CN1949232A - Crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and designing method of preformed blank - Google Patents
Crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and designing method of preformed blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN1949232A CN1949232A CN 200610134112 CN200610134112A CN1949232A CN 1949232 A CN1949232 A CN 1949232A CN 200610134112 CN200610134112 CN 200610134112 CN 200610134112 A CN200610134112 A CN 200610134112A CN 1949232 A CN1949232 A CN 1949232A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to marine type crankshaft bell crank bending swaging dies and preliminary shaping blank design method. It uses computer modeling technique to design preliminary shaping blank, V shape die, bend upper and lower dies, lower cavity die, plug board, and various die matching using methods. The method can save raw materials, shorten production cycle, and reduce admittance. The designed die and preliminary shaping blank can generate total models crankshaft bell crank parts which have good forming quality, symmetrical appearance, uniform flow line and admittance for MANB&, W and WNSD diesel engine patent company.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the forging field, specifically is exactly the method for designing of a kind of crank axle for vessel crank throw curved forging mould and preformed blank, and it is applicable to the process of the mould and the preformed blank of crankshaft used for large boat crank throw.
Background technology
Bent axle is the most important parts of diesel engine, argosy accounts for about 10～15% of complete machine value with the value of diesel main engine bent axle, the annual demand of China is more than 200 at present, overwhelming majority bent axle relies on from state's imports such as Japan and Korea S, the import bent axle not only costs an arm and a leg, and bad delivery, the supporting bottleneck problem that has become the shipping industry development of restriction China of bent axle.
Common large-sized low-speed crankshaft of diesel engine (singly turns weight more than 5 tons, bearing weight is more than 50 tons) structure is semi-built-up, half built-up crank shaft is made up of free end axle journal, output terminal axle journal, middle king journal and crank throw hot jacket, output terminal axle journal wherein, free end axle journal, middle king journal blank shape are simple, and size is little, and crank throw is complex-shaped, size is big, it is the key of producing bent axle, in fact, the core technology of manufacturing semi-built-up crankshaft blank is exactly the forging and molding technology of crank throw blank.
Present most semi-built-up crankshaft crank throw blank adopts the manufacturing of bend-forging method, and the characteristics of this method are easy and simple to handle, and the product type scope is wide, and is less demanding to forging equipment.
In the crank throw curved forming process of existing technology, defectives such as hydraucone, fold cracks appear in crank throw internal arm easily, and defectives such as attenuate, waisting appear in the side of cranking arm easily, will cause the crank throw forging to scrap when serious.Forging after the shaping is rectangular shape mostly, and process redundancy is inhomogeneous, especially in the crank pin position, the processing parts cross section is circular, and actual forging is rectangle, and not only process redundancy is big, and the difficulty of processing height, adding man-hour a kind of method is to adopt gas cutting to remove the unnecessary material in crank pin position, the advantage of this method is that speed is fast, the efficient height, and difficulty was big when gas cutting was operated during shortcoming, there is the heat-affected zone, waste product very easily occurs; Another method is to adopt the processing of crank throw vertical lathe, and the advantage of this method is the yield rate height, but process redundancy is big, long processing time.Therefore, by improve crooked before the shape of crank throw preformed blank and the shape of mould, not only yield rate height, forging defect are few can to make blank after the shaping, and process redundancy is even, difficulty of processing is little, the working (machining) efficiency height.
Along with the development of modern forging theory and computer modeling technique, adopt the forming process of analogue technique prediction heavy casting and forging to enter the practical stage.Develop a lot of simulation softwards (as: ABAQUS, ANSYS, MARC, DEFORM etc.) in the world and simulate the plastic deformation of metal process.According to analog result, can obtain the net shape and the size of forging, situation of change of the stress and strain that flow direction, the diverse location of the metal material that is obtained by simulation is suffered etc. can be predicted the type of forging defect and the position of generation.By the repetition test on computer platform, can determine a kind of Forging Technology of the best, and obtain the design size of mould and blank, the employing computer modeling technique designs technology and optimizes, can obviously shorten the cycle of trial production, save starting material, the rate of reducing the number of rejects and seconds, and then reduce production costs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for designing of a kind of crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and preformed blank, the mould that adopts this method design to obtain is produced the crankshaft used for large boat crank throw, can eliminate defectives such as the frequent hydraucone that occurs of crank bend forging process, fold cracks, waisting, attenuate, and significantly reduce the process redundancy of crank throw blank forging, reduce follow-up cold worked difficulty, shorten the production cycle of bent axle product.
The present invention has developed the method for designing of crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and preformed blank, and its main contents comprise:
1) adopts the preformed blank of computer modeling technique design near-net-shape: at first according to the shape of the processing drawing primary design blank of crank throw part, crank throw blank after obtaining being out of shape by computer simulation then, the crank throw processing parts is placed into the inside of blank forging, the employing technology of quantizing is determined the process redundancy of diverse location, after process redundancy removal unnecessary on the crank throw forging, the distortion forging that application reversible deformation method will be removed unnecessary process redundancy returns to not deformation state, finally obtain having the preformed blank of optimum shape, the characteristics of this preformed blank are the process redundancy minimums that can make whole forging, and can reduce follow-up cold worked difficulty, preformed blank is tabular cranks arm and preformed blank boss that the middle part is provided with constitutes, and V-shaped groove is offered in symmetria bilateralis position, blank middle part.
