CN1892205A - Heat amount prediction method, heat amount prediction system, and recording medium having heat amount prediction program - Google Patents
Heat amount prediction method, heat amount prediction system, and recording medium having heat amount prediction program Download PDFInfo
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- CN1892205A CN1892205A CNA2006100902561A CN200610090256A CN1892205A CN 1892205 A CN1892205 A CN 1892205A CN A2006100902561 A CNA2006100902561 A CN A2006100902561A CN 200610090256 A CN200610090256 A CN 200610090256A CN 1892205 A CN1892205 A CN 1892205A
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Abstract
A method of predicting the amount of heat flowing into an object includes the steps of formulating a thermal circuit representing a heat flow into the object and an equation representing the thermal circuit; obtaining parameters for the equation; applying the parameters in the equation; and solving the equation to predict the amount of heat flowing into the object.
Description
Technical field
The recording medium that present invention relates in general to a kind of heat Forecasting Methodology, heat prognoses system and store the heat predictor, more specifically, relate to a kind of be used to measure heat Forecasting Methodology, the heat prognoses system of the heat that flows into object and the recording medium that stores the heat predictor.
Background technology
Developed and covered for example outside surface of ship, buildings, motor vehicle and electronic equipment of various structures (structure), be used to receive the solar heat reflection coating (thermal shield coating) of solar radiation.Solar heat reflection coating reflected sunlight suppresses the rising of temperature in the structure, and the surface of protection structure.Therefore the solar heat reflection coating has for example reduced the required energy consumption of air-conditioning in the structure, and has improved the permanance of structure.
When the solar heat reflection coating being used for structure when obtaining above-mentioned effect, the thermoshield effect of measuring the solar heat reflection coating is very important.
The stable state of using in architectural environment engineering and other field is calculated provides a kind of straightforward procedure of calculating the thermal load of structure.
In addition, proposed a kind of method of measuring the effect of thermal shield coating, this method also uses stable state to calculate.In the method, measure the sun reflectance of thermal shield coating, calculate solar absorptance from the sun reflectance that records, calculate sol-air temperature (sol-air temperature), and calculate heat transfer capacity from the sol-air temperature of being calculated from the solar absorptance that is calculated.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2002-39977 communique
Yet the stable state of using in architectural environment engineering and other field is calculated the heat that is merely able to calculate under the steady state conditions, can not consider the predictability calculating that thermal capacitance and meteorological condition change to heat.In order to calculate the heat under the unsteady state condition of considering thermal capacitance and meteorological condition variation, run on the simulator program that is used for calculation of Heat Load on the large scale computer.Yet such simulator program is very expensive, and is not easy to obtain.
Summary of the invention
The recording medium that the invention provides a kind of heat Forecasting Methodology, heat prognoses system and store the heat predictor, it has been eliminated basically because the limitation and the caused one or more problems of shortcoming of correlation technique.
Heat Forecasting Methodology, heat prognoses system and the recording medium that stores the heat predictor according to an embodiment of the invention provide a kind of simple and mode that afford to calculate heat under the unsteady state condition.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of method of predicting the heat that flows into object is provided, comprise the steps: to design the hot loop of the hot-fluid of representing the described object of inflow and the equation of representing described hot loop; Obtain the parameter of described equation; Described parameter is applied to described equation; And find the solution described equation to predict the heat that flows into described object.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the hot-fluid when the described object of inflow is that i, solar absorptance are that a, solar irradiance are that I, external temperature are T
Ex, internal temperature is T
In, the outside of described object and the thermal resistance of the structure between the inside be R
c, inner structure resistance of heat transfer be r
In, and the resistance of heat transfer of external structure be r
ExThe time, represent that the The Representation Equation of described hot loop is as follows: i={ (a * I * r
Ex)+(T
Ex-T
In)/(R
c+ r
In+ r
Ex).
According to an aspect of the present invention, the variation of described heat is predicted by following step: (a) obtain the two or more groups parameter, every group of parameter is corresponding to a time point; (b) wherein one group of parameter is applied to described equation; (c) find the solution described equation, thereby obtain to flow into the described hot-fluid of described object at corresponding time point; (d), obtain described heat at later time point based on the described hot-fluid that in step (c), obtains; And (e) repeating step (b) is to (d), and the number of times of repetition is identical with the group number of described parameter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the internal temperature when time point j place is T
In (j), time point j+1 place internal temperature be T
In (j+1), time point j place external temperature be T
Ex (j), to state the parameter that the structural condition of the object parameter relevant with interior condition obtain by combination and time point j place be H
(j)' and KS
(j), and the thermal capacity of described object be C
tThe time, the internal temperature T at time point j+1 place
In (j+1)Following calculating: T
In (j+1)=T
Ex (j)+ H
(j)'/KS
(j)-(T
Ex (j)+ H
(j)'/KS
(j)-T
In (j)) exp (KS
(j)/ C
t).
According to an aspect of the present invention, the time interval between described time point j and the described time point j+1 at about ten minutes to about one hour scope.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of system that predicts the heat that flows into object is provided, use expression to flow into the hot loop of hot-fluid of described object and the equation of representing described hot loop therein, this system comprises: acquiring unit is used to obtain the parameter of described equation; And processing unit, be used for described parameter is applied to described equation, and find the solution described equation flows into described object with prediction heat.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of recording medium is provided, include in it and be used to make computer forecast to flow into the program of the heat of object, described program comprises: first code unit, its design expression flow into the hot loop of hot-fluid of described object and the equation of representing described hot loop; The second code unit, it obtains the parameter of described equation; Third generation code element, it is applied to described equation with described parameter; And the 4th code unit, it finds the solution described equation flows into described object with prediction heat.
