CN1930919B

CN1930919B - Flat heating element

Info

Publication number: CN1930919B
Application number: CN2005800074606A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 米夏埃尔·魏斯; 西莫内·克勒; 彼得·特雷梅尔
Original assignee: WET Automotive Systems AG
Current assignee: WET Automotive Systems AG
Priority date: 2004-03-08
Filing date: 2005-03-04
Publication date: 2013-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 2025-03-04
Also published as: CN1930919A; CN101600271B; DE202004003677U1; CN101600271A; CN101610612B; CN101610612A

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating element (20), in particular for heating user contact surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one heating area (100) wherein at least one electric conductor strand (1), which is used to heat, is arranged, at least one additional conductor strand (2) which is used to feed electric energy into at least one conductor strand (1) which is used to heat the heating area (100), at least one contact area (200) wherein the conductor strand (2), which is used to feed electric energy, is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the at least one conductor strand (1) which is used to heat the heating area (100). According to the invention, at least one additional conductor (3) which forms at least one part of an electrically bridging line which bridges the failure point on a failure point during local failures of at least one of the conductor strands (1, 2), is provided.

Description

Flat heating element

The present invention relates to a kind of flat heating element, be particularly useful for the heating of the face that contacts with the user in the passenger accommodation of motor vehicle, it has: at least one thermal treatment zone is provided with the electrical conductor cable that at least one is used for heating in this thermal treatment zone; At least another conductor cable is used for described at least one conductor cable of this thermal treatment zone is heated in the electric energy feed-in; A contacting zone, in this contacting zone, the conductor cable that is used for the feed-in electric energy is connected conductively with described at least one conductor cable that is used for this thermal treatment zone of heating.

Background technology

Disclose the flat heating element with two or more contact conductors, these contact conductors connect conductively by a plurality of heaters each other.These heaters and/or contact conductor for example can by copper or by other conductor material suitable, that have enough conductivity form and can be in case of necessity by the exterior insulation shielding and/or strengthen.But the conductor that is comprised of copper at least in part only can bear limited mechanical load, consequently can occur the damage that is caused by fatigue of materials and/or Materials Fracture after the use of long duration.This mainly is the undercapacity of the anti-alternating bending of copper product.The fracture of contact conductor and/or heater can appear in this heating element.Form opening circuit of feed at fracture location in the case.Heating element no longer can not worked in the zone of current flowing at least again.

Disclosed by DE4101290, a plurality of heaters are connected with a plurality of conductor contact points that contact, left redundancy in the situation with the indivedual conductors against damage of box lunch.But have some such applicable cases, the described heating element of the document is always firm not and reliable therein.

Disclose, silver-plated to conductor made of copper, prevent corrosion to protect it.If but hole is not silver-plated hermetically, then copper also can be etched.Silver is along with the time will be diffused in the copper in addition.Formed thus a boundary layer of being done by the Ag-Cu alloy, it is highly brittle.Breaking of this boundary layer formed initial crack, and this is dangerous to conductor equally.

In order to eliminate this problem, can use so-called armoury wire, wherein electric conductor is provided with steel core, and it has the copper jacket layer.The armoury wire that the skin done by platinum and a kind of core that contains the precious metal material work form is disclosed by DE 3832342C1.This core can determine such as flexible, anti-disconnected and tensile strength and anti-reversed bending strength according to some standards, and is outer then can be optimised on required electrical property.

A kind of armoury wire that the core of being done by stainless steel wire reaches the jacket layer of being done by copper that has is disclosed by DE19638372A1.The armoury wire that a kind of jacket layer is formed from steel and core is made of copper or selectively makes has conversely been described in DE 10206336A1 at last.

The major defect of these known combinations of materials is, armoury wire has relatively high cost and limited corrosion resistance only.Although copper is outer for most of application scenarios conduction current well enough, can not be corrosion-resistant well enough for some application.

Disclose a kind of heater by JP 2001-217058, wherein a plurality of carbon fibers are wrapped up by a bellows.But this structure is not very anti-fracture.

Some definition

Main terms in this specification below will be described:

One " cable " is a microscler body (Strang), and its length dimension is considerably beyond its cross sectional dimensions.Two dimensions of preferred its cross section have roughly the same size.Preferred this body is flexible resilience, but be in one solid-state in.

