CN1910528A - 多区域以及多级hvac***的控制装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于控制多区域HVAC***的控制装置,其中加热或冷却设备可在多级下操作,在确定适当的级时考虑一段时间内***的需求量。尤其是,***需求量的时间积分与当前的***需求量一起用来确定适当的级。以这种方式,解决了允许各个区域内所期望的设定值和实际温度之间长期的、较小的差异的现有技术中的缺点。
Description
背景技术
本申请涉及用于加热、通风和空调(HVAC)***的控制装置,其中所述控制装置接受来自若干区域的需求并确定在给定的需求条件下若干容量级的哪一级是适当的。尤其是,本发明的控制装置更好地满足了需求,因为在确定是否改变所述级时它考虑了一段时间内需求的存在。
HVAC控制装置变得越来越复杂。基本的HVAC控制装置可用来接受请求的温度并将请求的温度或设定值与实际温度进行比较。差异被称为需求量。控制装置接着控制加热或冷却设备以满足需求。
更复杂的***具有若干个区域,其中各区域可具有独立的需求。作为一例,楼宇内的若干房间各自可具有使用户能为该特定区域选择所期望的温度的设定值控制装置。各区域可具有传感器以感测实际温度。所期望的温度或设定值与实际温度之间的差异被称为区域需求量。来自若干区域的需求量被发送至控制装置,并且所述控制装置评价如何满足那些若干需求量。
现代HVAC***的另一个特征是加热或冷却设备具有若干可用容量级。为了确保最有效的运行,控制装置往往以可充分满足需求的最低级来操作加热或冷却设备。当需求量增加时,那么级也将增加。级的实例可以是装配有若干可选的加热元件的取暖炉,或者是可在若干不同容量模式下运行的空调***。
在现有技术中,用于确定推荐级的控制装置检查被称为***需求量的变量。在这个现有技术的控制装置中,***需求量取自整个***的各个区域需求量并利用特定公式进行计算。通过级控制算法来考虑***需求量,所述的级控制算法基于***需求量来选择所期望的级。级控制算法采用***需求量并用某一乘数乘以该***需求量。这个乘法的输出结果为请求的级数。因此,在***需求量增加时,所指示的级也将增加。
这种已知的控制装置非常适合于低负荷运行,并且是以较低级运行。然而,已知的控制装置具有允许“固定偏差”的潜在问题。当***不能完全满足需求时,发生固定偏差,但是在设定值的一度或两度范围内。尤其是利用已知的控制装置以较高级运行时,几度的差异根本不足以使移到下一更高级运行。因此,***可能在未曾完全满足需求的情况下运行了很长一段时间。最好能提供更好地适合于实际满足需求的级控制算法。
一种简单的HVAC***务必包括用于确定推荐级的控制装置,所述推荐级不仅注意当前的需求量而且注意一段时间内需求量的存在或需求量的积分。然而,这种控制装置已经不再与多区域HVAC***相关联。相反地,公知的控制装置只提供单区域***中的控制。
发明内容
在本发明公开的实施例中,用于确定分级需求量的级控制算法包括表示一段时间内需求量的量。用数学表示,在级控制算法中考虑需求量的积分。
在一个实施例中,分级需求量由级控制算法来确定,所述级控制算法是用一个乘数乘以***需求量并取***需求量在某一时间段的累积总和以及用另一个乘数乘以该总和。利用这个级控制算法,固定偏差问题被避免,因为在一段时间内存在的需求量提供了充分的加权以此将分级需求量移至更高级。
来自现有技术的控制装置的、被本发明修改的另一个特征是计算***需求量的方式。现有技术的***需求量采用整个区域的***需求总数以及另外的任何一个区域的最高正需求量,并利用公式计算***需求量。因为本发明利用一段时间内***需求量的积分,因此,存在有正的和负的***需求量的可能性。因此,本发明利用加权最大绝对值区域需求量的***需求量公式。
另外,虽然在公开的实施例中,若干区域需求量的合并发生在进行积分之前,但是对独立的区域需求量进行积分、而后合并每一区域的当前和积分信号也是可能的。然而,申请者相信这可能是更有挑战的方法并因此利用合并的信号作为用于公开的实施例中积分计算的项。
根据下面的说明和附图,可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其他特征,下面是对附图的简要说明。
附图说明
图1示意性示出了用于HVAC***的控制。
图2示出的是现有技术的控制算法的效果。
图3示意性示出了利用本发明控制算法的分级增加。
具体实施方式
图1说明了HVAC***控制装置10。四个区域的控制装置被示为11、12、14和16。区域控制装置11、12、14和16各自具有用于感测实际温度的传感器18和使用户为该区域输入所期望的或设定的温度的控制装置20。接着,区域控制装置11、12、14和16各自发送一个或若干个信号至控制装置10。所说明的控制装置10包括逻辑步骤,所述逻辑步骤包括需求量加权和合并控制步骤22。控制装置10可以是微处理器,尽管可以利用其他类型的适当的控制装置。来自区域的信号被发送至控制装置10以提供设定值和实际温度之间差异的指示。这个差异被称为区域需求量。
在***处于“开启”或调节空气时,加入到控制装置的区域包括具有至少部分打开的风门的所有区域。在***处于“关闭”或未调节空气时,则有需求的所有区域被用于该计算。
在步骤22处,区域需求量被合并进***需求量。在现有技术中,***需求量取自区域的需求量,同时最大正区域需求量的权重增加。“正”区域需求量出现在加热模式下实际温度低于设定值之处,或者其中在冷却模式下实际温度高于设定值。所使用的公式如下:
