CN1954484A - 太阳能逆变器以及具有多个太阳能逆变器的光电设备 - Google Patents
太阳能逆变器以及具有多个太阳能逆变器的光电设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其可以在输入端与至少一个光电发生器(SM1-SM3)连接,而在输出端可与电网(SN)、特别是公用电网相连接,并且包括:至少一个逆变器模块(WR);电子控制单元(μC),其至少用于诊断所述逆变器模块;和总线接入器(BA),其用于将电子控制单元与通信总线(BUS)进行数据技术的连接。此外,所述电子控制单元(μC)还包括:用于周期地将所述太阳能逆变器的状态信息(S1-S3)输出到所述通信总线上的装置,用于周期地将连接在所述通信总线上的其它太阳能逆变器的状态信息(SA)读出的装置,以及用于在至少一个预期的其它状态信息(SA)消失的情况下将故障警报(F)输出到所述通信总线上的装置。由此,可以优选地省去单独的监视单元。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能逆变器,其可以在输入端与至少一个光电发生器连接,而在输出端与电网、特别是公用电网连接;并且包括:至少一个逆变器模块,至少用于诊断所述逆变器模块的电子控制单元,和用于将该电子控制单元与通信总线进行数据技术的连接的总线接入器。
本发明涉及一种光电设备,其利用多个太阳能逆变器向电网、特别是公用电网馈电,在这些太阳能逆变器上可以连接至少一个光电发生器。
背景技术
光电设备用来将电流馈入到电网中,例如单相50Hz/230V电压电网或者三相50Hz/400V电压电网。为此,光电设备可以具有一个或者多个光电发生器,其中,光电发生器可以由一个或多个太阳能模块组成,而该模块又可以具有多个相互连接的太阳能电池。在此,通常将一个太阳能模块的太阳能电池作为“带子”特别是按照弯弯曲曲的形式串联连接。然后,将在光电路径上所产生的电流送入一个或多个太阳能逆变器,后者将所供给的直流电压变换为所规定的标准化的电网电压。在例如DE 19642522 C1中公开了这种用于单相实施方案的太阳能逆变器。
此外,光电设备具有一个用于控制和运行引导多个所连接的太阳能逆变器的设备控制级。
如同通常在技术设备中那样,在光电设备中可能出现单个或多个太阳能逆变器由于技术故障而失效的情况。如果设备控制器没有识别该故障,则其将导致产量的损失并且最终导致设备运营商的经济损失。
为了避免上述问题,已知的是在该设备中设置监视设备,该监视设备监视各个太阳能逆变器并且在短时间内向报警或控制台报告这种设备的失效。为此,这种监视设备例如与一个用于传递所采集到的故障警报的报警装置连接,例如与一个无线地支持的GSM模块连接。
另一个技术上的解决方案是,借助于PC、即“个人计算机”周期性地查询各个太阳能逆变器。在此,PC本身通过电话连接或者通过以大网络连接与至少另一个设置在远处的设备连接。在PC上的一种特殊的软件应用规则地执行对单个太阳能逆变器的状态查询。这样,在出现故障的情况下,设备的运行者得到一个合适的报警。
所描述的第一解决方案的缺点在于,要设置一个单独的监视设备,该设备对于光电设备的运营商来说意味着额外的投资。
第二种解决方案的缺点在于,为了能够执行对设备的常规检查,必须一台带有专门软件应用的额外的PC。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供不带有上述额外监视设备的一种太阳能逆变器以及一种光电设备。
上述技术问题是通过一种太阳能逆变器解决的,该太阳能逆变器可以在输入端与至少一个光电发生器连接,而在输出端与电网连接,并且包括:至少一个逆变器模块,至少用于诊断该逆变器模块的电子控制单元,和用于将电子控制单元与通信总线进行数据技术的连接的总线接入器。
根据本发明,所述电子控制单元包括:用于周期地将各个太阳能逆变器的状态信息输出到所述通信总线上的装置,用于周期地将连接在所述通信总线上的其它太阳能逆变器的状态信息读出的装置,以及用于在至少一个预期的其它状态信息消失的情况下将故障警报输出到所述通信总线上的装置。
通过多个连接在通信总线上的太阳能逆变器的相互监视,可以实现对于不能再周期地报警的、失效的太阳能逆变器的在短时间内的检测。由此,可以优选地省去单独的监视单元。
状态信息在最简单的情况下是可以是1比特的信息,其表明有关太阳能逆变器是否正常地工作。此外,例如也可以将当前在输入端流入逆变器模块的太阳能直流电流、在所连接的光电发生器上施加的电压以及当前馈入到电网中的电网电流作为数据值周期地输出到通信总线上。
在第一实施方式中,所述太阳能逆变器具有唯一的总线地址,从而其可以通过总线接入器直接被寻址。由此,例如可以在光电设备投入运行的情况下对每个单个的太阳能逆变器设置参数和进行配置。这点例如可以借助于移动式诊断设备进行,该诊断设备在投入运行期间被连接在通信总线上。
在另一种实施方式中,所述各个太阳能逆变器的电子控制单元具有用于周期地将所述状态信息以及所述太阳能逆变器的唯一的总线地址输出到所述通信总线上的装置。
由此,可以优选地在出现故障的情况下通过总线地址找出不再报警的太阳能逆变器,并且取消(absetzen)相应的故障警报。
优选的是,还可以在出现有关太阳能逆变器的不可信的状态信息的条件下,取消故障警报。例如,这点可以是下列的情况:所有其它太阳能逆变器具有一个大致相等的馈电功率(也就是说,例如具有大致相等的各自最大可能馈电功率的百分数值),而例如另一个太阳能逆变器则报警了一个与此相比极小或者根本没有的太阳能电流。在此的原因可以例如是:光电发生器的一个太阳能模型的失效,至光电发生器的引入导线中的导线断开,或者一个或数个太阳能模块的较大的污染。
在另一种实施方式中,所述电子控制单元具有用于存放其它通过所述通信总线周期地报警的太阳能逆变器的相应总线地址的电子存储器,例如RAM存储器或EEPROM存储器。为此,可以例如在光电设备的投入运行或扩展期间,以一定的时间间隔(例如一分钟)对所有周期地报警的太阳能逆变器的总线地址进行采集。然后,将这些总线地址按照列表的形式存放在上面提到的电子存储器中。这样,在一个太阳能逆变器失效的情况下,可以通过比较确定该总线地址。
