CN1870891A - Controlling plant pathogens and pests with applied or induced auxins - Google Patents
Controlling plant pathogens and pests with applied or induced auxins Download PDFInfo
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- CN1870891A CN1870891A CN200480030911.3A CN200480030911A CN1870891A CN 1870891 A CN1870891 A CN 1870891A CN 200480030911 A CN200480030911 A CN 200480030911A CN 1870891 A CN1870891 A CN 1870891A
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to methods for inhibiting the growth of disease organisms, particularly fungi and bacteria, on plant tissues. The present invention is also directed to methods for inhibiting the infestation of plants by insects and larva, particularly sucking and chewing insects. These methods are achieved by applying an auxin or a plant growth regulator (PGR) which will effect the level of auxin in the plant tissue to the seeds or tubers of the plant prior to planting or to the roots, foliage, flowers or fruit of the plant after planting. The auxin or PGR is applied in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the disease organisms or insects, but in an amount insufficient to negatively effect growth of the plant tissues. The auxin may be applied as a natural auxin, synthetic auxin, auxin metabolite, auxin precursor, auxin derivative or a mixture thereof. The presently preferred auxin is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The auxin or PGR may be applied to the seeds, tubers or plant tissues. Seeds or tubers may be sprayed with or immersed in an aqueous solution containing the auxin or PGR. Conventional spraying and drip irrigation systems may be used to apply an aqueous solution containing an auxin or PGR to plant tissues. The auxin or PGR may also be applied to the plant tissues as a powder or may be encapsulated within a biologically compatible material to provide slow release to the roots of the plant. The plant tissues may be dusted with a powder, including the auxin or PGR. The encapsulated auxin may be placed in the root zone for uptake of the auxin or PGR by the roots.
Description
Background of invention
I. invention field
The present invention relates generally to improve the method for plant to the resistance of pathogenic organisms invasion and attack under the situation of not negative effect plant growing.More clearly, the present invention relates to improve the method for plant to the resistance of pathogenic organisms invasion and attack by growth hormone or the another kind of plant growth regulator that will influence growth hormone level in the plant tissue of using effective dose, described pathogenic organisms comprises fungi, bacterium and insect.
II. background is described
Agricultural fungicides is used to control harmful fungi, bacterium and insect population.These compounds make the commercialization grower can control the lasting invasion and attack to its crop of these pathogenic organisms and insect.Similarly, confidential house-owner and interim gardener can control these insects.Although the past that is applied in of these conventional chemical product is valuable, along with the enhancing of environmental consciousness, the grower of commercialization in the future can not continue use of insecticide with same ratio.Therefore, need by strengthen and the natural protection process of stimulating plant with the improvement of control disease and insect infestations method.
Plant hormone is found and studies for many years.Plant hormone can be divided into five classes: growth hormone, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethene.For a long time ethene is associated with fruit maturation and leaves.Abscisic acid causes hibernaculum formation, inspires seed dormancy, and the control stomatal movement is also induced the leaf aging.Gibberellin mainly is gibberellic acid, relates to breaking seed dormancy and stimulating cell elongation on the stem.Known gibberellin also causes ground controlled approach to be stretched to normal size.The basic element of cell division, for example, zeatin mainly results from plant roots.The basic element of cell division stimulates the growth of lower lateral bud on the stem, and delay plant wears out to promote to stretch cell division and leaf also.Also by producing the level that merismatic new growth improves growth hormone, growth hormone synthesizes in described meristematic tissue (menstematictissue) basic element of cell division.Growth hormone, mainly be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promote division and cell elongation the two, and keep apical dominance.Growth hormone also stimulates the diauxic growth of vascular cambium, the formation of inducing adventitious root and promotion fruit growth.
Growth hormone and cell division have complex interactions.The ratio of the known growth hormone and the basic element of cell division will be controlled the cell differentiation in the tissue culture.(shoot apex) synthesizes growth hormone on the branch top, and the basic element of cell division is mainly synthetic at butt.Therefore, the ratio of the growth hormone and the basic element of cell division is high in branch usually, and low in root.If change the ratio of the growth hormone and the basic element of cell division by the relative quantity that increases growth hormone, then root growth is stimulated.On the other hand, if change the ratio of the growth hormone and the basic element of cell division by the relative quantity that increases the basic element of cell division, then shoot growth is stimulated.
Modal naturally occurring growth hormone is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).Yet known other synthetic growth hormone comprises indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); Methyl (NAA); 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T or orange agent (agent orange)).Although these are taken as synthetic growth hormone, will be appreciated that certain natural being present in the plant tissue of IBA.Be used as weed killer herbicide the many recent decades in these synthetic auxins, causes acceleration and excessive plant growing, plant death subsequently.When being widely used in by AUS and air force, orange agent is subjected to extensive concern when forest harvesting is used in the Vietnam War.2,4-D has lasting application at many commercially available weed killer herbicides that are used for the gardener of family.
Compound-base in they in plant biologically active and be classified as growth hormone.The main activity of classification comprises stimulating cellular growth and elongation.Growth hormone began to be studied from 19th century.Charles Darwin notice the grass coleoptile grow to unidirectional light source.He finds to betide to the growth response of light source bending the vitellarium of bottom, plant top, even described top has received light stimulus.Darwin proposes have a kind of chemical signal to transmit between plant top and vitellarium.This signal was accredited as growth hormone afterwards.
All plants all need the growth hormone of certain ratio, and promptly IAA makes cell division with the basic element of cell division.Although described ratio can be different, as everyone knows for cell division, the IAA in apical meristem and the ratio of the basic element of cell division are necessarily much larger than the ratio in the root meristematic tissue.Each part of plant needs the ratio of the different IAA and the basic element of cell division so that cell division.For example, the cell division of stem, fruit, seed (grain) and other plant part can need different ratios.In fact, being used for the fissional described ratio of apical meristem according to estimates can be quite high, and in fact, the essential ratio of beguine cell division is high 1000 times.Though also do not know the mechanism that this ratio is determined, other hormone may be relevant with its impression with enzyme.
Plant can resist the disease when about 68 grow down to about 87 (about 21-30 ℃) and the invasion and attack of insect.Supposition plant in this temperature range produces the growth hormone, particularly IAA of capacity, to keep normal growth.Although desirable temperature is different with different species, crop plants is typically grown preferably in aforementioned range.Though temperature is an important factor, will be appreciated that other environmental factor also can influence cell division.The water capacity of plant, nutritional status (particularly can utilize the level of nitrogen) shines luminous intensity on plant and the age of plant, with temperature, all influence the ability that plant produces plant hormone, described plant hormone comprises is arranging the fissional IAA and the basic element of cell division.