***需求量=[(来自有需求的区域的需求量总和)/(有需求的区域数)+(最大区域需求量)]/2
接着,将这个***需求量发送至控制步骤23用于确定所请求的级或分级需求量。
在现有技术中,用于确定分级需求量的级控制算法只是将一个乘数施加于***需求量。在一级滞后的情形下,实际的现有技术的控制装置所利用的乘数为2。结果是设备的第一级在0.5度的加权平均误差下被开启,而在加权平均误差为零时被关闭。
如图2所示,在级增加时,因此要求增加***需求量以此导致更大的分级需求量。为了开启第五级,需要2.5度的相对较大的平均误差。因此,如果***在第四级运行,则可能存在2度的平均误差,作为一例,其可能在很长时间内存在。这是上述现有技术中的缺陷。
本发明通过在确定分级需求量时考虑一段时间内***需求量而解决了这个问题。
在一个实施例中,分级需求量由下式确定:
分级需求量=2(当前的***需求量)+(1/24)(在设备最终被开启时每分钟开始一次所计算的***需求量的累积总和)
因为每小时有60的***需求量包括在累积总和数中,所以总乘数有效地为在该时间内平均***需求量的2.5。
当然,可利用其他的乘数并且可在积分部分利用其他的时间段(或更长或更短)。如图3所示,在相对小的***需求量(如2.5度)的情形下,本发明能够移至多达第五级那么高(甚至更高)。因此,本发明的控制装置将不会在平均区域需求量偏离所期望的设定值几度的情形下长时间持续运行,不论“当前的”运行级如何。
利用积分项,过度调节应当使积分项向负方向移动。因为现有技术的控制装置在足够大的需求量存在时仅仅将设备开启到更高级,而在需求量变为零时将设备关闭。然而,在使用积分项时,***需求量必须平均为零(以使积分项将不变)以保持分级需求量不变。这意味着应当允许***需求量变为正或负。以最大正区域需求量对区域进行加权的现有技术的***需求量不再是最适合于这种控制装置。
现有技术的***需求量的公式计算如下:
***需求量=[(有需求的区域的需求量总和)/(有需求的区域数)+(最大正区域需求量)]/2
当***移向低点的级时,“最大正区域需求量”很可能是较小的正需求量,而更大的负需求量将存在于其他地方。然而,在现有技术的公式中,较小的正需求量的权重最大。
利用本发明,***需求量被改变如下:
***需求量=[(有需求的区域的需求量总和)/(有需求的区域数)+{最大区域需求量}]/2
在{}中的量用来指具有最大绝对值的区域需求量。因此,当***趋于关闭时,上述方程的输出结果快速变为负,此时最大负区域需求量刚好超过最大正区域需求量。在通过分级计算时,分级需求量的第一(比例)项还将导致分级信号快速变为负。因此,向下分级通常发生在最大正区域需求量刚好等于最过度调节的区域的需求量或最大负区域需求量。
如图1所示,存在有分级控制步骤25来控制加热/冷却设备27。还是如图1所示意的,管道30使得从加热或冷却元件发送空气至各个区域由此试图满足设定值。分级控制步骤包括用于控制分级变化的若干控制装置。这个分级控制装置通常在本领域中可能是公知的并且可包括若干定时器。循环定时器可防止相同的级在从其最后一次被开启算起的一段时间(如15分钟)内开启。这用来将相同的两级之间的循环限制到每小时四次,以此防止过度的设备循环。在分级定时器防止向上分级期间,在本发明的级控制算法中未更新积分项。这是用来防止任何“积累器终结”的,而“积累器终结”是与PI控制有关的潜在问题。
另外,10分钟的分级定时器通常防止以每级大于10分钟的速度的向上分级,而不管所请求的级数。在设定值最初被改变时,其防止了过度分级。同样地,三分钟的最小开定时器(on-timer)确保了:一旦级被启动,它将保持至少三分钟。
正如所公开的,本发明能够更好地处理消除长期的区域需求并确保获得实际正确的级。本发明因此能够在高负荷时运行,同时仍能够精确地达到设定值。
尽管已经公开了本发明的优选实施例,但是本领域普通的技术工人将会认识到,某些修改将在本发明的范围内。出于这个原因,下面的权利要求应当用来确定本发明的范围和内容。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于HVAC***的控制装置,包含:
中央控制装置,用于接收多个区域控制信号,所述多个区域控制信号提供了关于多个区域各自所期望的温度和实际温度的信息;以及
所述中央控制装置利用当前的其中一个所述区域控制信号以及至少在先的其中一个所述区域控制信号来确定相关联的HVAC***的所期望的分级需求量。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其中所述区域控制信号被用来计算***需求量,并且使用来自在先的***需求量的所述在先的区域控制信号,其中所述中央控制装置利用当前的和在先的一个所述***需求量来确定所述期望的分级需求量。
3.如权利要求2所述的控制装置,其中所述分级需求量由下列公式来确定:
分级需求量=x(***需求量)+y(一段时间内取得的多个在先的***需求量的总和)
其中x和y为正的常数。
4.如权利要求2所述的控制装置,其中通过对具有区域设定值和区域实际温度之间差异的最大绝对值的区域进行加权来计算所述***需求量。
5.如权利要求4所述的控制装置,其中所述***需求量通过下面的公式来计算:
***需求量=[(有需求的区域的需求量总和)/(有需求的区域数)+{最大区域需求量}]/2
其中{}符号表示具有需求量的最大绝对值的区域的需求量。
6.如权利要求1所述的控制装置,其中所述在先的区域控制信号是在所述分级需求量被确定的点之前的多个时间段内取得的。
7.如权利要求6所述的控制装置,其中第一乘数与所述当前的区域控制信号相乘,并且第二乘数与在一段时间内取得的所述在先的区域控制信号的总和相乘。
8.一种操作HVAC***的方法,所述方法包含下列步骤:
