,与相应的铝锻构件相反,外凸缘2在不同径向区域具有变化的厚度。这使得在铆接区域和外壳切口区域具有大大改善的材料利用效率。图2用详细剖面图进行了更清楚地表示,其中示出了该窗框1在飞机外壳5上的安装位置。在该图中还示出了窗框连接外壳5的铆钉位置6,以及两个窗玻璃7和8,其和密封件9一起构成了窗元件。
窗框1通过所谓的“树脂转移模塑法”或者RTM技术进行制造。在此方面,首先由纤维制造模塑部件10,即所谓的预制件。其接下来放置在一个两部分模具11中,如图3和4所示。在下模具12和上模具13中,设置有在此情况下形成为两部分的内型芯14和外型芯15。预制件10插在两型芯14和15之间,模具11闭合,在压力和温度下,将树脂注入该模具中。然后完整的部件1在模具11中硬化。预制件10可以被制成一完整部件,或者通过所谓的子预制技术,由各结构子元件或者子预制件组合而形成完整的窗框1。
在每种情况下,预制件10都包括单独的层,其可以由单向性的、周向纤维束构成。各纤维层的方向或位置对于本文所述窗框1的重量减轻来说是关键因素。非窗框周向方向的纤维方向无法达到本文所述装置实现的减轻重量的效果。图5和6示出了主方向0°、45°、90°的主要层方向。0°方向表示窗框1的周向方向,90°方向沿着径向方向,45°方向穿过从垂直凸缘4到外凸缘2的过渡区域。
图7至12详细示出了纤维方向。图7用原理图示出了窗框1的适于承载层结构的方向,图8示出了纤维束层结构的剖面图。在该图中,附图标记20表示内凸缘的0°绕芯,附图标记23表示在所有外部区域带有±60°设置的纤维束以及在所有外部区域从外凸缘2延伸到内凸缘3的带有±60°设置的纤维束,附图标记24表示在垂直凸缘4区域带有0°和90°设置的纤维束,25表示在外凸缘2区域带有±45°设置的纤维束。这些层方向在外凸缘2、内凸缘3和垂直凸缘4的交界面上测量。为了获得沿着载荷方向的纤维方向,为窗框2选择一种结构方式,概述如下:
外凸缘2:
—在铆接区域为准各向同性的径向结构;
垂直凸缘4:
—0°芯用于承受主要载荷;
—±60°层位于外侧。
内凸缘3:
—0°方向为主;
—±60°层位于外侧;
—90°用于加强。
从图9至图12可以看出,在各图中左部示出的窗框1被放大了其一部分,各直线放置的纤维具有下述细节:
垂直凸缘4:
—所有纤维保持测量方向;
内凸缘3和外凸缘2:
—0°纤维保持为测量方向(图9);
—±45°纤维的角度变为±60°(图10);
—±60°纤维的角度变为±70°(图11)。
最后,图12示出了径向方向的90°纤维。总之,提供了一种准各向同性的径向直结构,其中纤维总是沿载荷方向而且是直的。
用这种方式制造的窗框1与普通的铝窗框相比在相同的制造成本下大约能减轻50%的重量。其公差基本低于相应铝部件的公差。同时,该窗框与普通的铝窗框相比能提供更高的安全性和更好的绝热性。

Claims (4)

1.一种安装在飞机外壳上的窗框,包括至少一个外凸缘、至少一个内凸缘和垂直设置在该至少一个外凸缘和该至少一个内凸缘之间的至少一个垂直凸缘,其中通过该至少一个外凸缘实现与飞机结构的连接,在该至少一个内凸缘上附连有所要保持的窗元件,该窗元件通过该至少一个垂直凸缘保持,其特征在于该窗框(1)包含由单向设置的纤维束(20、23、24、25)增强的树脂。
2.如权利要求1所述的窗框,其特征在于纤维束(20、23、24、25)的方向沿着机械载荷的方向。
3.如权利要求2所述的窗框,其特征在于纤维束(20、23、24、25)的方向按照下述方式进行选择:
外凸缘(2):
-在铆接区域(6)为准各向同性的径向结构;
内凸缘(3):
-0°方向为主;
-±60°层位于外侧;
-90°用于加强。
垂直凸缘(4):
-0°芯用于承受主要载荷;
-±60°层位于外侧。
4.制造如权利要求1至3任意一个所述的窗框的方法,其特征在于由单向设置的纤维束(20、23、24、25)制成的半成品部件(10)***到模具(11)中,在压力和温度下注入树脂,然后以这种方式制成的部件(1)在模具(11)中硬化。
CNB2005800167723A 2004-05-24 2005-05-24 飞机窗框 Expired - Fee Related CN100447050C (zh)

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DE102004025378A DE102004025378B4 (de) 2004-05-24 2004-05-24 Fensterrahmen für Flugzeuge
DE102004025378.1 2004-05-24
US60/600,104 2004-08-09

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CN100447050C CN100447050C (zh) 2008-12-31

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EP (1) EP1748923B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4842934B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100447050C (zh)
AT (1) ATE395253T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0511011A (zh)
CA (1) CA2564167A1 (zh)
DE (2) DE102004025378B4 (zh)
RU (1) RU2376197C2 (zh)
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CN106671443A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2017-05-17 空中巴士运营有限公司 用于制造飞机机身的开孔围框的方法,成形及注塑工具及其获得的开孔围框

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US20080191095A1 (en) 2008-08-14
DE602005006793D1 (de) 2008-06-26
RU2376197C2 (ru) 2009-12-20
ATE395253T1 (de) 2008-05-15
RU2006143857A (ru) 2008-06-27
BRPI0511011A (pt) 2007-11-20
CA2564167A1 (en) 2005-12-08
WO2005115838A1 (en) 2005-12-08
DE102004025378B4 (de) 2011-01-13
EP1748923B1 (en) 2008-05-14
DE102004025378A1 (de) 2005-12-22
US7819360B2 (en) 2010-10-26
CN100447050C (zh) 2008-12-31

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