根据一种实施方式中,用于周期地将所述状态信息输出到所述通信总线上的周期时间和/或用于周期地将所述其它状态信息读出的周期时间是可调的。例如,这些值可以在投入运行的情况下存放在电子控制单元的电子存储器中。这些周期时间可以例如在从数秒至数分钟的范围内,从而还可以在短时间内取消故障警报。如果在投入运行期间没有指明周期时间,就采用存放的标准时间。
所述电子控制单元尤其是一个微控制器。在此,这类微控制器也具有已经部分地集成的电子存储器,以便用于对上面提到的总线地址的可能存放。借助于一种可以在该微控制器上执行的软件程序,还可以执行与该微控制器相连接的逆变器模块进行控制、调节以及诊断。公知的微控制器具有模拟的以及数字的输入和输出通道,等等。借助于这些输入通道,可以优选地通过匹配电路直接读入并处理电气输入参数,诸如所连接的光电发生器和/或电网的电流和电压。
微控制器也还已经具有了集成的总线接入器。在最简单的情况下,该总线接入器可以例如是用于“串行口接口(Serial Port Interface)”的所谓的SPI端口。
在另一种实施方式中,所述总线接入器构造为用于与诸如CAN总线、LAN、RS232总线、RS485总线或USB进行通信。该列举不是封闭的。其它的总线***对于专业人员来说也是公知的。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还通过一种光电设备得以解决,该光电设备用于向具有至少一个本发明的太阳能逆变器的电网馈电,在所述太阳能逆变器上可连接至少一个光电发生器。
在一种特别的实施方式中,光电设备具有一个电子报警模块,该电子模块包括:用于与通信总线进行数据技术的连接的总线接入器,用于接收来自于太阳能逆变器的故障警报的装置,以及用于将该故障警报发送到报警或控制台上的装置。
为此,所述报警模块包括诸如GSM和/或UMTS发送/接收模块,用于与电话网连接的调制解调器,或者用于与“局域网”、即LAN连接的网关。
由此,得到巨大的优点:一方面,可以极其紧凑地实现报警模块,因为不需要为了监视各个太阳能逆变器所需的电子部件和功能组件。还可以这样构造该报警模块,使其具有一个用于显示周期地从各个太阳能逆变器发送的状态信息的电子显示器。此外,该报警模块具有输入键,从而也可以选择不同的待显示的状态信息。
在光电设备的一种特别优选的实施方式中,所述报警模块具有若干电子装置(例如简单的微控制器),以便将由各个太阳能逆变器接收的故障警报转换成对应的电子邮件、传真或者SMS。
由此,得到这样的优点:可以将故障警报在短时间内并且以纯文本(Klartext)直接在现场传送给负责的人员。特别优选的是,将故障警报以纯文本转发到监视人员通常随身携带的移动电话上。
在另一种变形中,太阳能逆变器具有该电子装置,以便直接将故障警报转换成电子邮件、传真或者SMS。
附图说明
下面根据唯一的附图对本发明作示例性的进一步说明。其中,图1表示按照本发明的光电设备PVA。
具体实施方式
图1示出了按照本发明的光电设备PVA,其示意性地具有三个光电发生器SM1-SM3。为了清楚起见,没有进一步示出它们的内部结构。在此,光电发生器SM1-SM3为各自的太阳能逆变器M1-M3馈电。在图1的例子中,每个太阳能逆变器M1-M3具有一个逆变器模块WR,后者输入端与一个光电发生器SM1-SM3连接。在此,太阳能直流电流被变换为单相的交流电压。如同在本例中已经实现的那样,为了安全起见,这些电压相对于光电发生器SM1-SM3的电平是无电势的(potentialfrei)。
在图1的例子中,三个太阳能逆变器M1-M3分别为电网SN的一个相线R、S、T馈电,以便在该电网SN中实现大致均匀的功率分配。这类电网SN尤其是一个公用三相50Hz/400V电压电网。N表示所有三个馈电的太阳能逆变器M1-M3的公共零线。
每个太阳能逆变器M1-M3具有一个作为电子控制单元的微控制器μC。该微控制器通过电气连接导线与其连接,以便对对应的逆变器模块WR进行控制、调整和监视或者诊断。
此外,在图1的例子中,微控制器μC与总线接入器BA连接。这种总线接入器也可以作为集成的部件得到并且为各自的通信总线设置。
根据本发明,微控制器μC具有用于周期地将各个太阳能逆变器M1-M3的状态信息S1-S3输出到通信总线BUS上的装置。此外,微控制器μC还具有用于周期地从通信总线BUS上读出状态信息SA的装置,该状态信息SA是相邻的或者属于共同馈电组的太阳能逆变器M1-M3同样作为其状态信息S1-S3输出到通信总线BUS上的。最后,微控制器μC还具有用于在至少一个预期的其它太阳能逆变器M1-M3的状态信息SA消失的情况下将故障警报F输出到通信总线BUS上的装置。
例如,根据图1的总线地址AD1-AD3已经被集成在一个微控制器μC的集成电子存储器中。
按照本发明,该故障警报F被转发到报警模块MM,后者同样通过一个总线接入器BA与通信总线BUS以数据技术方式连接。在图1的例子中,报警模块MM具有一个带有适当的天线ANT的GSM发送/接收模块GSM,以便将可能准备好的文本或图形故障警报F以例如电子消息(如SMS:表示“短消息服务”)的形式转发给预先确定的(例如维护技师处的)接收器GS。这种基于GSM的报警模块MM也可以作为现成产品得到,而不必为按照本发明的光电设备PVA专门开发。
Claims (13)
1.一种太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其可以在输入端与至少一个光电发生器(SM1-SM3)连接,而在输出端与电网(SN)连接,所述太阳能逆变器包括:
a)至少一个逆变器模块(WR),
b)电子控制单元(μC),其至少用于诊断一个逆变器模块(WR),和
c)总线接入器(BA),其用于将电子控制单元(μC)与通信总线(BUS)进行数据技术的连接,
