CN1949629A

CN1949629A - Electric machine based on transformer working principle and speed regulation thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1949629A
Application number: CNA2005101003084A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁振荣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-10-13
Filing date: 2005-10-13
Publication date: 2007-04-18

Abstract

The invention is a motor based on transformer operating principle and the speed regulation thereof, belonging to motor manufacturing and power electronics technical field, where the motor performance is the same as that of an AC single-phase series excited motor. Its stator winding is a centralized winding, and its rotor winding can be a low voltage winding, so that it is very easy to manufacture a high voltage, damp-proof motor; this motor has a series of advantages of low copper content, lightweight, small bulk, high efficiency, high speed, large starting torque, strong overloading ability, high reliability, easy manufacturing, regulating speed by simple and reliable SCR AC voltage regulating technique, etc.

Description

A kind of motor and speed governing thereof based on transformer working principle

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of novel, brushless motor, belong to field of motor manufacturing.

Background technology

Present common alternating current asynchronous, synchronous machine armature winding are born by stator winding, produce the rotation main flux after feeding three-phase alternating current, be to carry out the requisite critical piece of energy converting between mechanical, it all is distributed winding, restriction because of technology, its winding effective length is less than normal, cause motor volume bigger than normal, the consumption copper material on the high side, electric efficiency is on the low side.For transmission line loss is reduced, the input voltage grade of existing motor is more and more higher, owing to be distributed winding, the insulation processing of motor is more and more difficult, and the volume of the unit K W of motor is also increasing, and the input voltage grade of motor is high more, and motor also is afraid of moist more.

Series of advantages such as single phase series motor has the rotating speed height, volume is little, in light weight, efficient is high, starting torque is big, overload capacity is strong and speed governing is comparatively convenient.Its shortcoming is, noise and vibrations are bigger, for brush configuration is arranged, and commutation difficulty and be easy to generate electric spark.

I have applied for the patent of invention of " based on ac synchronous motor, ac wound rotor motor and the speed regulating device thereof of three-phase rotary transformer technology ", application number is 200510036886.6, also applied for another patent of invention " the rotor winding is brushless non-slip ring AC asynchronous, the synchronous machine of armature winding ", these two patents mainly all stress the combination of resolver and alternating current machine, be divided into two critical pieces of resolver and alternating current machine, iron core is separately all arranged, motor volume is too big and quality is too heavy, the existing application that continues to extend resolver.

According to transformer working principle, pay limit induced electromotive force phase place and lag behind 90 ° of main fluxs, be that pure resistive loads or inductive load are very little if pay the limit load, pay the limit current phase and lag behind 90 ° of main fluxs, or be slightly larger than 90 °.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is exactly the deficiency that overcomes my aforementioned two patent motors and existing motor, provides a kind of new for rotary transformer technology, brushless, absence of commutator, motor that performance is identical with single phase series motor.Motor is mainly by stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof, rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof, compositions such as bearing arrangement 10 and support 11, principal character is: described motor stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof, rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof constitute rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 rotatable resolvers thereof, cylindrical in rotor core 4, interior circle upper edge machine shaft 12 directions are some to equally distributed groove towards having, embed a pair of sliver 5 at each on to groove, 6 or twine a coil 31, all these slivers 5,6 or coil 31 winding directions identical, can in parallel or series connection, rotor winding 2 and sliver 5,6 or coil 31 constitute the closed circuit loops, rotor winding 2 produces induced electromotive force E1 according to transformer principle, produce electric current and flow through sliver 5,6 or coil 31, by adopting suitable phase shifting control technology and selecting suitable phase shift angle, make sliver 5,6 or the electric current of coil 31 with fixed, rotor core 3, the main flux same-phase of 4 air gap 13 or differ 180 ° or in same-phase, differ 180 ° near, sliver 5 or coil 31 at the electric current of rotor cylindrical with fixed, rotor core 3, the main flux of 4 air gap 13 interacts and produces the electromagnetic torque that continues towards a direction, and the electric current of sliver 6 or coil 31 circle in rotor does not produce electromagnetic torque or very little.

Described by adopting suitable phase shifting control technology and selecting suitable phase shift angle, comprise, to monophase machine, rotor winding 2 is with after ac capacitor 30 is connected, constitute the closed circuit loop with sliver 5,6 or coil 31, promptly adopt the phase shift technology of 90 ° of electric capacity phase shifts, or rotor winding 2, sliver 5,6 or coil 31 self are pressed inductor design, the phase shift technology that the phase shift of employing inductance is 90 °; To three phase electric machine, the rotor three-phase winding is can be as monophase machine every to adopt the phase shift technology of 90 ° of electric capacity or inductance phase shifts mutually, in this case, can order phase power supply after the three phase winding parallel connections, the mode that also can adopt star zigzag connection (Z connection), extend-triangle to connect is equipped with the change of the turn ratio of the tap section of cutting apart again, realizes accurately phase shift at any angle, according to the motor performance requirement, the phase shift angle that design alternative is suitable.