More than temperature is elevated to about 90 (about 31 ℃) or drop to about 68 (21 ℃) when following, plant growing and cell division are slowed down.And, the susceptibility of the invasion and attack of pathogenic organisms is increased, described pathogenic organisms comprises fungi, bacterium and insect.When temperature further when raising more than about 90 and below about 68 , descending, the synthetic acceleration of IAA and other plant hormone descends.Therefore, more than about 100 , obtain new cell growth and become difficult, if not impossible words.Similarly, temperature significantly drops to about 68 cell decreased growth and thereupon stopping when following.
Possessing under the normal growth condition of sufficient humidity and temperature, promptly temperature is between about 70 and 90 , and plant will produce abundant IAA.IAA has suppressed the normal cell division in the pathogenic microorganisms with respect to the height ratio of the basic element of cell division and the existence of other hormone.Cell division may further be stoped by other inhibition compounds of IAA and the generation of other plant hormone.More than temperature is elevated to about 90 or drop to about 68 when following, the ability that plant produces IAA reduces rapidly.Infer that the ratio of IAA pair cell mitogen drops to certain level when IAA is synthetic when descending, wherein some or all in these microorganisms can among the host plant or on breed and get food.Be understood that different microorganisms will need the ratio of different IAA pair cell mitogens to divide with irritation cell.Therefore, should estimate with the plant root to be the ratio of the causal organism of the food IAA pair cell mitogen lower with plant top than the biology needs that are food.Therefore, need the microorganism of higher level IAA can attack the top plant tissue, for example, apical meristem and leaf texture, the there exists higher IAA level.Similarly, need the pathogenic organisms of lower IAA level, for example, soil passes the root disease, may attack the root of the lower IAA level of wherein existence.
When plant grows in humidity abundance, temperature ideal and nitrogenous fertilizer abundant following time of condition fast, growth hormone is transported out in their tissue of metabolism effectively and is moved down in plant.This has caused distributing again of growth hormone and has reduced growth hormone level in the tissue that produces growth hormone.The result is the tissue of growth hormone level deficiency.Dominant these tissues of gibberellin are very responsive to the invasion and attack of disease and insect now.
Weather conditions also promote plant to produce more growth hormone at apical meristem.Yet, have stage of some weather conditions and plant growing, its cause these growth hormone fast moving to go out neonatal cell and by transhipment downwards to the base portion of plant.Therefore, the growth hormone synthesis condition in the plant corpus should not be unique consideration content.The influence that is present in the growth hormone transhipment of inside plants also is important.Operation to the obstruction growth hormone transhipment of any kind of plant will make plant tissue keep a large amount of growth hormone in over a long time.
All plant diseases are all caused by microorganism.The major microorganisms that causes the plant pathology problem is fungi and bacterium.These microorganisms, as plant, the IAA that needs some is to carry out cell division.As plant, different microorganisms needs the IAA of varying number to be used for cell division.Those differences can be interpreted as the different parts of the different floristics of what different microbiological attack and those plants of invasion and attack.By being food with host plant or its part with required IAA concentration, these species specific invasion and attack may will provide the IAA of proper level to stimulate quick cell division to microorganism.Therefore, if the ratio of IAA pair cell mitogen and other hormone is increased to the level required above pathogenic microorganisms, just can strengthen resistance to these pathogenic organisms.Can obtain this rising by extra growth hormone is provided to plant.
By the level of growth hormone in the controlling plant tissue, the most common is IAA, can strengthen the ability of plant opposing pathogene and insect infestations.Can use extra growth hormone or other hormone that will influence growth hormone level in the tissue comes the controlling plant disease by the plant under coercing.Perhaps, can reach same effect by other plant hormone of using growth hormone level in the influence tissue.For example, the basic element of cell division or other hormone uses influence to the generation of growth hormone in the plant and/or the adjusting of transhipment.Like this, use other plant growth regulator, the basic element of cell division for example can be used to control the level of growth hormone in the plant.Therefore the control of disease and insect can realize not needing environment for use to be harmful under the situation of insecticide by other the hormone of using naturally occurring or synthetic growth hormone and maybe will influence the growth hormone level.
Those skilled in the art improve the resistance of plant to pathogenic organisms in the eco-friendly method of searching for a long time, and described pathogenic organisms comprises phytopathogen, for example fungi and bacterium, and insect, for example insect and their larva.Therefore, there are needs that are not satisfied for a long time to this method.The invention solves this demand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to suppress on the plant tissue or among the method for pathogenic organisms invasion and attack.These biologies can comprise phytopathogen, and for example fungi and bacterium, and insect, for example insect and larva thereof, described insect comprise that thorn inhales the class insect and chew the class insect.
In the method for the invention,, comprise the amount of the growth of phytopathogen and insect, use growth hormone to plant tissue with these biologies of effective inhibition.But the quantity not sufficient that described growth hormone is used is with the growth of negative effect plant tissue.Perhaps, can use other plant growth regulator (PGRs), it plays a role by level or the effectiveness that changes the endogenous or the growth hormone of using.
Described growth hormone is selected from the group of being made up of natural auxin, synthetic auxin, growth hormone metabolite, auxin precursor, growth hormone derivative and their mixture.Preferred growth hormone is natural auxin, most preferably is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).The preferred synthetic auxin of this paper is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).Perhaps, can be by using plant growth regulator or hormone, for example the basic element of cell division or gibberellic acid are realized the growth hormone level is controlled within the required range.
In the method for the invention, growth hormone or PGR are applied to seed or the stem tuber of plant before plantation.Perhaps, described growth hormone or PGR are applied to the root of plant after plantation, leaf, flower or fruit.When being applied to seed or stem tuber, preferably use growth hormone to the ratio of about 0.028 gram growth hormone/double centner seed weight with about 0.0028.When being applied to potato tubers, can calculate use ratio make the result by about 0.0125 to about 2.8 the gram growth hormone/hectares planted stem tuber.When the root that imposes on plant, leaf, flower or fruit, should use growth hormone to the ratio in about 0.06 gram growth hormone/hectare/sky with about 0.0002.In the vegetative period that prolongs, may need repeatedly to use.
Growth hormone or PGR can use with aqueous solution form or powder type.When using with aqueous solution form, this solution can be applied to plant tissue by the spraying or the irrigation technique of routine.Described solution can also comprise metal, and described metal is selected from by alkaline earth metal, transition metal, the group that boron and composition thereof is formed.Preferred these metals are selected from by calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, and composition thereof the group formed.Seed or stem tuber can be handled by spraying or by immersing in these solution before plantation.The method of preferably using PGRs is to use with boron-containing solution.Boron tends to stablize the growth hormone in the plant tissue that is applied these solution.
