CN1943197A

CN1943197A - Single and multiple sinewave modulation and demodulation techniques, apparatus, and communications systems

Info

Publication number: CN1943197A
Application number: CNA2005800114887A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 福里斯特·J·布朗; 罗纳德·E·孔塞尔; 查尔斯·V·波纳尔; 戴维·W·洛尔; 肯尼思·达历山德罗
Original assignee: Data Flow Technologies Inc
Current assignee: Data Flow Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2004-04-16
Filing date: 2005-04-12
Publication date: 2007-04-04
Also published as: US20060256893A1; CA2564052A1; BRPI0509892A; US7298796B2; CN1943198A; KR20070009708A; WO2005107201A3; US20050232368A1; CN1943196A; US20060215770A1; US20060233267A1; MXPA06011901A; EP1792457A2; WO2005107201A2; US7313200B2; US20060262866A1; US7046741B2; AU2005239577A1; EP1792457A4; US7298795B2

Abstract

A method for generating a substantially sinusoidal waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at selected phase angles thetan comprises generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a first function at phase angles lying outside of regions having a range Deltatheta beginning at each phase angle thetan, said first function being Y = sintheta; generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by the first functional phase angles lying inside the regions having a range of Deltatheta beginning at each phase angle thetan where data of the first value is to be encoded; and generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function at phase angles lying inside the regions having a range of Deltatheta associated with each phase angle thetan where data of the second value is to be encoded, the second function being different from Y=sintheta.

Description

Single and a plurality of sine wave modulation and demodulation techniques, equipment and communication system

Technical field

The present invention relates to come transmission information by the media of for example electric wire, cable and radio-frequency propagation (land and satellite).More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of single and a plurality of sine wave modulation technology, be used for coming the equipment of modulation and demodulation information and using the communication system of described modulation technique according to described modulation technique.

Background technology

Usually come point-to-point to transmit numerical data by one or more in three ins and outs---amplitude, frequency and phase place---of utilizing the AC signal.

Use some modulator approaches of amplitude character to be OOK (on-off keying) and common AM (amplitude modulation).In OOK, data bit is by the existence of carrier wave or do not have expression.In AM, data bit is represented by the difference in the relative amplitude of carrier wave, or by the different tones that use the expression numerical data carrier wave is carried out Modulation and Amplitude Modulation and represent.

The typical modulator approach of frequency of utilization character is FSK (frequency shift keying) and FM (frequency modulation).For FSK, the binary condition of numerical data is represented with the unexpected frequency change between two predetermined fixed frequencies.In FM, data bit is represented by the difference in the relative frequency of carrier wave, or by the different tones that use the expression numerical data carrier wave is carried out frequency modulation and represent.

Phase modulation also is common modulator approach, but is difficult to distinguish with FM when using separately.Developed and utilized more complicated modulator approach recently.For instance, newer and universal modulator approach is QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) relatively, and it uses the combination of amplitude modulation and phase modulation.Decide on using, there are some different versions in QAM.

Each of these modulator approaches is feasible, is confirmed in suitable communications applications and uses.The common several undesirable characteristic of all these modulator approaches is, they all need some circulations to transmit a position, and does like this and can produce significant sideband.These sidebands are for being necessary from carrier extract information, and occupy remarkable bandwidth in communication channel, thereby need that remarkable interval is arranged between the adjacent signal.

Summary of the invention

Modulation technique according to the present invention is used one or more sine curve carrier waves.The numerical data that comprises many digit order numbers is encoded in each half sine curve circulation.Each individual bits in n is positioned at the predetermined phase angle θ of circulation _nThe place.A digital watch aspect (for example, " zero ") is by in phase angle theta _nThe amplitude Y of place's sinusoidal waveforms does not change and represents.Other digital watch aspect (for example, " one ") is by changing phase angle theta _nPlace's sinusoidal waveforms is represented.Ax is preferably current, by in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ afterwards in the short time interval Δ θ _nChange sinusoidal waveforms.Perhaps, can also follow by the amplitude that increases (or reducing) sinusoidal waveforms in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ afterwards in the short time interval Δ θ _{(n+ Δ θ)}Change sinusoidal waveforms.

Current preferred but and non-essentially be, every a position carry out anti-phase (that is, " one " is anti-phase to be " zero ", and " zero " anti-phase be " one ").For many purposes, adaptability ground changes or optionally changes the number n and the phase angle phase angle theta of position _nIn any one or both.

In using the embodiment of a plurality of sine curve carrier waves, the sine curve carrier wave can be correlated with on frequency and be made it to be produced as to have a certain phase relation, and the feature of described phase relation is that all carrier waves all periodically are zero degree (sin θ=0) simultaneously.

Demodulation techniques according to the present invention detect modulated carrier wave, and by whether it being checked with the sine curve function of determining carrier wave with each phase angle theta _nTime interval Δ θ afterwards and change and come the key numbers data.For instance, if pass through in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ in the short time interval Δ θ afterwards _nAnd modulated carrier wave, check that so modulated carrier wave is to determine phase angle theta _nY=sin θ whether during the time interval Δ θ afterwards _n, or each phase angle theta _nWhether amplitude follows Function Y=sin θ during the time interval Δ θ afterwards.This inspection can mix detected sine curve carrier wave to detect with reference to differing between sinusoidal signal and the modulated carrier wave with having by (for example) with the reference sinusoidal signal of described carrier wave same frequency and phase place, or by (fast-fourier-transform, FFT) analysis realizes to modulated carrier wave execution fast Fourier transform.Then can cushion to digital data or handle and be used as mode known in the numerical data field in other mode.

Exemplary modulating equipment according to the present invention can be used to produce modulated carrier wave with digital mode.Can be as known in the art, usage counter comes to drive digital to analogy (D/A) transducer by the SIN function look-up table, so that produce the sine curve output voltage from D/A converter.If desired during time interval Δ θ with the output value of maintaining Y=sin θ of D/A converter, so, can be at expression θ _nTime point on the output latch of counter in the SIN function look-up table.When time interval Δ θ finished, release was latched, and the counting output at that time of counter is offered look-up table.According to one embodiment of present invention, bit rate is adaptable.

An exemplary demodulated equipment according to the present invention can be used to from modulated carrier extract digital information.Use modulated carrier wave to produce the reference sinusoidal signal that has same frequency and phase place with modulated carrier wave.Modulated carrier wave with mix in double balanced mixer with reference to sinusoidal signal.The digital circuit inspection comprise time interval Δ θ and just after time interval Δ θ the time window during the output of blender, to obtain the modulated carrier wave of indication and with reference to the signal of the phase change between the sinusoidal signal.The signal of sensing becomes the digital output stream of demodulator.

Another exemplary demodulated equipment uses optical technology from modulated carrier extract digital information.The brightness of these technology utilizations LED during having bits of coded is with the higher fact.

A communication system according to the present invention uses modulator that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on telephone wire or the end of other line to order wire.A plurality of so modulated carrier waves that preferably, will separate on frequency by the boundary belt number are injected in the line.Demodulator is coupled to telephone wire or other line other end to order wire.According to one embodiment of present invention, modulator and demodulator can be positioned at each end of line, and described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on the distribution wire.A plurality of so modulated carrier waves that preferably, will separate on frequency by the boundary belt number are injected in the line.Demodulator is in (for example) conventional bigeminy formula exit at customer location (for example, dwelling house or business location) and is coupled to distribution wire.According to one embodiment of present invention, described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.According to still another embodiment of the invention, Utilities Electric Co. can use communication system to come by optionally switch apparatus and lighting circuit come regulating load during the high capacity demand period at the customer location place.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on the end of coaxial cable communication line.Modulated carrier wave can carry out up conversion before being inserted on the coaxial wire.A plurality of so modulated carrier waves that preferably, will separate on frequency by the boundary belt number are injected in the line.Demodulator is coupled to the other end of coaxial cable communication line.According to one embodiment of present invention, modulator and demodulator can be positioned at each end of line, and described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator to produce according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention, and comes further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave to form the wireless RF signal with described at least one modulated carrier wave.Modulated carrier wave can carry out carrying out up conversion before the RF modulation.Preferably, a plurality of so modulated carrier waves that separate by the boundary belt number are carried out the RF modulation on frequency.Then emission is through the signal of RF modulation.The signal of being launched through the RF modulation is then detected by land RF receiver.Demodulator is coupled to land RF receiver.According to one embodiment of present invention, described communication can be two-way communication.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator to produce according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention, and comes further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave to form the wireless RF signal with described at least one modulated carrier wave.Modulated carrier wave can carry out carrying out up conversion before the RF modulation.Preferably, a plurality of so modulated carrier waves that separate by the boundary belt number are carried out the RF modulation on frequency.Then will be transmitted into earth orbit (earth-orbiting) or other satellite or spacecraft through the signal of RF modulation.Demodulator is coupled to the RF receiver in earth orbit or other satellite or the spacecraft.Earth orbit or other satellite or spacecraft then can maybe can carry out demodulation to it and use for this locality with the RF signal forwarding to another RF receiver.According to one embodiment of present invention, described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is the figure of explanation according to the exemplary single sine curve carrier wave of the technology of the present invention modulation.

