CN1918270A - 用于蜗轮的高效聚亚烷基二醇润滑剂 - Google Patents

用于蜗轮的高效聚亚烷基二醇润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN1918270A
CN1918270A CNA2005800046076A CN200580004607A CN1918270A CN 1918270 A CN1918270 A CN 1918270A CN A2005800046076 A CNA2005800046076 A CN A2005800046076A CN 200580004607 A CN200580004607 A CN 200580004607A CN 1918270 A CN1918270 A CN 1918270A
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詹姆斯·T·卡雷
大卫·K·普伦德加斯特
凯文·J·布兹迪贡
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Abstract

一种包含特定的防锈剂和抗氧化剂、基于聚亚烷基二醇的润滑剂组合物，其具有较低的操作温度，特别适用于蜗杆传动的齿轮箱。所述防锈剂由N－酰肌氨酸和咪唑组成，而所述抗氧化剂由烷基化二苯胺和受阻酚组成。

Description

用于蜗轮的高效聚亚烷基二醇润滑剂
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)润滑剂，特别涉及用于蜗轮传动的齿轮箱和其它需要改进效率和降低工作温度的机械装置的改进的食品级润滑剂。
背景技术
众所周知，可商购到的润滑剂组合物是由天然或合成基础油或基础油混合物，以及根据其预期应用与各种添加剂和溶剂共同制备而成。例如，已发现聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)流体用作齿轮箱润滑剂的基础油，因为它们与矿物润滑油相比在高温下具有更好的氧化稳定性。尽管聚亚烷基二醇具有氧化稳定性，但基于这些流体的润滑组合物用各种添加剂配制，例如抗氧化剂、缓蚀剂等，从而为润滑组合物提供增强的性能。
为了满足甚至更苛刻的要求，配制润滑组合物是相当复杂的，因为在各种使用的添加剂间会发生可能的相互作用。事实上，经验表明润滑剂组合物中加入一种添加剂会对该组合物中另一种添加剂产生不良的影响。例如，润滑剂中抗磨损添加剂的存在与没有抗磨损添加剂的润滑剂相比，其氧化稳定性通常会降低。因为随着温度增加，油的氧化降解也会随之增加，因此需要一种在使用条件下具有低油温的润滑组合物。
因此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种在使用条件下具有低油温的润滑组合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种用于蜗轮的基于高效聚亚烷基二醇的油组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供食品级润滑剂，即由U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE或National Sanitary Foundation(NSF)批准的组合物构成的润滑剂组合物。
发明概述
依照本发明的一种实施方式，润滑剂组合物包含：较多量的聚亚烷基二醇基础油，和
(a)较少量的防锈组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(i)如下式的N-酰肌氨酸
其中R为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；和
(ii)如下式的咪唑
Figure A20058000460700062
其中R1为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；R2为含约1～约6个碳原子的羟基烷基；和
(b)较少量的抗氧化剂组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(iii)如下式的烷基化二苯胺
Figure A20058000460700063
其中R3和R4分别为含约2～约20个碳原子的烷基；和
(iv)如下式的受阻酚
其中R5和R6分别为含约3～9个碳原子的烷基，x为1～约4的整数，y为约1～约4的整数。
一种优选的润滑剂组合物包含有效量的苯基硫代磷酸酯抗磨损添加剂和甲苯基***金属钝化剂。
通过下面的详述，本发明的其它方面和实施方式将变得显而易见。
附图简要说明
附图示出了在使用商购的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)油以及本发明的润滑油组合物操作的齿轮箱内，槽中油温度随时间的变化图。
发明详述
本发明的组合物包含较多量的润滑粘性聚亚烷基二醇流体。适合的聚亚烷基二醇流体为环氧烷烃的共聚物。特别适合的是环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物。
通常使用的流体在40℃时的运动粘度范围为约50cSt～约3000cSt，当然这取决于最终组合物的预期用途。例如，用于齿轮箱的流体在40℃时的优选运动粘度范围为约135～约1100cSt。
单一的聚亚烷基二醇流体或两种或多种聚亚烷基二醇流体的混合物可以用作本发明的基础油，以获得所需的粘度。
该组合物还包含较少量的防锈组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(i)如下式的N-酰肌氨酸