(1)在多个区域的各区域内提供区域控制装置,每个所述区域控制装置允许设定区域设定值,并且各区域包括传感器,用于感测实际区域温度并向中央控制装置发送表示所述区域设定值和所述实际区域温度的信号;
(2)在所述中央控制装置中,基于所述区域设定值和所述实际区域温度来确定各区域的区域需求量;以及
(3)确定相关联的HVAC***的所期望的级,所述确定基于所述区域需求量的当前值和所述区域需求量的在先的值。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中基于所述多个区域需求量,利用所述区域需求量来计算***需求量。
10.一种HVAC***,包含:
HVAC部件,用于改变环境中的空气温度;
管道,用来将空气从所述HVAC部件提供到多个不同区域;
多个区域控制装置,各区域控制装置允许设定区域设定值并确定实际区域温度,所述区域控制装置向中央控制装置发送信号;以及
所述中央控制装置利用当前的其中一个所述区域控制信号和至少在先的其中一个所述控制信号来确定所述HVAC部件的所期望的分级需求量。
11.如权利要求10所述的***,其中所述区域控制信号被用来计算***需求量,并且使用来自在先的***需求量的所述在先的区域控制信号,其中所述中央控制装置利用当前的和在先的一个所述***需求量来确定所述期望的分级需求量。
12.如权利要求11所述的***,其中所述分级需求量由下列公式来确定:
分级需求量=x(***需求量)+y(一段时间内取得的多个在先的***需求量的总和)
其中x和y为正的常数。
13.如权利要求11所述的***,其中通过对具有区域设定值和区域实际温度之间差异的最大绝对值的区域进行加权来计算所述***需求量。
14.如权利要求13所述的***,其中所述***需求量通过下面的公式来计算:
***需求量=[(有需求的区域的需求量总和)/(有需求的区域数)+{最大区域需求量}]/2
其中{}符号表示具有需求量的最大绝对值的区域的需求量。
15.如权利要求10所述的***,其中所述在先的***区域控制信号是在所述分级需求量被确定的点之前的多个时间段内取得的。
16.如权利要求15所述的***,其中第一乘数与当前的所述区域控制信号的其中之一相乘,并且第二乘数与在一段时间内取得的所述在先的区域控制信号的总和相乘。
17.如权利要求16所述的***,其中来自所述多个区域的各区域的所述区域控制信号被一起采用以此确定***需求量,并且所述***需求量被所述中央控制装置用作所述当前的和在先的区域控制信号。
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US10/760,664 US7377450B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2004-01-20 | Control of multi-zone and multi-stage HVAC system |
US10/760,664 | 2004-01-20 | ||
PCT/US2005/001085 WO2005069820A2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2005-01-12 | Control of multi-zone and multi-stage hvac system |
Publications (2)
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CN1910528A true CN1910528A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
CN1910528B CN1910528B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
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CN2005800025775A Expired - Fee Related CN1910528B (zh) | 2004-01-20 | 2005-01-12 | 多区域以及多级hvac***的控制装置 |
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EP (1) | EP1706804A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1910528B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005206862A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0506941A (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1103135A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005069820A2 (zh) |