In heat Forecasting Methodology according to an embodiment of the invention, the different piece by object flows into the heat of object and calculates by stable state, and summed total thermal load with the acquisition object.Utilize thermal load and the above-mentioned equation calculated, the variation of object internal temperature can for example consider that the variation of meteorological condition predicts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block scheme that illustrates according to the typical system configuration of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that illustrates according to the exemplary process of the calculation of Heat Load program of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the table that is used in the canonical parameter in the calculation of Heat Load;
Fig. 4 is the figure that is used to describe the method for the thermal load of calculating buildings;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram that the exemplary process of calculation of Heat Load is shown;
Fig. 6 is the table that the structural condition of the buildings that is used for typical simulation is shown;
Fig. 7 is the table that the interior condition of the buildings that is used for typical simulation is shown;
Fig. 8 is the table that is illustrated in the typical meteorological condition in the residing place of buildings of using in the typical simulation;
Fig. 9 is the figure that is illustrated in the computing in the typical simulation;
Figure 10 is the curve map that the result of typical internal temperature simulation is shown; And
Figure 11 is the figure that the typical method of the thermal load of calculating road is shown.
Embodiment
Below with reference to description of drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
System architecture
Fig. 1 is the block scheme that illustrates according to the typical system configuration of the embodiment of the invention.
The heat prognoses system 100 of present embodiment realizes that by the personal computer system it comprises: input equipment 111, processing unit 112, memory device 113, storer 114, display device 115 and communication facilities 116.
Input equipment 111 comprises for example mouse and keyboard, is used to import for example information of the object of structure, for example position, size and internal temperature setting.
Processing unit 112 comprises CPU, and its execution is stored in the calculation of Heat Load program in the memory device 113.
Memory device 113 comprises disk drive, for example hard disk drive or CD-ROM drive.The calculation of Heat Load program is installed in the memory device 113.Memory device 113 also is used to store for example information and the result of calculation of object.
Storer 114 is realized by the volatile memory of for example RAM, as the temporary storage area of processing unit 112.
Display device 115 is realized by for example CRT or LCD, is used to show for example input information and result of calculation.
Communication unit 116 is connected to for example the Internet of network, is used to visit the database of weather bureau for example and obtains weather information.
The calculation of Heat Load program
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that illustrates according to the exemplary process of the calculation of Heat Load program of the embodiment of the invention.In the following description, with the example of buildings as object.
When beginning calculation of Heat Load program in step S1-1, at step S1-2, program display is used to ask the screen of the position of buildings to processing unit 112 according to calculation of Heat Load.
When the user had imported the position of buildings in step S1-3, processing unit 112 obtained corresponding weather information at step S1-4 from the database of weather bureau.
In step S1-5, processing unit 112 shows the screen of the direction and the size that are used to ask buildings.When user in step S1-6 had imported the direction of buildings and size, processing unit 112 obtained the direction and the size of the buildings of being imported in step S1-7.
In step S1-8, processing unit 112 shows the screen that is used to ask internal information, and this internal information comprises for example condition of interior of building temperature.When having imported internal information in step S1-9, processing unit 112 obtains internal information in step S1-10.
In step S1-11, processing unit 112 calculates the parameter that is used for calculation of Heat Load.For example, processing unit 112 according to its size gauging surface area, calculates the thermal capacity of buildings according to the position calculation solar radiation quantity of buildings according to internal information.The formula that utilization is generally adopted in architectural environment engineering or other field calculates by stable state, is easy to the parameter of calculated example such as solar radiation quantity.For example, that these formula are write at EnvironmentalEngineering Text Study Group (environmental engineering teaching material seminar), Shokokusha Publishing Co. have description among Environmentalengineering Text (the Kankyo Kougaku Kyokasho) SecondEdition that Ltd. publishes.
Fig. 3 illustrates the table that is used in the canonical parameter in the calculation of Heat Load.
The parameter of obtaining from weather information comprises: external temperature T
Ex[℃], roof surface solar irradiance I
r[W/m^2], wall surface solar irradiance I
w[W/m^2] and wind speed v[m/s].By determining local weather station, and obtain the weather information of local weather station, obtain external temperature T from the database of for example weather bureau based on the position of buildings
Ex[℃].Communication facilities 116 obtains weather information by for example access to the Internet weather bureau or weather information service company.
According to average atmospheric transmissivity (transmittance) and illumination duration of from the weather information of local weather station, obtaining, calculate roof surface solar irradiance I
r[W/m^2] and wall surface solar irradiance I
w[W/m^2], described local weather station is based on the latitude of the position of buildings and local weather station and longitude and is definite.