其特征在于,所述电子控制单元(μC)包括:用于周期地将所述太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)的状态信息(S1-S3)输出到所述通信总线(BUS)上的装置,用于周期地读出连接在所述通信总线(BUS)上的其它太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)的状态信息(SA)的装置,以及用于在至少一个预期的其它状态信息(SA)消失的情况下将故障警报(F)输出到所述通信总线(BUS)上的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,所述太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)具有唯一的总线地址(AD1-AD3)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,所述太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)包括:用于周期地将所述状态信息(S1-S3)以及所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)的唯一的总线地址(AD1-AD3)输出到所述通信总线(BUS)上的所述电子控制单元(μC)的装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,所述电子控制单元(μC)具有用于存放其它的通过所述通信总线(BUS)周期地报警的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)的总线地址(AD1-AD3)的电子存储器。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,用于周期地将所述状态信息(S1-S3)输出到所述通信总线(BUS)上的周期时间和/或用于周期地将所述其它状态信息(SA)读出的周期时间是可调的。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,所述电子控制单元(μC)是一个微控制器。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3),其中,所述总线接入器(BA)构造用于与下列通信总线(BUS)之一进行通信:CAN总线、LAN、RS232总线、RS485总线或USB。
8.一种光电设备(PVA),其用来利用至少一个根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)向电网(SN)馈电,在所述太阳能逆变器上可以连接至少一个光电发生器(SM1-SM3)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的光电设备(PVA),其中,所述光电设备(PVA)包括电子报警模块(MM),该电子模块包括:
a)总线接入器(BA),其用于与通信总线(BUS)进行数据技术的连接,
b)用于接收来自太阳能逆变器(M1-M3)的故障警报(F)的装置,以及
c)用于将该故障警报(F)发送到报警台(GS)上的装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的光电设备(PVA),其中,所述报警模块(MM)包括GSM和/或UMTS发送/接收模块(GSM)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的光电设备(PVA),其中,所述报警模块(MM)包括用于与电话网连接的调制解调器。
12.根据权利要求9所述的光电设备(PVA),其中,所述报警模块(MM)包括用于与局域网、即LAN连接的网关。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的光电设备(PVA),其中,所述故障警报(F)可以由所述报警模块(MM)转换成对应的电子邮件、传真或者SMS。
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EP (1) | EP1749340A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008500797A (zh) |
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- 2005-05-25 JP JP2007513803A patent/JP2008500797A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-25 WO PCT/EP2005/005678 patent/WO2005117245A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-05-25 KR KR1020067025599A patent/KR100884853B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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US11949374B2 (en) | 2019-11-10 | 2024-04-02 | Maxout Renewables, Inc. | Optimizing hybrid inverter system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20070017549A (ko) | 2007-02-12 |
US20070252716A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
WO2005117245A1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1749340A1 (de) | 2007-02-07 |
DE102004025924A1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
KR100884853B1 (ko) | 2009-02-23 |
JP2008500797A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
CN100576712C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
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