2) adopt computer modeling technique design crank bend forging and finishing mold: the metal flow rule when crank throw curved is determined the shape of V-arrangement mould, upper die and lower die, lower cavity die, plate and the design formula of size, and all die sizes are all checked by computer simulation.
Be used for the V-arrangement mould of crank throw blank extrusion V-shaped groove corresponding with symmetria bilateralis position, crank throw blank middle part, patrix and blank contact site are arc, following mold cavity is a wedge structure, the basal surface of wedge shape counterdie is provided with lower cavity die, lower cavity die and blank contact site are arc, the plate that is used for finishing is corresponding with the blank inside surface, and plate and blank contact site are arc, plate both sides design baffle plate.
3) adopt computer modeling technique to design the method that is used of various moulds:
In the process of preparation preformed blank, steel ingot is pulled out into the blank of band preformed blank boss after, adopt the V-arrangement mould to extrude the V-shaped groove of two symmetries at the blank middle part; In the bend-forging process of crank throw, at first with patrix, blank, counterdie centering, use flat anvil then and slowly press mould, blank is bent along following mold cavity, when contacting with lower cavity die, patrix stops bending, this moment, crank throw blank middle part was cylindrical, then blank is broken away from counterdie, the rotation patrix drives blank and rotates 90 °, and mobile platen makes flat anvil, following flat anvil and blank are in the water pressure engine operating space, flat anvil in the employing, following flat anvil along the crank pin end to crank arm end with blank gradually upwards mold pressing lean on, and note upset, and make two to crank arm parallelly, and guarantee the length unanimity; Take out patrix, insert the plate finishing, blank two is cranked arm press to specified altitude assignment to plate, the finishing touch profile is taken out the plate completion.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts numerical simulation technology to determine the method for designing of a kind of crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and preformed blank, adopt this method design to obtain mould and produce the crankshaft used for large boat crank throw, can eliminate defectives such as the frequent hydraucone that occurs of crank bend forging process, fold cracks, waisting, attenuate, and significantly reduce the process redundancy of crank throw blank forging, reduce follow-up cold worked difficulty, shorten the production cycle of bent axle product.
2, adopt computer modeling technique to formulate the Forging Technology of crank throw, reduced test number (TN), reduced research expenditure.Can predict the net shape and the size of forging exactly according to calculating analog result, guarantee to produce high-quality crank throw blank forging.
3, the geomery design formula of the preformed blank of the present invention's foundation and various moulds is applicable to and produces MANB﹠amp; Whole type crankshaft crank parts of W (Man Enbiwei) and WNSD (Wa Xilan) diesel engine patents company, during production new model crank throw part, need only can design preformed blank and forging mold according to the part processing drawing, can significantly reduce design time, reduce development cost, shorten life cycle of the product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a-b is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw roughing part; Fig. 1 a is a front view, and Fig. 1 b is the cut-open view of Fig. 1 a.
Fig. 2 a-c is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw preformed blank; Fig. 2 a is a front view, and Fig. 2 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 2 c is a side view.
Fig. 3 a-c is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw preform V-arrangement mould; Fig. 3 a is a front view, and Fig. 3 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 3 c is a side view.
Fig. 4 a-c is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw curved patrix; Fig. 4 a is a front view, and Fig. 4 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 4 c is a side view.
Fig. 5 a-b is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw curved counterdie; Fig. 5 a is a front view, and Fig. 5 b is a side view.
Fig. 6 a-b is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw curved recessed channel mould; Fig. 6 a is a front view, and Fig. 6 b is a side view.
Fig. 7 a-b is the shape synoptic diagram of crank throw finishing plate; Fig. 7 a is a front view, and Fig. 7 b is a vertical view.
Mould and blank were put synoptic diagram when Fig. 8 was bend-forging.
Fig. 9 is crank throw curved process simulation figure.
Figure 10 is for adopting patrix die finish graphoid.
Figure 11 is for adopting plate die finish graphoid.
Figure 12 is that blank and the processing parts after being shaped compares.
Figure 13 is the cylindrical region in shaping rear crank pin cross section.
Figure 14 is a traditional handicraft BENDING PROCESS simulation drawing.
Figure 15 is traditional handicraft finishing process simulation figure.
Figure 16 a-b is that blank and the processing parts after traditional handicraft is shaped compares; Figure 16 a is a vertical view, and Figure 16 b is a front view.
Among the figure, the last flat anvil of 1-; The 2-patrix; The 3-blank; The 4-lower cavity die; The 5-counterdie; The 6-platen; Flat anvil under the 7-; The 8-plate; The 9-processing parts; Blank after 10-is shaped; 11-V shape groove; 12-patrix deep-slotted chip breaker; 13-plate deep-slotted chip breaker; 14-V shape mould; 15-lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker; The 16-crank pin; The 17-baffle plate; 18-cranks arm; 19-hot jacket hole; 20-preformed blank boss; 21-V shape mould base; The 22-web joint; 23-patrix working end; 24-patrix pincers handle; 25-counterdie base; 26-counterdie working lining; 27-lower cavity die base; 28-plate plate body; 29-plate pincers handle; 30-counterdie floor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail, except that angle, other long measures are millimeter among the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1 a-b, crank throw processing parts 9 comprise crank arm 18, crank pin 16, crank arm and offer hot jacket hole 19 on 18.The crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship that the present invention adopts and the method for designing concrete steps of preformed blank are as follows:
1) adopts the preformed blank of computer modeling technique design near-net-shape: at first according to the shape of the processing drawing primary design blank of crank throw part, crank throw blank after obtaining being out of shape by computer simulation then, the crank throw processing parts is placed into the inside of blank forging, the employing technology of quantizing is determined the process redundancy of diverse location, after process redundancy removal unnecessary on the crank throw forging, the distortion forging that application reversible deformation method will be removed unnecessary process redundancy returns to not deformation state, just obtain having the preformed blank of optimum shape, the characteristics of this preformed blank are the process redundancy minimums that can make whole forging, and can reduce follow-up cold worked difficulty.
