CN1935962A

CN1935962A - Method for extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process

Info

Publication number: CN1935962A
Application number: CN 200610096925
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许时婴; 王璋; 杨瑞金; 陈晶; 袁搏
Original assignee: Jiangnan University
Current assignee: Jiangnan University
Priority date: 2006-10-18
Filing date: 2006-10-18
Publication date: 2007-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 2026-10-18
Also published as: CN100513541C

Abstract

The invention relates to aqueous enzymatic extraction of flax-seed oil. It uses degumming flax-seed as material, processes smashing, enzymolysis, and centrifuging to gain flax-seed oil. It is processed enzymolysis by alkali protease and compound cellulose enzyme to increase free oil yield which has higher quality, easy fining, higher nutritive value and functional performance. Compared with the traditional expression and solvent extraction method, it has the advantages of simple device, safe operation, litter pollution, low energy consumption etc.

Description

A kind of method of extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process

Technical field

A kind of method of extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process belongs to the technical field of aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process.

Background technology

Along with the raising of living standards of the people, functional, nutrient edible oil there has been further requirement.Linseed oil more and more is subject to the people's attention with its high nutritive value and good functional characteristics.The output of linseed oil in the world ten big oil crops has occupied the 7th.In its annual production of China is about 400,000 tons, occupies the 4th in the world, has become the important vegetable oil material of China.

Unsaturated fatty acids reaches more than 80% in the linseed oil, oleic acid 13%～29%, linolic acid 15%～30%, linolenic acid 40%～60%, wherein alpha-linolenic acid content is high, and alpha-linolenic acid is the lipid acid of needed by human, and its energy metabolism generates EPA and DHA, EPA is the precursor of triolefin prostaglandin(PG) in the body, and DHA is the main component of neurocyte membrane phospholipids such as brain, retina.Alpha-linolenic acid can not only improve nervous function, and learning and memory and behavioral activity are had promoter action, regulates immunologic function in addition, reduces and prevent the generation and the development of multiple disease.It can also blood fat reducing, blood pressure and cholesterol; Have antithrombotic, antitumous effect, energy vision protection, raising intelligence; Anaphylaxis and inflammation there is the inhibition effect, effect such as have the immunity regulated, protection cranial nerve function, delay senility.Therefore, linseed oil has important physical function and high nutritive value.

At present, the method for extracting linseed oil both at home and abroad is mainly milling process, solvent extraction method and CO ₂Supercritical extraction etc.The milling process yield is low, labour intensity is big, cost is high, power consumption is big.And the organic solvent extracting taking equipment is many, the investment is big, the crude oil complicated component, needs strict refining treatment, the use of organic solvent increased technology loaded down with trivial details property, reduced the security of producing, caused environmental pollution, micro-organic solvent residual is arranged in the processed oil.CO ₂The supercritical extraction cost is higher, is unfavorable for scale operation.In addition, new oil extracting methods-aqua method that people explore, though can overcome above shortcoming, but because mechanical shear stress that oil plant is applied and insufficient pressure with thorough destruction plant cell wall, are difficult to those and albumen, the compact grease of polysaccharide is separated, and cause oil yield not high, and part oil and protein bound make very easily oxidative rancidity of product.Grease in the vegetable oil material is present in the cell walls of oil plant, and combine existence with other macromole (protein and carbohydrate) usually, constitute complex bodys such as lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharides, have only cellularstructure and grease compounded body to destroy, could take out grease wherein oil plant.

The aqueous enzymatic method cardinal principle is on the basis of Mechanical Crushing, adopts to oil grain cell tissue and to the enzyme (as cellulase, hemicellulase, polygalacturonase, amylase, dextranase, proteolytic enzyme etc.) that complex bodys such as lipopolysaccharides, lipoprotein have a Degradation and handles oil plant.The destruction of enzyme pair cell wall, and, can increase the flowability of oil in the oil plant tissue to the Decomposition of lipopolysaccharides, lipoprotein, thus improve oil yield.Therefore, adopt aqueous enzymatic method that higher free oil yield is not only arranged, and can obtain the residual high-quality oil of organic solvent-free.

External many scholars have been widely used in this technology the oil of carrying of multiple oilseed in laboratory scope.But, yet there are no relevant report for extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process.

Summary of the invention

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process.On the basis of determining aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process route, technology is optimized, to obtain higher free oil yield and high-quality linseed oil.

Technical scheme of the present invention: degummed flax seeds is after dry milling, successively carry out enzyme digestion reaction with Sumizyme MP and complex cellulase, enzyme digestion reaction finishes the back and carries out centrifugal to enzymatic hydrolysis system, centrifugal free oil, milk sap, hydrolyzed solution and the slag of obtaining, milk sap obtains free oil through the recentrifuge separation, and the free oil that merges gained is a linseed oil.Concrete technology is:

1) dry milling

Dry milling promptly destroys the histocyte of degummed flax seeds raw material, and available portable medicinal herb grinder with respect to wet pulverization, does not have the adding of water can avoid forming in the shattering process stable milk sap.

2) enzymolysis process

With the degummed flax seeds of pulverizing and the mixed of water with mass ratio 1: 4～5, add the Sumizyme MP of degummed flax seeds quality 1.0%～1.5%, at pH9.0,60 ℃ of temperature, stirring enzymolysis 3～5 hours; Be cooled to 50 ℃ again, regulate pH to 5.0, add the complex cellulase of raw materials quality 1.0%～1.5%, stirred enzymolysis 3～5 hours.