Here (filamentartig) be interpreted as for " thread ": the object of being called like this is by a short fiber or long fibre consists of or be made of monofilament or multifilament threads.

" conductor cable " is a kind of cable (Leiterstrang), extending one, the electric conductor of a plurality of perhaps multifibres shapes in this cable, and be preferred basically along the longitudinal extension of this cable.A conductor cable itself can be made of a plurality of conductor cables.

One " jacket layer " is a layer (Mantelschicht), and it is wrapped in a cable directly or indirectly at least in part, but is not necessarily for being wrapped in the outermost layer of cable.

" plastics " be any synthetic, in nature non-existent material, especially polymer and material such as the carbon fiber of being derived by its.

" heat-resisting " means, related material its shape and intensity is maximum changes unimportantly in daily variations in temperature, and this material keeps chemically stable and keeps and states of matter identical in the standard environment condition.

" chemically torpescence " expression is inertia, that is, the object of being called like this under the effect of corrosive substance was not also changed, and does not change under the material effect as sweat, carbonic acid or tartaric acid so at least.

" metallization " is interpreted as arranging metal coating, for example by electroplating or sputter.

" seat surface " is the large-area zone line of the supporting surface at a seat (Sitzspiegel), and it is determined for the buttocks that supports the user.

" backrest " is the large-area zone line of the supporting surface at a seat, and it is determined for the back of supporting the user.

" seat sidepiece " be normally supporting surface, that leave seat surface and common more outstanding vertical lateral areas section (Sitzwangen), and it is determined for lateral support user when the negotiation of bends especially.Here both represented for this concept that the seat surface next door is used for supporting the sidepiece of thigh, also represented the sidepiece that is used for supporting user's shoulder on the backrest.

Be interpreted as for " other type ", two objects are realizing that for technical functionality being is mutually different aspect the important and/or basic characteristic at least.Refer in particular to all features of electrical conductor cable, they relate to load capacity basically, working life, and material is selected, combination of materials, shape of cross section-structure and cross sectional dimensions, introducing and contacting in the heating element.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to, a kind of heating element is provided, it has enough lasting load capacity, corrosion resistance and can advantageously be made by cost.

The technical scheme of claim 1,2 and 3 provides three effectively to guarantee possibility to this task.

The technical scheme of claim 1 especially can be protected for the inefficacy of single conductor.The conductor that the technical scheme of claim 2 is relatively traditional has the mechanical load ability of raising.The technical scheme of claim 3 is turn-offed single heating element when dangerous.

The technical scheme of claim 9 has additional insurance by the replacement configuration of an extra conductor.

According to claim 10, heating element described extra conductor and added a contacting form that conforms with purpose between heating fabric/heater, fault secure and load-bearing capacity that it can obtain adding with the feature of claim 11.

According to claim 12, heating element have enough contact-making surfaces at the conductor cable that is used for heating and for a plurality of distributing points between the conductor cable of the electric current of feeding on the one hand, being installed in of an extra conductor consists of a network in this zone on the other hand, and this network is the electric current between the simply bypass mesh when single conductor break.

In heating element according to claim 13, make that to come the contacting extra conductor to become by power lead unnecessary, the installation of heating element is simplified significantly.

According to claim 14,, 15 or 16 heating element has especially firmly conductor cable.

According to claim 17,, 22 and 24 heating element has a plurality of very thin uniconductors, and they have a large surface area and a low resistance together, although the major part of the cross section of this cable is comprised of non-conductive (plastics) material.

The characteristics of the heating element of claim 18 are to have high load capacity in low material cost situation.The feature of claim 19,20 and 21 makes the conductor cable of heating element have additional corrosion resistance.

According to claim 23, heating element can realize the insurance function of adding and the simple installation of heating element.

According to claim 25, heating element have such conductor cable, although they have a plurality of single-cables, can consist of compact structure and have low heat and transmit resistance.

According to claim 26, heating element have the conductor for the respective electrical function optimization.

According to claim 27, heating element can be installed simply, because be used for feeding electric energy and/or be used for the conductor cable of heating and/or the conductor cable of extra conductor can for example be pre-formed as strip material or continuous part and for example only need to be pressed again simply.