Referring to Fig. 2 a-c, preformed blank 3 for tabular crank arm 18 and the preformed blank boss 20 that is provided with of middle part constitute, V-shaped groove 11 is offered in symmetria bilateralis position, blank middle part.Each spot size design formula of crank throw preformed blank that design obtains according to the part processing drawing (unit, mm) as follows:
a
Base=(1.15～1.2) a
Zero
b
Base=(1.2～1.25) b
Zero
h
Base=(1.14～1.06) (2R
1 zero)
α
Base=α
Zero-(1 °～2 °)
β
Base=14.5 °～15.5 °
γ
Base=22 °～29 °
c
Base=(0.4～0.6) d
Base
(c
Base+ d
Base+ h
Base)=(1.00～1.05) L
Zero
s
Base=c
BaseTg β
Base
k
Base=h
Base-a
Base-s
Base
e
Base=(1.04～1.1) (2a
Zero+ f
Zero)
f
Base=(0.8～0.95) f
Base
u
Base=(1.20～1.28) u
Zero
w
Base=(1.10～1.14) w
Zero
g
Base=(w
Base-u
Base) ctg γ
Base+ f
Base
L
Base=2 (d
Base+ c
Base)+e
Base
Wherein, the implication of crank throw processing parts size code is as follows:
b
ZeroRepresent the height of crank pin end, α
ZeroRepresent in the front view, on cranking arm/lower surface and the angle between the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, k
ZeroRepresent the length on the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, L
ZeroRepresent the total length of crank throw, a
ZeroRepresent the thickness of cranking arm, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, u in the crank throw
ZeroRepresent in the side view the terminal width of cranking arm, β
ZeroRepresent in the side view crank arm outside surface and the angle between the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, R
1 zeroRepresent the radius of crank pin cylinder, w
ZeroThe width that representative is cranked arm, R
2 zeroRepresentative is cranked arm and is gone up the radius in hot jacket hole.
The implication of crank throw preformed blank forging ' s block dimension code name is as follows:
b
BaseRepresent the width of preformed blank boss upper limb, α
BaseRepresent the angle between preformed blank boss lopsidedness plane and the vertical plane, e
BaseRepresent the width of preformed blank boss lower edge, k
BaseRepresent the height of preformed blank boss, β
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the inclination angle of the oblique tip, s with cranking arm
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the height of the oblique tip, c with cranking arm
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the length of the oblique tip, a with cranking arm
BaseThe thickness that representative is cranked arm, d
BaseThe length that representative is cranked arm, L
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, u
BaseThe width at the preformed blank middle part behind the V-shaped groove, f have been pressed in representative
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove inside, g
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove outside, γ
BaseRepresent the angle of V-shaped groove inclined-plane and bottom surface.
2) method for designing of V-arrangement mould:
The effect of V-arrangement mould 14 is two V-shaped grooves 11 that extrude symmetry at the crank throw blank middle part of having pressed the preformed blank boss, can make crank throw blank internal arm in BENDING PROCESS that material does not take place like this and pile up, and avoids producing hydraucone and crack defect.
Referring to Fig. 3 a-c, V-arrangement mould 14 is made of the web joint 22 of V-arrangement mould base 21, both sides, and V-arrangement mould base 21 is a v-shaped structure.Each spot size design formula of V-arrangement mould (unit, mm) as follows:
h
The 1V mould=280～320
h
The 2V mould=100～120
α
The V mould=280 °～320 °
w
The 1V mould=f
Base
w
The 2V mould=w
The 1V mould+ 2h
The 1V mouldTg α
The V mould
L
The 1V mould=1.5h
Base
Wherein, w
The 1V mouldThe width of end in face of Table V shape die worker does, w
The 2V mouldRepresent the width of V-arrangement mould base, h
The 1V mouldRepresent the V-arrangement die worker to make the height on inclined-plane, h
The 2V mouldRepresent the height of V-arrangement mould base, w
The 3V mouldRepresent the width of V-arrangement mould two side connecting plates, L
The 1V mouldRepresent the length of V-arrangement mould workplace, L
The 2V mouldRepresent the length of V-arrangement mould two side connecting plates, α
The V mouldRepresent the angle between V-arrangement mould both sides clinoplane and the vertical plane, f
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove inside, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank.
3) method for designing of crooked patrix:
The main effect of patrix is that blank is bent.Patrix and blank contact site are designed to circular arc; patrix 2 lower ends (working end that contacts with blank) are patrix deep-slotted chip breaker 12, so both can reach the purpose of crooked blank, can make the crank pin position of blank present cylindrical again; reduce process redundancy, reduce the cold working difficulty.