Figure 1B be according to the single circulation of the sinusoidal wave carrier wave of the technology of the present invention modulation and from the voltage of the detected exemplary data of described carrier wave curve chart to the time.

Fig. 2 is that explanation can be according to the figure of a plurality of sine curve carrier waves of the technology of the present invention modulation.

Fig. 3 is the block diagram that is used to produce according to the illustrative modulator circuit of the modulated sine curve carrier wave of the technology of the present invention.

Fig. 4 A and 4B can be used for according to the frequency up-converter of communication system of the present invention and the block diagram of down converter.

Fig. 5 A is the block diagram of a plurality of illustrative modulator circuits, and each of described illustrative modulator circuit all is used to produce modulated sine curve carrier wave, and the output of described modulated sine curve carrier wave mixes according to the technology of the present invention.

Fig. 5 B is the block diagram that comprises the system of a plurality of illustrative modulator circuits, each of described illustrative modulator circuit all is used to produce modulated sine curve carrier wave, and the output of described modulated sine curve carrier wave mixes according to the technology of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that is used for from according to the illustrative demodulator circuit of the modulated sine curve carrier extract information of the technology of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the block diagram of a plurality of illustrative demodulator circuits, and each of described illustrative demodulator circuit all is used for the modulated sine curve carrier wave of demodulation, and the output of described modulated sine curve carrier wave is combined into output stream according to the technology of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the optics demodulator circuit that can use according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 A is the block diagram of explanation according to communication system of the present invention, described communication system is operated order wire by the line of for example telephone wire, described communication system comprises: modulator, its at each end of telephone wire so that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on the end of line to order wire; And demodulator, its be coupled to telephone wire or other line to each end of order wire so that carry out two-way communication.

Fig. 9 B is the block diagram of explanation according to communication system of the present invention, described communication system is operated by distribution wire, described communication system comprises: modulator, and it is coupled to distribution wire so that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on the end of distribution wire; And demodulator, it is coupled to each end of distribution wire so that carry out two-way communication.

Figure 10 is explanation is used for the communication system of coaxial cable communication line according to the present invention a block diagram, described communication system uses modulator that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on each end of coaxial cable communication line, and uses the demodulator of each end that is coupled to the coaxial cable communication line.

Figure 11 is the block diagram of explanation according to another communication system of the present invention, described communication system produces according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention and with described at least one modulated carrier wave at each end use modulator comes further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave with formation wireless RF signal, and uses the land RF receiver that is coupled to demodulator.

Figure 12 is the block diagram of explanation according to another communication system of the present invention, described communication system is used modulator to produce according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention and with next further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave of described at least one modulated carrier wave at each end and is transmitted into the wireless RF signal of earth orbit or other satellite or spacecraft with formation, and uses the demodulator that is coupled to the RF receiver in earth orbit or other satellite or the spacecraft.

Figure 13 is how the explanation Digital Signal Processing can be used for communication system according to the present invention to produce the block diagram of at least one modulated sine curve carrier wave as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 14 is how the explanation Digital Signal Processing can be used for the block diagram of communication system according to the present invention with at least one modulated sine curve carrier wave of demodulation.

Figure 15 is the block diagram how explanation can be used in combination with existing modem protocol according to communication system of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a block diagram of describing the illustrative embodiment of the sinusoidal wave receiver of multi-frequency.

Embodiment

Be understood by those skilled in the art that, the following description of the present invention only is illustrative and does not under any circumstance all have limited.Described technical staff will readily understand other embodiments of the invention.

At first referring to Figure 1A, it is the figure of explanation according to the exemplary single sine curve carrier wave 10 of the technology of the present invention modulation.Show just half circulation of sine curve ripple among Figure 1A.The x axle of Figure 1A be sine curve carrier wave 10 from 0 ° to 180 ° phase angle, and the y axle of Figure 1A be as known in the art sine curve carrier wave 10 locate the instantaneous amplitude that specification turns to peak value 1 for 90 ° at phase angle.The those skilled in the art by observe Figure 1A will understand how to carry out offset of sinusoidal curve carrier wave 10 from 180 ° to 360 ° the second semi-cyclic coding.

Follow according to the present invention n digit order number of coding in each sine curve of half circulation.Each individual bits in n is positioned at the predetermined phase angle θ of circulation _nThe place.A digital watch aspect (for example, " zero ") is by in phase angle theta _nThe amplitude Y of place's sinusoidal waveforms does not change and represents.Other digital watch aspect (for example, " one ") is by changing phase angle theta _nPlace's sinusoidal waveforms is represented.Preferably current, by in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ afterwards in the short time interval Δ θ _nChange sinusoidal waveforms.Preferably current, every a position carry out anti-phase (that is, " one " is anti-phase to be " zero ", and " zero " anti-phase be " one ").Be understood by those skilled in the art that, according to teaching of the present invention, except in phase angle theta _nKeep outside the voltage constant during the time interval Δ θ afterwards, also may change by offset of sinusoidal curve carrier wave.For instance, can also follow by the amplitude that increases (or reducing) sinusoidal waveforms in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ afterwards in the short time interval Δ θ _{(n+ Δ θ)}Change sinusoidal waveforms.According to the present invention, can use the combination of these two kinds of technology.

In Figure 1A, it only is the present invention for convenience of description that n is chosen as 4.The invention is not restricted to 4 digit order numbers of every half cycles coding of sine curve carrier wave 10, and the those skilled in the art will find, can every half cycles of sine curve carrier wave 10 encode other number.The encoded position of position on carrier wave 10 is illustrated in phase angle theta respectively ₁, θ ₂, θ ₂And θ ₄The place.These bit positions of displaying are located symmetrically among Figure 1A.Though it is it is comparatively convenient that the location makes the demodulation of carrying out signal like this, also non-essential according to the present invention.

In order to realize the purpose of Figure 1A, " zero " data value is not changed by the amplitude Y of sinusoidal waveforms and represents, and " one " represents by the amplitude Y that changes sinusoidal waveforms.In the example of Figure 1A, in employed modulation technique, every a position carry out anti-phase (that is, " one " is anti-phase to be " zero ", and " zero " anti-phase be " one ").Therefore, show among Figure 1A that

position

2 and 4 is by anti-phase.Though this modulation technique (carrying out anti-phase every a position) is current is preferred, is understood by those skilled in the art that, this is also inessential for putting into practice the present invention.

Figure 1A illustrate the coding four bit sequences 1000, its

meta

2 and 4 by anti-phase make encoded sequence shows in first half cycles of sine curve carrier wave 10, encode 1101.Therefore, start from phase angle theta ₁The place and in phase angle theta ₁Continue short time interval Δ θ afterwards, the sin theta function becomes discontinuous, and the Y value value of being held constant at Y=sin θ ₁When time interval Δ θ finished, the Y value rose to the θ into Y=sin[ ₁+ Δ θ].Similarly, start from phase angle theta ₂And in phase angle theta ₂Continue short time interval Δ θ afterwards, the sin theta function becomes discontinuous, and the Y value value of being held constant at Y=sin θ of function ₁, because just encoding anti-phase " 0 " (" 1 ").When time interval Δ θ finished, the Y value raise and is Y=sin[θ ₂+ Δ θ].The sin theta function is in phase angle theta and then ₃There is not interruption in angle time interval Δ θ place afterwards, because just encoding zero in described position.At last, start from phase angle theta ₄The place and in phase angle theta ₄Continue short time interval Δ θ, the Y value value of being held constant at Y=sin θ of function afterwards ₄, because just encoding anti-phase " 0 " (" 1 ").When time interval Δ θ finished, the Y value raise and is Y=sin[θ ₂+ Δ θ].

By observing the first and the 4th encoded position, the those skilled in the art will find, phase angle theta ₁And θ ₄The part of waveform at place, encoded position asymmetric.Less than 90 ° phase angle place, the rising of Y value postpones, and greater than 90 ° phase angle place, the reduction delay of Y value.Yet in both cases, when the unexpected variation of Y value (Δ Y) occurred in time interval Δ θ end, Y was constant always during time interval Δ θ.Detector will be sensed this and change suddenly so that restituted signal and extract digital information.As discussed previously, be understood by those skilled in the art that, can impel unexpected variation when the time interval, Δ θ began, to take place at phase angle place greater than 90 °, or the unexpected variation of amplitude can take place when beginning being in the time interval less than 90 ° phase angle, and takes place when finishing being in the time interval greater than 90 ° phase angle.

Among Figure 1A, discern near the core of the sine curve carrier wave 10 that is positioned at symmetrically 90 ° with the twill hacures.It is believed that in the practice that there is a certain scope near the phase angle that is positioned at symmetrically 90 °, in described scope, the unexpected changes delta Y of Y value will be difficult to maybe can not be detected because along with θ from both direction near 90 °, dsin θ/d θ (that is cos θ) is near zero.This can be by comparing and notice that with Δ Y1 and Δ Y2 the latter learns for less amplitude variations.Therefore preferably current, avoid bit position is positioned near phase angle theta=90 °.The size of this forbidden zone for example will depend on the factor of the ambient noise level in (but being not limited to) employed detection scheme, employed transmission medium and the transmission medium.