Growth hormone and PGRs can also use with the form of dry powder.In such using, growth hormone or PGR mix with Environmental compatibility and biocompatible substance.Powder can utilize conventional dusting method to be applied to leaf, flower or the fruit of plant.Perhaps, thus powder can be encapsulated in the biocompatible substance on placing the seed of plant, stem tuber or root or near the time slowly-releasing is provided.Exemplary biocompatible substance comprises clay, brown coal, resin, siloxanes and their mixture.
Method of the present invention comprises that growth hormone or the PGR by use effective dose to plant tissue suppresses pathogenic organisms, for example bacterium and fungi growth.Growth can be included, but not limited to be selected from those of the family that comprises Fusarium (Fusarium), Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia), Pythium (pythium) and Phytophthora by the fungi that these methods suppressed.Can be included, but not limited to Erwinia (Erwinia) and pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) by the bacterium that these methods are controlled.Include, but not limited to thorn and inhale class insect (sucking insects) and chew class insect (chewing insects) by using insect that growth hormone controls or suppress.The example that thorn is inhaled the class insect comprises mite class, Phytophthira, thrips class, trialeurodes vaporariorum (white fly), leafhopper class (leaf hoppers), fleahopper class (flea hoppers) and scale insect (scaling insects).The example of chewing the class insect comprises Lepidoptera and Helidoceras.
At last, the present invention includes the seed and the stem tuber that are used to produce plant, with in effective inhibition plant tissue or the amount that goes up the growth of pest on the surface of described seed and stem tuber, scattered growth hormone, but described quantity not sufficient is with the growth of negative effect plant tissue.Perhaps, can use plant growth regulator, for example, the plant hormone such as the basic element of cell division or gibberellic acid, its level or effectiveness by the influence growth hormone of using plays a role.This class PGR should intersperse among on seed or the stem tuber surface with the amount of effectively the growth hormone level being controlled within the required range.
Found that method of the present invention significantly strengthens the resistance of plant to pathogenic organisms and insect infestations.Importantly, the resistance enhancing to disease and insect infestations is what to realize under the situation of not using environmentally harmful fungicide and insecticide.Method of the present invention has strengthened the resistance of plant to pathogenic organisms and insect infestations by using naturally occurring or synthetic growth hormone or other plant hormone, and described other plant hormone is regulated endogenous in environmentally safe mode or the level of the growth hormone used or effectiveness and play a role.Therefore, that be felt for a long time but unredeemedly the demand of the eco-friendly method of the resistance of disease and insect infestations is met to strengthening plant.These and other valuable characteristic of the present invention and advantage will be familiar with more fully by the following detailed description and claim.
The accompanying drawing summary
The advantage of other characteristic of the present invention and expection by with reference to following description together with attached chart with easier explanation, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram, and it for example understands the germination rate of dry vegetalbe beans (dry bean), described dry vegetalbe beans before plantation according to the present invention with conventional fungicide and/or comprise that the plant growth regulator of growth hormone handles, sum up as Table I;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram, it for example understands three (3) days observed percentage that the plant of disease is arranged in back of dry vegetalbe beans sprouting, described dry vegetalbe beans before plantation according to the present invention with conventional fungicide and/or comprise that the plant growth regulator of growth hormone handles, sum up as Table II;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram, it for example understands six (6) days observed percentage that the plant of disease is arranged in back of dry vegetalbe beans sprouting, described dry vegetalbe beans before plantation according to the present invention with conventional fungicide and/or comprise that the plant growth regulator of growth hormone handles, sum up as Table III; With
Fig. 4 is a block diagram, it for example understands seven (7) days observed quantity that the plant of disease is arranged in back of dry vegetalbe beans sprouting, described dry vegetalbe beans before plantation according to the present invention with conventional fungicide and/or comprise that the plant growth regulator of growth hormone handles, sum up as Table IV.
Though the present invention will describe together with this paper embodiment preferred, should be appreciated that this and unintentionally the present invention is limited to those embodiments.On the contrary, it means that covering can be contained in all changes, modification and the equivalent in the defined spirit of the present invention of accompanying Claim.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to suppress on the plant tissue or among pathogenic growth and comprise insect and the insect of larva to the method that infects of plant. The exemplary disease that can comprise that by the pathogen that method of the present invention suppresses the growth by fungus and bacterium causes. The insect that can use method of the present invention to control comprises thorn suction class insect and chews the class insect.
In the method for the invention, use auxin with the amount of the growth of establishment pathogenic organisms to plant tissue, described pathogenic organisms comprises pathogen or insect. When the auxin of the amount of using the growth that is enough to suppress these biologies, its amount of application must be not enough to plant tissue growth is had a negative impact. Perhaps, the level of endogenic or the auxin used or effectiveness can be controlled and drop on those ranges. This controlling can be by using other plant growth regulator (PGRs) with effective dose, for example, plant hormone such as the basic element of cell division and gibberellic acid are realized.
The useful auxin of method of the present invention is selected from by natural auxin synthetic auxin, auxin metabolin, auxin precursor, the group of auxin derivative and their compositions of mixtures. Preferred auxin is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a kind of natural auxin. Preferred synthetic auxin is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Other typical synthetic auxin that can be used for method of the present invention comprises indolepopionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, phenylacetic acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA), 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-amino-3,4,5-trichloropyridine formic acid and their mixture. Also can use other by the level of the auxin that changes endogenous in the plant tissue or use or the auxin that effectiveness plays a role. These hormones (PGRs) can comprise ethene, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, abscisic acid, Brassinosteroids, jasmonate, salicylic acid and their precursor and derivative.
In the method for the invention, auxin or PGR are applied to seed or the stem tuber of plant before plantation. Perhaps, auxin or PGR are applied to root, leaf, flower or the fruit of plant after plantation. When being applied to seed or stem tuber, for example, when being applied to respectively the seed of beans or potato ball, auxin should be used to the ratio of the per 100/ kilogram of seed weight of about 0.028 gram auxin with about 0.0028. In a more preferred embodiment, auxin is applied to seed with about 0.016 ratio to about 0.112 gram auxin/100 kilogram seed weight, for example legume-seeds. On the other hand, when being applied to potato tubers, auxin should be used as about 0.125 to the ratio of about 2.8 gram auxin/stem tubers that hectare is planted take the result. In a more preferred embodiment, the ratio that is applied to potato tubers should cause about 0.125 to about 0.28 gram auxin/stem tuber that hectare is planted. When the root that imposes on plant, leaf, flower or fruit, auxin should be used to the ratio in about 0.06 gram auxin/hectare/sky with about 0.0002, more preferably uses with about 0.002 to about 0.01 ratio that restrains auxin/hectare/sky. Use can based on plant experience coerce and observe infect and in growth period, carry out in a series of date. The ratio that should be in the level of the auxin that is enough to make endogenous and/or used in the scope of regulation is used another kind of PGR.