The advantage that according to claim 28, heating element have is, the safeguard measure that does not need to take to take a lot of trouble on the border between a seat surface and the seat sidepiece is come be used to making conductor cable pass borderline region (so-called ditch transition).Even here heating element further add the pin that the conductor cable that is used for heating man-hour also will run into sewing, for example select to have guaranteed the power supply of seat sidepiece by the material of extra conductor or conductor cable.

According to claim 32, heating element can turn-off especially reliably, because open circuit-and conductor cable 4 can early lose efficacy than conductor cable to be protected 1,2 reliably.

Other favourable configuration of the present invention can be by obtaining in claims and the following description to accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Preferred embodiment according to flat heating element of the present invention below will be described.Accompanying drawing represents:

Fig. 1: the vertical view of a flat heating element,

Fig. 2: according to the summary enlarged drawing of fracture location local A among Fig. 1, an electrode that is consisted of by litzendraht wire,

Fig. 3: the amplification plan view of the part in a contacting zone,

Fig. 4: the cross-sectional view of the amplification of an electrical conductor cable,

Fig. 5: the zoomed-in view of the integral wire harness of a conductor cable,

Fig. 6: an alternative of Fig. 1 form of implementation,

Fig. 7: the vertical view of another form of implementation.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 represents an electrical heating elements 20, and it has a face carrier 8, pair of electrodes 30, and this is spaced apart from each other to electrode and is located at each other to reach on the carrier almost parallel and interconnects by a plurality of heaters 40 on a plurality of contactings zone 200.Heater 40 roughly is arranged in parallel with each other on the carrier 8 and is electrically connected in parallel.These electrodes 30 are connected with a power supply 70 by electrical connecting wire 50 itself.Heater 40 is made of some conductor cables 1 that are used for this heating element of heating, and preferably the plastic wire by carbonization forms.Electrode 30 is made of some conductor cables 2 that are used for electric energy feed-in heating element 20, and preferably the twisted wire by copper forms.

Electric current is flow in a plurality of heaters 40 by connecting wire 6 and a described electrode 30 by power supply at work.The heat of these heaters makes heating region 100 heating.Electric current is back to again power supply by another electrode 30 and connection wire 6 therefrom again.At this, when operating voltage is 12V the current strength of heating current for example 4 and 5A between.

A zoomed-in view of the intersection region of expression electrode 30 and some heaters 40 among Fig. 2.It expresses a breaking portion of some conductor cables 2 of electrode 30.Lead rupture part shown in Fig. 2 will cause the partial failure of the outage part of flat heating element 20.

For fear of this situation, extra conductor 3 mutually is electrically connected these end section 36,37 of an electrode 30 and with electrode 30 spacing is arranged in addition in the form of implementation of Fig. 1, in order to be not subject to identical load.

Fig. 3 represents a form of implementation of heating element, and wherein extra conductor 3 replaces parallel with the conductor cable 2 of electrode 30 and extends in circuitously in the contacting zone 200.Here, extra conductor 3 exceeds some orders of magnitude than the fastness of the conductor cable 2 that is used for the feed-in electric energy.If all conductor cables 2 lost efficacy, extra conductor 3 is still remained valid owing to its higher mechanical load ability.Then the cross-over connection section 42 that consists of between it through a plurality of a little 33 feed-ins of feeding of the conductor cable of these before fracture location 2 is to extra conductor 3 for electric current, and these cross-over connection sections are made of the short section of heater 40.Electric current flows in the extra conductor 3 therefrom.Be assigned to again on the part that is disconnected by breaking portion of the cross-over connection section 42 that is positioned at the fracture location back and conductor cable 2 striding across the fracture location after-current.

In this form of implementation, extra conductor 3 can be combined in contact electrode by the manufacture method that is used for so far contact electrode 30.For this reason, the preferred uninsulated twisted wire of these conductor cable 2-so far of contact electrode 30-one or morely when it is made, replaced by the conductor cable 3a of extra conductor 3.

The layout of the meander-shaped of each conductor cable 3a of extra conductor help extra conductor its vertically on the raising of load capacity during tension stress.