As solar constant 1.37[kW/m^2] be J
0, when altitude of the sun [degree] is P for h and atmospheric transmissivity, normal direction solar radiation quantity J
DCan obtain by following formula (1) according to the Buga formula:
J
D＝0.5×J
0×P^cosec(h) ... ...(1)
And, the solar radiation quantity J of horizontal transmission
SCan obtain by following formula (2):
J
S＝0.5×J
0×sin(h)·(1-P^cosec(h))/(1-1.4×ln(p)) ...(2)
Horizontal direction solar radiation quantity I
HBe the solar radiation quantity that directly arrives buildings roof or roof, it can obtain by following formula (3):
I
H＝J
D×sin(h) ...(3)
Vertical direction solar radiation quantity I
VBe the solar radiation quantity that directly arrives the building wall surface, it can obtain by following formula (4):
I
V＝J
D×cos(h)×cos(α-AV) ...(4)
In formula (4), A
vThe position angle [degree] on expression wall surface.
The actual solar irradiance of level is calculated according to horizontal direction solar radiation quantity and illumination duration; Vertical actual solar irradiance is calculated according to vertical direction solar radiation quantity and illumination duration.The illumination duration can obtain from the weather information of local weather station.
The actual solar irradiance of level is corresponding to roof surface solar irradiance I
r[W/m^2], vertical actual solar irradiance is corresponding to wall surface solar irradiance I
w[W/m^2].
Wind speed v[m/s] can from the weather information of local weather station, obtain.
The parameter that obtains from the structural condition of buildings comprises: roof surface solar absorptance a
r[%], roof surface area S
r[m^2], roof resistance of heat transfer (heat transferresistance) r
Rex[m^2k/W], roof structure thermal resistance R
Rc[m^2k/W], ceiling resistance of heat transfer r
Rin[m^2k/W], wall surface solar absorptance a
w[%], exterior wall resistance of heat transfer r
Wex[m^2k/W], wall construction thermal resistance R
Wc[m^2k/W], and interior wall resistance of heat transfer r
Win[m^2k/W].
For example, determine roof surface solar absorptance a according to JIS R 3106 or JIS A 5759
r[%].Roof surface area S
r[m^2] obtains according to the size of buildings.
Roof resistance of heat transfer r
Rex[m^2k/W] is according to wind speed v[m/s] calculate.
Roof structure thermal resistance R
Rc[m^2k/W] is based on the temperature conductivity and the THICKNESS CALCULATION of roof structure and each roofing element of buildings.
For ceiling resistance of heat transfer r
Rin[m^2k/W] uses the routine value in the Air-conditioning Engineering.
With roof surface solar absorptance a
rThe situation of [%] is identical, wall surface solar absorptance a
w[%] can determine according to for example JIS R 3106 or JIS A 5759.
For exterior wall resistance of heat transfer r
Wex[m^2k/W] uses the routine value in the Air-conditioning Engineering.
Wall construction thermal resistance R
Wc[m^2k/W] is based on the temperature conductivity and the THICKNESS CALCULATION of wall construction He each wall member of buildings.
For interior wall resistance of heat transfer r
Win[m^2k/W] uses the routine value in the Air-conditioning Engineering.
The parameter that obtains from the interior of building condition comprises: internal temperature T
In[℃], internal air volume V
Air[m^3], inner air volume heat capacity c
Air[Wh/m^3k], N[number/h of ventilation rate], and internal heat resource H[W].
Internal temperature T
In[℃] be fixed value, it is air-conditioner temperature (target temperature).
Internal air volume V
Air[m^3] is according to the volume calculations of buildings.
For inner air volume heat capacity c
Air[Wh/m^3k], the physical property values of use air.
N[number/h of ventilation rate] be based on the user mode of inside of buildings and the value estimated.
Internal heat resource H[W] be based on the energy consumption of equipment used in the buildings and the number in the buildings and the value estimated.
Above-mentioned parameter can or be stored in the memory device 113 by user's input.
In step S1-12, processing unit 112 is applied to above-mentioned parameter in the equation of expression hot loop, by stable state computational solution equation, thus the thermal load of acquisition buildings.In step S1-13, processing unit 112 shows the thermal load of calculating.
Calculation of Heat Load
Fig. 4 is the figure that is used to describe the method for the thermal load of calculating buildings, and this buildings is in the following description as the example of object.
Typical buildings has: the roof, and it comprises roof base portion 211, coating 212 and ceiling structure thermal barrier 213; And wall, each wall comprises wall base portion 221, coating 222 and wall construction thermal barrier 223.
In the hot loop on the roof of above-mentioned buildings, roof resistance of heat transfer r
Rex, roof structure thermal resistance R
RcAnd ceiling resistance of heat transfer r
RinTemperature T externally
ExWith internal temperature T
InBetween be connected in series.With roof surface solar irradiance I
rWith roof surface solar absorptance a
rHot-fluid (a that multiplies each other and obtain
r* I
r) inflow roof resistance of heat transfer r
RexWith roof structure thermal resistance R
RcBetween tie point.The hot-fluid that flows into buildings by the roof can obtain from the steady state solution of the equation of representing above-mentioned hot loop by use Kirchhoff's law (Kirchhoff ' s law).