Auxin or PGR can use with form or the powder type of the aqueous solution. When using with aqueous solution form, this solution can contain metal, and described metal is selected from by alkaline-earth metal, transition metal, the group of boron and their compositions of mixtures. Preferred metal comprises calcium, zinc, and copper, manganese, boron, and composition thereof. Most preferably calcium and boron. When being included, metal can about 0.001 to about 10.0 percentage by weights, preferably exist from about 0.001 scope to about 5.0 percentage by weights. The method of preferably using PGRs is to use with boron-containing solution, and described boron-containing solution includes up to the boron of about 10.0 percentage by weights. Boron will trend towards stablizing the auxin in the plant tissue that has been applied these solution.
Metal, preferred boron, with PGR jointly use the useful life that has as if prolonged PGR, therefore allow the repetitive administration interval of more growing. Boron as if by suppress the oxidasic activity of IAA-and or synthetic promoted add the effectiveness of IAA, this had both comprised that the life-span also comprised activity, the described IAA-oxidizing ferment IAA that degrades in plant. But oxidation resistant vitamin C boron strengthens the part of the mechanism of IAA activity. Cell wall structure, RNA metabolism, the DNA that boron also strengthens in the plant transhipment, Cell wall synthesis, lignifying of sugar, connect by its boric acid ester bond is synthetic, phenol metabolism, film function and IAA metabolism. In addition, known boron is regulated respiration. Reproductive growth is higher than the demand of nourishing and growing to boron to the demand of boron. Boron and auxin interact, especially in cell elongation, such as pollen tube, in trichome and other cell. Boron also stimulates auxin-responsive type plasma membrane NADH-oxidizing ferment, and is essential to the proton release of the iron cyanide in the auxin stimulating plant cell-induce. The part of the rhamnose galacturonic acid glycan II dimer during the primary wall in boron or somatoblast such as the tip of a root, trichome or the pollen tube forms (linking to each other by two-ester bond) encytosis mechanism. Therefore, the cell elongation of the cell division of boron and auxin-mediation and auxin-mediation is relevant. At last, it is reported that boron has antimycotic and antibacterial activity. Therefore, think PGRs with the using of boron, will improve PGR to suppressing the effectiveness of insect and pathogen infection in the plant.
Auxin can be transported by apical meristem from growing plants in a downward direction. When adding,, auxin mixed with B solution, its kept the higher IAA concentration in the apical meristem and may reduce its in plant downwards to extracellular transhipment. That is to say that auxin will reduce the IAA oxidizing ferment with mixing of suitable B solution and keep the auxin of higher level in plant tissue. This is very important to auxin being remained on sufficiently high level with control insect and disease. In order to help plant to become insect and disease are more had resistance, this can be method for optimizing from auxin to plant tissue that use. The suitable auxin amount that this will guarantee in all plant tissues always makes it aspect cell division activity be arranged more in control insect and pathogenic spore.
When using with aqueous solution form, the solution that contains auxin or PGR can sparge on seed or the stem tuber by the spraying apparatus of routine. Perhaps, seed or stem tuber can be dipped in the aqueous solution of auxin.
Auxin level and adjusting IAA are to use the material that contains auxin to the root of plant to the method for Gradient transhipment in the another kind of raising plant tissue. The continuing of relatively high-level auxin used the gradient that makes progress from the plant bottom causing. This has guaranteed to keep sufficient auxin in plant tissue, so that suitable quantity infecting with reduction insect and disease can be provided.
When the root that is applied to plant, leaf, flower or fruit, the aqueous solution that contains growth hormone or PGR can be used by traditional irrigation or spraying apparatus.Perhaps, growth hormone or PGR can use by pulverous dried forms.When using like this, growth hormone or PGR mix mutually with biocompatible and material environmentally compatible.Such powder can be applied to leaf, flower or fruit by traditional dusting equipment.
Perhaps, thus powder can be encapsulated in the biocompatible substance when it and is placed on seed, stem tuber or the root of plant or slowly-releasing is provided when neighbouring.The material of so sealing can directly be placed on seed or the stem tuber, or is interspersed among in the root district of plant, can be by root absorption at the growth hormone of described district's slowly-releasing.The canonical biometric compatible material that is encapsulated with usefulness is comprised clay, brown coal, resin, siloxanes and their mixture.
Method of the present invention is useful for the growth that suppresses disease pathogen, and described disease pathogen comprises fungi, bacterium and composition thereof.Can include, but not limited to be selected from those of the family that comprises Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, pythium and Phytophthora by the fungi that these methods suppress.Can include, but not limited to Erwinia and pseudomonas bacterium by the bacterium that these methods are controlled.Include, but not limited to thorn and inhale the class insect and chew the class insect by using growth hormone or insect that PGR controlled or suppressed according to method of the present invention.The example that thorn is inhaled the class insect comprises mite class, Phytophthira, thrips class, trialeurodes vaporariorum, leafhopper class, fleahopper class and scale insect.The example of chewing the class insect comprises Lepidoptera and Helidoceras.
Though the method among the present invention can be used for all plants basically, they are particularly useful when being applied to crop plants, described crop plants for example, dry vegetalbe beans, soybean, onion, potato, corn, cotton etc.
At last, the present invention includes seed and the stem tuber of the generation plant of handling according to the present invention.Such stem tuber comprises plant seed or stem tuber, on the surface of described seed or stem tuber with effective inhibition plant tissue among or on the growth of pest, but the amount that is not enough to the growth of the described plant tissue of negative effect has been scattered growth hormone.Perhaps, be enough to growth hormone endogenic and/or that use control the regulation scope within amount, on these seeds and stem tuber surface, scatter PGR.These stem tubers can prepare by the aqueous solution of spraying growth hormone or PGR on the surface of seed or stem tuber.Perhaps, seed or stem tuber can be immersed in the aqueous solution of growth hormone or PGR.In this paper embodiment preferred, growth hormone exists with about 0.0028 to about 0.028 amount that restrains the seed weight of growth hormone/double centner beans and similar seed.When stem tuber was potato tubers, in this paper embodiment preferred, growth hormone existed to cause about 0.0125 amount to about 2.8 gram growth hormone/stem tubers that hectare is planted.