Referring to Fig. 4 a-c, patrix 2 connects and composes 24 for patrix working end 23, patrix pincers, and patrix working end 23 is a patrix deep-slotted chip breaker 12 with the blank contact portion.Each spot size design formula of crank throw curved patrix (unit, mm) as follows:
R
2 patrixes=R
1 patrix+ (150～200)
R
3 patrixes=150～250
w
2 patrixes=(1.33～1.35) f
Zero
w
1 patrix=(0.60～0.70) w
2 patrixes
H
2 patrixes=R
2 patrixes-R
1 patrix
L
1 patrix=2R
1 patrix+ 1500
L
2 patrixes=180～220
L
3 patrixes=1400～1600
L
4 patrixes=500+R
1 patrix
L
5 patrixes=1000+R
1 patrix
d
Patrix=550～650
Wherein, L
1 patrixRepresent the total length of patrix working end, L
2 patrixesRepresent working end and patrix pincers the length of join domain, L
3 patrixesRepresent the length of patrix pincers handle, L
4 patrixesRepresent the distance of patrix working end front end, L to the deep-slotted chip breaker center line
5 patrixesRepresent the distance of the supreme mould of deep-slotted chip breaker center line working end end, H
1 patrixRepresent the height of patrix working end, H
2 patrixesRepresent the difference in height in the deep-slotted chip breaker inboard and the outside, w
1 patrixRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 patrixesRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 patrixesRepresent the thickness of patrix working end mould body, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, d
PatrixRepresent the diameter of patrix pincers handle, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, L in the crank throw
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank.
4) method for designing of crooked counterdie:
The main effect of counterdie provides the die cavity that blank bends, shape according to preformed blank, counterdie 5 inner chambers are designed to wedge shape, can make the blank outside surface of when bending, cranking arm paste mould like this, reduce the waisting and the attenuate of side, and the blank crooked inner surface is born against to patrix, thereby improve blank internal arm quality.
Referring to Fig. 5 a-b, counterdie 5 is made of the counterdie working lining 26 of counterdie base 25 and both sides, and counterdie working lining 26 is outward-dipping, forms the wedge shape inner chamber, and counterdie working lining 26 outsides are provided with counterdie floor 30.Each spot size design formula of crank throw curved counterdie (unit, mm) as follows:
α
Counterdie=7 °～13 °
R
1 counterdie=400～500
R
2 counterdies=300～400
d
1 counterdie=(1.60～1.75) e
Base
d
2 counterdies=d
1 counterdie-2 (h
Counterdie-d
4 counterdies) tg α
Counterdie
d
3 counterdies=250～300
d
4 counterdies=350～500
d
5 counterdies=d
1 counterdie+ 2R
1 counterdie
w
Counterdie=(1.2～1.4) w
Base
Wherein, d
1 counterdieRepresent the width of the preceding die cavity collar extension of rounding, d
2 counterdiesRepresent the width of the preceding die cavity internal orifice of rounding, R
1 counterdieRepresent the radius of die cavity outer rim chamfering, R
2 counterdiesRepresent the radius of die cavity inner edge chamfering, α
CounterdieRepresent the angle of inclination of die cavity inside surface, d
3 counterdiesRepresent the thickness of counterdie working lining, d
4 counterdiesRepresent the thickness of lower mould base, d
5 counterdiesRepresent the length of lower mould base, w
CounterdieRepresent the width of lower mould base, w
1 counterdieRepresent the thickness of mould both sides counterdie floor, w
2 counterdiesDistance between the two counterdie floors, h
CounterdieRepresent the overall height of mould, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, e
BaseRepresent the width of boss lower edge.
5) method for designing of lower cavity die:
Lower cavity die 4 places the basal surface of wedge shape counterdie 5, and lower cavity die 4 upper ends (working end that contacts with blank) is lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker 15, cooperates patrix that the crank pin position of crank throw blank is extruded cylindrical region when the main effect of lower cavity die 4 is bending.
Referring to Fig. 6 a-b, lower cavity die 4 is made of lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker 15 and the lower cavity die base 27 that contacts with counterdie 5, each spot size design formula of lower cavity die (unit, mm) as follows:
R
1 is recessed=R
1 patrix
R
2 is recessed=R
2 patrixes
R
3 is recessed=R
3 patrixes
H
1 is recessed=R
2 is recessed-R
1 is recessed
H
2 is recessed=H
1 is recessed
H
Recessed=R
2 is recessed
w
1 is recessed=w
1 patrix
w
2 is recessed=w
2 patrixes
w
3 is recessed=w
3 patrixes
L
Recessed=w
Counterdie
Wherein, R
1 is recessedRepresent the radius of lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 is recessedRepresent the radius in the lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 is recessedRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, H
1 is recessedRepresent the difference in height in the deep-slotted chip breaker inboard and the outside, H
2 is recessedRepresent the height of lower cavity die base, L
RecessedRepresent the total length of lower cavity die, w
1 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker working end mould body, H
RecessedRepresent the overall height of lower cavity die, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
1 patrixRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 patrixesRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 patrixesRepresent the thickness of patrix working end mould body, w
CounterdieRepresent the width of lower mould base.
6) method for designing of plate:
The main effect of plate is can provoke blank when finishing, and each position of blank is pressed onto the process stipulation size.Plate upper end also is designed to arc, and the working end that plate 8 contacts with blank is a plate deep-slotted chip breaker 13, can guarantee the cylindrical region shape at finishing process crank pin position like this, designs baffle plate 17 in the plate both sides, can avoid blank landing in the switching process of finishing.