External temperature T
ExWith internal temperature T
InBetween the temperature difference by (T
Ex-T
In) expression.Work as i
rWhen expression flowed into the hot-fluid of buildings by the roof, the hot-fluid that flows out buildings was expressed as follows:
{(a
r×I
r)-i
r} ...(8)
Therefore,
(T
ex-T
in)＝i
r×(R
rc+r
in)-{(a
r×I
r)-i
r}r
rex
＝i
r×(R
rc+r
in+r
rex)-(a
r×I
r×r
rex) ...(9)
Therefore,
(T
ex-T
in)+(a
r×I
r×r
rex)＝i
r×(R
rc+r
in+r
rex) ...(10)
So, can obtain flowing into hot-fluid in the buildings by following formula:
i
r＝{(a
r×I
r×r
rex)+(T
ex-T
in)}/(R
rc+r
in+r
rex) ...(11)
Use hot-fluid i
r, can obtain the roof surface temperature T by following formula
Rs:
T
rs＝T
in+i
r×(R
rc+r
in) ...(12)
Use hot-fluid i
r, can obtain ceiling temp T by following formula
Rc:
T
rc＝T
in+i
r×r
rin ...(13)
In the hot loop of each wall of above-mentioned buildings, exterior wall resistance of heat transfer r
Wex, wall construction thermal resistance R
Wc, and interior wall resistance of heat transfer r
WinTemperature T externally
ExWith internal temperature T
InBetween be connected in series.With wall surface solar irradiance I
wWith wall surface solar absorptance a
wHot-fluid (a that multiplies each other and obtain
w* I
w) inflow exterior wall resistance of heat transfer r
WexWith wall construction thermal resistance R
WcBetween tie point.With hot-fluid i
rSituation identical, flow into the hot-fluid i of buildings by each wall
wCan from the steady state solution of the equation of representing above-mentioned hot loop, obtain by using Kirchhoff's law.
Hot-fluid i
rAnd i
wIn each be hot-fluid on the per unit area.Therefore, can calculate hot-fluid respectively by roof and north wall, Nan Qiang, Dong Qiang and Xi Qiang.Work as i
rBe the hot-fluid of roof per unit area, i
WEBe the hot-fluid of eastern wall per unit area, i
WWBe the hot-fluid of western wall per unit area, i
WSBe the hot-fluid of southern wall per unit area, i
WNBe the hot-fluid of north wall per unit area, S
rBe the roof surface area, S
WEBe eastern wall surface area, S
WWBe western wall surface area, S
WSBe southern wall surface area, S
WNWhen being the north wall surface area,
Crossing following formula by the type of thermal communication on whole roof obtains:
i
r×S
r ...(14)
Crossing following formula by the type of thermal communication of Dong Qiang obtains:
i
wE×S
wE ...(15)
Crossing following formula by the type of thermal communication of Xi Qiang obtains:
i
wW×S
wW ...(16)
Crossing following formula by the type of thermal communication of Nan Qiang obtains:
i
wS×S
wS ...(17)
Crossing following formula by the type of thermal communication of north wall obtains:
i
wN×S
wN ...(18)
The caused hot-fluid Q owing to ventilate
AirUsually use above-mentioned parameter to obtain by following formula:
Q
air＝c
air·V
air·(T
ex-T
in)·N ...(19)
Heat from internal heat resource is represented with H.
The heat I that flows into buildings is by arriving formula (14) result, the hot-fluid Q of (18)
AirWith from the hot H addition of internal heat resource and obtain.Formulate is as follows:
I＝(i
r×S
r)+(i
wE×S
wE)+(i
wW×S
wW)+(i
wS×S
wS)+(i
wN×S
wN)+Q
air+H ...(20)
Obtain flowing into the heat I of buildings by above equation (20).Can conciliate by the above parameter that stable state is calculated the equation easily obtain representing hot loop.
The following describes and when hot-fluid is 0, how to obtain internal temperature T
In
From equation (11), obtain internal temperature T
InAs follows:
T
in＝T
ex+(a
r×I
r×r
rex)-i
r·(R
rc+r
in+r
rex)
When the hot-fluid considering internal heat resource H and cause by ventilation, obtain the internal temperature T of time point j by following equation (21)
In (j):
T
in(j)＝T
ex(j)+[H
(j)+∑{S
i·a
i·I
i(j)·r
iex/(r
ex+R
ic+r
iin)}]/[c
air·V
air·N
(j)+∑{S
i/r
iex+R
ic+r
iin}] ...(21)
In equation (21), ∑ represent to each the bracket in roof and north, south, east and the western wall in correspondence carry out result calculated and.
In equation (21), do not consider the thermal capacity of buildings.In order to improve measuring accuracy, preferably consider the thermal capacity of buildings.