Be to use method of the present invention to be handled on the plant conk and concrete some embodiment of infestation by insect to suppress below.Provide these embodiment to illustrate as an example, and do not mean that by any way and limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
In field experiment, studied the effect of carrying out seed treatment with the aqueous solution that contains plant growth regulator, described plant growth regulator comprises indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).In this experiment, by use contain IAA, IBA, the basic element of cell division, gibberellic acid and randomly the aqueous solution of calcium handle dry vegetalbe beans seed.Contrast is only handled with distilled water.At last, other seed is handled with carbendazim (Derosal) solution, and described carbendazim is to contain benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters (carbendazim) and Thiram (thiram) the commercially available fungicide as active component.At last, with aforementioned PGR, carbendazim with contain the combined treatment seed of calcium solution.Multiple different disposal is summarized in the left hurdle of Table I-V.
By spray 200,400 or 600ml contain 100 (100) kilograms of seeds of solution-treated of PGR, calcium and/or carbendazim with listed various combination.Each independent processing repeats with ten (10) inferior tests.In each repeated test, plant nine (9) seeds.Sprout the back and observe the plant that grows with 2,3,6,7 and 13 days interval.Observed and recorded shows the plant quantity that grows in each repeated test, and shows the plant quantity of the symptom that pathogene (disease) (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Rhizoctonia solani)) infects.At last, the order of severity that in the later stage observation, shows described disease.Those observations the results are summarized in Table I-IV and diagram is illustrated among Fig. 1-4.
Table I
Dry vegetalbe beans-seed with the solution-treated that contains growth hormone
Sprout back 2 days (DAE)
| Handle | Quantity (ml) | Repeated test (quantity of seedling) | Total plant | Sprout percentage | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||
| Contrast | 7 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 66 | 73.3 | |
| PGR solution | 200 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 74 | 82.2 |
| PGR solution | 400 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | - | 73 | 81.1 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 200+200 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 74 | 82.2 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 400+400 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 66 | 73.3 |
| Carbendazim | 200 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 5 | - | 8 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 76 | 84.4 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 200+200 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 72 | 80.0 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 400+200 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 76 | 84.4 |
| PGR solution+Ca+carbendazim | 200+200+200 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 66 | 73.3 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 400+400+200 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 71 | 78.9 |
General information
10 kinds of processing and 10 repeated test-completely randoms
9 seeds in each repeated test=1 bottle (bucket)
Do not observe disease symptoms
PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Calcium, when existing, the aqueous solution with 10% uses.
Carbendazim is the trade mark of Bayer Crop Service.Carbendazim comprises the aqueous solution of benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters and Thiram.
Table II
Dry vegetalbe beans-seed with the solution-treated that contains growth hormone
Sprout back 3 days (DAE)
| Handle | Quantity (ml) | Repeated test (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) plant quantity/the have quantity of the plant of disease | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
| | 8 | 6/1 | 9 | 9/1 | 8 | 8/1 | 8 | 8 | 8/1 | 7 | |
| PGR solution | 200 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8/1 |
| PGR solution | 400 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 200+200 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8/1 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 400+400 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
| Carbendazim | 200 | 9 | 9/2 | 9 | 7 | 8/1 | - | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 200+200 | 10/1 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 400+200 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9/1 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8/1 |
| PGR solution+Ca+carbendazim | 200+200+200 | 8/1 | 8 | 9/1 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9/1 | 8 |
| PGR solution+Ca+carbendazim | 400+400+200 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
General information
10 kinds of processing and 10 repeated test-completely randoms
9 seeds in each repeated test=1 bottle (bucket)
PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Calcium, when existing, the aqueous solution with 10% uses.
Carbendazim is the trade mark of Bayer Crop Service.Carbendazim comprises the aqueous solution of benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters and Thiram.
Table III.
Dry vegetalbe beans-seed with the solution-treated that contains growth hormone
Sprout back 6 days (DAE)
| Handle | Quantity (ml) | Repeated test (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) plant quantity/the have quantity of the plant of disease | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
| Contrast | 8 | 8/1 | 9/2 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 8 | 7/1 | 8/1 | 8/2 | |
| PGR solution | 200 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 8 | 9 | 8/1 | 8 |
| PGR solution | 400 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9/1 | 7/1 | 8 | 9 | 9/1 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 200+200 | 8 | 7/1 | 8/1 | 8 | 9 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 400+400 | 6/1 | 9/1 | 8 | 9/1 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 5 |
| Carbendazim | 200 | 9 | 9 | 9/1 | 9 | 8/1 | - | 9 | 9/1 | 9 | 9 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 200+200 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8/1 | 9 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 400+200 | 8/1 | 9 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 9/1 | 8 | 7/2 | 7 | 8/1 | 7 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 200+200+200 | 8/3 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9/1 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 400+400+200 | 9/1 | 9/2 | 9/2 | 9/2 | 9 | 7/1 | 8 | 9 | 9/1 | 7 |
General information
10 kinds of processing and 10 repeated test-completely randoms
9 seeds in each repeated test=1 bottle (bucket)
PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Calcium, when existing, the aqueous solution with 10% uses.
Carbendazim is the trade mark of Bayer Crop Service.Carbendazim comprises the aqueous solution of benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters and Thiram.
Table IV.
Dry vegetalbe beans-seed with the solution-treated that contains growth hormone
Sprout back 7 days (DAE)
| Handle | Quantity (ml) | Repeated test (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) plant quantity/the have quantity of the plant of disease | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | * | ** | ||
| Contrast | 7/1-1 | 8/1-2 | 8/2-2 | 9/1-1 | 9/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 9/2-2，3 | 9/1-3 | 8/1-2 | 7/2-2 | 92.2 | 15.7 | |
| PGR solution | 200 | 8 | 9/2-2 | 8/3-1，2，3 | 9/1-3 | 8/1-2 | 8/1-3 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 94.4 | 9.4 |
| PGR solution | 400 | 8 | 9 | 8/1-3 | 9 | 9/1-1 | 9/1-2 | 7/2-2，2 | 9 | 8 | 8/1-3 | 93.3 | 7.2 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 200+200 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9/2-2，2 | 9/2-3，3 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7/1-1 | 97.8 | 5.7 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 400+400 | 8 | 9 | 9/2-2，3 | 9 | 5/1-1 | 8 | 6 | 8/1-2 | 6/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 78.9 | 8.4 |
| Carbendazim | 200 | 9 | 9/1-2 | 9 | 9/1-2 | 9 | 8/1-1 | - | 9 | 9 | 9/1-2 | 98.8 | 5.0 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 200+200 | 7 | 8/1-2 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8/1-2 | 9 | 97.8 | 2.3 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 400+200 | 8 | 8/1-1 | 8/1-1 | 8 | 9/1-1 | 9/1-3 | 8 | 9/1-3 | 9 | 9 | 94.4 | 5.9 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 200+200+200 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8/1-3 | 9/1-1 | 7/1-3 | 8 | 8/2-2，2 | 9/2-1，1 | 8 | 93.3 | 8.3 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 400+400+200 | 9 | 8/1-3 | 9 | 8 | 9/1-2 | 7/1-2 | 8 | 9/1-2 | 9/2-1，2 | 9 | 94.4 | 7.0 |
*: sprout percentage
*: the percentage that the plant of disease is arranged
PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Calcium, when existing, the aqueous solution with 10% uses.