No matter be that electrode 30 or heater 40 and extra conductor 3 have the conductor cable 1,2,3 that is provided with plastic core and gold-silver coating or nickel wire, as supplementary protection.At this, these heaters are provided with the noble coatings thinner than electrode conductor for its resistance of corresponding raising.

Fig. 4 represents a cross section according to electrical conductor cable 10 of the present invention, and this conductor cable has a core of being done by plastics and reaches a jacket of being made by noble metal.

Electric conductor 10 comprises one by a kind of flexible, anti-fracture and heat-resisting plastics, especially thermoplastic plastics, the thread interior cable 12 especially made by polyamide, and the very anti-fracture of polyamide, tension are disconnected and heat-resisting.The core 12 of wire is wrapped in by a jacket 14 of being made by nickel, gold, silver or gold-silver alloy, and it especially can be applied with by plating mode.Jacket 14 is the thus very anti-alternating bendings on a long run duration that reach that ductility is arranged very much.Core 12 be very anti-fracture and can bear the alternating bending load so that electric conductor 10 has desirable mechanical property and extraordinary electrical characteristics, such as the applicable electric heating conductor etc. of doing.

Core diameter can be at about 0.01mm and approximately between the 1rmm, and is about 0.02 to 3mm for jacket 14 suitable diameters.It is also conceivable that, the cross-sectional area of interior cable 12 and jacket layer 14 has the ratio between 1: 4 and 10: 1, the cross-sectional area that preferred interior cable 12 and jacket layer 14 have same size.

Depend on the needs, the cross-sectional area of core 12 can be greater than or less than the cross-sectional area of overcoat 14.In a conductor 10 that stands strong especially mechanical load, reasonably for example can for: core diameter is more selected, in order to get rid of reliably fracture or the damage of conductor 10 or metal-coating 14.

The single-cable 16 of a plurality of electrical conductor cable 10 forms corresponding to Fig. 4 can be in a beneficial way, as illustrated in fig. 5, is reversed into a wire harness 17 or one and twists thread.For example can be twisted a line by 30 to 50 single-cables 16, can be twisted again a total wire harness 19 by a plurality of such lines.Can consist of thus a conductor cable with a plurality of single-cables, it can be sewed without any problems.If this conductor cable is passed by a pin, only be that some single silks are damaged, and can the impact of being worth mentioning do not arranged to the general function of total wire harness of conductor cable or electrical characteristics or mechanical property.In addition, can not cause mechanical breaking by the fixing of a sewing thread, because this line is very anti-fracture.

Can an additional insulating barrier or bond layer (not shown) be set around jacket layer 14 in case of necessity, this layer preferably is comprised of plastics.

Electrical conductor cable 10 or the total wire harness 19 that is made of a plurality of twisted electrical conductor cables 10 are fit to consist of electrical heating elements, are particularly useful for being installed in motor vehicle seat or the steering wheel.At this, it can be set up as electrode and/or as heater.

Also can consider, extra conductor 3 is combined in the electrode 3 and preferably is insulated between the end section 36,37 of contact electrode 3 at least and/or be spaced.

Especially can consider, these conductor cables 2 that the band that extra conductor 3 is configured to conduct electricity reaches for the electric energy of feeding are fixed thereon.This band for example can be the braid that is comprised of electrical conductor cable, metallic film, metalized fibers net (as copper-plated, zinc-plated), knotwork and/or knitted fabric.It should have the following sheet resistance of 5m Ω/.Conductor cable 2 for example can be sewn or be sewed up.

Can consider in addition, these end section of at least one contact electrode 3 connect by an electric extra conductor 3 each other in an electrically conductively.

Fig. 6 represents to have the heating element 20 of a carrier 8, is provided with the heater 40 that basically covers heating region 100 fully thereon.This heater 40 is made of a conductor cable 1, total wire harness 17 of preferably being comprised of a plurality of uniconductor cables.On each of two end, each is connected heater 40 wire 50 with one and forms the conduction connection in a contact zone 200, preferably be retracted.In this embodiment, connect wire 50 identical with conductor cable 2 and the connection wire 6 of the electric energy that is used for feeding.In this embodiment, electric current is by connecting an end of wire 50 feed-in heaters 40; It flows through the whole length of this heater 40 and heats thus this thermal treatment zone 100; Then the telegram in reply source 200 is led through connecting wires 50 again in the contact zone in its other end by heater 40.