When roof structure thermal capacity is C
r, wall construction thermal capacity is C
w, inner air thermal capacity is C
Air, and inner furniture thermal capacity is C
fThe time, generally obtain buildings thermal capacity C by following equation (22)
t:
C
t＝{(C
r+C
w)/2}+C
air+C
f ...(22)
Internal temperature when time point j place is T
In (j), external temperature is T
Ex (j), and the roof surface solar irradiance be I
R (j)The time, obtain flowing into the hot-fluid i of interior of building by the roof from equation (11)
R (j)As follows:
i
r(j)＝{(a
r×I
r(j)×r
rex)+(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))}/(R
rc+r
in+r
rex) ...(23)
When following equation (24) when being used to simplify:
r
rex+R
rc+r
rin＝1/k
r ...(24)
Equation (23) is expressed as follows:
i
r(j)＝k
r×{(a
r×I
r(j)×r
rex)+(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))} ...(25)
Can obtain respectively in a like fashion at time point j place by the hot-fluid i of north, south, east and Xi Qiang
WN (j), i
WS (j), i
WE (j)And i
WW (j)
When ventilation rate is N, obtain the hot-fluid Q that causes by ventilation at time point j place by following equation (26)
Air (j):
Q
air(j)＝C
air(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))·N
(j) ...(26)
From equation (20), obtain flowing into the heat I of buildings by following equation (27) at time point j place
(j):
I
(j)＝(i
r(j)×S
r)+(i
wE(j)×S
wE)+(i
wW(j)×S
wW)+(i
wS(j)×S
wS)+(i
wN(j)×S
wN)+Q
air(j)+H
(j) ...(27)
When following equation is used to simplify:
(i
r(j)×S
r)+(i
wE(j)×S
wE)+(i
wW(j)×S
wW)+(i
wS(j)×S
wS)+(i
wN(j)×S
wN)＝∑(i
i(j)×S
i)
Equation (27) is expressed as follows:
I
(j)＝∑(i
i(j)×S
i)+Q
air(j)+H
(j) ...(28)
From equation (25) and (26), equation (28) is expressed as follows:
I
(j)＝∑[k
i×S
i×{(a
i×I
i(j)×r
iex)+(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))}]+{C
air(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))·N
(j)}+H
(j) ...(29)
External temperature T
ExWith each lip-deep solar irradiance I
iBetween time point j and time point j+1, change continuously according to meteorological condition.Yet, at the external temperature T that locates near the time point (j+1) of time point j
ExBasic identical with hot-fluid I with time point j place.
Therefore, when
T
ex(j)＝T
ex(j+1)
I
I (j)=I
I (j+1)The time,
And when buildings thermal capacity is C
tThe time, the increment Delta T of the internal temperature between time point j and time point j+ Δ t (0＜Δ t＜1)
In (j)Be expressed as follows:
C
t·ΔT
in(j)＝[∑[k
i×S
i×{(a
i×I
i(j)×r
iex)+(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))}]+{C
air(T
ex(j)-T
in(j))·N
(j)}+H
(j)]·Δt ...(30)
As (T
Ex (j)-T
In (j)During)=x, as follows with the formal representation equation (30) of the differential equation:
{∑k
i×S
i×a
i×I
i(j)×r
iex+H
(j)}-{∑k
i×S
i+C
air×N
(j)}×x＝C
t·(dx/dt)
...(31)
When following equation (32) and (33) when being used to simplify:
∑k
i×S
i×a
i×I
i(j)×r
iex+H
(j)＝H
(j)′ ...(32)
∑k
i×S
i+C
air×N
(j)＝KS
(j) ...(33)
Equation (31) is expressed as follows:
H
(j)′+KS
(j)×x＝C
t·(dx/dt) ...(34)
Equation (34) can be deformed into following equation (34-1):
dx/{H
(j)′+KS
(j)×x}＝1/C
t·dt ...(34-1)
Equation (34-1) both sides are with multiply by KS
(j)Obtain following equation (34-2):
dx/{H
(j)′/KS
(j)+x}＝KS
(j)/C
t·dt ...(34-2)
Equation (34-2) can further be deformed into following equation (34-3):
dx/{-H
(j)′/KS
(j)-x}＝-(KS
(j)/C
t)·dt ...(34-3)
When using following integral formula (34-4) to the both sides integration of equation (34-3):
∫ { dx/ (a-x) }=-{ ln (a-x)+lnC} (C is an integration constant) ... (34-4)
And when Δ t=0 and integration constant C make T
In (j)=T
In (j+ Δ t)The time, obtain following equation (35):
T
in(j+Δt)＝T
ex(j)+H(j)′/KS
(j)-(T
ex(j)+H
(j)′/KS
(j)-T
in(j))exp(-KS
(j)/C
t·Δt) ...(35)
When Δ t=1, equation (35) is expressed as follows:
T
in(j+1)＝T
ex(j)+H
(j)′/KS
(j)-(T
ex(j)+H
(j)′/KS
(j)-T
in(j))exp(-KS
(j)/C
t) ...(36)
Can pass through is internal temperature T in equation (36)
InGive suitable initial value and come the simulated interior variation of temperature.The time interval between time point j and the time point j+1 is preferably between about 10 minutes and about one hour.
When not considering buildings thermal capacity C
tThe time, following equation (37) can be used for the simulated interior temperature T
In:
T
in(j)＝T
ex(j)+H
(j)′/KS
(j) ...(37)
By using equation (24), (32) and (33) rewrite equation (21), obtain equation (37).
Can simulate the roof surface temperature T from the following equation (38) that equation (12) obtains by use
RsVariation:
T
rs(j)＝T
in(j)+i
r(j)×(R
rc+r
rin) ...(38)
Can simulate ceiling temp T from the following equation (39) that equation (13) obtains by use
RcVariation:
T
rc(j)＝T
in(j)+i
r(j)×r
rin ...(39)
Calculation of Heat Load is handled
The following describes the exemplary process of calculation of Heat Load.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram that the exemplary process of calculation of Heat Load is shown.