Referring to Fig. 7 a-b, plate 8 is connected and composed 29 by plate plate body 28, plate pincers, and plate plate body 28 both sides are provided with baffle plate 17.Each spot size design formula of plate (unit, mm) as follows:
R
1 plate=R
1 patrix
R
2 plates=R
2 patrixes
R
3 plates=R
3 patrixes
w
Plate=w
Base+ (200～300)
w
1 plate=w
Base
T
1 plate=(0.85～0.90) f
Zero
T
2 plates=T
1 plate+ 10
T
3 plates=(0.7～0.8) T
1 plate
A
Plate=550～650
B
Plate=1400～1600
C
Plate=150～250
N
Plate=1000～1200
M
Plate=500～700
P
Plate=150～200
Wherein, T
3 platesRepresent the oblique tip in plate top size foremost, T
1 plateRepresent the thickness of plate plate body front end, T
2 platesThe thickness of representing the plate plate to hold after one's death, N
PlateRepresent the length of baffle plate, M
PlateRepresent the width of baffle plate, P
PlateRepresent the thickness of baffle plate, R
1 plateRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 platesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 platesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
1 plateRepresent the width of plate plate body first half, w
1 plateRepresent the plate plate width of half part after one's death, L
PlateRepresent the total length of plate plate body, C
PlateRepresent plate plate body and plate pincers the distance between the junction, B
PlateRepresent the length of plate pincers handle, A
PlateRepresent the diameter of plate pincers handle, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, L in the crank throw
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank.
7) method that is used of various moulds:
In the process of preparation preformed blank, steel ingot is pulled out into the blank of band boss after, adopt V-arrangement mould 14 to extrude the V-shaped groove 11 of two symmetries at the blank middle part; As shown in Figure 8; the curved forging mould of crankshaft used for large boat crank throw; comprise on the flat anvil 1; mould 2; lower cavity die 4; crooked counterdie 5; platen 6; following flat anvil 7; plate 8; patrix 2 lower ends; lower cavity die 4 upper ends; plate 8 lower ends (working end that contacts with blank) are arcuate structure; patrix 2 lower ends (working end that contacts with blank) are patrix deep-slotted chip breaker 12; lower cavity die 4 upper ends (working end that contacts with blank) are lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker 15; plate 8 lower ends (working end that contacts with blank) are plate deep-slotted chip breaker 13; crooked counterdie inside cavity partly is a wedge structure; it is the outward-dipping wedge-shaped groove structure in side; its laterally inclined angle [alpha] counterdie=7-13 °; plate 8 both sides are provided with baffle plate 17, can avoid blank landing in the switching process of finishing.
In the bend-forging process of crank throw, at first with patrix 2, blank 3, counterdie 5 centerings, use flat anvil 1 then and slowly press mould 2, blank 3 is bent along following mold cavity, contact with lower cavity die 4 when being bent to a certain degree, when contacting with lower cavity die 4, patrix 2 stops bending, this moment, crank throw blank 3 middle parts were cylindrical (referring to Fig. 9), then blank 3 is broken away from counterdie 5, rotation patrix 2 drives blank 3 and rotates 90 °, mobile platen 6, make flat anvil 1, following flat anvil 7 and blank 3 are in the water pressure engine operating space, and flat anvil 1 in the employing, following flat anvil 7 presses (referring to Figure 10) to patrix 2 along crank pin 16 ends to the end of cranking arm gradually with blank, and notes upset, make two to crank arm parallelly, and guarantee the length unanimity.Take out patrix 2, insert plate 8 finishing (referring to Figure 11), blank is cranked arm for 3 liang press to specified altitude assignment to plate 8, the finishing touch profile is taken out plate 8 completions.
Embodiment
The forging parts of present embodiment is MAN B﹠amp; The 6S60MC-C model crankshaft crank of W patents company, the blank material is S34MnV, the heavy 15t of blank, blank heating temperature is 1250 ℃, mold material is 35CrMo, when crooked on the water pressure engine anvil depress speed and be about 20mm/s, the Computer simulation results of forging process is shown in Fig. 9-13.By Computer simulation results as can be known, in BENDING PROCESS, patrix lower end arc notch is stuck in the blank middle part just, can limit blank middle part material like this heaves to both sides, when contacting with lower cavity die, patrix stops bending, this moment, crank throw blank middle part was cylindrical, consistent with the processing parts shape (seeing Figure 12-13) so not only reduced process redundancy, and greatly reduce the cold working difficulty, blank is turning patrix finishing after breaking away from counterdie, patrix lower end arc area is closely contacted with the blank internal arm all the time, guaranteed the quality of forging internal arm, and made easy and simple to handle.When inserting the plate finishing, plate two side shields can prevent that blank from coming off when upset.Blank after be shaped and processing parts relatively, forging profile symmetry, process redundancy is even, especially at the crank pin position, blank shape is consistent with part shape, is cylindrical, so just greatly reduces the cold working difficulty.Adopt the mould of the present invention's design that preformed blank is forged, the crank throw parts forming quality that obtains is good, the profile symmetry, and streamline is even, and process redundancy is even, and inside and outside quality and mechanical property all meet international standards.
