CN1936505A - 测角装置 - Google Patents

测角装置 Download PDF

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CN1936505A
CN1936505A CNA2006101517646A CN200610151764A CN1936505A CN 1936505 A CN1936505 A CN 1936505A CN A2006101517646 A CNA2006101517646 A CN A2006101517646A CN 200610151764 A CN200610151764 A CN 200610151764A CN 1936505 A CN1936505 A CN 1936505A
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measuring equipment
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F·佩雷特
L·萨拉尼亚克
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/489—Digital circuits therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • G01D5/2454—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals
    • G01D5/2455—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals with incremental and absolute tracks on the same encoder
    • G01D5/2457—Incremental encoders having reference marks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/3473—Circular or rotary encoders

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

测角装置(1)，包括：布置有规则的信号发生元件(3)和至少一个不规则的信号发生元件(4)的转动装置(2)，以及至少一个用于获取信号的传感器(5)，其中不规则元件(4)的跨距是规则元件(3)的跨距的两倍。

Description

测角装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测角装置，包括在周向布置有信号发生元件的转动装置，以及至少一个用于获取信号的传感器。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知这种类型的测角装置。这些(测角装置)用于获取尤其是内燃机的曲轴和凸轮轴的角向位置和转速。在这种情况下，可将转动装置构造成带有磁化弹性体的多极编码器或构造成齿轮。在转动装置被构造成齿轮的情况下，齿轮的轮齿和齿间隙用作信号发生元件，在所有情况下一个轮齿和一个齿间隙都组合成一个单元。这样的齿轮通常包括58个轮齿和齿间隙，它们位于齿轮的周边上，(相邻的轮齿或相邻的齿间隙)相互之间间隔6°。在某一点处，通过省去两个轮齿并将三个相邻的齿间隙组合在一起，即形成一参考点，该参考点通常对应于内燃机气缸的上死点。
转动装置的沿用已久的几何形状产生具有57个大小为6°的规则间隔和一个大小为18°的不规则间隔的信号。该不规则的奇点允许产生一18°的电间隔，用作发动机控制装置的参考位置。脉冲轮的规则部分每6°产生一个脉冲，被发动机控制装置用来确定速度和轴的位置。这种***的缺点在于，在转动装置的不规则位置速度信息丢失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种角度和速度的测量装置，使得在测量装置的整个周边都能确定角速度。
通过权利要求1和11的特征来达到这一目的。在从属权利要求中提到了有利的改进。
为达到该目的，不规则元件的跨距(extension)是规则元件跨距的两倍。这种简单的几何形状使得发动机控制装置只需进行简单的译码分析。传感器可容易地检测到不规则元件的双倍跨距，从而可确定转动装置的位置。此外，由于不规则元件的双倍跨距，可以对以相同间隔分配的信号进行分析。例如，发动机控制装置使用处于规则或不规则元件的跨距的信号来确定角速度。因此，可在整个周边连续进行速度测量而不丢失信息。
规则元件可具有6°的跨距而不规则元件可具有12°的跨距。6°的跨距使得能够完成高分辨率的测量，由此可使用简单的传感器。
可分别为每个元件分配两个电信号边沿。由此为每个元件分配一个上升边沿和一个下降边沿。发动机控制装置分析分别采集到的边沿是上升边沿还是下降边沿，并决定是否将分别采集到的边沿用于确定速度或角度。因此不规则元件的电信号边沿可具有6°的跨距。
转动装置可由齿轮构成。这里，齿轮可作为冲压件、烧结件或深拉件形成，并可承受较大的外界影响。
元件可由齿轮的轮齿来形成。可通过光学测量方法或电磁测量方法来探测识别轮齿和齿间隙。在采用电磁测量方法的情况下，齿轮构成无源编码器，它(发出的信号)由无源式或有源式的传感器来记录。无源传感器具有电感式测量原理，有源传感器可由霍尔传感器结构形成。
轮齿可具有顶部和底部，由此在不规则元件的顶部和底部之间可设置一台阶部。设置台阶部的结果是宽度较小的底部以及通过传感器测得的更陡峭的信号。因此，可更精确地检测到底部的中心位置。
可将台阶部设置在齿高的一半处。这一改进易产生便于测量的信号。
台阶部可具有朝向底部逐渐增大的斜率。令人惊讶的是该改进再次提高了信号的质量。可更精确地检测到底部的中心位置。
可对不规则元件分配内燃机的TDC标识。在这种情况下，TDC标识优选地设在底部中心。
该目的还可通过一种用于测量包括在测角装置中的转动装置的角速度的方法来实现，该方法包括以下步骤：通过传感器检测以6°间隔布置的各个边沿，同时进行时间测量以获得角速度。由此可在整个周边连续进行速度测量而不丢失信息。
附图说明
下面将通过附图更详细地解释一些示例性实施例，在附图中(在所有情况下都是示意性的)：
图1示出根据本发明的测角装置；
图2详细示出不规则元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的测角装置1，它包括形成为齿轮10的转动装置2。齿轮10在其周边布置有信号发生元件3、4，信号发生元件3、4由齿轮10的轮齿11形成。通过可形成为电感传感器或霍尔传感器的传感器5获取信号。在其它实施例中，也可采用光学测量方法。与其它的信号发生元件3相比，一个元件4是不规则地形成的，其中不规则元件4的跨距是规则元件3的跨距的两倍。在该实施例中，规则元件3具有6°的跨距而不规则元件4具有12°的跨距。不规则元件4形成一参考点16，它被设置为(对应)内燃机的上死点。轮齿11具有顶部12和底部13。在不规则元件4的顶部12和底部13之间设有一台阶部14。台阶部14设在齿高的一半处。
在其它实施例中，不规则元件4的底部13的位置是变化的。不规则元件的底部13的最低位置(的半径)等于R1，而其最高位置(的半径)等于R1+(0.5×(R2-R1))。台阶部14的位置在R1和R2之间。
用于测量包括在测角装置1中的转动装置2的角速度的方法包括以下步骤：通过传感器5检测以6°间隔布置的各个元件3、4，同时进行时间测量以获得角速度。
图2详细示出了根据图1的不规则元件4。信号发生元件3、4由齿轮10的轮齿11形成。轮齿11具有顶部12和底部13。在不规则元件4的顶部12和底部13之间设有台阶部14。台阶部14设在齿高的一半处。在该实施例中，台阶部14具有朝向底部13增大的斜率。台阶部14的倾斜角α等于20°。为每个元件3、4分别分配两个电信号边沿6、7、8、9。将下降的电边沿6、8分配给顶部12，将上升的边沿分配给底部13。不规则元件4的电信号边沿8、9具有6°的跨距。