To the situation of the three phase electric machine of 30 ° of rotor current hysteresis induced electromotive forces, available this phase induced electromotive force directly removes other one sliver 5,6 or the coil 31 of air gap unshakable in one's determination mutually of 120 ° of this main fluxs mutually unshakable in one's determination of control hysteresis, and the rest may be inferred for the situation of other phase.

Suppose that certain in a flash, when the stator input voltage is positive half cycle, F1 is towards machine shaft for the main flux direction, negative just down on the rotor winding 2 induced electromotive force E1, rotor winding 2 induced electromotive force E1 lag behind 90 ° of main fluxs, by 90 ° of electric capacity phase shifts, sliver 5 electric currents and main flux same-phase, sliver 5 sense of current F2 from right to left, according to left hand rule, electromagnetic torque direction such as arrow 14.When the stator input voltage was negative half period, main flux direction F3 changed into and leaves machine shaft, and rotor winding 2 induced electromotive force E1 become just upward negative down, sliver 5 sense of current F4 become from left to right, according to left hand rule, electromagnetic torque direction such as arrow 15, arrow 14, arrow 15 directions are identical.If by 90 ° of electric capacity phase shifts, sliver 5 current phases do not lag behind 90 ° of main fluxs, it is zero that sliver 5 electric currents and main flux multiply each other, and promptly electromagnetic torque is zero.

Under the electromagnetic torque effect, rotor begins rotation, rotation along with motor, sliver 5 cutting air gap main fluxs produce induced electromotive force E2, and progressively increase with the motor speed rising, suppose that the motor input voltage is constant, sliver 5 electric currents rise with motor speed and progressively reduce, and final electromagnetic torque and loading moment reach balance, and motor is in motoring condition.

If the A of rotor winding 2 end changes into sliver 6 be connected, the B end of rotor winding 2 links to each other with electric capacity, and other are constant, and direction of motor rotation changes direction 18 into, and direction changes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 monophase machine structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 monophase machine circuit diagram of the present invention

First kind of three phase electric machine axial line of Fig. 3 the present invention cross section structure schematic diagram

Fig. 4 three phase electric machine circuit diagram of the present invention

Fig. 5 three phase electric machine main flux of the present invention, induced electromotive force, current vector figure

Second kind of three phase electric machine axial line of Fig. 6 the present invention cross section structure schematic diagram

Second kind of three phase electric machine circular structure of Fig. 7 the present invention schematic diagram

The third three phase electric machine axial line cross section structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8 the present invention

The 4th kind of three phase electric machine axial line cross section structure of Fig. 9 the present invention schematic diagram

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Embodiment

Monophase machine is made of single-phase resolver, its rotor pair limit winding 2 seals in ac capacitor 30 backs and is connected with the sliver 5,6 or the coil 31 of a plurality of serial or parallel connections of rotor, or rotor winding 2, sliver 5,6 or coil 31 self are pressed inductor design, the phase shift technology that the phase shift of employing inductance is 90 °; On rotor core 4 another cylindricals, interior circle, embed the sliver 5,6 or the coil 31 of a plurality of serial or parallel connections equally, the sliver 5,6 on both sides or coil 31 can serial or parallel connections, require the current opposite in direction of both sides sliver 5 or coil 31 cylindricals, the electromagnetic torque direction of both sides sliver 5 could be consistent.

Described electric capacity is a cirque structure or is two semi-round ring shape structures.

Described motor stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof are salient-pole structure, rotor winding 2 and unshakable in one's determination 4 be that circular configuration or stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof are circular configuration, rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof are salient-pole structure, similar conventional DC motor or common alternating current generator stator and rotor structure.

Described rotating speed of motor is directly proportional with alternating voltage, and with frequency-independent, electric machine speed regulation can adopt existing SCR AC variable voltage control technology; For reducing motor volume and weight, can adopt high-frequency ac power or high frequency pulse power supply, correspondingly electric machine iron core can be used FERRITE CORE instead.

