CN1908518A - Electric arc molten processing system and method for processing rubbish combustion ash - Google Patents
Electric arc molten processing system and method for processing rubbish combustion ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN1908518A CN1908518A CN 200610047497 CN200610047497A CN1908518A CN 1908518 A CN1908518 A CN 1908518A CN 200610047497 CN200610047497 CN 200610047497 CN 200610047497 A CN200610047497 A CN 200610047497A CN 1908518 A CN1908518 A CN 1908518A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an electric arc molten processing system and method for processing rubbish combustion ash, which includes: a feeding system, a fume emission control system, a slag cold system and an arc furnace. The arc furnace structure is as follows: a furnace body as the melten pool; a water cooled cover covering on the furnace body; a bracket arranged on the water cooled cover; a top electrode in the bracket, whose discharge end passes through the water cooled cover into the inside of the furnace body; a bottom electrode in the bottom of the furnace body corresponding to the discharge end of the top electrode, respectively connecting to the output electrode of the power with the top electrode; a feed port disposed on one side of the furnace body; a slag eye arranged on the bottom of the furnace body; an exhaust port mounted on the furnace body. The processing method is: 1. a material processing procedure; 2. a loading procedure; 3. an electric arc molten procedure; 4. an exhaust purification processing procedure; 5. slag cooling procedure. The invention reduces the molten markedly to decompose the dioxin in the ash and melt the heavy metal in the slag. The generated slag can be recycled directly and reduce the environmental pollution.
Description
One, technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of melt process device and processing method of burning ash, particularly a kind of electric arc furnaces device and processing method of incineration ash of household rubbish and medical refuse burning ash being carried out nontoxicization processing and recycling.
Two, background technology: common combustiblerefuse comprises house refuse and medical waste, these incineration treatment of garbage can subtract appearance, decrement, high-temperature sterilization sterilization and remove a large amount of pollutants, but contain pollutant components such as the heavy metal of a great deal of and dioxin in the incinerator ash, be listed in danger wastes, thereby cause new environmental problem.
At present, incinerator ash is mainly adopted technology such as landfill disposal, cement solidification, chemically stable, melt process both at home and abroad.Wherein first three kind technology all can not guarantee the long-term safety of heavy metal, and can not eliminate organic poisons such as dioxin; And fusion technology subtracts and holds significantly, can thoroughly decompose the dioxin in the ash, and with heavy metals immobilization in slag, produced simultaneously slag also can be used as the raw material of pottery, roadbed, cement, has remarkable advantages aspect appearanceization, innoxious, the utilization of resources subtracting.Domesticly lag behind the central incineration actual demand, lack the grey melt process device and the key processing technique that have independent intellectual property right at present still being in the mechanism conceptual phase aspect the fusion of rubbish ash.
Three, summary of the invention:
1, goal of the invention: the invention provides a kind of disposal of refuse and burn the electric arc furnaces of ash and utilize its disposal of refuse to burn the method for ash, its objective is that solution mainly adopts methods such as landfill disposal, cement solidification, chemically stable, fusion to handle now to incinerator ash, first three methods subtracts the appearance weak effect, and can not eliminate organic poisons such as dioxin, poor stability; And the problem that does not have aspects such as efficient melting device and melting process for the treatment of to exist now.
2, technical scheme: the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of electric arc molten processing system, this treatment system comprises:
Feed system is to adopt the mode of conveyer belt to carry out haul;
Fume emission control system and slag cooling system;
It is characterized in that it also comprises electric arc furnaces, it is the core of whole system, is used for the fusion incinerator ash; It comprises:
Body of heater is the structure of container as fusion pool;
Water cooled cover covers on body of heater;
Support is arranged on the water cooled cover;
Top electrode is arranged in the support, and the discharge end of top electrode passes water cooled cover and extend in the body of heater;
Hearth electrode is located at the bottom of body of heater, and its discharge end is corresponding with the discharge end of top electrode, and top electrode, hearth electrode are connected with the output electrode of power supply respectively;
Charging aperture, charging aperture are located at a side of body of heater, and it is corresponding with the discharge end of feed system;
Slag notch is located at the bottom of body of heater, and it is corresponding with the position of slag cooling system;
Exhaust opening is located on the body of heater, is communicated with the air intake vent of the deduster of fume emission control system.
Hearth electrode is located at the centre of furnace bottom.
The furnace bottom of body of heater partly has certain angle of inclination, and the melt substance of being convenient in the body of heater flows; The liner of body of heater adopts Al
2O
3-Cr
2O
3Chromium oxide is fire-resistant casting material, prevents to burn to contain lower boiling heavy metal salt corrosion furnace wall in the ash.