Fig. 7 represent one to Fig. 1 in similar heating element basically.Here on a face carrier 8, also be provided with pair of electrodes 30 phase mutual spacing ground and almost parallel.They are connected to each other by a plurality of heaters 40 on contacting zone 200.But be not provided with the extra conductor 3 for cross-over electrode 30 here.Replace it be extend in electrode 30 next doors each one open circuit-conductor cable 4.This opens circuit-and conductor cable can reach circuitously with electrode 3 and extend on the same face side of carrier 8.But, it also can be preferably straight line as among this embodiment and being positioned on the face side opposite with electrode of being arranged in face carrier 8.It is being connected with electrode 30 conductions on a contact site 55 on the one end thereof.It is being connected with a power supply 70 by a connection wire 50 on a connecting portion 57 on its other end.In principle each heating element with one open circuit-conductor cable 4 is just much of that.But each of two electrodes 30 is provided with oneself opens circuit-conductor cable 4 in the present embodiment.

Open circuit-conductor cable 4 reaches by its anti-mechanism energy force rate electrode 30 of autotelic material/cross sectional configuration little by its straight line on the one hand.If electrode is subject to excessive mechanical load at work now, then be arranged on opening circuit in the same mechanical load zone-conductor cable 4 early more disconnected than electrode 30.When open circuit-conductor cable 4 is damaged or when having disconnected, by open circuit-series circuit of conductor cable 4 and electrode 30 makes heating element 20 reduce ground or fully no longer is heated.Can get rid of in this way the formation that electrode disconnects burn point on the position.

To open circuit-conductor cable 4 additionally or alternatively, another can be set open circuit-conductor cable 4 '.It is not heated electric current and flows through in the present embodiment.It only is along at least one electrode 30, in this embodiment along two arrangement of electrodes.Their end is connected on the monitoring device 80.Can consider in addition, open circuit-add a temperature sensor 90 in the galvanic circle of conductor cable 4 '.The resistance of the resistance of this temperature sensor and opening circuit-conductor cable 4 ' is preferably not identical on the order of magnitude each other.For example the characteristic curve as the NTC (negative temperature coefficient unit) of temperature sensor use will remain unchanged thus.

At work, monitoring device 80 is monitored the temperature of heating element and is suitably regulated the electric current that passes through heating element 20 by temperature sensor 90.If open circuit-and conductor cable 4 ' damages by the excess load of machinery or disconnects, and then monitoring device 80 will be recorded to and open circuit-rising of the galvanic circle resistance of conductor cable 4 ', and this resistance increases along with the increase of damaged condition.It is inferred and opens circuit-damage of conductor cable 4 ' and/or temperature sensor thus.In both cases, monitoring device 80 all will make heating element turn-off fully.

Conform with the destination, open circuit-conductor cable 4,4 ' can have a plurality of cables.If single cable fails, this will cause opening circuit-the increasing of the resistance of conductor cable 4,4 '.This can detect by a monitoring device 80 equally.Can provide thus a precaution alarm.In addition, heating element itself side by side is supplied to a magnitude of current that reduce, not too critical.

Importantly, open circuit-conductor cable 4,4 ' insulate with electrode on a section to be monitored at least reliably.Otherwise the short circuit meeting between the two makes the position of a damage again by cross-over connection.

The reference number table

1 is used for conductor cable 14 jacket layer of heating

2 conductor cable 16 single-cables for the electric energy of feeding

3 extra conductor, 17 cable bundles

Conductor cable 19 total wire harness of 3a extra conductor

4, a 4 ' conductor cable 20 electrical heating elements that open circuit

Edge 30 electrodes of 5 thermals treatment zone

6 connect wire 36,37 end section

8 carriers, 40 heaters

10 electrical conductor cables, 42 cross-over connection sections

12 interior cables 50 connect wire

70 power supplys, 55 contacts site

80 monitoring devices, 57 connecting portions

90 temperature sensors, 100 thermals treatment zone

200 contactings zone

Claims

1. a flat heating element (20), has at least one single-cable (16), this single-cable (16) has at least one thread interior cable (12) and at least one wraps up the jacket layer (14) of cable (12) in this at least in part, it is characterized in that: jacket layer (14) is conducted electricity, become by silver and/or copper at least in part, and this jacket layer (14) is surperficial coated, described interior cable (12) is made of plastics at least in part, a plurality of single-cables (16) form an electrical conductor cable (10) together