Figure A20058000460700081
其中R为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；和
(ii)如下式的咪唑
Figure A20058000460700082
其中R1为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；R2为含约1～约6个碳原子的羟基烷基。
在本发明的实践中，优选的(i)∶(ii)的重量比范围为3∶1～1∶3，更优选的为1∶1。而且，优选地R1为含约12～约20个碳原子的烯基，特别地含18个碳原子；R2为含2个碳原子的羟基烷基。
本发明的润滑组合物还包括较少量的抗氧化剂组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(iii)如下式的烷基化二苯胺
Figure A20058000460700083
其中R3和R4分别为含约2～约20个碳原子的烷基；和
(iv)如下式的受阻酚
Figure A20058000460700091
其中R5和R6分别为含约3～9个碳原子的烷基，x为1～约4的整数，y为约1～约4的整数。
优选的(iii)∶(iv)的重量比范围为3∶1～1∶3，更优选的为1∶1。此外，优选的R3和R4为含4～8个碳原子的烷基；R5和R6为叔丁基，x为2，y为2～4，特别为3。
如下面描述，润滑剂添加剂可增加包含它的组合物的操作温度。因此，在操作温度需特别重要的情况下，例如齿轮箱内，特别优选本发明的组合物中含低于约1.0wt.％(例如约0.40wt.％～0.80wt.％)的防锈组合物和低于约2.0wt.％(例如约0.50wt.％～约1.50wt.％)的抗氧化剂组合物，所有实例中的wt.％均基于组合物的总重量。
优选本发明的润滑组合物还包含有效量的苯基硫代磷酸酯抗磨损添加剂和甲苯基***金属钝化剂。
苯基硫代磷酸酯抗磨损添加剂如下式所示：
Figure A20058000460700092
其中R7为H或含1～约8个碳原子的烷基。优选地，R7为H。通常，基于润滑组合物的总重量，抗磨损添加剂的含量范围为约0.1wt.％～约1.0wt.％。
金属钝化剂如下式所示：
其中R8为含约2～约20个碳原子的支链烷基，优选为
Figure A20058000460700102
通常，基于润滑组合物的总重量，金属钝化剂的含量范围为约0.01～约0.50wt.％。
也可使用其它的添加剂，例如着色剂、消泡剂、分散剂等。
本发明的组合物特别适用于齿轮箱，但也可用于其它优选使用不含金属的润滑剂的机械装置，其实例包括螺杆式和往复式压缩机、叶轮泵、涡轮支承轴等。
也可理解，本发明的组合物中基础流体和添加剂的使用量满足USDA和NSF设定的标准，因此可被认为是食品等润滑剂，其可适用于至少偶尔可能会与人消费的食品接触的部位。
本发明将通过下面的实施例进一步描述，其中所有的wt.％含量都是基于润滑组合物的总重量。
用于下述实施例的试验装置为具有1.75英寸中心线距离和20∶1减速比的蜗轮传动的齿轮箱。该装置在100％额定负载下操作。在多个小时的测试中检测输入功率和扭矩，以及输出功率和扭矩。
实施例1
如上所述的试验装置用聚亚烷基二醇流体进行运行，该流体由抗磨损剂、金属钝化剂和消泡剂(基础润滑剂)配制而成，平衡后测量油的油槽温度。每隔一定时间，向油中添加四次(每次添加0.5wt.％)分别包含等重量份的购自Ciba of Norwich，CT的Sarkosyl-O和Amine-O、N-酰肌氨酸和胺的混合物的防锈剂，直至总共添加到2.0wt.％。每次添加平衡时测量油槽温度。结果如表1所示。
                  表1
  组分   浓度，wt.％   温度，
  基础润滑剂防锈剂防锈剂防锈剂防锈剂   0.000.501.001.502.00   161.9162.5163.3163.4164.1
可以看出，添加剂量的增加导致温度增加。
实施例2
同实施例1的过程，除了在本实施例中，添加了四次(每次添加1.0wt.％)分别包含等重量份的购自Ciba of Norwich，CT的IrganoxL57、烷基化二苯胺和Irganox L109、烷基化苯酚组成的混合物。结果如表2所示。
表2
  组分   浓度，wt.％   温度，
  基础润滑剂抗氧化剂抗氧化剂抗氧化剂抗氧化剂   0.001.002.003.004.00   161.9162.6163.1163.5164.6
可以看出，添加剂量的增加导致温度增加。
实施例3
使用试验装置测试两种润滑剂组合物。测试的每种组合物都含有如上所述的聚亚烷基二醇基础油。在组合物A(依照本发明)中，基础油为含93wt.％的Dow Synalox 40-D3001和5wt.％的Dow Synalox40-D700的混合物，两者均购自Dow Chemical Company，Houston，TX。组合物A的配方如表3中所示。
表3
  组分   配方   含量，wt.％
  聚亚烷基二醇   基础流体   98.00
  烷基化二苯胺   抗氧化剂   0.50
  受阻酚   抗氧化剂   0.50
  N-酰肌氨酸   防锈剂   0.15
  咪唑   防锈剂   0.25
  苯基硫代磷酸酯   抗磨损添加剂   0.50
  甲苯基***   金属钝化剂   0.10
  硅酮(1％)   消泡剂   0.002
组合物B为商购的基于聚亚烷基二醇的润滑剂。
测试结果(一式两份进行)如附图中的图表所示。可以看出，在平衡后，本发明的组合物(组合物A)与商购的润滑剂(组合物B)的相应温度(162)相比，具有较低的油槽操作温度(158)。