Power supply adopts dc source, and top electrode is connected with the negative pole of dc source through water-cooled cable, and hearth electrode is connected with the positive pole of dc source.
Top electrode is a graphite electrode, and hearth electrode is magnesia carbon brick graphite or ordinary carbon steel.
The method of ash is burned in a kind of electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse, it is characterized in that with the described electric arc molten processing system of claim 1 be treatment facility, and processing method is carried out as follows:
1. the material treatment step is standby after collection, screening, drying with incinerator ash;
2. addition step is sent into incinerator ash in the body of heater through the electric arc furnaces charging aperture;
3. electric arc furnaces fusion step feeds direct current to two electrodes of electric arc furnaces, produces high temperature elder generation heating flame between electrode, makes the remaining combustible oxidation in the incinerator ash, is fused into liquid phase in the molten bath that body of heater forms, and vitrification phenomenon forms afterwards;
4. waste gas purification treatment step, the waste gas that produces in the melting process is introduced into quenching apparatus, through sack cleaner the particulate pollutant that contains heavy metal in the waste gas is purified after the cooling, at last to extraneous environmental emission;
5. slag cooling step, the fusion pool bottom slag notch that liquid slag and metal form in the body of heater after the fusion overflows and falls into and the corresponding water-cooling groove of slag notch, and the slag after the water-cooled is as the directly utilization again of raw material of pottery, roadbed, cement.
Collect the burning ash that produces after the waste incineration in the material treatment step, burn grey sample after mixing evenly, remove large particulate matter with mesh screen, drying is removed moisture again; In the material treatment step, bottom ash mixed with flying dust or lower floor handles after the layering tiling of flying dust again, prevent that the less flying dust of proportion from outwards dispersing under the arc column repulsion effect of direct current electric arc furnace.
In addition step, adopt the mode of rotational conveyance band that the charging aperture of incinerator ash on body of heater sent in the body of heater, make the feed steady and continuous.
In electric arc furnaces fusion step, the electric current of electric arc furnaces is 20A-40000A, and voltage is 10V-900V.
The waste gas that produces in the melting process is introduced into quenching apparatus, through sack cleaner the particulate pollutant that contains heavy metal in the waste gas is purified after the cooling, and particulate pollutant adopts cement solidification method to handle or chemical extraction is recycled.
3, advantage and effect: by the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention, can solve methods such as now incinerator ash mainly being adopted landfill disposal, cement solidification, chemically stable, fusion well handles, first three methods subtracts the appearance weak effect, and can not eliminate organic poisons such as dioxin, poor stability; And the problem that does not have aspects such as efficient melting device and melting process for the treatment of to exist now.
Electric arc furnaces of the present invention has that temperature height, electric heating change that ability is big, electrothermal efficiency is high, furnace atmosphere and furnace maneuver advantage such as control easily.Utilize electric arc furnaces of the present invention and method of smelting of the present invention to carry out the melt process of incinerator ash, can shorten the R﹠D cycle of fusion technology, can reduce investment outlay again and operating cost, have remarkable environmental and economic benefit.
Burn the processing method of ash with conventional garbage and compare, the present invention has following characteristics:
It is obvious to utilize electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse burning ash of the present invention to subtract the appearance effect, and after the melt process, the volume that burns ash can reduce more than 75%, is convenient to transportation, storage or recycling treatment, and alleviates the grey situation that causes landfill soil anxiety of burning;
Burn ash and handle in the gained slag of back heavy metal through the electric arc furnaces of electric arc molten processing system of the present invention to leach concentration extremely low, complete compliance with environmental protection requirements, solidification effect is good; The dioxin resolution ratio is eliminated its harmful effect to environment fully up to 99.93% under the high temperature simultaneously;
Utilize molten processing system disposal of refuse of the present invention to burn the raw material that the grey slag that obtains can be used as pottery, roadbed, cement, thereby realize utilization of waste as resource.
In sum, processing method of the present invention have splendid subtract appearanceization, innoxious, resource is utilized effect again, belongs to the friendly technology of novel environmental, reduce investment outlay and operating cost.
Four, description of drawings: accompanying drawing 1 is electric arc molten processing system structural representation of the present invention.
Five, the specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.