In step S2-1, processing unit 112 is by coming design factor (1/k in conjunction with resulting thermal resistance value
i).By with resulting thermal resistance value r
Iex, R
IcAnd r
RinBe applied to equation (24) and obtain coefficient (1/k
i).
iRepresentative expression roof
r, expression Dong Qiang
WE, expression Xi Qiang
WW, expression Nan Qiang
WSWith the expression north wall
WN
In step S2-2, processing unit 112 is by calculating buildings thermal capacity C in conjunction with resulting thermal capacity value
tBy in equation (22) to C
r, C
wAnd C
fGive resulting thermal capacity value and calculate buildings thermal capacity C
t
In step S2-3, processing unit 112 is by using equation (32) and (33) incorporating parametric, and this parameter comprises the coefficient (1/k by obtaining in conjunction with thermal resistance
i) and the buildings thermal capacity C that obtains
t
In step S2-4, processing unit 112 is reset to 0 with time point j.
In step S2-5, processing unit 112 obtains the parameter at time point j place.In step S2-6, processing unit 112 is used the parameter that obtains in equation (36), thus the internal temperature T that calculates at time point j+1 place
In (j+1)
In step S2-7, processing unit 112 judges whether to have finished whole calculating.If do not finish, then processing unit 112 increases progressively the value of j in step S2-8, repeats the step that begins from step S2-5.When having finished whole calculating, processing unit 112 display result.
Analog result
The following describes the example that uses the simulation that above-mentioned heat prognoses system carries out.
Fig. 6 is the table that is illustrated in the structural condition of the buildings that uses in the typical simulation.Fig. 7 is the table that is illustrated in the interior condition of the buildings that uses in the typical simulation.Fig. 8 is the table of typical meteorological condition that is illustrated in the place at the buildings place of using in the typical simulation.Fig. 9 is the figure that is illustrated in the computing in the typical simulation.Figure 10 is the curve map that the result of typical internal temperature simulation is shown.
In this typical simulation, use the warehouse in Koriyama city, Japanese Fukushima county.18.5 ℃ of the internal temperatures that will measure at 24:00 on June 13 are as initial value.
By using structural condition shown in Figure 6 in the equation shown in (A) in Fig. 9, obtain as thermal resistance and parameter (1/k
i).
By using interior condition shown in Figure 7 in the equation shown in (B) in Fig. 9, obtain buildings thermal capacity C
t
Parameter when being applied in time point j=0 in the equation (32) shown in (C) in Fig. 9 and (33) obtains Parameter H
(j=0)' and KS
(j=0)
By using the initial internal temperature T in the equation (36) shown in (D) in Fig. 9
In (j=0)=18.5 ℃ of Parameter H that obtain with (C) in Fig. 9
(j=0)' and KS
(j=0), obtain the internal temperature T at a distance of the time point of 1 hour (Δ t) with time point j=0
In (j=1)As implied above, can predict internal temperature T by using in the parameter of time point j=0 (24:00 on June 13) at time point j=1 (1:00 on June 14)
In (j=1)
In a similar manner, can obtain internal temperature T by being applied in the parameter at time point j=1 place in the equation shown in (E) in Fig. 9 (equivalent equation of equation (36)) at time point j=j+1=2 place
In (j=2)In addition, the internal temperature T that can predict similarly at later time point j
In (j)
In Figure 10, mark zero is represented per hour predicting the outcome of above typical internal temperature simulation.
According to the result of the typical internal temperature simulation of present embodiment illustrate with in Figure 10 by mark ● the approximately uniform temperature variation of the actual measured results of expression.This result shows that the heat Forecasting Methodology can be carried out internal temperature simulation accurately according to an embodiment of the invention.In identical curve map, mark △ illustrates the internal temperature Simulation result of not considering that buildings thermal capacity is carried out, and they are significantly different with actual measured results, and is therefore inaccurate.From above result obviously as can be seen, in order to simulate accurately, should consider for example parameter of the thermal capacity of meteorological condition and buildings.Line in the curve map illustrates external temperature T
ExVariation.
Temperature T
InThe prediction of variation make it possible to estimate coating 212 and 222.
Effect
In the heat Forecasting Methodology of using hot loop to calculate according to the embodiment of the invention, calculate hot-fluid respectively by roof He Bei, south, east and Xi Qiang, the hot-fluid that causes by ventilation, and from the hot-fluid of internal heat resource; These hot-fluids of calculating are sued for peace to obtain total thermal load of object.Use this heat Forecasting Methodology, can calculate by stable state and calculate hot-fluid at an easy rate.
Other
In above embodiment, simulated internal temperature T
InYet,, can be applied to simulate and for example can use hot loop to come the ceiling temp and the wall surface temperature of accounting temperature according to the heat Forecasting Methodology of the embodiment of the invention.In addition, can also calculate the power consumption of air-conditioning equipment from the result of heat flux simulation.
In above embodiment, calculated the thermal load of buildings.Yet the present invention can also be applied to the thermal load of any other structure of calculated example such as highway.
Figure 11 is the figure that the typical method of the thermal load of calculating highway is shown.
Typical highway shown in Figure 11 has hierarchy, wherein roadbed (road bed) 312 is arranged on the soil 311, road surface bearing stratum (road base) 313 is arranged on the roadbed 312, basal plane (base pavement) 314 and surface 315 are arranged on the road surface bearing stratum 313, form coating 316 on surface 315.
In the typical heat loop of highway shown in Figure 11, as soil thermal resistance Rr1, the road structure thermal resistance Rr2 of the thermal resistance of soil 311, as road surface bearing stratum thermal resistance Rr3, basal plane structure thermal resistance Rr4 and the surface heat transfer resistance r of the thermal resistance of road surface bearing stratum 313
RexTemperature T externally
ExWith subsurface temperature T
InBetween be connected in series.Use above hot loop, can with the mode identical with buildings predict by highway the layer hot-fluid.The prediction of hot-fluid to the layer by highway makes it possible to estimate coating 316.