Be understood by those skilled in the art that may there be version in the modulation technique that discloses referring to Figure 1A under the situation that does not break away from notion of the present invention.For instance, consulted and used the unexpected variation that value that constant phase angle time interval Δ θ produces the unexpected variation of magnitude of voltage Y therefore takes place and disclosed of the present invention this on the one hand.The constant unexpected changes delta Y of same expection working voltage value, result make the value of phase angle time interval Δ θ will depend on that the position, angle of the changes delta Y of magnitude of voltage takes place in hope.In addition, in the example of Figure 1A, the voltage value of the being held constant at Y=sin θ during the time interval Δ θ _n, but can use other function.

Now referring to Figure 1B, its present according to the single circulation of the sinusoidal wave carrier wave of the technology of the present invention modulation and from the voltage of the detected exemplary data of described carrier wave curve chart to the time.Trace in the line last, show that the single circulation of sinusoidal wave carrier wave is modulated with four positions of every half cycles.Trace in the line last, displaying will be used the diagram of the technology of the present invention from the detected voltage of described carrier wave.Notice, about there not being encoded data in the zone of 90 ° of symmetries.

Now referring to Fig. 2, it wherein can come a modulated complex sine curve carrier wave with the different numerical data in the identical communication channel according to the technology of the present invention for the figure of explanation another aspect of the present invention.In the illustrative example of Fig. 2, can see that the several portions of showing seven sine curve carrier waves is in 40mS " frame ", wherein all carrier waves all are in phase angle zero place when each frame begins.Be understood by those skilled in the art that this can easily finish in arithmetically relevant carrier frequency by selecting frequency.In the illustrative example of Fig. 2, selected to start from the carrier frequency (that is, 250Hz, 275Hz, 300Hz, 325Hz, 350Hz, 375Hz and 400Hz) of 400Hz place and spaced apart 25Hz.As shown in the particular instance of Fig. 2 explanation, whenever recycling 16 positions, to cause data rate be 1,456 position of every frame, or 36,400 positions of every circulation.

As can be seen from Figure 2, carrier wave is arithmetically relevant, makes frame contain 15 complete cycle of 14 complete cycle of 13 complete cycle of 12 complete cycle of 11 complete cycle of ten complete cycle of first carrier, second carrier wave, the 3rd carrier wave, the 4th carrier wave, the 5th carrier wave, the 6th carrier wave and 16 complete cycle of the 7th carrier wave.Framing (wherein all carrier waves all are in phase angle zero place when each frame begins) is also inessential for using a plurality of carrier waves to put into practice the present invention like this, but it can be advantageously used in according to the recovery of the data in the communication system of the present invention and other synchronous movement.For instance, frame illustrated in fig. 2 begins phasing and can be used for synchronous purpose etc.

This a plurality of carrier waves aspect of the present invention can be used to expand total bandwidth available in given communication channel.For instance, will disclose as this paper, the bandwidth of typical twisted-pair telephone line is about 3KHz.According to the present invention, a plurality of sine curve carrier waves each can be in this frequency range on frequency spaced apart about 50-100Hz, and defeated in identical phone line.Can utilize this to increase the dedicated bandwidth that has that wherein can use in any communication channel of the present invention significantly.The those skilled in the art will understand from this disclosure, can use other frequency interval under other frequency.For instance, under the frequency of about 100MHz, a plurality of sine curve carrier waves about 500KHz that can be spaced apart from each other.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, any giving in the fixed system of carrying out according to the present invention, the required carrier spacing only is the carrier spacing that is necessary to be used between detection period to avoid from the interference of contiguous carrier frequency, and will depend on frequency range and the employed detection technique of being utilized.

According to a further aspect in the invention, can finish secure communication by the combination of selecting two or more carrier frequencies.Authorized transmission in this system can be discerned by the receiver of the existence that is configured to detect selected carrier frequency combination.According to an aspect of the present invention, communication system can be adaptive, and can use the information that on control channel, sends or, be used for following purpose by the frequency displacement of the detected frequency in order to one or more carrier waves that are shifted of receiver: the avoiding or minimize of (for example) noise, security purpose, enable a plurality of communication patterns, identification is wished for the message of selected receiver use, identification incident etc.Can implement the purpose that this does on the one hand of the present invention will differ greatly, and mainly be the problem of design alternative.

Now referring to Fig. 3, it is the block diagram of describing to be used to produce according to the illustrative modulator circuit of the modulated sine curve carrier wave of the technology of the present invention.The modulator of Fig. 3 only is illustrative, and is understood by those skilled in the art that, can use microprocessor for example by programming and other schemes such as Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology, state machine to carry out this function.

Known to using the SIN function look-up table that drives D/A converter to produce sine curve voltage.To be quantified as many centrifugal pumps from 0 ° to 360 ° phase angle.The multidigit counter is counted these centrifugal pumps continuously from the beginning to the end with constant clock rate.The output of multidigit counter is carried out addressing to the SIN function look-up table of the digitally coded sine function of phase angle that each quantification is provided.Sinusoidal proportional voltage of the discrete phase angle of the input of D/A converter output and look-up table.

Described two resolution that variable is phase angular resolution and A/D converter.In the illustrative modulator circuit of Fig. 3, show that 0 ° to 360 ° phase angular region is distinguished as 9 positions, or 1/512nd, make each increment be θ=0.703125 °.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, but other resolution used, although the number of the position that can encode in the half cycles of sine curve carrier wave may be limited for small in resolution.For instance, using θ is 9 bit resolutions, and so every half cycles is differentiated into 256 walk-off angles.It is believed that and to use this angular resolution to realize 64 the limit of putting into practice.

Similarly, the resolution of D/A converter should be chosen to make step pitch (step size) enough little so that provide relatively low amount distortion in the sine curve carrier wave of consequent non-modulated.Preferably current, the resolution of D/A converter is about 10 positions.Be understood by those skilled in the art that the resolution of D/A converter will influence the ability of using the FFT demodulation techniques, because the minimum delta Y that wishes to expect is significantly greater than the D/A step pitch.

Describe discrete logic components among Fig. 3.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, these elements can be made by for example using different technologies such as bipolar technology, CMOS technology, and can select for example logic family of TTL, ECL etc. according to the rate request of the frequency of operation defined of design circuit according to this.In addition, described technical staff will understand, and these elements can be integrated on the single integrated circuit, maybe these elements can be programmed in the programmable integrated circuit (for example, field programmable gate array), maybe performed logic function can be carried out to be state machine.

Among Fig. 3, show that clock generator 20 drives 9 binary counters 22.To be provided to latch 26 from 9 counting outputs of counter 22 by delay element 24.It is transparent that latch 26 is configured to when its clock is input as when low, and appears at 9 place values that it is imported when its clock is input as when high to latch in its output place.The output of latch 26 is used for driving sine lookup table 28.The output of sine lookup table 28 drives D/A converter 30.Show among Fig. 3 that D/A converter 30 is 10 positions at Fig. 3 intermediate-resolution, but the those skilled in the art will understand from this disclosure, can use different resolution.The modulated sine curve carrier wave of Figure 1A appears at output place of D/A converter 30.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, in the 9 digit counter examples of Fig. 3, the frequency of clock generator 20 be chosen as 512 times of sine curve carrier frequency of expectation.

Can come offset of sinusoidal curve carrier wave to apply modulation by the input of temporarily freezing offset of sinusoidal look-up table 28 during many clock pulse, the cycle of described many clock pulse equals the desired interval corresponding to Δ θ altogether.Experienced digital Design person will understand, and have the multiple mode of finishing this purpose.

Show an illustrative example of the method extremely flexibly of carrying out this modulation technique among Fig. 3, it uses nonvolatile memory 32.Nonvolatile memory 32 can be any nonvolatile memory, for example mask ROM (mask ROM), PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory etc.

9 countings from counter 22 are exported 9 least significant bits that are also supplied to nonvolatile memory 32, so nonvolatile memory 32 has a position of each discrete phase angle of being differentiated corresponding to the sine curve carrier wave.In the circuit of Fig. 3, in the nonvolatile memory 32 corresponding to scope [θ ₁+ Δ θ], [θ ₂+ Δ θ], [θ ₃+ Δ θ] and [θ ₄+ Δ θ] in the memory location of phase angle contain value " 1 ", and the memory location corresponding at these extraneous phase angles in the nonvolatile memory 30 contains value " 0 ".

Will coded data be delivered to data input register 34.Data input register 34 is to incorporate into to go here and there out (parallel-in serial-out) register.Data input register 34 is mounted with the n bit data, and n is the number of bit position that can be encoded onto in half circulation of sine curve carrier wave.Data input register 34 carries out the trailing edge timing by the data output of nonvolatile memory 32.Before first clock pulse, first data bit appears at serial output place of data input register 34.When the output of 9 digit counters 22 counting reached value corresponding to the phase angle position of first data bit that will encode, the output of nonvolatile memory 30 presented " 1 " value as previous announcement.If also be " 1 " value in the value of first data bit of serial output place of data input register 34, the output of AND door 36 becomes very (value " 1 ") so.There is output place of latch 26 in this Puzzle lock with 9 digit counters 22, thereby causes the output of D/A converter 30 to keep constant.The those skilled in the art will understand by observing Fig. 3, be inserted in the outgoing route of counter 22 with the output of the output that allows nonvolatile memory 32 and AND door 36 steady before new counting arrival latch 26 in the delay element 24.