Carbendazim is the trade mark of Bayer Crop Service.Carbendazim comprises the aqueous solution of benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters and Thiram.
x/y-z (quantity of x=plant, quantity of the Symptomatic plant of y=and z=disease severity)
severity grade
Symptom that 1=is very serious or dead plants
The medium symptom of 2=(withered plant)
3=light symptoms (beginning to wither)
Table V.
Dry vegetalbe beans-seed with the solution-treated that contains growth hormone
Sprout back 13 days (DAE)
| Handle | Quantity (ml) | Repeated test (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) plant quantity/the have quantity of the plant of disease | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | * | ** | ||
| Contrast | 7/2-2.5 | 8/4-2 | 8/1-2 | 9/1-1 | 9/5-1.8 | 9/3-1.7 | 8/1-2 | 9/3-2 | 8/2-2.5 | 7/2-2.5 | 91.1 | 26.3 | |
| PGR solution | 200 | 8/2-1.5 | 9/4-2 | 7/2-2.5 | 9/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 9/3-2 | 7/2-2.5 | 8/1-1 | 9/1-2 | 9 | 93.3 | 18.2 |
| PGR solution | 400 | 8/2-1.5 | 9/1-2 | 9/4-2 | 7 | 9/2-1.5 | 7/3-1.7 | 9/1-1 | 8 | 8/1-2 | 9 | 92.2 | 15.2 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 200+200 | 9 | 9/1-2 | 8/1-2 | 9/1-3 | 9/3-1.7 | 9/4-2 | 7 | 8/1-2 | 8 | 6/1-2 | 91.1 | 13.2 |
| PGR solution+Ca | 400+400 | 8/2-2 | 9-1-2 | 9/2-2.5 | 7 | 5/1-2 | 8 | 6/1-2 | 8/1-2 | 6/1-1 | 9/1-1 | 83.3 | 12.0 |
| Carbendazim | 200 | 9/1-2 | 9/1-1 | 8/1-3 | 9/2-1.5 | 9/1-3 | 8/2-1.5 | 9/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 9 | 9/1 | 97.8 | 11.2 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 200+200 | 7/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 9/2-2 | 8 | 8 | 8/1-2 | 9/1-2 | 9 | 8/1-2 | 9 | 93.3 | 7.5 |
| PGR solution+carbendazim | 400+200 | 9/1-1 | 8/2-1.5 | 7/1-1 | 7/2-2 | 8 | 9/1-1 | 9 | 8 | 9/3-2 | 9 | 92.2 | 10.8 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 200+200+200 | 9/1-1 | 9/2-1.5 | 9 | 8/1-3 | 9/1-1 | 7/1 | 8 | 8/1-1 | 7/1-1 | 8 | 91.1 | 8.8 |
| PGR solution+Ca+ carbendazim | 400+400+200 | 9/1-1 | 7/2-1 | 9 | 8 | 9/2-2 | 7/1-3 | 8/2-2.5 | 9/1-1 | 7/1-1 | 9/3-2 | 91.1 | 14.3 |
*: sprout percentage
*: the percentage that the plant of disease is arranged
PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Calcium, when existing, the aqueous solution with 10% uses.
Carbendazim is the trade mark of Bayer Crop Service.Carbendazim comprises the aqueous solution of benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-aminocarbamic acid methyl esters and Thiram.
x/y-z (quantity of x=plant, quantity of the Symptomatic plant of y=and z=disease severity)
severity grade
Symptom that 1=is very serious or dead plants
The medium symptom of 2=(withered plant)
3=light symptoms (beginning to wither)
Be reported in Table I-V and show,, significantly improved the resistance that plant is infected Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn by using PGR solution to control growth hormone level in the plant with the observation that is illustrated in the result of Fig. 1-4.With only containing PGRs, mainly be IAA, handling as the solution of active component has the percentage of the plant of disease to reduce to 7.2-9.4% from 15.7% after making seven (7) days.See last hurdle of Fig. 4 and Table IV.With containing PGRs, and the solution of calcium carries out processes and displays and goes out from 15.7% to 5.7-7.2% reduction.Carbendazim, a kind of fungicide that is generally used for handling Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn makes the percentage that infects be reduced to 5% from 15.7%.Therefore, although PGRs mainly is the remarkable minimizing that the interpolation of IAA has produced fungal infection, it as if show do not resemble the carbendazim good.Yet PGRs is not as the negative environmental consequences of these commercially available fungicides.
Similarly, the processing of carrying out with the solution that contains growth hormone makes the percentage of the plant of being infected by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn drop to 15.2-18.2% from 26.3%.The processing of carrying out with PGRs and calcium causes the level that infects after ten three (13) days further to be reduced to 12.0-13.2%.See Table V.Not second to using the obtained result of carbendazim, the level that infects in using carbendazim is reduced to 11.2% to these levels fully.In a word, with controlled observation to compare, before plantation,, mainly be the solution-treated dry vegetalbe beans seed of IAA with containing PGRs, make Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn reduce about 50% to infecting of gained plant.Adding calcium causes disease is further suppressed.
The exploitation of chemical or biological systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer can provide a kind of the alternative of concern that cause for the grower about the plant disease management, because their characteristics are the low pollution risks to environment, and because their binding mode and do not have intrinsic toxicity allows to select conivium (isolates) in the population of pathogene.Although known the ability of induction of resistance in plant recent decades, its potentiality are proved to be recently.Be the interesting embodiment of an external inhibition miliary damping-off bacteria growing below.
In the present embodiment, having studied PGRs in the beans culture, mainly is the using causing the soil fungi of root rot, the external Influence and Development of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).For single and continuous administration PGR solution, carried out the assessment of the solution that contains growth hormone to the external toxicity of fungus of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn fungi.