Described electric machine stator iron 3, rotor core 4 can suitably be windowed in stator, rotor core, perforate under the condition that keeps the magnetic circuit closure, with weight reduction with improve unshakable in one's determination, winding heat radiation; The main flux direction iron core 7,8 parallel with rotor shaft direction can be reeled with the electrical steel sheet of bar-shape and be formed, the main flux direction iron core 16,9 vertical with rotor shaft direction can form with moulding electrical steel sheet lamination, be shaped fixed, turn around assembling and join and form motor.

Described motor stator winding 1 can be with banded enamel-cover copper sheet coiling and molding or banded copper sheet with strip insulation sheet coiling and molding; Motor stator winding 1 can be designed to high voltage, little electric current structure, adopt the manufacturing process of similar dry-type transformer directly to carry out vacuumize, soak insulating varnish, can be encapsulated in case of necessity by high reluctivity, the impermeable material of water, in the container as formations such as plastics, epoxy resin, stainless steels, further strengthen wet, the waterproof ability of moisture resistance under high voltage condition.

First kind of three-phase structure of described motor constitutes for three monophase machines that come successively in the same rotating shaft, in same support, and wherein, the pair of core QD of public magnetic conduction can be placed in the centre of three-phase iron core.

Second kind of three-phase structure of described motor is, there is relative the deciding of three-phase in cross section along axial line, rotor core A2, B2, C2, in every mutually relative stator core and rotor core, each settles two or more stators to concentrate winding 83, rotor is concentrated winding 84, stator is concentrated winding 83, rotor is concentrated the number of winding 84 to equate or is unequal, the concentrated winding 83 of every phase stator can in parallel or series connection, the main flux direction that requires all concentrated winding 83 energisings of stator to form is in office to be in a flash same direction, or all towards the axle center or all outside from the axle center, every phase rotor concentrates the winding 84 can in parallel or series connection, the electromotive force series connection of all concentrated winding 84 inductions of rotor is what increase, parallel connection is the polarity unanimity, can not be internal-neutralized.

The third three-phase structure of described motor is, there is relative the deciding of three-phase in cross section along axial line, rotor core A1, B1, C1, stator has the loop coil 90 of four surrounding rotors, 91,92,93, the coil 91 of B phase and phase series connection, 92 link to each other, coil 91, the ring current direction of coil 92 surrounding rotors is opposite, coil 91, coil 92 is by middle relative deciding, rotor core B1 separates, A links to each other with coil 90, C links to each other with coil 93,

coil

90,91,92,93 equal turn numbers, coiling 91, the sectional area of 92 copper cash equates, coiling 90, the sectional area of 93 copper cash equates, coiling 91,92 copper sections are long-pending to be coiling 90, the twice that 93 copper sections are long-pending, the situation of rotor winding is identical with the situation of stator winding; B can link to each other with the

coil

91,92 that is in parallel mutually, the ring current direction of same coil 91, coil 92 surrounding rotors is opposite, coil 91, coil 92 are separated by middle relative stator and rotor B1 unshakable in one's determination, at this moment, the sectional area of coiling 90,91,92,93 copper cash equates,

coil

90,93 equal turn numbers,

coil

91,92 equal turn numbers,

coil

91,92 numbers of turn are twices of

coil

90,93 numbers of turn, and the situation of rotor winding is followed the situation of stator winding and become.

The 4th kind of three-phase structure of described motor is, relative decides, rotor core B3 can be as second kind of structure of three-phase rotary transformer, the method of two or more concentrated windings is respectively settled in employing in relative stator core and rotor core, B is fixed mutually, the rotor winding is for concentrating winding, and decide, rotor core A3 and fixed, the third structure of the winding construction of rotor core C3 and three-phase rotary transformer is identical, A, C is fixed mutually, the rotor winding is a Circular Winding, require the equivalent equal turn numbers of the every phase winding of three phase windings of stator, the equivalence resistance equates the equivalent equal turn numbers of the every phase winding of three phase windings of rotor, the equivalence resistance equates.

Above-mentioned three phase electric machine the 1st, 2,3,4 kinds of structures, at every unshakable in one's determination 4 the cylindrical mutually of rotor, interior circle upper edge machine shaft 12 directions are some to equally distributed groove towards having, embed a pair of sliver 5 at each on to groove, 6 or twine a coil 31, all these slivers 5,6 or coil 31 winding directions identical, can in parallel or series connection, rotor winding 2 and sliver 5,6 or coil 31 constitute the closed circuit loops, the every phase winding of rotor can adopt electric capacity, the inductance phase shift, also can adopt star zigzag connection (Z connection) by the rotor three-phase winding, the mode that extend-triangle connects, be equipped with the change of the turn ratio of the tap section of cutting apart again, realize accurately phase shift at any angle, according to the motor performance requirement, the phase shift angle that design alternative is suitable.

See Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, three phase electric machine is to be made of three monophase machines at same support, suppose, 30 ° of rotor winding current hysteresis rotor induction kinetic potentials, rotor A phase winding electromotive force EA is not connected with A loop A 5 unshakable in one's determination mutually, but link to each other with B coil B5 unshakable in one's determination mutually, like this, the electric current I A same-phase of B main flux QB unshakable in one's determination mutually and the coil B5 of B air gap mutually unshakable in one's determination, in like manner, rotor B phase winding electromotive force EB wiring circle C5, rotor C phase winding electromotive force EC wiring circle A5.

See Fig. 6,7,4 concentrated

windings

85,86,87,88 are arranged on the three-phase rotary transformer phase stator, and its magnetic direction all points to the axle center, and 3 concentrated

winding

94,95,96 its induced electromotive force series connection of rotor are additions, polarity in parallel is consistent, can not be internal-neutralized.

Seeing Fig. 8, is a kind of special three phase electric machine, and in parallel or series connection can equivalence becomes the single winding of B1 iron core at the winding 91,92 on B1 both sides unshakable in one's determination, and all winding is that Circular Winding is saved a pair of relative iron core.

See Fig. 9, at B phase stator and rotor installing ring unshakable in one's determination several concentrated windings, in A, C phase stator and rotor installing ring unshakable in one's determination single Circular Winding around the shaft around iron core.

Alternating current function of the present invention performance with single phase series motor under brushless and absence of commutator condition is identical.Stator winding is for concentrating winding, and the rotor winding can be the winding of low-voltage, therefore makes the input high voltage at an easy rate, is not afraid of moist motor; This motor has that copper consumption is few, in light weight, and volume is little, the efficient height, and the rotating speed height, starting torque is big, and overload capacity is strong, and the reliability height is easy to manufacture, and speed governing can be adopted simple and reliable series of advantages such as SCR AC voltage-regulating technique.

Claims

1, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof based on transformer working principle, motor is mainly by stator ring winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof, rotor annular winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof, compositions such as bearing arrangement 10 and support 11, principal character is: described motor stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof, rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof constitute rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 rotatable resolvers thereof, cylindrical in rotor core 4, interior circle upper edge machine shaft 12 directions are some to equally distributed groove towards having, embed a pair of sliver 5 at each on to groove, 6 or twine a coil 31, all these slivers 5,6 or coil 31 winding directions identical, can in parallel or series connection, rotor winding 2 and sliver 5,6 or coil 31 constitute the closed circuit loops, rotor winding 2 produces induced electromotive force E1 according to transformer principle, produce electric current and flow through sliver 5,6 or coil 31, by adopting suitable phase shifting control technology and selecting suitable phase shift angle, make sliver 5,6 or the electric current of coil 31 with fixed, rotor core 3, the main flux same-phase of 4 air gap 13 or differ 180 ° or in same-phase, differ 180 ° near, sliver 5 or coil 31 at the electric current of rotor cylindrical with fixed, rotor core 3, the main flux of 4 air gap 13 interacts and produces the electromagnetic torque that continues towards a direction, and the electric current of sliver 6 or coil 31 circle in rotor does not produce electromagnetic torque or very little.

2, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: described by adopting suitable phase shifting control technology and selecting suitable phase shift angle, comprise, to monophase machine, rotor winding 2 is with after ac capacitor 30 is connected, constitute the closed circuit loop with sliver 5,6 or coil 31, promptly adopt the phase shift technology of 90 ° of electric capacity phase shifts, or rotor winding 2, sliver 5,6 or coil 31 self are pressed inductor design, the phase shift technology that the phase shift of employing inductance is 90 °; To three phase electric machine, the rotor three-phase winding is can be as monophase machine every to adopt the phase shift technology of 90 ° of electric capacity or inductance phase shifts mutually, in this case, can order phase power supply after the three phase winding parallel connections, the mode that also can adopt star zigzag connection (Z connection), extend-triangle to connect is equipped with the change of the turn ratio of the tap section of cutting apart again, realizes accurately phase shift at any angle, according to the motor performance requirement, the phase shift angle that design alternative is suitable.

3, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: the monophase machine of described motor is made of single-phase resolver, on rotor core 4 another cylindricals, interior circle, embed the sliver 5,6 or the coil 31 of a plurality of serial or parallel connections equally, the sliver 5,6 on both sides or coil 31 can serial or parallel connections, require the current opposite in direction of both sides sliver 5 or coil 31 cylindricals, the electromagnetic torque direction of both sides sliver 5 could be consistent.

4, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: described motor stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof are salient-pole structure, rotor winding 2 and unshakable in one's determination 4 be that circular configuration or stator winding 1 and stator core 3 thereof are circular configuration, rotor winding 2 and rotor core 4 thereof are salient-pole structure, similar conventional DC motor or common alternating current generator stator and rotor structure.

5, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: described rotating speed of motor is directly proportional with alternating voltage, and with frequency-independent, electric machine speed regulation can adopt existing SCR AC variable voltage control technology; For reducing motor volume and weight, can adopt high-frequency ac power or high frequency pulse power supply, correspondingly electric machine iron core can be used FERRITE CORE instead.

6, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof based on transformer working principle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described electric machine stator iron 3, rotor core 4 can suitably be windowed in stator, rotor core, perforate under the condition that keeps the magnetic circuit closure; The main flux direction iron core 7,8 parallel with rotor shaft direction can be reeled with the electrical steel sheet of bar-shape and be formed, the main flux direction iron core 16,9 vertical with rotor shaft direction can form with moulding electrical steel sheet lamination, be shaped fixed, turn around assembling and join and form motor.

7, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof based on transformer working principle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described motor stator winding 1 can be with banded enamel-cover copper sheet coiling and molding or banded copper sheet with strip insulation sheet coiling and molding; Motor stator winding 1 can be designed to high voltage, little electric current structure, adopt the manufacturing process of similar dry-type transformer directly to carry out vacuumize, soak insulating varnish, can be encapsulated in case of necessity by high reluctivity, the impermeable material of water, in the container as formations such as plastics, epoxy resin, stainless steels, further strengthen wet, the waterproof ability of moisture resistance under high voltage condition.

8, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: first kind of three-phase structure of described motor constitutes for three monophase machines that come successively in the same rotating shaft, in same support, wherein, the pair of core QD of public magnetic conduction can be placed in the centre of three-phase iron core.

9, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: second kind of three-phase structure of described motor is, there is relative the deciding of three-phase in cross section along axial line, rotor core A2, B2, C2, in every mutually relative stator core and rotor core, each settles two or more stators to concentrate winding 83, rotor is concentrated winding 84, stator is concentrated winding 83, rotor is concentrated the number of winding 84 to equate or is unequal, the concentrated winding 83 of every phase stator can in parallel or series connection, the main flux direction that requires all concentrated winding 83 energisings of stator to form is in office to be in a flash same direction, or all towards the axle center or all outside from the axle center, every phase rotor concentrates the winding 84 can in parallel or series connection, the electromotive force series connection of all concentrated winding 84 inductions of rotor is what increase, parallel connection is the polarity unanimity, can not be internal-neutralized.

10, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: the third three-phase structure of described motor is, there is relative the deciding of three-phase in cross section along axial line, rotor core A1, B1, C1, stator has the loop coil 90 of four surrounding rotors, 91,92,93, the coil 91 of B phase and phase series connection, 92 link to each other, coil 91, the ring current direction of coil 92 surrounding rotors is opposite, coil 91, coil 92 is by middle relative deciding, rotor core B1 separates, A links to each other with coil 90, C links to each other with coil 93, coil 90,91,92,93 equal turn numbers, coiling 91,92 copper sections are long-pending to be coiling 90, the twice that 93 copper sections are long-pending, the situation of rotor winding is identical with the situation of stator winding; B can link to each other with the coil 91,92 that is in parallel mutually, the ring current direction of same coil 91, coil 92 surrounding rotors is opposite, coil 91, coil 92 are separated by middle relative stator and rotor B1 unshakable in one's determination, at this moment, the sectional area of coiling 90,91,92,93 copper cash equates, coil 91,92 numbers of turn are twices of coil 90,93 numbers of turn, and the situation of rotor winding is followed the situation of stator winding and become.

11, a kind of motor and speed governing thereof as claimed in claim 1 based on transformer working principle, it is characterized in that: the 4th kind of three-phase structure of described motor is, relative decides, rotor core B3 can be as second kind of structure of three-phase rotary transformer, the method of two or more concentrated windings is respectively settled in employing in relative stator core and rotor core, B is fixed mutually, the rotor winding is for concentrating winding, and decide, rotor core A3 and fixed, the third structure of the winding construction of rotor core C3 and three-phase rotary transformer is identical, A, C is fixed mutually, the rotor winding is a Circular Winding, require the equivalent equal turn numbers of the every phase winding of three phase windings of stator, the equivalence resistance equates the equivalent equal turn numbers of the every phase winding of three phase windings of rotor, the equivalence resistance equates.