During at this moment, 9 digit counters 22 continue counting, and it exports the content of addressing nonvolatile memory 32 successively.As long as the output of nonvolatile memory 32 presents " 1 " value to AND door 36, the output of latch 26 keeps being latched.When the output of nonvolatile memory 32 drops to " 0 " value, AND door 36 discharges latch 26, and the current output counting of 9 digit counters 22 is presented to look-up table 28, (or reduction) is value Y=sin θ thereby the output that causes D/A converter 30 raises immediately, and the currency of θ is by the current output counting expression of 9 digit counters 22.

As discussed previously, there is the multiple mode of modulating the sine curve carrier wave by the input of during many clock pulse, temporarily freezing offset of sinusoidal look-up table 28, the cycle of described many clock pulse equals the desired interval corresponding to Δ θ altogether.Utilize an advantage of the scheme of use nonvolatile memory 32 shown in Figure 3 to be phase angle theta ₁, θ ₂, θ ₂And θ ₄The data bit position and the time interval Δ θ at place can all or individually regulate by the content of programming nonvolatile memory 32 simply.For instance, as previous institute announcements herein, can individually regulate the length of time interval Δ θ so that cause the equal substantially Δ Y variation of expression " 1 " value.

Another advantage that obtains by use nonvolatile memory 32 is (as shown in Figure 3), optionally changes the bit rate of modulation.Diagram nonvolatile memory 32 comprises the higher level

bit address input

38 and 40 by 42 controls of bit rate controller.This example allows four independent sections of addressing nonvolatile memory 32.The position coding phase angle of the different numbers of available expression, at interval or the data of the various combination of two parameters each section of programming for the different time of Δ θ.

As be understood by those skilled in the art that bit rate controller 42 can be configured to come adaptively and dynamically to change bit rate and/or for time interval of Δ θ modulation in response to the state that changes in the communication channel of wherein using modulator of the present invention.Lift a non-limiting example, this technology can be used to as in the dialing modem now carry out and consult connection speed on the twisted-pair telephone line.Similarly, this technology can be used to change the state of the bit rate in any communication channel that it is used dynamically to change in the compensation communication channel of modulation technique of the present invention, for example noise etc.

Same as be understood by those skilled in the art that, can come phase angle position one or more of transition bit speed and/or Δ θ modulation by using bit rate controller 42 and additional address wire, so that visit other memory location for other purpose.These purposes comprise the identification synchronization frame, identification is used for the packet header of IP or other packet protocol (packet protocol) system, or discerns other incident or state.In this way, can be in to the carrier wave that receives the detection of position of " go out position (out-of-position) " distribute and for example discern incident, implication such as additional data is provided.The position that these implications can take place in " frame " according to this activity and changing.

The character of bit rate controller 42 will depend on the character and the structure of the system that is mounted with modulator to a great extent, and depend on and will be used for changing the state of bit rate or phase angle position.For instance, bit rate controller 42 can be configured to state machine, microcontroller or microprocessor.The programming of the configuration of state machine and/or microcontroller or microprocessor will be depended on the accurate process of just carrying out certainly, and be the task of a routine to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Yet, lift a general example, the bit rate controller can be through adjusting existing with sense state, request, interruption, incident or analogue, and an address is established in containing in order to the position that produces desired number and/or a certain position of setting the data of one or more positions at the phase angle place of the expectation of sine curve carrier wave in the memory 32, so that realize specific response for state, request, interruption, incident or analogue.If just encoding additional data, a phase angle of sine curve carrier wave meta position is set and (for example can be represented first digital state so, " zero "), and the setting of second phase angle of sine curve carrier wave meta position can be represented second digital state (for example, " ").

The receiver that is used for demodulation modulated sine wave of the present invention can be through adjusting detecting one or more positions that " go out the position " of one or more carrier waves, and carry out different actions based on described detection and the implication that is allocated in state.Use is that this can finish when still utilizing detected data, means the increase that can obtain function under the situation of the bandwidth degradation that can not make communication channel according to an advantage of the technology of the present invention.For instance, the carrier wave that presents the encoded position of " going out the position " can be used to the signal that the system that sends is about to increase or reduce the number of carrier wave in the channel.Be understood by those skilled in the art that the purposes of this additional intelligent capability of the present invention is hard-core in essence, and be suitable for using the customized configuration and the final use of its system.

The output of D/A converter 30 can be cushioned, and/or the output of the D/A converter of other modulator of this paper announcement mixes with coming freely, and can other mode further adjust, for example by carrying out for signal being inserted into prepare in the various communication channels necessary further modulation or frequency inverted.Explanation this one side of the present invention among Fig. 4 A and the 4B, the existing concern in this respect.

Fig. 4 A is the block diagram that can be used for transmitting for modulated carrier wave according to the present invention the frequency up-converter of preparing in communication system.An input of local oscillator 40 driven equilibrium RF blenders 42.Modulated sinusoidal wave carrier set is provided to another input of balance RF blender 42.The output of balance RF blender 42 is by band pass filter 44.Fig. 4 A's is well-known as being configured in the RF technology of frequency up-converter.

Fig. 4 B is the block diagram that can be used for according to the present invention the modulated carrier signal that receives in the communication system being carried out the down converter of down converted.With the same among Fig. 4 A, an input of local oscillator 40 driven equilibrium RF blenders 42.The RF input that receives is provided to another input of balance RF blender 42 by band pass filter 46.The output of balance RF blender 42 is delivered to the detector of type disclosed herein.Fig. 4 B's also is well-known in the RF technology as being configured in of down converter.

For instance, purposes about frequency up-converter and down converter in the situation of the present invention, the carrier frequency at the frequency place in the 1MHz scope can be converted to the 100MHz scope in the coaxial cable communication channel, and the 100MHz range frequencies can be converted to the gigahertz scope on the microwave link communication channel of for example land point-to-point link or satellite link, transmitting.The technology of this signal adjustment and frequency inverted is well-known in this technology.

Among Fig. 5 A another aspect of the present invention is described, it is the block diagram of a plurality of illustrative modulator circuits, each of described illustrative modulator circuit all is used to produce modulated sine curve carrier wave, and the output of described modulated sine curve carrier wave mixes according to the technology of the present invention.Modulator circuit 50-1,50-2,50-3 and 50-4 all can or can other mode dispose as configuration illustrated in fig. 3.The modulated sine curve carrier wave output of each modulator is fed into hybrid circuit 52.Hybrid circuit 52 can be configured to the same with summing amplifier as known in the art and simply, or can other mode dispose.

The output of hybrid circuit 52 is the composite wave-shapes that contain from whole indivedual modulated sine curve carrier wave of modulator circuit 50-1,50-2,50-3 and 50-4.The composite wave-shape of output place of hybrid circuit 52 can other mode further be adjusted, for example by carrying out for signal being inserted into prepare in the various communication channels necessary further modulation or frequency inverted.The technology of this signal adjustment and conversion is well-known in this technology.

Now referring to Fig. 5 B, it is for showing the block diagram of the system 60 that comprises a plurality of illustrative modulator circuits, each of described illustrative modulator circuit all is used to produce modulated sine curve carrier wave, and the output of described modulated sine curve carrier wave mixes according to the technology of the present invention.Multi-frequency primitive phase shift data reflector described herein is to use the primitive phase in-migration of a carrier wave (or a plurality of carrier wave) to pass on a kind of in many implementations of method of numerical data.

Controller 62 provides the supervision of system and control.The data that data buffer 64 storages enter from its source.From external source input data clock is imported.It can be serial or parallel on form.The specific data bit of appropriate time output that data buffer 64 under the supervision of controller 62 is just established (de-assertion) (if the position is zero) in the establishment (assertion) (if being) or the cancellation of aforesaid primitive phase change.

A plurality of serial device state machine 66-1 hint that to 66-6 such as title each is to drive the state machine of a plurality of corresponding sinusoidal wave searching meters (LUT) 68-1 to 68-6 by address output respectively when the timing time series.Be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of this serial device state machine that uses in the actual implementation of the present invention is for arbitrarily, and property example and show six as an illustration only.State machine 66-1 all is used for producing sinusoidal wave carrier wave according to the principle of the invention to each of 66-6, and can be configured to (for example) and carry out the process disclose referring to Fig. 3 or the equivalent process that produces the modulated sinusoidal wave carrier wave of Figure 1A and 1B.

Sinusoidal wave LUT 68-1 is the fixedly preprogrammed memory that is similar to read-only memory (ROM) to 68-6.Each makes these memories for each Input Address position through programming, and data register is preserved the characteristic phase place of ripple position or the optional network specific digit value of the sinusoidal wave amplitude that the angle is located.In common embodiment, along with the address is energized successively, the digital watch aspect of data output sine wave output.Peak amplitude is for fixing, and sinusoidal wave frequency directly corresponding to the address by the speed of sequencing with form the number in the address step of complete ripple.