Claims (11)

1.测角装置(1)，包括：布置有规则的信号发生元件(3)和至少一个不规则的信号发生元件(4)的转动装置(2)，以及至少一个用于获取信号的传感器(5)，其特征在于，不规则元件(4)的跨距是规则元件(3)的跨距的两倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述规则元件(3)具有6°的跨距，所述不规则元件(4)具有12°的跨距。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的测角装置，其特征在于，每个所述元件(3，4)分别分配有两个电信号边沿(6，7，8，9)。
4.如权利要求3所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述不规则元件(4)的电信号边沿(8，9)具有6°的跨距。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述转动装置(2)由齿轮(10)形成。
6.如权利要求5所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述元件(3，4)由齿轮(10)的轮齿(11)形成。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述轮齿(11)具有顶部(12)和底部(13)，其中在不规则元件(4)的顶部(12)和底部(13)之间设有台阶部(14)。
8.如权利要求7所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述台阶部(14)设在齿高的一半处。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述台阶部(14)具有朝向底部(13)增大的斜率。
10.如权利要求1至9所述的测角装置，其特征在于，所述不规则元件(4)设置有内燃机的TDC标识。
11.用于测量包括在如权利要求1至10所述的测角装置(1)中的转动装置(2)的角速度的方法，包括以下步骤：通过传感器(5)检测以6°间隔布置的各个边沿(6，8)，同时进行时间测量以获得角速度。
CN200610151764A 2005-09-20 2006-09-08 测角装置 Active CN100575883C (zh)

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EP05020441A EP1764488B1 (en) 2005-09-20 2005-09-20 Angle measuring device
EP05020441.1 2005-09-20

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CN106574849A (zh) * 2014-08-01 2017-04-19 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 复合材料标记波
CN106574849B (zh) * 2014-08-01 2019-10-18 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 复合材料标记波
CN109373852A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2019-02-22 华中科技大学 一种测量往复压缩机活塞行程的装置、方法及其应用
CN109373852B (zh) * 2018-08-31 2020-08-04 华中科技大学 一种测量往复压缩机活塞行程的装置、方法及其应用

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EP1764488A1 (en) 2007-03-21
US20070068015A1 (en) 2007-03-29

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