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn dish (discs) inoculation liquid nutrient medium (potato glucose) with the 0.6cm diameter.Condition of culture remains on 25 ℃, and illumination 12 hours continues to stir.Total incubation time is 60 hours.Observe the growth of inoculum with 12 hours intervals.Each test repeats in the mode of three repetitions.
The single and the continuous administration that contain growth hormone solution have been studied.In long run test, five (5) inferior being applied in when cultivating just begin to carry out, and continue to carry out at the interval with 12 hours thereafter.In single administration, the PGRs of all dosage mainly is IAA, uses when cultivating.The total amount of used PGRs equates with corresponding single administration in five (5) inferior the using.
Cultivate after 60 hours, filter the liquid nutrient medium that comprises culture matrix, PGR solution (or water contrast) and fungi micelle.The funnel that will contain the filter paper of weighing is connected on the kitassato of band vavuum pump.Remove culture matrix with the 20ml distilled water wash.Stayed in the baking oven of fungi micelle in 40 ℃ on the filter paper dry 3 hours.Equilibrate to the dry micelle of weighing after the room temperature.Compare based on dry weight.The result is reported in the following Table VI.
Table VI
Single and continuous administration contain the solution of growth hormone
To the external Influence and Development of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn
| Handle | Concentration (ppm) | Use | Colony weight | Difference (%) | |
| Quantity | Time | ||||
| Contrast (water) | 500 | 1 | In cultivation | 77.1 | |
| PGR solution | 100 | 1 | In cultivation | 56.5 | -27 |
| PGR solution | 1,000 | 1 | In cultivation | 54.5 | -29 |
| PGR solution | 10,000 | 1 | In cultivation | 50.5 | -35 |
| PGR solution | 100 | 5(×20ppm) | In cultivation+12,24,36, and 48HAI * | 48.6 | -37 |
| PGR solution | 1,000 | 5(×200ppm) | In cultivation+12,24,36, and 48HAI | 50.4 | -35 |
| PGR solution | 10,000 | 5(×2,000ppm) | In cultivation+12,24,36, and 48HAI | 32.1 | -58 |
*: HAI=comprises the hourage after (inclusion)
General information
This is tested used PGR solution and comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.045%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
From the result of Table VI report as can be seen, use the development that the solution that contains growth hormone has all suppressed the Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn fungi with all experimental concentration.Still be that five successive doses are used with single dose no matter, conk all has remarkable reduction.Although it is more effective that continuous administration seems, produced the minimizing of higher conk, the single administration when cultivating makes conk reduce 27-35%.When with 5 increment continuous administration at 12 hours interval, conk has been lowered 37-58%.Therefore, seem that more the continuous administration of low dosage PGRs may be best.
Embodiment 3
In further testing, checked PGRs, mainly be the influence of IAA to thrips.As long as weather is hot and dry, thrips, their nymph just attacks onion more specifically.Be nymph, rather than thrips has been caused most infringement.Described problem there is not effective chemical control method.In a controlled field experiment, will contain PGRs, mainly be that the aqueous solution of IAA is applied to onion.Two different tests have been carried out.In each test, contain the aqueous solution of 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid with the ratio spraying of 12oz/ acre to the onion plant that is growing.Described zone all can not move all thrips from a processing region with the net sealing to another.Spray to untreated contrast water.After using the solution seven days (test 1) and eight days (test 2) that contains growth hormone, observe and count the quantity of thrips (onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)), comprise the quantity of adult and larva.The results are shown in down Table VII.This time cause the minimizing of thrips total quantity about 50% with the single treatment of PGRs.The most important thing is, cause the quantity of the larva of most of infringement to be reduced more than 50%.
Table VII
With after the solution single treatment that contains growth hormone (onion thrips)
The minimizing that onion is infected
| Test 1 | | |||||
| Thrips (counting after 7 days) | Thrips (counting after 8 days) | |||||
| Larva | Adult | Amount to | Larva | Adult | Amount to | |
| Contrast (untreated) | 53.9±4.3 | 7.1±0.7 | 61.0±4.7 | 87.7±15.2 | 4.7±0.8 | 92.4±15.5 |
| Handle (12oz/ acre) with growth hormone solution | 21.8±2.4 | 3.4±0.4 | 25.2±2.6 | 40.1±7.9 | 3.3±0.9 | 43.4±8.2 |
| F | 42.82 | 20.15 | 44.84 | 7.71 | 1.35 | 7.81 |
| P | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 | 0.0124 | 0.2596 | 0.0120 |
General information
The used growth hormone solution of this experiment comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
F is variance ratio (error sum squares (error sum of squares)), estimates (confidence level) and P is a probability.P＜0.0001 o'clock, it is significance that 99.99% the viewed result of probability is arranged.
In further testing, on muskmelon (melons), checked the influence of PGRs to two spots (two-spotted) tetranychid (T.urticae Koch (Tetranychus urticae)).This experiment amounts to has used 20 (20) strain muskmelon plants.Ten (10) strain plants are used the solution-treated that contains growth hormone, and with the untreated plant of ten (10) strains in contrast.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the muskmelon plant that is growing with the ratio spraying of 12oz/ acre.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Realize spraying with the sprayer that tractor (tractor) is housed, described nebulizer operation is gone up and every deploying has three TX7 conical hollow nozzles (1 at the top, two in the bottom (drops)) in 70psi and 32gpa.Observe before handling and counting 10cm
2(from leaf top and bottom all is 5cm to disk
2) in the quantity of tetranychid (live with dead), described tetranychid comprises adult, larva and ovum.Use IAA and contrast solution after five (5) days, from every strain plant sampling a slice leaf and as mite as described in the above-mentioned counting.The results are shown in down in the Table VIII.Every 4cm before handling
2On 3.14 ± 0.78 mites alive are on average arranged, do not have dead mite substantially.The mite quantity of living after handling drops to has only every 4cm
2Last 0.58 ± 0.26.In addition, handle in the viewed mite in back 57.76 ± 10.51%, dead.On the contrary, for contrast, every 4cm
21.54 ± 0.27 mites alive are still on average arranged, have only 21.64 ± 6.39% in the viewed mite, dead.
Table VIII
The minimizing of being infected by Tetranychus urticae Koch (T.urticae Koch) with muskmelon after the solution single treatment that contains growth hormone
| Every 4cm 2The quantity of mite | |||
| The quantity of mite alive | The quantity of dead mite | The percentage of dead mite | |
| Before the processing | 3.14±0.78 | 0.02±0.02 | 0.04±0.04 |
| Handled back 5 days | 0.59±0.26 | 0.24±0.07 | 56.76±10.51 |
| After not handling 5 days | 1.54±0.27 | 1.22±0.24 | 21.64±6.39 |
| F | 3.42 | 3.21 | 9.20 |
| P | 0.0659 | 0.0749 | 0.0036 |
General information
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises a kind of aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
F is variance ratio (error sum squares), estimates (confidence level) and P is a probability.P＜0.0001 o'clock, it is significance that 99.99% the viewed result of probability is arranged.