As mentioned above, the temperature variation of the embodiment of the invention in not only can predict good, hot-fluid etc. can also be predicted the temperature variation of any other object of highway for example and hot-fluid etc.
The invention is not restricted to disclosed specific embodiment, in not departing from the scope of the present invention, can make variation and distortion.
First to file 2005-198760 number, its full content is hereby incorporated by the application based on the Japan of submitting on July 7th, 2005.
Claims (15)
1. a method of predicting the heat that flows into object comprises the steps:
The hot loop of the hot-fluid of the described object of design expression inflow and the equation of representing described hot loop;
Obtain the parameter of described equation;
Described parameter is applied to described equation; And
Find the solution the heat of described equation with the described object of prediction inflow.
2. prediction according to claim 1 flows into the method for the heat of object, it is characterized in that, when the hot-fluid that flows into described object is that i, solar absorptance are that a, solar irradiance are that I, external temperature are T
Ex, internal temperature is T
In, the outside of described object and the thermal resistance of the structure between the inside be R
c, inner structure resistance of heat transfer be r
In, and the resistance of heat transfer of external structure be r
ExThe time, represent that the The Representation Equation of described hot loop is as follows: i={ (a * I * r
Ex)+(T
Ex-T
In)/(R
c+ r
In+ r
Ex).
3. prediction according to claim 1 flows into the method for the heat of object, it is characterized in that the variation of described heat is predicted by following step:
(a) obtain the two or more groups parameter, every group of parameter is corresponding to a time point;
(b) wherein one group of parameter is applied to described equation;
(c) find the solution described equation, thereby obtain to flow into the described hot-fluid of described object at corresponding time point;
(d), obtain described heat at later time point based on the described hot-fluid that in step (c), obtains; And
(e) repeating step (b) is to (d), and the number of times of repetition is identical with the group number of described parameter.
4. prediction according to claim 1 flows into the method for the heat of object, it is characterized in that the internal temperature when time point j place is T
In (j), time point j+1 place internal temperature be T
In (j+1), time point j place external temperature be T
Ex (j), to state the parameter that the structural condition of the object parameter relevant with interior condition obtain by combination and time point j place be H
(j) 'And KS
(j), and the thermal capacity of described object be C
tThe time, the internal temperature T at time point j+1 place
In (j+1)Following calculating: T
In (j+1)=T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-(T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-T
In (j)) exp (KS
(j)/ C
t).
5. prediction according to claim 4 flows into the method for the heat of object, it is characterized in that, the time interval between described time point j and the described time point j+1 at about ten minutes to about one hour scope.
6. a system that predicts the heat that flows into object uses the hot loop of the hot-fluid of representing the described object of inflow and the equation of representing described hot loop therein, and this system comprises:
Acquiring unit is used to obtain the parameter of described equation; And
Processing unit is used for described parameter is applied to described equation, and finds the solution described equation flows into described object with prediction heat.
7. prediction according to claim 6 flows into the system of the heat of object, it is characterized in that, when the hot-fluid that flows into described object is that i, solar absorptance are that a, solar irradiance are that I, external temperature are T
Ex, internal temperature is T
In, the outside of described object and the thermal resistance of the structure between the inside be R
c, inner structure resistance of heat transfer be r
In, and the resistance of heat transfer of external structure be r
ExThe time, represent that the The Representation Equation of described hot loop is as follows: i={ (a * I * r
Ex)+(T
Ex-T
In)/(R
c+ r
In+ r
Ex).
8. prediction according to claim 6 flows into the system of the heat of object, it is characterized in that the variation of described heat is predicted by following step:
(a) obtain the two or more groups parameter, every group of parameter is corresponding to a time point;
(b) wherein one group of parameter is applied to described equation;
(c) find the solution described equation, thereby obtain to flow into the described hot-fluid of described object at corresponding time point;
(d), obtain described heat at later time point based on the described hot-fluid that in step (c), obtains; And
(e) repeating step (b) is to (d), and the number of times of repetition is identical with the group number of described parameter.
9. prediction according to claim 6 flows into the system of the heat of object, it is characterized in that the internal temperature when time point j place is T
In (j), time point j+1 place internal temperature be T
In (j+1), time point j place external temperature be T
Ex (j), to state the parameter that the structural condition of the object parameter relevant with interior condition obtain by combination and time point j place be H
(j) 'And KS
(j), and the thermal capacity of described object be C
tThe time, the internal temperature T at time point j+1 place
In (j+1)Following calculating: T
In (j+1)=T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-(T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-T
In (j)) exp (KS
(j)/ C
t).
10. prediction according to claim 9 flows into the system of the heat of object, it is characterized in that, the time interval between described time point j and the described time point j+1 at about ten minutes to about one hour scope.
11. a recording medium includes in it and is used to make computer forecast to flow into the program of the heat of object, described program comprises:
The first code unit, the hot loop of the hot-fluid of the described object of its design expression inflow and the equation of representing described hot loop;
The second code unit, it obtains the parameter of described equation;
Third generation code element, it is applied to described equation with described parameter; And
The 4th code unit, it finds the solution described equation flows into described object with prediction heat.