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- 2005-01-12 WO PCT/US2005/001085 patent/WO2005069820A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-12 CN CN2005800025775A patent/CN1910528B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-12 BR BRPI0506941-6A patent/BRPI0506941A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-12 EP EP05711414A patent/EP1706804A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN103134109A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-05 | 王春刚 | 一种变温舒适(vts)空调*** |
CN103970083B (zh) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-08-24 | 阿自倍尔株式会社 | 协调动作装置以及方法 |
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CN106461294A (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-02-22 | 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 | 热泵和空气调节分级***及方法 |
CN106471431A (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2017-03-01 | 艾默生电气公司 | 加热、通风和/或空气调节***和围护结构分级***以及方法 |
CN106471431B (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2019-05-14 | 艾默生电气公司 | 加热、通风和/或空气调节***和围护结构分级***以及方法 |
CN106461294B (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2019-06-07 | 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 | 热泵和空气调节分级***及方法 |
CN106471316B (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2019-06-14 | 艾默生电气公司 | 加热、通风或空气调节***分级***和方法 |
US10344997B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2019-07-09 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Heat pump and air conditioning grading systems and methods |
US10352783B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2019-07-16 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Building envelope and interior grading systems and methods |
US10634378B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2020-04-28 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Heat pump and air conditioning grading systems and methods |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1706804A2 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
WO2005069820A2 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
CN1910528B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
EP1706804A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
HK1103135A1 (en) | 2007-12-14 |
US20050156049A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
AU2005206862A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2005069820A3 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
BRPI0506941A (pt) | 2007-06-12 |
US7377450B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 |
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