Raw material and water are the suitableeest linseed oil concentration of substrate with 1: 4～5 mixed, when the linseed oil concentration of substrate was low, the free oil extraction efficiency was lower, owing to concentration of substrate and enzyme concn in the enzyme reaction this moment system are all lower, influence enzyme reaction rate, thereby influenced oily extraction yield.When solid-liquid ratio increases, all corresponding raising of concentration of substrate and enzyme concn, speed of response is accelerated, and the free oil yield increases to some extent.But solid-liquid ratio is too high, and the slurry viscosity increases, and the system flowability is relatively poor, has influenced the effect of enzyme and substrate.

Single enzyme is limited to improving the effect of free oil yield, because plant cell wall is to be skeleton with the Mierocrystalline cellulose, and with macromole be combined intos such as hemicellulose, pectin and protein, single cellulase can't make cell walls entirely collapse, the adding of proteolytic enzyme makes protein degradation become small molecules, helps greasy disengaging.

3) centrifugal

Enzymolysis solution directly carries out centrifugal, and enzymolysis solution is directly centrifugal, separates to obtain free oil, milk sap, hydrolyzed solution and slag, and milk sap obtains free oil through the recentrifuge separation, and the free oil that merges gained is a linseed oil.

Analytical procedure

The mensuration of fat: Soxhlet extraction process (GB5009.6-85);

Protein measuring: Kjeldahl determination (GB5009.5-85);

The mensuration of ash content: muffle furnace calcination ashing method (GB5009.64-85);

The mensuration of moisture: atmosphere pressure desiccation (GB5009.3-85);

Coarse-fibred mensuration: acidic cleaning method;

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process is compared advantage and is mainly reflected in aspects such as economy, environment and safety and sanitation with traditional technology.Have following advantage:

1) equipment is simple, and operational safety is polluted few;

2) free oil extraction yield height, technology is simple, is fit to scale operation;

3) operational condition gentleness can at utmost keep the nutritive substance in the raw material and the fine quality of product, and the oil that obtains has higher quality, and non-oil ingredient is of high nutritive value, and can be recycled;

4) organic solvent-free is residual, need not reclaim and complicated refining treatment organic solvent, has improved the security and the economy of technology;

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Degummed flax seeds is carried out dry milling with portable medicinal herb grinder, linseed oil and water after pulverizing are mixed with 1: 5 ratio, regulating pH is 9.0, temperature is 60 ℃, adds the Sumizyme MP of raw materials quality 1.5%, and enzymolysis is after 5 hours, regulating pH is 5.0, is cooled to 50 ℃, adds the complex cellulase of raw materials quality 1.5%, enzymolysis is 5 hours again, obtain free oil after centrifugal, the milk sap recentrifuge with obtaining obtains total free oil, calculate the free oil yield, can reach 82.26%.

Embodiment 2

Degummed flax seeds is carried out dry milling with portable medicinal herb grinder, linseed oil and water after pulverizing are mixed with 1: 5 ratio, regulating pH is 9.0, temperature is 60 ℃, adds the Sumizyme MP of raw materials quality 1.0%, and enzymolysis is after 3 hours, regulating pH is 5.0, is cooled to 50 ℃, adds the complex cellulase of raw materials quality 1.0%, enzymolysis is 3 hours again, obtain free oil after centrifugal, the milk sap recentrifuge with obtaining obtains total free oil, calculate the free oil yield, can reach 74.42%.

Embodiment 3

Degummed flax seeds is carried out dry milling with portable medicinal herb grinder, linseed oil and water after pulverizing are mixed with 1: 4 ratio, regulating pH is 9.0, temperature is 60 ℃, adds the Sumizyme MP of raw materials quality 1.0%, and enzymolysis is after 5 hours, regulating pH is 5.0, is cooled to 50 ℃, adds the complex cellulase of raw materials quality 1.5%, enzymolysis is 3 hours again, obtain free oil after centrifugal, the milk sap recentrifuge with obtaining obtains total free oil, calculate the free oil yield, can reach 80.20%.

Claims

1. the method for an extracting linseed oil by water-enzyme process is characterized in that with the degummed flax seeds being raw material, and through fragmentation, enzymolysis, the centrifugal linseed oil that obtains, technology is:

A) break process: degummed flax seeds is with portable medicinal herb grinder dry milling, disorganize cell;

B) enzymolysis: with the degummed flax seeds of fragmentation and the water mixed with mass ratio 1: 4-5, add the Sumizyme MP of degummed flax seeds quality 1.0%～1.5%, at pH 9.0,60 ℃ of temperature stirred enzymolysis 3～5 hours; Be cooled to 50 ℃ again, regulate pH to 5.0, add the complex cellulase of degummed flax seeds quality 1.0%～1.5%, stirred enzymolysis 3～5 hours;

C) centrifugal: enzymolysis solution is directly centrifugal, separates to obtain free oil, milk sap, hydrolyzed solution and slag, and milk sap obtains free oil through the recentrifuge separation, and the free oil that merges gained is a linseed oil.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that used Sumizyme MP is Alcalase.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that used complex cellulase is the ViscoZyme L of NOVO company.