12. recording medium according to claim 11 is characterized in that, when the hot-fluid that flows into described object is that i, solar absorptance are that a, solar irradiance are that I, external temperature are T
Ex, internal temperature is T
In, the outside of described object and the thermal resistance of the structure between the inside be R
c, inner structure resistance of heat transfer be r
In, and the resistance of heat transfer of external structure be r
ExThe time, represent that the The Representation Equation of described hot loop is as follows: i={ (a * I * r
Ex)+(T
Ex-T
In)/(R
c+ r
In+ r
Ex).
13. recording medium according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the variation of described heat is predicted by following step:
(a) obtain the two or more groups parameter, every group of parameter is corresponding to a time point;
(b) wherein one group of parameter is applied to described equation;
(c) find the solution described equation, thereby obtain to flow into the described hot-fluid of described object at corresponding time point;
(d), obtain described heat at later time point based on the described hot-fluid that in step (c), obtains; And
(e) repeating step (b) is to (d), and the number of times of repetition is identical with the group number of described parameter.
14. recording medium according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the internal temperature when time point j place is T
In (j), time point j+1 place internal temperature be T
In (j+1), time point j place external temperature be T
Ex (j), to state the parameter that the structural condition of the object parameter relevant with interior condition obtain by combination and time point j place be H
(j) 'And KS
(j), and the thermal capacity of described object be C
tThe time, the internal temperature T at time point j+1 place
In (j+1)Following calculating: T
In (j+1)=T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-(T
Ex (j)+ H
(j) '/ KS
(j)-T
In (j)) exp (KS
(j)/ C
t).
15. recording medium according to claim 14 is characterized in that, the time interval between described time point j and the described time point j+1 at about ten minutes to about one hour scope.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005198760 | 2005-07-07 | ||
| JP2005198760A JP4141462B2 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2005-07-07 | Calorie prediction method, calorie prediction system, and calorie prediction program |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1892205A true CN1892205A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=37597298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100902561A Pending CN1892205A (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | Heat amount prediction method, heat amount prediction system, and recording medium having heat amount prediction program |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070018133A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4141462B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1892205A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY145963A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG128675A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103605853A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-26 | 国家电网公司 | Circuit model simulating building thermal energy |
| CN104699991A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grey system theory-based method of predicting annual heat supply of urban heating system |
| CN106461251A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-02-22 | 株式会社架桥科技 | Method of estimating indoor heating and cooling loads by using estimated insolation |
| CN110097217A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of building dynamic Room Temperature Prediction method based on equivalent RC model |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4925137B2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2012-04-25 | 大日本塗料株式会社 | Thermal insulation effect simulation program and thermal insulation effect simulation system |
| JP2011065238A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-31 | Ecogold Co Ltd | In-structure temperature calculation method and program for executing the calculation method |
| JP6016195B2 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2016-10-26 | 株式会社大林組 | Heat load calculation data creation method |
| KR101414062B1 (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2014-07-09 | 주식회사 트러스트엔지니어링 | Caloric Collection System |
| JP6612675B2 (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2019-11-27 | 日本アビオニクス株式会社 | Building exterior wall diagnostic aptitude determination device |
| CN112700033B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-05-09 | 浙江中控技术股份有限公司 | Gas heat value estimation method and device based on combustion time sequence model |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5067820A (en) * | 1990-06-19 | 1991-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Radionuclide calorimeter system |
| WO1995025603A1 (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-09-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Boiling enhancement coating |
| JPH08189909A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-07-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method and device for simulating heat flow characteristic |
| JPH10288376A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-27 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | Air conditioning monitor controller |
| US6758430B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2004-07-06 | Aesop, Inc. | Method of winding motors and other electric machines to reduce AC losses |
| JP3375603B2 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2003-02-10 | 勝夫 三木 | How to measure the calorie of thermal barrier paint |
| JP2002267235A (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Thermal load estimating method and air-conditioning energy evaluating method |
| JP3680040B2 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2005-08-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | heat pipe |
| US7264323B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2007-09-04 | Codonics, Inc. | Achieving laser-quality medical hardcopy output from thermal print devices |
-
2005
- 2005-07-07 JP JP2005198760A patent/JP4141462B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-07-07 SG SG200604588A patent/SG128675A1/en unknown
- 2006-07-07 US US11/482,621 patent/US20070018133A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-07 MY MYPI20063241A patent/MY145963A/en unknown
- 2006-07-07 CN CNA2006100902561A patent/CN1892205A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103605853A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-26 | 国家电网公司 | Circuit model simulating building thermal energy |
| CN103605853B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 国家电网公司 | Circuit model simulating building thermal energy |
| CN106461251A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-02-22 | 株式会社架桥科技 | Method of estimating indoor heating and cooling loads by using estimated insolation |
| CN106461251B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2019-05-10 | 株式会社架桥科技 | Utilize the indoor cooling and heating load prediction technique of prediction insolation amount |
| CN104699991A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grey system theory-based method of predicting annual heat supply of urban heating system |
| CN104699991B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-11-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Urban heating system year heating load Forecasting Methodology based on gray system theory |
| CN110097217A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-06 | 天津大学 | A kind of building dynamic Room Temperature Prediction method based on equivalent RC model |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG128675A1 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
| MY145963A (en) | 2012-05-31 |
| US20070018133A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| JP2007017265A (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| JP4141462B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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