Claims (7)

1.一种润滑剂组合物，包含：
较多量的基础油，其由聚亚烷基二醇流体或者聚亚烷基二醇流体的混合物组成；和
(a)较少量的防锈组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(i)如下式的N-酰肌氨酸
其中R为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；和
(ii)如下式的咪唑
其中R1为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；R2为含约1～约6个碳原子的羟基烷基；和
(b)较少量的抗氧化剂组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(iii)如下式的烷基化二苯胺
其中R3和R4分别为含约2～约20个碳原子的烷基；和
(iv)如下式的受阻酚
其中R5和R6分别为含约3～9个碳原子的烷基，x为1～约4的整数，y为约1～约4的整数。
2.权利要求1的组合物，其中的聚亚烷基二醇在40℃时的粘度范围为约50～约3000cSt。
3.权利要求2的组合物，其中(i)∶(ii)的重量比范围为3∶1～1∶3。
4.权利要求3和4的组合物，其中的基础油为聚亚烷基二醇流体的混合物。
5.权利要求3的组合物，其中(iii)∶(iv)的重量比范围为3∶1～1∶3。
6.一种适用于齿轮箱的润滑剂组合物，包含：
较多量的基础油，其由聚亚烷基二醇流体或者聚亚烷基二醇流体的混合物组成；和基于组合物的总重量：
(a)0.1～1.0wt.％的防锈组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(i)如下式的N-酰肌氨酸
其中R为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；和
(ii)如下式的咪唑
Figure A2005800046070004C1
其中R1为含约10～约30个碳原子的烷基或烯基；R2为含约1～约6个碳原子的羟基烷基；和
(b)0.1～2.0wt.％的抗氧化剂组合物，其由如下物质组成：
(iii)如下式的烷基化二苯胺
其中R3和R4分别为含约2～约20个碳原子的烷基；和
(iv)如下式的受阻酚
Figure A2005800046070004C3
其中R5和R6分别为含约3～9个碳原子的烷基，x为1～约4的整数，y为约1～约4的整数。
7.权利要求5的组合物，包含有效量的苯酚硫代磷酸酯抗磨损添加剂和甲苯基***金属钝化剂。
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