Each has three inputs to serial device state machine 66-1 to 66-6: clock, data and reset.Clock impel serial device state machine 66-1 to all addresses of 66-6 sequencing so that produce sine wave signal to 68-6 from LUT 68-1.When data bit exists and be in sinusoidal wave correct phase position, serial device will impel its related LUT to postpone its output and cause that the master phase in its output changes.When being established when resetting, it makes each serial device state machine return known state.

Each is the fixedly preprogrammed memory that is similar to read-only memory (ROM) to LUT 68-1 basically to 68-6.This memory makes for each Input Address position that through programming data register is preserved the particular phases of ripple position or the optional network specific digit value of the sinusoidal wave amplitude that the angle is located.In common embodiment, along with the address is energized successively, the digital watch aspect of data output sine wave output.Peak amplitude is for fixing, and sinusoidal wave frequency directly corresponding to the address by the speed of sequencing with form the number in the address step of complete ripple.

Can use multiple scheme to distribute from the data of data buffer 64 so that with data allocations to serial device state machine 66-1 to 66-6.As discussed previously, serial device state machine 66-1 will have nothing in common with each other to each the data rate of 66-6.

A kind of exemplary manner of distribute data is in turn each to be assigned to encode a serial device state machine of next bit of serial device state machine 66-1 being about in the 66-6.The method can be described as " streaming " herein, and its advantage is: need not reconfigure data at the receiver place, because data are the form of simple serial data stream.In case specified the number and the frequency of system design and definite carrier wave, can produce this sequential according to simple arithmetic.According to known array data being strobed into serial device state machine 66-1 details of a suitable serial device state machine to the 66-6 from data distributor is customary Design of Digital Circuit matters.Give an example referring to Fig. 2 once more, and suppose and to be encoded to 4 positions in every half cycles of each sinusoidal wave carrier wave,, can easily calculate phase angle theta for each sinusoidal wave carrier wave in the single frame ₁, θ ₂, θ ₂And θ ₄The time absolute position of each position, angle.Controller 62 can use these times each with sinusoidal wave carrier wave in a sinusoidal wave carrier wave related with it next data bit is assigned to serial device state machine 66-1 suitable serial device state machine in the 66-6.

Another exemplary manner of distribute data is, for each frame, distributes one group of data to serial device state machine 66-1 to each of 66-6, and described data have the position of the number equal number of the position that will encode with serial device in present frame.In case specified the number and the frequency of system design and definite carrier wave, can know this information.In the example of Fig. 2, table 1 is showed for each carrier wave, the number of the position that each frame will use.

Frequency	The period of every frame	The figure place of every frame
Frequency	The period of every frame	The figure place of every frame	250Hz
	10	160	250Hz
	10	160	275Hz	11	176
300Hz	12	192	275Hz	11	176
300Hz	12	192	325Hz	13	208
350Hz	14	224	325Hz	13	208
350Hz	14	224	375Hz	15	240
400Hz	16	256	375Hz	15	240

As be understood by those skilled in the art that, according to the complexity that is distributed in the data of coding side, this data distribution schemes may be restricted, because it possibly can't adapt to the extremely fast data rate of receiving terminal,, this is filled because data distributor must be waited for the described data set of each carrier wave before data set is prepared to discharge and being.

LUT 68-1 is provided to D/A converter 70-1 respectively to 70-6 to the output of 68-6.D/A converter 70-1 will be converted to the input of summing amplifier 72 from LUT 68-1 linearly and continuously to 70-6 to the parallel 8 bit digital bytes of 68-6.Summing amplifier 72 is routine configurations of circuit, and it uses operational amplifier some indivedual analog signals to be added together to produce a composite signal linearly.

Demodulation techniques according to the present invention detect modulated carrier wave, and whether it is checked with the sine curve function of determining carrier wave with each phase angle theta _nTime interval Δ θ afterwards and changing.For instance, if pass through in phase angle theta _nKeep amplitude Y=sin θ in the short time interval Δ θ afterwards _nAnd modulated carrier wave, so just check that modulated carrier wave is to determine phase angle theta _nY=sin θ whether during the time interval Δ θ afterwards _n, or each phase angle theta _nWhether amplitude has followed Function Y=sin θ during the time interval Δ θ afterwards.This inspection can mix detected sine curve carrier wave detecting with reference to differing between sinusoidal signal and the modulated carrier wave with having by (for example) with the reference sinusoidal signal of described carrier wave same frequency and phase place, or by modulated carrier wave execution fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is realized.This demodulator also can contain the circuit that is placed in the position of " going out the position " in one or more described carrier waves in order to detection.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that is used for from according to the illustrative demodulator circuit of the modulated sine curve carrier extract information of the technology of the present invention.The modulated sine curve carrier wave that at first, will import into is provided to the signal input and adjusts square frame 80.The character that the circuit of square frame 80 inside is adjusted in the signal input will depend on the transmission medium that uses in the communication channel.For instance, if transmission medium is the twisted-pair cable that for example can run in the telephone network, the signal input is adjusted square frame 80 and can be formed by the differential lines receiver so.If transmission medium is the radio or the microwave emitter that can run in for example wireless or the satellite communication system, signal input is adjusted square frame 80 and can be made up of common RF and IF front-end circuit so, comprises antenna, RF amplifier, down converter and RF detector (if be applicable to employed RF system).

The output that square frame 80 is adjusted in the signal input is provided to narrow-band pass filter 82.The Q of narrow-band pass filter 82 should be about at least 100.The centre frequency of narrow-band pass filter 82 is chosen as the frequency of modulated sine curve carrier wave.Signal from narrow-band pass filter 82 amplifies in amplifier 84, and is provided to a side of double balanced mixer 86.The opposite side of double balanced mixer 86 is fed by the output of digital controlled oscillator (NCO) 88.The frequency of NCO 88 and phase settings are frequency and phase place of the modulated sine wave in the passband of band pass filter 82.

In use communication channel according to the present invention in the communication system of a plurality of modulated carrier waves, each that stipulate demodulation carrier wave individually is to extract encoded data.Now referring to Fig. 7, it is for showing the block diagram of the incoming line 90 that drives a plurality of illustrative

balanced mixers

92,94,96,98,100 and 102.Show six balanced mixers among Fig. 7, decide, can use the balanced mixer of any number through the sine wave of different frequency modulation but how many modulator circuits that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that view 5A produces.

Balanced mixer

92,94,96,98,100 and 102 is also driven by the output of the many sine-wave producers 104 of NCO.Each is output as from wherein extracting one the sinusoidal waveform through the carrier frequency of sine wave modulation of digitally coded information.

Balanced mixer

92,94,96,98,100 and 102 output are combined into the serial or parallel output stream according to known technology in data acoustic convolver (data convoluter) 106.

Data acoustic convolver 106 reconfigures the numerical data from indivedual modulated sine waves.Because indivedual modulated sine waves are in the different frequency place, thus from each n the position data will reach different rates.For instance, in the system of the telephone wire bandwidth below using 3KHz, carrier frequency may be 1KHz, 1.2KHz, 1.4KHz ... 3KHz.Data in the 1Khz carrier wave will reach the speed of every 1mSec n position.Data in the 3Khz carrier wave will reach three times of described speed.The bag data that reconfigure and reconfigure in the IP packet network from the data of different carrier do not have a great difference.Can use various known technology.Be understood by those skilled in the art that the details that reconfigures process will be divided in the function of the mode in some carrier waves in the multicarrier system and changes as data.

According to an aspect of the present invention, can use a carrier wave to carry necessary control information for one or more aspects of communication, or the combination of control information and data.Amount on the control information that needs in the communication channel is decided, can have minimum data rate (promptly, 1KHz carrier wave in the above-mentioned example), peak data rate (that is, 3KHz carrier wave in the above-mentioned example in) the carrier wave, or other carrier wave one in the control information of encoding.

Now referring to Fig. 8, its displaying is used for the replacement circuit and the method for the sine curve carrier wave that demodulation modulates according to the principle of the invention.This demodulator is operated by driving a transfer point light-emitting diode display, and the point that wherein illuminates is represented the level of the modulated sine wave that receives.(the phase angle theta of Figure 1A for example because part with zero-bit modulation of the part of the non-modulated of sinusoidal wave carrier wave and carrier wave ₄The place is showed) voltage changes and the part place that modulate position of the usefulness of the carrier wave (phase angle theta of Figure 1A for example quite apace ₄The place displaying) voltage level keeps constant in longer cycle, so corresponding to the phase angle theta that starts from Figure 1A ₄The LED of the voltage level at place will be brighter in a long time.Sensing and this luminance difference of decoding.

The demodulator circuit of Fig. 8 outputs to logic and led driver circuit 110 with one in the modulated sine wave.In one embodiment of the invention, logic and led driver circuit 110 can be bar formula display (dot bardisplay) integrated circuit, for example the LM3914 integrated circuit that can buy from the National Semiconductor Corporation of Santa Clara, California.LM3914 is a monolithic integrated circuit, and its induction analog voltage level also has the output that is used to drive a plurality of LED, and therefore the linear analogue display is provided.Described display can be configured to the transfer point display.The output of diagram logic and led driver circuit 110 drives five optical isolator circuit 112-1 to 112-5.Each optical isolator circuit contains the LED that is coupled to phototransistor on the optics.The anode of LED is coupled to positive potential, and its negative electrode is coupled to one in the output of logic and led driver circuit 110.Show the grounded emitter of phototransistor among Fig. 8, and collector coupled is coupled to the positive voltage current potential together and by resistor 114, but is understood by those skilled in the art that, can use other circuit arrangement.