Among the figure: the 1-support; The 2-top electrode; The 3-water cooled cover; The 4-slag notch; The 5-hearth electrode; The 6-dc source; The 7-body of heater; The 8-charging aperture; The 9-exhaust opening; The 10-quenching apparatus; The 11-sack cleaner; The 12-water-cooling groove; The 13-feed system.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of electric arc molten processing system, and this treatment system comprises: feed system 13, and it is to adopt the mode of conveyer belt to carry out haul; The fume emission control system is used for the flue gas after handling is handled the back discharging only; The slag cooling system is that the solid content after the fusion is cooled off, solidifies; This electric arc molten processing system also comprises electric arc furnaces, and it is the core of whole system, is used for the fusion incinerator ash; The body of heater 7 of electric arc furnaces is the bulge structure of top opening, and its inner chamber burns the fusion pool of ash as disposal of refuse; Be stamped a water cooled cover 3 on body of heater 7 openings, it lives whole body of heater closure of openings; The middle part of water cooled cover 3 is provided with a support 1; Top electrode 2 is arranged in the support 1, and the discharge end of top electrode 2 passes water cooled cover 3 and extend in the body of heater 7, and top electrode 2 is a graphite electrode; The bottom centre position of body of heater 7 is provided with hearth electrode 5, and hearth electrode 5 is magnesia carbon brick graphite or ordinary carbon steel, and hearth electrode 5 discharge ends are corresponding with the discharge end of top electrode 2, and both have certain spacing to form certain arc-discharge space; Top electrode 2, hearth electrode 5 are connected with the output electrode of power supply 6 respectively, and power supply 6 adopts dc source, and top electrode 2 is connected with the negative pole of dc source through water-cooled cable, and hearth electrode 5 is connected with the positive pole of dc source; One side of body of heater 7 is provided with charging aperture 8, and it is corresponding with the discharge end of the conveyer belt of feed system, has guaranteed continual the sending in the electric arc furnaces of incinerator ash of carrying; The bottom of body of heater 7 is provided with slag notch 4, and it is corresponding with water-cooling groove 12 positions of slag cooling system, the high temperature material in the electric arc furnaces after the melt process, and cooling behind the water-cooling groove 12 of slag notch inflow slag cooling system can be used as the raw material that is used to produce other material; Body of heater 7 upper ends are provided with an exhaust opening 9, it is communicated with the air intake vent of the deduster of fume emission control system, what deduster adopted is sack cleaner 11, and high-temperature flue gas after cooling off through quenching apparatus 10 falls the smoke filtration that contains big dust particle after the electric arc furnaces processing.
The furnace bottom of body of heater 7 partly has certain angle of inclination, and the melt substance of being convenient in the body of heater flows; The inner liner of body of heater 7 adopts Al
2O
3-Cr
2O
3In chromium oxide is fire-resistant casting material, prevents to burn to contain lower boiling heavy metal salt corrosion furnace wall in the ash;
The present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing this electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse to burn ash simultaneously, and it is mainly finished by following step: 1, material treatment step; 2, addition step; 3, electric arc furnaces fusion step; 4, waste gas purification treatment step; 5, slag cooling step.
In material treatment step 1, incinerator ash is collected, larger particles is carried out fragmentation and screening, dry to remove moisture, incinerator ash comprises flying dust, bottom ash and the flue dust that produces in the various incinerators.Because flying dust proportion is less, under the arc column repulsion effect of direct current electric arc furnace, easily outwards disperse, so handle again with bottom ash or behind flue dust mixes with flying dust or layering is tiled lower floor the is flying dust.In addition step 2, by rotating belt incinerator ash is sent into body of heater through the charging aperture place of body of heater one side, guarantee the feed steady and continuous.In electric arc furnaces fusion step 3, the alternating current of sending into by electric power system or through the direct current of silicon rectifying equipment conversion, the graphite electrode that is connected with water-cooled cable via the water cooled electrode chuck is sent into and is produced electric arc in the stove.Under hot environment, burn grey first heating flame in the stove, make remaining combustible oxidation and abundant after-flame, burn ash afterwards and in the molten bath, be fused into liquid phase, and because of gravitational effect metal and inorganic being separated, the electric arc furnaces furnace bottom has certain angle of inclination, and liquid slag and metal overflow from fusion pool bottom slag notch.Contain lower boiling heavy metal salt corrosion furnace wall in the ash for preventing to burn, body of heater 7 liners of electric arc furnaces adopt Al
2O
3-Cr
2O
3In chromium oxide is fire-resistant casting material.In waste gas purification treatment step 4, the waste gas that produces in the melting process is introduced into quenching apparatus 10, through sack cleaner 11 particulate pollutant that contains heavy metal in the waste gas is purified after the cooling, particulate pollutant adopts cement solidification method to handle or chemical extraction is recycled.In slag cooling step 5, the liquid phase high-temperature slag overflows to fall into from slag notch and carries out quenching in the water-cooling groove, and molten slag condenses into piece, leaches the complete compliance with environmental protection requirements of concentration determination through heavy metal, and heavy metals immobilization is respond well.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of electric arc molten processing system, this treatment system comprises:
Feed system (13) is to adopt the mode of conveyer belt to carry out haul;
Fume emission control system and slag cooling system;
It is characterized in that it also comprises electric arc furnaces, it is the core of whole system, is used for the fusion incinerator ash; It comprises:
Body of heater (7) is the structure of container as fusion pool;
Water cooled cover (3) covers on body of heater (7);
Support (1) is arranged on the water cooled cover (3);
Top electrode (2) is arranged in the support (1), and the discharge end of top electrode (2) passes water cooled cover (3) and extend in the body of heater (7);
Hearth electrode (5) is located at the bottom of body of heater (7), and its discharge end is corresponding with the discharge end of top electrode (2), and top electrode (2), hearth electrode (5) are connected with the output electrode of power supply (6) respectively;
Charging aperture (8), charging aperture (8) is located at a side of body of heater (7), and it is corresponding with the discharge end of feed system;
Slag notch (4) is located at the bottom of body of heater (7), and it is corresponding with the position of slag cooling system;
Exhaust opening (9) is located on the body of heater (7), is communicated with the air intake vent of the deduster of fume emission control system.
2, electric arc molten processing system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: hearth electrode (5) is located at the centre of furnace bottom.
3, electric arc molten processing system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the furnace bottom of body of heater (7) partly has certain angle of inclination, and the melt substance of being convenient in the body of heater flows; The liner of body of heater (7) adopts Al
2O
3-Cr
2O
3Chromium oxide is fire-resistant casting material, prevents to burn to contain lower boiling heavy metal salt corrosion furnace wall in the ash.
4, electric arc molten processing system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: power supply adopts dc source, and top electrode (2) is connected with the negative pole of dc source through water-cooled cable, and hearth electrode (5) is connected with the positive pole of dc source.
5, electric arc molten processing system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: top electrode (2) is a graphite electrode, and hearth electrode (5) is magnesia carbon brick graphite or ordinary carbon steel.
6, the method for ash is burned in a kind of electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse, it is characterized in that with the described electric arc molten processing system of claim 1 be treatment facility, and processing method is carried out as follows:
1. the material treatment step is standby after collection, screening, drying with incinerator ash;
2. addition step is sent into incinerator ash in the body of heater through the electric arc furnaces charging aperture;
3. electric arc furnaces fusion step feeds direct current to two electrodes of electric arc furnaces, produces high temperature elder generation heating flame between electrode, makes the remaining combustible oxidation in the incinerator ash, is fused into liquid phase in the molten bath that body of heater forms, and vitrification phenomenon forms afterwards;
4. waste gas purification treatment step, the waste gas that produces in the melting process is introduced into quenching apparatus, through sack cleaner the particulate pollutant that contains heavy metal in the waste gas is purified after the cooling, at last to extraneous environmental emission;
5. slag cooling step, the fusion pool bottom slag notch that liquid slag and metal form in the body of heater after the fusion overflows and falls into and the corresponding water-cooling groove of slag notch, and the slag after the water-cooled is as the directly utilization again of raw material of pottery, roadbed, cement.
7, the method for ash is burned in electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the material treatment step, collect the burning ash that produces after the waste incineration, burn grey sample after mixing evenly, remove large particulate matter with mesh screen, drying is removed moisture again; In the material treatment step, bottom ash mixed with flying dust or lower floor handles after the layering tiling of flying dust again, prevent that the less flying dust of proportion from outwards dispersing under the arc column repulsion effect of direct current electric arc furnace.
8, the method for ash is burned in electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in addition step, adopt the mode of rotational conveyance band that the charging aperture of incinerator ash on body of heater sent in the body of heater, make the feed steady and continuous.
9, the method for ash is burned in electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse according to claim 6, and it is characterized in that: in electric arc furnaces fusion step, the electric current of electric arc furnaces is 20A-40000A, and voltage is 10V-900V.
10, the method for ash is burned in electric arc molten processing system disposal of refuse according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the waste gas that produces in the melting process is introduced into quenching apparatus, through sack cleaner the particulate pollutant that contains heavy metal in the waste gas is purified after the cooling, particulate pollutant adopts cement solidification method to handle or chemical extraction is recycled.
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