Described flat heating element (20) is arranged for the heating of the face that contacts with the user in the passenger accommodation of motor vehicle, and it is provided with:

-at least one thermal treatment zone (100) is provided with the conductor cable (1) that at least one is used for heating in this thermal treatment zone;

-at least one other conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy is for described at least one conductor cable (1) for heating that the electric energy feed-in is heated this thermal treatment zone (100);

-one contacting zone (200), in this contacting zone, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy is connected conductively with described at least one conductor cable (1) that is used for heating that is used for this thermal treatment zone of heating (100), and

-at least one extra conductor (3), described at least one extra conductor (3) replaces parallel with described conductor cable for the feed-in electric energy (2) and extends in circuitously in the contacting zone (200), when these were used for the conductor cable (1) that heats and at least one partial failure of the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy, described at least one extra conductor (3) consisted of at least a portion of the electric cross-over connection wire of this failure site of cross-over connection a failure site.

2. according to claim 1 flat heating element (20), it is characterized in that: be provided with the conductor cable (2) that at least one electrically heated thermal treatment zone (100) and at least one are used for the conductor cable (1) of heating or are used for the feed-in electric energy, should be used for conductor cable heating or that be used for the feed-in electric energy and be arranged for and be arranged at least in part the zone that is subjected to mechanical load; And heating element (20) has at least one and opens circuit-conductor cable (4,4 '), its mechanical stability ratio is used for the little of the conductor cable (1) that heats or the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy, and its inefficacy causes the shutoff of heating element (20).

3. according to claim 2 flat heating element (20), it is characterized in that: described mechanical stability is tensile strength and/or anti-reversed bending strength.

4. according to one flat heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: this heating element (20) has a plurality of for conductor cable heating and/or that be used for the feed-in electric energy, described a plurality ofly in fact and circuitously arrange each other for conductor cable heating and/or that be used for the feed-in electric energy, their at least one different from one and self type in contacting zone (200) are used for conductor cable electrical connection heating or that be used for the feed-in electric energy with extending in parallel.

5. according to claim 4 flat heating element is characterized in that: the edge (5) of (100) extends and is electrically connected with described at least one conductor cable (1) that is used for heating there one or more described conductor cables for the feed-in electric energy (2) along the thermal treatment zone on section ground at least.

6. one flat heating element in 3 according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this heating element (20) has a plurality of conductor cables (1) for heating; Described conductor cable (1) for heating is disposed in a thermal treatment zone (100) with repeatedly changing direction; Two ends of described conductor cable (1) for heating each in the end of a position and other conductor cable (1) by bunchy combine and the utmost point respectively being connected wire (50) with a power lead (6) and/or one is connected.

7. according to claim 6 flat heating element, it is characterized in that: described conductor cable (1) for heating is less than 6.

8. according to claim 6 flat heating element, it is characterized in that: described conductor cable (1) for heating is less than 3.

9. according to claim 6 flat heating element, it is characterized in that: described conductor cable (1) for heating only is 1.

10. one flat heating element (20) in 3 according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) is in fact along described conductor cable (1) for heating or be used for a layout of the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy; It and the contacting that powers at least two positions that are spaced apart from each other for the conductor cable (1,2) that heats/feed electric energy.

11. flat heating element according to claim 10 (20) is characterized in that: described extra conductor (3) has at least one conductor cable (3a).

12. flat heating element according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the edge (5) of (100) extends and is electrically connected with at least two heaters (1) there along the thermal treatment zone on section ground at least for described extra conductor (3) or conductor cable (3a).

13. flat heating element according to claim 11 is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) or conductor cable (3a) at least section ground, reach to be parallel to for the conductor cable (1) of heating or the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and arrange circuitously.

14. flat heating element according to claim 11 is characterized in that: extra conductor (3) or conductor cable (3a) and a plurality of conductor cables (1) for heating and at least one of conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy are electrically connected.