Difference between " zero " position and " one " position is that for " one " position, the voltage at the place, bottom of resistor 114 is lower, because the electric currents that drawn that just conducting electricity in the phototransistor are higher.From particular system, obtaining easily in order to determine the sequential of who just sensed voltage level in available available voltage, phase place and the frame information.

Be understood by those skilled in the art that the configuration of Fig. 8 will be operated in wider frequency range, and the assembly that should note selecting wishing this circuit of using under upper frequency is to guarantee that its response time is enough to the frequency of intended use.

Now referring to Fig. 9 A and 9B, it is the block diagram of explanation according to intercommunication system 120 of the present invention, and described intercommunication system 120 uses electric wire as communication medium.Fig. 9 A shows according to use telephone wire of the present invention or other line the communication system of order wire as communication medium.Subscriber station 122-1 and 122-2 comprise input unit 124-1 and 124-2 (for example, computer) respectively.Be understood by those skilled in the art that one among subscriber station 122-1 and the 122-2 can be for example supplier of Internet service provider (ISP), and as known in the art, many subscriber stations can be connected to single ISP.

Each station also comprises modulator/demodulator and I/O signal adjustment unit 126-1 and 126-2 respectively.Modulator/demodulator can be as disclosed herein and dispose.Be understood by those skilled in the art that as known in the art, the I/O signal adjustment unit is used for preparing for modulated signal, so that online to sending to telephone company central office 130 on the order wire 128.

Now referring to Fig. 9 B, it shows that (described technology utilizes power line as communication medium for broadband-over-power-line, the BPL) communication system 140 of technology according to electrification live width band of the present invention.Subscriber station 142-1 and 142-2 comprise input unit 144-1 and 144-2 (for example, computer) respectively.Be understood by those skilled in the art that each among subscriber station 142-1 and the 142-2 is point to point link each other, or can be subscriber station or server in the Local Area Network environment that comprises other subscriber station (not shown).

Each station also comprises modulator/demodulator and I/O signal adjustment unit 146-1 and 146-2 respectively.Modulator/demodulator can be as disclosed herein and dispose.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, the I/O signal adjustment unit is used for subscriber station is coupled to the electric line outlet in commerce or the residential area so that transmit and receive modulated signal on power line 148, and described modulated signal (passes through step-down transformer) as known in the art and is fed into 4.8KV distribution transformer 150.Go to by the outside position of the distribution tree of distribution transformer 150 service or from the data of described position and can on (for example) fiber optic cables 152, be coupled to distribution transformer 150 and therefrom turnover as known in the BPL technology by I/O coupling circuit 154.As known in the communications field, fiber optic cables 152 can be coupled to ISP or other server entity.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator that at least one modulated carrier wave according to the present invention is inserted on the end of coaxial cable communication line.Modulated carrier wave can carry out up conversion before being inserted on the coaxial wire.A plurality of so modulated carrier waves that preferably, will separate on frequency by the boundary belt number are injected in the line.Demodulator is coupled to the other end of coaxial cable communication line.According to one embodiment of present invention, modulator and demodulator can be positioned at each end of line, and described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.Roughly show this one side of the present invention among Figure 10.

Now referring to Figure 10, it is the block diagram of explanation according to intercommunication system 160 of the present invention, and described intercommunication system 160 uses the coaxial cable communication line that for example can occur in cable TV (CATV) system as communication medium.Subscriber station 162-1 and 162-2 comprise input unit 164-1 and 164-2 (for example, computer) respectively.Be understood by those skilled in the art that one among subscriber station 162-1 and the 162-2 can be for example supplier of Internet service provider (ISP).

Each station also comprises modulator/demodulator and I/O signal adjustment unit 166-1 and 166-2 respectively.Modulator/demodulator can be as disclosed herein and dispose.Be understood by those skilled in the art that as known in the art, the I/O signal adjustment unit is used for preparing for modulated signal, so that on coaxial cable communication line 168, send to CATV head end (head end) 170.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator to produce according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention, and comes further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave to form the wireless RF signal with described at least one modulated carrier wave.Modulated carrier wave can carry out carrying out up conversion before the RF modulation.Preferably, a plurality of so modulated carrier waves that separate by the boundary belt number are carried out the RF modulation on frequency.Then emission is through the signal of RF modulation.The signal of being launched through the RF modulation is then detected by land RF receiver.Demodulator is coupled to land RF receiver.According to one embodiment of present invention, described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.Roughly show this one side of the present invention among Figure 11.

Now referring to Figure 11, it is the block diagram of explanation according to intercommunication system 180 of the present invention, and described intercommunication system 180 uses land RF radio communication line as communication medium.Subscriber station 182-1 and 182-2 comprise input unit 184-1 and 184-2 (for example, computer) respectively.Be understood by those skilled in the art that one among subscriber station 182-1 and the 182-2 can be for example supplier of Internet service provider (ISP).

Each station also comprises modulator/demodulator and I/O signal adjustment unit 186-1 and 186-2 respectively.Modulator/demodulator can be as disclosed herein and dispose.Be understood by those skilled in the art that as known in the art, the I/O signal adjustment unit is used for preparing for modulated signal, so that carry out wireless transmission and reception.RF transceiver 188-1 and 188-2 are used for carrying out RF modulation and launch modulated sine curve carrier wave, and reception and demodulation are from another station RF signals transmitted.It is well-known that this RF equipment transmits and receives in the technology at RF.As used herein, term " RF " wishes to contain about 500KHz until between the microwave part of the VHF of frequency spectrum and UHF part and frequency spectrum and comprise the VHF of frequency spectrum and the microwave frequency spectrum partly of UHF part and frequency spectrum.

Another communication system according to the present invention uses modulator to produce according at least one modulated carrier wave of the present invention, and comes further modulated RF (RF) carrier wave to form the wireless RF signal with described at least one modulated carrier wave.Modulated carrier wave can carry out carrying out up conversion before the RF modulation.Preferably, a plurality of so modulated carrier waves that separate by the boundary belt number are carried out the RF modulation on frequency.Then will be transmitted into earth orbit or other satellite or spacecraft through the signal of RF modulation.Demodulator is coupled to the RF receiver in earth orbit or other satellite or the spacecraft.Earth orbit or other satellite or spacecraft then can maybe can carry out demodulation to it and use for this locality with the RF signal forwarding to another RF receiver.According to one embodiment of present invention, described communication can be two-way communication.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the negotiable bit rate that will be used to communicate by letter of modulator and demodulator.Roughly show this one side of the present invention among Figure 12.

Now referring to Figure 12, it is the block diagram of explanation according to intercommunication system 190 of the present invention, and described intercommunication system 190 uses the satellite wireless communication line as communication medium.Subscriber station 192-1 and 192-2 comprise input unit 194-1 and 194-2 (for example, computer) respectively.Be understood by those skilled in the art that one among subscriber station 192-1 and the 192-2 can be for example supplier of Internet service provider (ISP).

Each station also comprises modulator/demodulator and I/O signal adjustment unit 196-1 and 196-2 respectively.Modulator/demodulator can be as disclosed herein and dispose.Be understood by those skilled in the art that as known in the art, the I/O signal adjustment unit is used for preparing for modulated signal, so that carry out wireless transmission and reception.198-1 of satellite station and 198-2 are used for modulated sine curve carrier wave is carried out microwave modulation and it is transmitted into satellite 200, and reception and demodulation 200 microwave signals from another station emission via satellite.It is well-known that this satellite equipment transmits and receives in the technology at microwave.

As previous announcement, the modulator and demodulator circuit shown in Fig. 3 to 8 only is illustrative, and other modulation and demodulation solution contains within the scope of the invention.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, according to using Digital Signal Processing to produce as shown in Figure 2 at least one modulated sine curve carrier wave and described at least one the sine curve carrier wave of demodulation in the communication system of the present invention.Show this DSP modulator and demodulator in Figure 13 and 14 respectively.

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a kind of algorithmic approach that conversion of signals in the time domain is become the expression item in the frequency domain.Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) by obtaining the parallel digital data form coefficient of frequency and its continuous periodic signal that converts to again in the time domain reversed described process.IFFT can be used to produce according to modulated sine wave signal of the present invention, and FFT can be used to demodulation modulated sine wave signal according to the present invention.Be understood by those skilled in the art that, be used to according to the present invention to separate be in harmonious proportion the FFT of modulation and IFFT technology at the most for wherein processing engine clock speed and A/D and D/A conversion speed be about will modulation and demodulation 6 times frequency through the sinusoidal wave carrier frequency of highest frequency modulation be useful.