Figure 14 is for adopting the simulation drawing of traditional handicraft BENDING PROCESS, and Figure 15 is traditional handicraft finishing process simulation figure, and Figure 16 a-b is that the blank 10 (mesh lines part) after traditional handicraft is shaped compares with processing parts 9 (outline line part).The tradition argosy only comprises flat anvil 1, patrix 2, counterdie 5, plate 8, following flat anvil 7 etc. with crank throw curved forging mould, and blank 3 only is flat square billet, is not with V-shaped groove, and the technological design shortcoming that adopts this mould to process is:
(1) the preformed blank design is unreasonable, and crank throw internal arm material is piled up in BENDING PROCESS, and to the both sides expansion, causes crank throw curved inside surface folding serious, occurs defectives such as hydraucone, fold cracks easily at this position blank.
(2) mold shape design is unreasonable, and mould can not effectively be pasted in the blank side in the BENDING PROCESS, and it is little to contact area between blank and mould, and defectives such as attenuate, waisting appear in the side of cranking arm easily, cause the process redundancy deficiency.
The present invention can adopt computer modeling technique to predict common forging defect: because crank throw blank volume is big, and the deformation technique complexity, whole forging process needs 4～6 fire, and is unpredictable to the shaping situation of blank in whole forging flow process only according to the forging experience.And the employing computer modeling technique, not only can observe the flow of metal situation of diverse location, obtain the evolution in stress field, strain field and the temperature field of whole forging process, understand the compacting mechanism of forging better, and can dope various forging defects such as hydraucone that crank throw blank forging process may produce, fold cracks, waisting, attenuate, thereby avoided when formulating technology, therefore, computer simulation can be the actual process design theoretical direction is provided.By the repetition test on computer platform, can determine a kind of help guaranteeing forging forming quality, Forging Technology easy and simple to handle.
Claims (10)
1, the method for designing of crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and preformed blank is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1) adopt computer modeling technique to design the preformed blank of near-net-shape;
2) adopt computer modeling technique design crank bend forging and finishing mold;
3) adopt computer modeling technique to design the method that is used of various moulds.
2, method for designing according to described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 1 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1), adopt the preformed blank of computer modeling technique design near-net-shape, at first according to the shape of the processing drawing primary design blank of crank throw part, crank throw blank after obtaining being out of shape by computer simulation then, the crank throw processing parts is placed into the inside of blank forging, the employing technology of quantizing is determined the process redundancy of diverse location, after process redundancy removal unnecessary on the crank throw forging, the distortion forging that application reversible deformation method will be removed unnecessary process redundancy returns to not deformation state, finally obtain having the preformed blank of optimum shape, preformed blank is cranked arm and preformed blank boss that the middle part is provided with constitutes by tabular, and V-shaped groove is offered in symmetria bilateralis position, blank middle part.
3, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 1 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1), each spot size design formula of crank throw preformed blank that design obtains according to the part processing drawing (unit mm) is:
a
Base=(1.15～1.2) a
Zero
b
Base=(1.2～1.25) b
Zero
h
Base=(1.14～1.06) (2R
1 zero)
α
Base=α
Zero-(1 °～2 °)
β
Base=14.5 °～15.5 °
γ
Base=22 °～29 °
c
Base=(0.4～0.6) d
Base
(c
Base+ d
Base+ h
Base)=(1.00～1.05) L
Zero
s
Base=c
BaseTg β
Base
k
Base=h
Base-a
Base-s
Base
e
Base=(1.04～1.1) (2a
Zero+ f
Zero)
f
Base=(0.8～0.95) f
Zero
u
Base=(1.20～1.28) u
Zero
w
Base=(1.10～1.14) w
Zero
g
Base=(w
Base-u
Base) ctg γ
Base+ f
Base
L
Base=2 (d
Base+ c
Base)+e
Base
Wherein, the implication of crank throw processing parts size code is as follows:
b
ZeroRepresent the height of crank pin end, α
ZeroRepresent in the front view, on cranking arm/lower surface and the angle between the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, k
ZeroRepresent the length on the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, L
ZeroRepresent the total length of crank throw, a
ZeroRepresent the thickness of cranking arm, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, u in the crank throw
ZeroRepresent in the side view the terminal width of cranking arm, β
ZeroRepresent in the side view crank arm outside surface and the angle between the terminal inclined-plane of cranking arm, R
1 zeroRepresent the radius of crank pin cylinder, w
ZeroThe width that representative is cranked arm, R
2 zeroRepresentative is cranked arm and is gone up the radius in hot jacket hole;
The implication of crank throw preformed blank forging ' s block dimension code name is as follows:
b
BaseRepresent the width of preformed blank boss upper limb, α
BaseRepresent the angle between preformed blank boss lopsidedness plane and the vertical plane, e
BaseRepresent the width of preformed blank boss lower edge, k
BaseRepresent the height of preformed blank boss, β
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the inclination angle of the oblique tip, s with cranking arm
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the height of the oblique tip, c with cranking arm
BaseRepresent the preformed blank boss to be connected the length of the oblique tip, a with cranking arm
BaseThe thickness that representative is cranked arm, d
BaseThe length that representative is cranked arm, L
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, u
BaseThe width at the preformed blank middle part behind the V-shaped groove, f have been pressed in representative
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove inside, g
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove outside, γ
BaseRepresent the angle of V-shaped groove inclined-plane and bottom surface.
4, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 1 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), adopt computer modeling technique design crank bend forging and finishing mold: metal flow rule when crank throw curved has been determined the shape and the size design formula of V-arrangement mould, upper die and lower die, lower cavity die, plate; Be used for the V-arrangement mould of crank throw blank extrusion V-shaped groove corresponding with symmetria bilateralis position, crank throw blank middle part, patrix and blank contact site are arc, following mold cavity is a wedge structure, the basal surface of wedge shape counterdie is provided with lower cavity die, lower cavity die and blank contact site are arc, the plate that is used for finishing is corresponding with the blank inside surface, and plate and blank contact site are arc, plate both sides design baffle plate.
5, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 4 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), each spot size design formula of V-arrangement mould (unit mm) is:
h
The 1V mould=280～320
h
The 2V mould=100～120
α
The V mould=280 °～320 °
w
The 1V mould=f
Base
w
The 2V mould=w
The 1V mould+ 2h
The 1V mouldTg α
The V mould
L
The 1V mould=1.5h
Base
Wherein, w
The 1V mouldRepresent the V-arrangement die worker to make the width of end in front, w
The 2V mouldRepresent the width of V-arrangement mould base, h
The 1V mouldRepresent the V-arrangement die worker to make the height on inclined-plane, h
The 2V mouldRepresent the height of V-arrangement mould base, w
The 3V mouldRepresent the width of V-arrangement mould two side connecting plates, L
The 1V mouldRepresent the length of V-arrangement mould workplace, L
The 2V mouldRepresent the length of V-arrangement mould two side connecting plates; α
The V mouldRepresent the angle between V-arrangement mould both sides clinoplane and the vertical plane, f
BaseRepresent the width of V-shaped groove inside, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank.
6, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 4 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), each spot size design formula of crank throw curved patrix (unit mm) is:
R
2 patrixes=R
1 patrix+ (150～200)
R3
Patrix=150～250
w
2 patrixes=(1.33～1.35) f
Zero
w
1 patrix=(0.60～0.70) w
2 patrixes
H
2 patrixes=R
2 patrixes-R
1 patrix
L
1 patrix=2
The R1 patrix+ 1500
L
2 patrixes=180～220
L
3 patrixes=1400～1600
L
4 patrixes=500+R
1 patrix
L
5 patrixes=1000+R
1 patrix
d
Patrix=550～650
Wherein, L
1 patrixRepresent the total length of patrix working end, L
2 patrixesRepresent working end and patrix pincers the length of join domain, L
3 patrixesRepresent the length of patrix pincers handle, L
4 patrixesRepresent the distance of patrix working end front end, L to the deep-slotted chip breaker center line
5 patrixesRepresent the distance of the supreme mould of deep-slotted chip breaker center line working end end, H
1 patrixRepresent the height of patrix working end, H
2 patrixesRepresent the difference in height in the deep-slotted chip breaker inboard and the outside, w
1 patrixRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 patrixesRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 patrixesRepresent the thickness of patrix working end mould body, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, d
PatrixRepresent the diameter of patrix pincers handle, h
BaseRepresent the overall height of preformed blank, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, L in the crank throw
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank.
7, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 4 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), each spot size design formula of crank throw curved counterdie (unit mm) is:
α
Counterdie=7 °～13 °
R
1 counterdie=400～500
R
2 counterdies=300～400
d
1 counterdie=(1.60～1.75) e
Base
d
2 counterdies=d
1 counterdie-2 (h
Counterdie-d
4 counterdies) tg α
Counterdie
d
3 counterdies=250～300
d
4 counterdies=350～500
d
5 counterdies=d
1 counterdie+ 2R
1 counterdie
w
Counterdie=(1.2～1.4) w
Base
Wherein, d
1 counterdieRepresent the width of the preceding die cavity collar extension of rounding, d
2 counterdiesRepresent the width of the preceding die cavity internal orifice of rounding, R
1 counterdieRepresent the radius of die cavity outer rim chamfering, R
2 counterdiesRepresent the radius of die cavity inner edge chamfering, α
CounterdieRepresent the angle of inclination of die cavity inside surface, d
3 counterdiesRepresent the thickness of counterdie working lining, d
4 counterdiesRepresent the thickness of lower mould base, d
5 counterdiesRepresent the length of lower mould base, w
CounterdieRepresent the width of lower mould base, w
1 counterdieRepresent the thickness of mould both sides counterdie floor, w
2 counterdiesDistance between the two counterdie floors, h
CounterdieRepresent the overall height of mould, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, e
BaseRepresent the width of preformed blank boss lower edge.
8, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 4 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), each spot size design formula of lower cavity die (unit mm) is:
R
1 is recessed=R
1 patrix
R
2 is recessed=R
2 patrixes
R
3 is recessed=R
3 patrixes
H
1 is recessed=R
2 is recessed-R
1 is recessed
H
2 is recessed=H
1 is recessed
H
Recessed=R
2 is recessed
w
1 is recessed=w
1 patrix
w
2 is recessed=w
2 patrixes
w
3 is recessed=w
3 patrixes
L
Recessed=w
Counterdie
Wherein, R
1 is recessedRepresent the radius of lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 is recessedRepresent the radius in the lower cavity die deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 is recessedRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, H
1 is recessedRepresent the difference in height in the deep-slotted chip breaker inboard and the outside, H
2 is recessedRepresent the height of lower cavity die base, L
RecessedRepresent the total length of lower cavity die, w
1 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 is recessedRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker working end mould body, H
RecessedRepresent the overall height of lower cavity die, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
1 patrixRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker both sides transitional region front end, w
3 patrixesRepresent the thickness of deep-slotted chip breaker front end, w
2 patrixesRepresent the thickness of patrix working end mould body, w
CounterdieRepresent the width of lower mould base.
9, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 4 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: described step 2), each spot size design formula of plate is:
R
1 plate=R
1 patrix
R
2 plates=R
2 patrixes
R
3 plates=R
3 patrixes
w
Plate=w
Base+ (200～300)
w
1 plate=w
Base
T
1 plate=(0.85～0.90) f
Zero
T
2 plates=T
1 plate+ 10
T
3 plates=(0.7～0.8) T
1 plate
A
Plate=550～650
B
Plate=1400～1600
C
Plate=150～250
N
Plate=1000～1200
M
Plate=500～700
P
Plate=150～200
Wherein, T
3 platesRepresent the oblique tip in plate top size foremost, T
1 plateRepresent the thickness of plate plate body front end, T
2 platesThe thickness of representing the plate plate to hold after one's death, N
PlateRepresent the length of baffle plate, M
PlateRepresent the width of baffle plate, P
PlateRepresent the thickness of baffle plate, R
1 plateRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 platesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 platesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
1 plateRepresent the width of plate plate body first half, w
1 plateRepresent the plate plate width of half part after one's death, L
PlateRepresent the total length of plate plate body, C
PlateRepresent plate plate body and plate pincers the distance between the junction, B
PlateRepresent the length of plate pincers handle, A
PlateRepresent the diameter of plate pincers handle, R
1 patrixRepresent the radius of deep-slotted chip breaker inboard, R
2 patrixesRepresent the radius in the deep-slotted chip breaker outside, R
3 patrixesRepresent the radius of corner between interior semicircle of deep-slotted chip breaker and the straight workplace in both sides, w
BaseRepresent the overall width of preformed blank, f
ZeroRepresent and open crotch size, L in the crank throw
BaseRepresent the total length of preformed blank.
10, according to the method for designing of described crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship of claim 1 and preformed blank, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3), the method of being used of various moulds is: in the process of preparation preformed blank, after steel ingot being pulled out into the blank of band preformed blank boss, adopt the V-arrangement mould to extrude the V-shaped groove of two symmetries at the blank middle part; In the bend-forging process of crank throw, at first with patrix, blank, counterdie centering, use flat anvil then and press mould, blank is bent along following mold cavity, when contacting with lower cavity die, patrix stops bending, this moment, crank throw blank middle part was cylindrical, then blank is broken away from counterdie, the rotation patrix drives blank and rotates 90 °, and mobile platen makes flat anvil, following flat anvil and blank are in the water pressure engine operating space, flat anvil in the employing, following flat anvil along the crank pin end to crank arm end with blank gradually upwards mold pressing lean on, and note upset, and make two to crank arm parallelly, and guarantee the length unanimity; Take out patrix, insert the plate finishing, blank two is cranked arm press to specified altitude assignment to plate, the finishing touch profile is taken out the plate completion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101341121A CN100414553C (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2006-11-01 | Crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and designing method of preformed blank |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101341121A CN100414553C (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2006-11-01 | Crankshaft crank throw curved forging mould for large ship and designing method of preformed blank |
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| CN100414553C CN100414553C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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| CN100509206C (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
| CN100560246C (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Universal combined crankshaft used for large boat crank throw curved forging counterdie and method for designing |
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| CN100560246C (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Universal combined crankshaft used for large boat crank throw curved forging counterdie and method for designing |
| CN100509206C (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
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| CN102554087A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Die bending and forging finishing process of crank blank of low-speed diesel engine |
| CN102554087B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-11-12 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Die bending and forging finishing process of crank blank of low-speed diesel engine |
| CN104942194A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-09-30 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Method for forging a crank throw, method for manufacturing a crank throw and crank throw |
| CN105643193A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 陕西飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Optimization method for aluminum alloy forging blank in hot forging state |
| CN104625073A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-20 | 福立旺精密机电(中国)有限公司 | Reversible deformation treatment technology for mould with deformed outline of metal injection forming product |
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| CN106862450B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-18 | 江苏龙城精锻有限公司 | A kind of method of the pre- forging geomery of determining pawl pole Simulation Based On Multi-step hot forging |
| CN109530605A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-29 | 上海电气上重铸锻有限公司 | A kind of large size crank throw forging apparatus and forging method |
| CN109622856A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of full-fibre crankshaft upsetting extrusion process composable mold axial spacing method of adjustment |
| CN109622856B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-05 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Axial distance adjusting method for combined die in full-fiber crankshaft upsetting-extruding forming process |
| CN113680938A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-23 | 上海理工大学 | Design method of rotary swaging radial forming blank |
| CN113926973A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-14 | 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 | Combined anvil die and process for forging large crank throw |
| WO2023071376A1 (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 | Combined anvil die for forging large crank throw, and process |
| CN113926973B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-07-21 | 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 | Combined anvil die and process for forging large-scale crank throw |
| CN114346144A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 | Two-fire forming forging process for large crank |
| CN114346144B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2024-01-26 | 中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司 | Two-shot forming forging process for large crank |
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