15. flat heating element according to claim 14 is characterized in that: described being connected electrically in the contacting zone (200) carried out.

16. flat heating element according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: be used for heating conductor cable (1) at least a portion and extra conductor (3) at least a portion and/or contact for the part of the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy, in order to consist of a plurality of distributing points (33), electric current can be used for by the conductor cable (2) that is used for feed and/or extra conductor (3) feed-in the conductor cable (1) of heating on these distributing points.

17. flat heating element according to claim 16 is characterized in that: described contacted mode is for intersecting.

18. flat heating element according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: in order to consist of a plurality of cross-over connection sections (42), when a conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy disconnected, electric current can be imported this extra conductor (3) and lead back again this for the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy after disconnecting the position by these cross-over connection sections by described conductor cable for the feed-in electric energy (2) before disconnecting the position.

19. flat heating element according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: in order to consist of a plurality of cross-over connection sections (42), lead back again this for the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy after being imported this extra conductor (3) before electric current can disconnect the position by these cross-over connection sections when a conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy disconnects by described conductor cable for the feed-in electric energy (2) and disconnecting the position.

20. flat heating element according to claim 10 is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) only is connected with a power supply (70).

21. flat heating element according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) only is connected with power supply (70) by the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating and at least one that is used in the conductor cable (1,2) of feed-in electric energy.

22. flat heating element according to claim 20 is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) and a power lead (6) and/or a plurality of to be connected wire (50) spaced apart.

23. flat heating element according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the described single-cable (16) that is used for the conductor cable (3a) of the conductor cable (1) of heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) has at least one thread interior cable (12) and at least one wraps up the jacket layer (14) of the conduction of this interior cable (12) at least in part.

24. flat heating element according to claim 11 is characterized in that: at least one of conductor cable (3a) that is used for the conductor cable (1) of heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) has the carbon fiber of nickel plating or is comprised of nickel alloy or pure nickel.

25. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: described thread interior cable (12) is the multifilament cable.

26. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: cable (12) has a kind of material at least one, and this material can be heat-resisting at least 75 ℃.

27. flat heating element according to claim 26 is characterized in that: this material can be heat-resisting to 150 ℃.

28. flat heating element according to claim 26 is characterized in that: this material can be heat-resisting to 300 ℃.

29. flat heating element according to claim 26 is characterized in that: this material can be heat-resisting to 500 ℃.

30. flat heating element according to claim 26 is characterized in that: this material can be heat-resisting to 1000 ℃.

31. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) can be metallized; Jacket layer (14) is connected in locking manner with interior cable (12) material.

32. flat heating element according to claim 31 is characterized in that: jacket layer (14) is applied on the interior cable (12) with electroplating.

33. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: the material of interior cable (12) can be spinned or be drawn as silk or metal wire, for having the silk less than the thickness of 100 μ m.

34. flat heating element according to claim 33 is characterized in that: this thickness is less than 10 μ m.

35. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: the thickness of jacket layer (14) is between 0.2 and 2 μ m.

36. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: the thickness of single-cable (16) is less than 1mm.

37. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) is made by a kind of plastics by share ground at least.

38. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) is made by plastics flexible and that tension is disconnected.

39. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) is comprised of polyamide, carbon fiber, polypropylene, polyester, polyimides and/or glass fibre by share ground at least.

40. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) is comprised of steel by share ground at least, has the higher intensity of anti-alternating bending.

41. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: interior cable (12) has tension or the compression strength less than the material of jacket layer (14).

42. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: jacket layer (14) has a chemically inactive surface under common environmental condition.

43. flat heating element according to claim 42 is characterized in that: described surface is the surface outside internally cable points to mutually.

44. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: jacket layer is made by the nickel with phosphorus share, silver, copper or gold by share ground at least.

45. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: jacket layer is made by the alloy that is made of silver, copper, gold or nickel fully.

46. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: the metallic surface of jacket layer (14) can be passivated, oxidized or chromic acid passivation.

47. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: 0 face coat of jacket layer (14), use plastics and/or lacquer and/or use polyurethanes, PVC, PTFE, PFA and/or polyester coatings by share ground at least.

48. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: the number of described single-cable (16) is more than 5.

49. flat heating element according to claim 48, it is characterized in that: a plurality of single-cables (16) are section ground electrically insulated from one another at least, and mode is insulated by the insulating barrier (18) on its jacket layer (14) at least in part at least one single-cable (16).

50. flat heating element according to claim 48 is characterized in that: single-cable (16) at least section ground by a kind of heat-activatable adhesives jacket.

51. flat heating element according to claim 48 is characterized in that: a plurality of single-cables (16) are combined into a cable bundles (17); And a plurality of cable bundles (17) are combined into again a total bundle (19), and wherein, conductor cable (10) and/or at least one single-cable (16) have the spirality space to be arranged, by stranded, twisted or twisting bunchy each other.

52. 1 flat heating element according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the bundle of described conductor cable (10), a cable bundles (17), a plurality of cable bundles (17) and/or the diameter of described total bundle (19) limit by a restraint device; Heat transmission between cable/Shu Yuqi surrounding environment is changed thus.

53. 2 flat heating element according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: this restraint device has the auxiliary cables that a spirality is twined this conductor cable (10) or cable bundles (17) or total bundle (19), this auxiliary cables made by electric conducting material by share ground at least and/or in auxiliary cables the gap ratio auxiliary cables between two adjacent threaded line diameter mostly doubly.

54. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: be used for the conductor cable (1) of heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) conductor cable (3a) at least one or resistance that single-cable (16) has 0 and 3 Ω/m between.

55. to one of 3 flat heating element, it is characterized in that according to claim 1: at least one be used for resistance that the conductor cable (1) of this heating element of heating (20) has 0.1 and 3 Ω/m between.

56. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: at least one of the conductor cable (3a) of electrical conductor cable (10), the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) can be formed on knitted fabric or braid.

57. flat heating element according to claim 23, it is characterized in that: at least one of the conductor cable (3a) of conductor cable (10), the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) is arranged on the near surface of the seat sidepiece of an automobile seats at least in part, wherein, this conductor cable (10) is used for heating.

58. the flat heating element according to above claim 2, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-and at least one of conductor cable (4,4 ') be at least partially disposed on equally with the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating and be used for the identical zone that is subjected to mechanical load of the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy.

59. flat heating element according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') at least in part, at least roughly follows for the conductor cable (1) of heating and is used for the setting of the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy with moving towards.

60. flat heating element according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the ratio conductivity of open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') and/or absolute conductivity are at least with the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating be used for conductor cable (2) the same high of feed-in electric energy.

61. 0 flat heating element according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the ratio conductivity of open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') and/or absolute conductivity are the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating and the twice that is used for the conductor cable (2) of feed-in electric energy.

62. 0 flat heating element according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the ratio conductivity of open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') and/or absolute conductivity are four times high of the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating and the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy.

63. flat heating element according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-at least one section ground conductor cable (2) electric insulation of relatively being used for the conductor cable (1) of heating and being used for the feed-in electric energy at least of conductor cable (4,4 ').

64. 3 flat heating element according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') at least one at least the section ground conductor cable (2) that relatively is used for the conductor cable (1) of heating and is used for the feed-in electric energy spacing is arranged be arranged on the mutual relative face side of a layered vector (8).

65. flat heating element according to claim 2 is characterized in that: these open circuit-and at least one of conductor cable (4) in series be electrically connected with described conductor cable (1) for heating and the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy.

66. flat heating element according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-and at least one of conductor cable (4 ') monitored by a monitoring device (80), when this open circuit-when conductor cable lost efficacy, monitoring device turn-offed heating element (20).

67. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: at least one of the conductor cable (3a) of electrical conductor cable (10), the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) is arranged on the fabric and is fixed on fabric by an additional sewing or litzendraht wire.

68. flat heating element according to claim 23 is characterized in that: at least one of the conductor cable (3a) of electrical conductor cable (10), the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3) is sewn to fabric as sewing thread.

69. flat heating element according to claim 23, it is characterized in that: at least one and at least one adhering fabric of the conductor cable (3a) of electrical conductor cable (10), the conductor cable (1) that is used for heating, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy and described extra conductor (3), or be bonded between two tissue layer.