Now, coefficient of frequency is provided to IFFT square frame 210 referring to Figure 13.Use known DSP technology to dispose IFFT square frame 210.IFFT is modulated into needed accurate primitive phase shift signalling with the digital watch aspect of each sound carrier.Then be fed into digital to analogy (D/A) transducer 212 to produce time-domain signal from the time domain data of IFFT square frame 210 outputs.The typical resolution of IFFT square frame 210 and D/A converter 212 is greater than about 8 positions.D/A converter 214 should be enough fast so that per second is carried out the conversion of 100K at least.The output of D/A converter is filtered by low pass filter 214.Filtration to output signal is limited to the information content of removing high frequency noise and not damaging each carrier wave.For reaching this purpose, low pass filter 214 can be implemented as (for example) 6 utmost point Butterworth filters (6-pole butterworth filter) or be implemented as zero group delay (zero-group-delay) and realize the result with the decline of 60 decibels/octave.

Now referring to Figure 14, it discloses the FFT DSP embodiment according to demodulator circuit of the present invention.The FFT technology is well-known in this technology.Demodulator circuit comprises A/D converter 216 and FFT square frame 218.

Now referring to Figure 15, it is for illustrating the block diagram that can how to be used in combination with existing modem protocol according to communication system of the present invention.Though Figure 15 shows that this system 220 uses V.90 modem protocol, the those skilled in the art will understand by observing FI.15 and appended disclosure, other modem protocol can be integrated among the present invention.

The interface that phone hybrid circuit (Phone hybrid) 222 provides between modulator-demodulator and the physical telephone network.Hybrid circuit also provides the emission of modulator-demodulator and the isolation between the receiver side so that by matched impedance and reduce the noise composition (noise contribution) that local reflector causes strengthen operation in receiver.

Switch 224 turns to V.90 modulator-demodulator 226 or by the multi-frequency modulator-demodulator of all the other arrangements of components of Figure 15 of standard with the connection of hybrid circuit.The state of switch is under the control of microcontroller 228.The overall operation of microcontroller 228 control system.In self-contained microprocessing unit, comprise RAM, ROM and CPU.It provides 10/100 Ethernet or USB (USB) 230 and modulator-demodulator 226 or by the interface between the multi-frequency modulator-demodulator of all the other arrangements of components of Figure 15 V.90.V.90 modulator-demodulator is well-known standard " 56K " modulator-demodulator in this technology.V.90 modulator-demodulator provides the ability that modulator-demodulator was communicated by letter under the standard low velocity before the high-speed link that is provided by said units is provided into.

The interface that arrives IFFT and FFT

square frame

232 and 234 is also ordered and controlled to microcontroller 228.Microcontroller 228 from 10/100 and usb bus 230 receive data and it be formatted as suitable output to IFFT 232 so that produce signal for the necessity that outputs to telephone wire.Microcontroller 228 also from FFT square frame 234 receive numeric words and send it to 10/100 and usb bus 230 before these numeric words of translation to obtain data content.The system clock of microcontroller is provided by clock generator 236.Clock generator 236 provides clock and system synchronization for system operation.

Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) square frame 232 is Digital Signal Processing (DSP) processes that the numeric word of the signal in the expression frequency domain converted to the signal in the time domain.The numeric word of expression frequency domain parameter is fed into IFFT 232 concurrently.The Continuous Flow of the Parallel Digital word of the analog signal that IFFT 232 outputs one expression will produce in time domain.Data flow from IFFT 232 is fed to D/A converter 238, D/A converter 238 is converted into the sequence of an analog level with the sequence of parallel digital data, and the sequence of described analog level is along with the time produces the continuous analog signal that expression is input to the frequency parameter of IFFT 232.The change over clock of IFFT conversion and providing by clock generator 236 synchronously.

16 D/A converters 238 will convert representative analog level to linearly and continuously from parallel 16 bit digital word of the output of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) square frame 232.Flowing successively continuously along with the time produces compound output analog signal of simulation output sample, described compound output analog signal is fed into telephone wire by interchanger 224 and hybrid circuit 222.The sample rate that is used for the constructing analog signal is determined by clock generator 236.

16 A/D square frames 240 will convert 16 bit digital word as the expression item of each sampling simulation level to by interchanger 224 linearly from the simulation output of hybrid circuit 222.16 samples are fed into the input of fast Fourier transform (FFT) 234 concurrently.Analog signal is determined by clock generator 236 to the sampling rate of numeric word.

Fourier transform (FFT) the 234th becomes the analog signal conversion in the time domain Digital Signal Processing (DSP) process of the digital watch aspect of the signal in the frequency domain.Expression is fed into FFT 234 concurrently from the numeric word of the time domain samples of A/D converter 240.FFT 234 will represent that subsequently the Parallel Digital word of frequency component of time domain (simulation) signal of sampling outputs to microcontroller 228.The change over clock of FFT conversion and providing by clock generator 236 synchronously.

V.90 system 200 uses, and modem negotiation connects.If another station indicates it can use the technology of the present invention communication, microcontroller 228 impels interchanger 224 that D/A converter 238 and A/D converter 240 are connected to hybrid circuit 222 rather than modulator-demodulator V.90 so.

Now referring to Figure 16, it is a block diagram of describing the illustrative embodiment of the sinusoidal wave receiver 250 of multi-frequency.This accompanying drawing and related description content are the receptions about one in the many carrier waves that use in the multi-frequency system.Actual system will have the some persons in these receivers of working together so that use this modulation technique to transmit mass data on different frequency.

Preamplifier 252 amplifies the signal that imports into and loses (insertion loss) with the insertion of compensating band bandpass filter 254.Band pass filter 254 trap signals are to reduce to be with outer the interference.Post amplifier 256 amplifies the signal that filters and loses with the insertion of compensating band bandpass filter 254, and signal level is elevated to balanced mixer 258 needed level.

The signal that double balanced mixer 258 will import into mixes with the output of local oscillator, thus produce two kinds of signals and with poor.Local oscillator can be formed by zero crossing detector 260, and described zero crossing detector 260 produces output when the signal spans of importing into zero volt level.Zero crossing detector 260 is used for producing the reference that is used to serve as the carrier regeneration device 262 of local oscillator and produces the phase-locked loop 264 of data clock.The carrier regeneration device obtains the output of zero crossing detector, and produces the local oscillator output that has with signal same frequency that imports into and phase place.The high frequency clock that the data that retrieve of output place of comparator 268 are carried out timing is used the output of zero crossing detectors 260 to produce to be used in phase-locked loop 264.

Low pass filter 266 is removed and frequency component from the output of blender 258, thereby stays the difference component of the absolute phase difference between the reference signal of representing input signal and leaving local oscillator.Comparator 268 will compare with the reference of fixing from the difference signal of blender 258, thereby produces output when input signal is higher than reference signal.Exist between output indication input and the local oscillator to differ, thereby indication existence value is the data bit of " ".

The clock alignment square frame 270 that is under the control of microcontroller 272 comes the aligned data clock by variable delay circuit.By using data bit to be present in existing knowledge where in the phase place of signal, this circuit filters out not the data clock pulse with the known valid data bit alignment that comes from comparator.Described data clock is input in the multi-stage shift register 274, and described multi-stage shift register 274 is as the collection storehouse of the data bit of importing from the output clock of comparator 268.Microcontroller 272 is to monitor the also pre-programmed means of the operation of controlling receiver.Microcontroller 272 will be stored in received data passes in the shift register and go out and pass to other zone.

Microcontroller 272 also detects the position of " going out the position ", and it is detected as being reported by the incident that the system that discloses as this paper uses.

Although described the present invention with reference to one exemplary embodiment, be understood by those skilled in the art that, can make various changes to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention, and the alternative element of the present invention of equipollent.

Claims

1. one kind is used to produce the method for sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data, and described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nIn one first value at place and one second value one, described method comprises:

Produce the waveform with an amplitude Y who is defined by one first function at the phase angle place, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described first function is Y=sin θ;

Produce the waveform with an amplitude Y who is defined by described first function at the phase angle place, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of described first value; With

Produce waveform with an amplitude Y who defines by one second function at the phase angle place, described phase angle be positioned at have one with each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of described second value, and described second function is different from Y=sin θ.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber be variable.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described waveform.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described waveform be dynamically changeable.

5. method according to claim 1, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nEach value all be variable.

6. method according to claim 1, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

7. method according to claim 1, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

8. one kind is used to produce the method for sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data, and described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nIn one first value at place and one second value one, described method comprises:

Produce waveform with an amplitude Y who defines by one second function at the phase angle place, described phase angle be positioned at have one with each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of described second value, and described second function is Y=sin θ _nWith Y=sin θ _{(n+ Δ θ)}In one.

9. method according to claim 8, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber be variable.

10. method according to claim 8, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described waveform.

11. method according to claim 8, wherein Xuan Ding phase angle theta _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described waveform be dynamically changeable.

12. method according to claim 8, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nAt least one value be variable.

13. method according to claim 8, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

14. method according to claim 8, wherein said selected phase angle theta _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

15. one kind is used to produce the method that each all has a different frequency and contains a plurality of sinusoidal waveforms substantially of encoded numerical data, described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nIn one first value at place and one second value one, described method comprises:

Produce the waveform that each all has an amplitude Y who is defined by one first function at the phase angle place, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described first function is Y=sin θ;

Produce the waveform that each all has an amplitude Y who is defined by described first function at the phase angle place, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of described first value; With

Produce the waveform that each all has an amplitude Y who is defined by one second function at the phase angle place, described phase angle be positioned at have one with each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of described second value, and described second function is different from Y=sin θ.

16. method according to claim 15, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber be variable.

17. method according to claim 15, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described each waveform.

18. method according to claim 15, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described each waveform be dynamically changeable.

19. method according to claim 15, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

20. method according to claim 15, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

21. one kind is used to produce the method that each all has a different frequency and contains a plurality of sinusoidal waveforms substantially of encoded numerical data, described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nOne first value and one at place

In second value one, described method comprises:

Produce the waveform that each all has an amplitude Y who is defined by one second function at the phase angle place, described phase angle be positioned at have one with each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of described second value, and described second function is Y=sin θ _nWith Y=sin θ _{(n+ Δ θ)}In one.

22. method according to claim 21, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber be variable.

23. method according to claim 21, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described each waveform.

24. method according to claim 21, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described each waveform be dynamically changeable.

25. method according to claim 21, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

26. method according to claim 21, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

27. one kind is used for from the method for sinusoidal waveforms decoded information substantially, described sinusoidal waveforms substantially contains selected phase angle theta _nThe encoded numerical data at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of first value, and described waveform has an amplitude Y who is defined by a function that is different from Y=sin θ at the phase angle place, and described phase angle is positioned at and has one and each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of second value, and described method comprises:

Reception contains the described sinusoidal waveforms of encoded numerical data;

Produce one with reference to sinusoidal waveforms from the described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data, described have a constant phase relationship with reference to sinusoidal waveforms and the described sinusoidal waveforms that contains encoded numerical data;

Mix in a balanced mixer with the described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data with reference to sinusoidal waveforms described; With

From described balanced mixer, extract described encoded numerical data.

28. one kind is used for from the method for sinusoidal waveforms decoded information substantially, described sinusoidal waveforms substantially contains selected phase angle theta _nThe encoded numerical data at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of first value, and described waveform has an amplitude Y who is defined by a function that is different from Y=sin θ at the phase angle place, and described phase angle is positioned at and has one and each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of second value, and described method comprises:

To contain the described sinusoidal waveforms digitlization of encoded numerical data;

Produce a digital reference sinusoidal waveforms, described digital reference sinusoidal waveforms has a constant phase relationship with the described sinusoidal waveforms that contains encoded numerical data; With

Carry out the inverse fast Fourier transform Digital Signal Processing to described with reference to sinusoidal waveforms and the described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data.

29. one kind is used for the communication system of communicating by letter at a communication medium, it comprises:

One first stop, it comprises:

One encoder, it is used for generation and contains selected phase angle theta _nAt least one of the encoded numerical data at place be sinusoidal waveforms substantially, and described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of first value, and described waveform has an amplitude Y who is defined by a function that is different from Y=sin θ at the phase angle place, and described phase angle is positioned at and has one and each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of second value; With

One reflector, it is used for containing by the emission of described media described at least one sinusoidal waveforms substantially of encoded numerical data;

One second station, it is coupled to described first stop by described communication medium, and comprises:

One receiver, it is used for receiving described at least one sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data from described first stop by described media; With

One decoder, its be used for from contain encoded numerical data described at least one substantially sinusoidal waveforms extract described numerical data.

30. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are electrical wiring systems.

31. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are telephone systems.

32. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are distribution systems.

33. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are coaxial cables.

34. communication system according to claim 33, wherein said communication medium are cable television systems.

35. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are land wireless channels.

36. communication system according to claim 35, wherein said communication medium are radio-frequency channels.

37. communication system according to claim 35, wherein said communication medium are television channels.

38. communication system according to claim 29, wherein said communication medium are microwave links.

39. according to the described communication system of claim 38, wherein said first stop is an earth station, and described second station is extraterrestrial.

40. according to the described communication system of claim 39, wherein said second stands on the spacecraft.

41. according to the described communication system of claim 39, wherein said second station is a satellite.

42. communication system according to claim 29, it further comprises:

One the 3rd station, it is coupled to described second station by described communication medium, and comprises:

One receiver, it is used for receiving the described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data by described media; With

One decoder, it is used for extracting described numerical data from the described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data;

And wherein said second station further comprises a reflector, and its described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that is used for will containing by described media described encoded numerical data is transmitted into described the 3rd station.

43. communication system according to claim 29, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber be variable.

44. communication system according to claim 29, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the receiving equipment of described each waveform.

45. communication system according to claim 29, the wherein selected phase angle theta of each waveform _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the receiving equipment of described each waveform be dynamically changeable.

46. communication system according to claim 29, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

47. communication system according to claim 29, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

48. one kind is used for the communication system of communicating by letter at a communication medium, it comprises:

One first stop;

One second station, it is coupled to described first stop by described communication medium;

Each comprises wherein said first and second stations:

One encoder, it is used for generation and contains selected phase angle theta _nAt least one of the encoded numerical data at place be sinusoidal waveforms substantially, and described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described waveform has one at the amplitude Y=sin at phase angle place θ, and described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of first value, and described waveform has an amplitude Y who is defined by a function that is different from Y=sin θ at the phase angle place, and described phase angle is positioned at and has one and each phase angle theta _nThe intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of second value;

One receiver, it is used for receiving described at least one sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data by described media; With

49. according to the described communication system of claim 48, wherein said communication medium is an electrical wiring system.

50. according to the described communication system of claim 48, wherein said communication medium is a telephone system.

51. according to the described communication system of claim 49, wherein said communication medium is a distribution system.

52. according to the described communication system of claim 48, wherein said communication medium is a coaxial cable.

53. according to the described communication system of claim 52, wherein said communication medium is a cable television system.

54. according to the described communication system of claim 48, wherein said communication medium is a land wireless channel.

55. according to the described communication system of claim 54, wherein said communication medium is a radio-frequency channel.

56. according to the described communication system of claim 54, wherein said communication medium is a television channel.

57. according to the described communication system of claim 54, wherein said communication medium is a microwave link.

58. according to the described communication system of claim 48, wherein said first stop is an earth station, and described second station is extraterrestrial.

59. according to the described communication system of claim 58, wherein said second stands on the spacecraft.

60. according to the described communication system of claim 58, wherein said second station is a satellite.

61. according to the described communication system of claim 48, it further comprises:

And wherein said second station further comprises a reflector, and its described sinusoidal waveforms substantially that is used for will containing by described media encoded numerical data is transmitted into described the 3rd station.

62. according to the described communication system of claim 48, the selected phase angle theta of each waveform wherein _nNumber be variable.

63. according to the described communication system of claim 48, the selected phase angle theta of each waveform wherein _nNumber in response to being dynamically changeable from a communication period of feedback that receives the receiving equipment of described each waveform.

64. according to the described communication system of claim 48, the selected phase angle theta of each waveform wherein _nNumber in response to a communication period of negotiation that receives the receiving equipment of described each waveform be dynamically changeable.

65. according to the described communication system of claim 48, the described selected phase angle theta at least one of wherein said waveform _nAt least one value during a time interval through changing to discern an incident.

66. according to the described communication system of claim 48, the value of at least one of the described selected phase angle at least one of wherein said waveform during a time interval through changing with the additional data bit of encoding.

67. be used to produce the equipment of sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data, described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nIn one first value at place and one second value one, described equipment comprises:

Be used for producing at the phase angle place member of the waveform with an amplitude Y who is defined by one first function, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe region exterior of the range delta θ at place, described first function is Y=sin θ;

Be used for producing at the phase angle place member of the waveform with an amplitude Y who is defined by described first function, described phase angle is positioned at and has at the beginning in each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of range delta θ at place wherein has coding the data of described first value; With

Be used for producing the member of waveform with an amplitude Y who defines by one second function at the phase angle place, described phase angle be positioned at have one with each phase angle theta _nThe described intra-zone of related range delta θ wherein has coding the data of described second value, and described second function is different from Y=sin θ.

68. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprises and is used to change selected phase angle theta _nThe member of number.

69. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprises and is used in response to dynamically changing selected phase angle theta from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described waveform _nThe member of described number.

70. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprises and is used in response to dynamically changing selected phase angle theta with a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described waveform _nThe member of number.

71. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprises and is used to change described selected phase angle theta _nEach the member of value.

72. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprised and be used for changing described selected phase angle theta during a time interval _nAt least one value to discern the member of an incident.

73. according to the described equipment of claim 67, it further comprised and be used for changing described selected phase angle theta during a time interval _nAt least one value with the member of the additional bits of encoding.

74. be used to produce the equipment of sinusoidal waveforms substantially that contains encoded numerical data, described encoded numerical data has selected phase angle theta _nIn one first value at place and one second value one, described equipment comprises:

75. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprises and is used to change selected phase angle theta _nThe member of number.

76. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprises and is used in response to dynamically changing selected phase angle theta from a communication period of feedback that receives the equipment of described waveform _nThe member of number.

77. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprises and is used in response to dynamically changing selected phase angle theta with a communication period of negotiation that receives the equipment of described waveform _nThe member of number.

78. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprises and is used to change described selected phase angle theta _nEach the member of value.

79. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprised and be used for changing described selected phase angle theta during a time interval _nAt least one value to discern the member of an incident.

80. according to the described equipment of claim 74, it further comprised and be used for changing described selected phase angle theta during a time interval _nAt least one value with the member of the additional data bit of encoding.