Embodiment 5
In another experiment, on eggplant (eggplants), checked the influence of IAA to Tetranychus urticae Koch (T.urticae Koch).This experiment amounts to has used 20 (20) strain eggplants.Ten (10) strain plants are used the solution-treated that contains growth hormone, and with untreated ten (10) strains in contrast.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the eggplant plant that is growing with the ratio spraying of 12oz/ acre.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Realize spraying with the sprayer that tractor is housed, described nebulizer operation is furnished with three TX7 conical hollow nozzles (1 on the top two in the bottom) in 70psi and 32gpa and every row.Observe before handling and counting 10cm
2(from leaf top and bottom all is 5cm to disk
2) in the quantity of tetranychid (live with dead), described tetranychid comprises adult, larva and ovum.Use IAA and contrast solution after seven (7) days, from every strain plant sampling a slice leaf as mite as described in the above-mentioned counting.The results are shown among the following table IX.Every 4cm before handling
2On 6.04 ± 0.91 mites alive are on average arranged, do not have dead mite.The mite quantity of living after handling drops to has only every 4cm
2Last 1.22 ± 0.29.In addition, handle in the viewed mite in back 59.02 ± 6.84%, dead.On the contrary, for untreated contrast, every 4cm
25.93 ± 0.54 mites alive are still on average arranged, have only 9.19 ± 2.49% in the viewed mite, dead.
Table I X is with containing the minimizing that eggplant is infected by Tetranychus urticae Koch (T.urticae Koch) after the solution single treatment of growth hormone
| Every 4cm 2The quantity of mite | |||
| The quantity of mite alive | The quantity of dead mite | The percentage of dead mite | |
| Before the processing | 6.04±0.91 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
| Handled back 7 days | 1.22±0.29 | 1.46±0.26 | 59.02±6.84 |
| After not handling 7 days | 5.98±0.54 | 0.64±0.18 | 9.19±2.49 |
| F | 61.03 | 6.70 | 56.86 |
| P | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 |
General information
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises a kind of aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
F is variance ratio (error sum squares), estimates (confidence level) and P is a probability.P＜0.0001 o'clock, it is significance that 99.99% the viewed result of probability is arranged.
In another experiment, checked that on the cabbage plant PGRs is to (the influence of radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) of cabbage aphid.This experiment amounts to has used 20 (20) strain cabbage plants.Ten (10) strain plants are with containing the solution-treated of growth hormone, and the not processed plant of ten (10) strains in contrast.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the cabbage plant that is growing with the ratio spraying of 12oz/ acre.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Use hand-held (hand-held) sprayer.Before handling and then use after IAA and the contrast solution seven (7) days, get all leaves inspection aphids from plant.The results are shown in down in the Table X.Handle 93.2 ± 8.2 aphids alive of having an appointment on preceding every strain plant, do not have dead aphid.Handle back aphid alive and eliminated basically, quantity drops to has only 0.2 ± 0.1 of every strain plant.In addition, handle in the viewed aphid in back 97.6 ± 1.4%, dead.On the contrary, aphid continues survival and has not demonstrated death on not processed plant.
Table X
With cabbage after the solution single treatment that contains growth hormone
The minimizing of being infected by cabbage aphid (radish aphid)
| The quantity of aphid | |||
| The quantity of aphid alive | The quantity of dead aphid | The percentage of dead aphid | |
| Before the processing | 93.2±8.2 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 |
| Handled back 7 days | 0.2±0.1 | 17.1±1.7 | 97.6±1.4 |
| After not handling 7 days | N/C | 0.0±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 |
| F | 127.67 | 104.94 | 5297.02 |
| P | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 | ＜0.0001 |
General information
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises a kind of aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
N/C refers to that the quantity of aphid alive is not counted.There do not have aphid to show to be dead.
F is variance ratio (error sum squares), estimates (confidence level) and P is a probability.P＜0.0001 o'clock, it is significance that 99.99% the viewed result of probability is arranged.
Embodiment 7
In further testing, checked the influence that PGRs infects orange tree (orange trees) to citrus leaf-miner (citrus leaf miner) (citrus leaf lyonetid (Phyllocnistis citrella stainton)).Sample ground (plots) is made up of 4 trees of single file, and described single file is separated by the buffering area of 6 row.Test is carried out in the repeated test on the orange tree and 2 repeated tests on mandarin orange tree (mandarin orange trees) with 2, causes having 4 repeated tests for every kind of processing.With some commercially available insecticides is E2Y453JWG, Assail 70WP and Agri-Mek 0.15EC and these trees of solution-treated that contain growth hormone.Staying the contrast tree does not deal with.To the aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid with the tree of PGR solution-treated with the ratio spraying of 0.375Ib/ acre.With tree spraying listed the be purchased insecticide of the ratio described in the Table X I to contrast.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Use processing with blower sprayer.Using of handling is time control, makes the new bar of most of leaf be 4 to 6 inches long and 6 to 8 leaves are arranged.Handle back seven (7) days countings citrus leaf-miner, comprise adult and pupa.The result is reported among the Table X I.The difference of the processing of the attached different letters in back is at p=0.05 (LSD).Cause the remarkable minimizing of citrus leaf-miner with the PGR solution-treated.
Table X I
With after the PGR single treatment to the control level of citrus leaf-miner (citrus leaf lyonetid)
| Handle | Ratio (lb/ acre) | The quantity of the leaf moth of per 10 leaves after 7 days | |
| The adult that lives | Pupa | ||
| E2Y4535WG | 0.005 | 0.1d | 0.6c |
| E2Y4535WG | 0.018 | 0.1d | 0.3c |
| Assail 70WP | 0.075 | 0.1d | 0.1c |
| PGR | 0.375 | 7.2b | 0.5c |
| Agri-Mek 0.15EC | 0.006 | 0.1d | 0.1c |
| Mineral oil | 3％v/v | 4.7c | 2.1b |
| Contrast | Not processed | 13.6a | 3.0a |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
E2Y45 35WG, Assail 70WP and Agri-Mek 0.15EC are commercially available insecticide, are sold by DuPont, Cereagri and Standard respectively.
Difference results on the different letter representation statistics of the back of measuring is at p=0.05 (LSD).
In this experiment, checked the influence of PGRs to beans thrips on the carrot plants (bean thrips) (beans band nest thrips (Caliothrips fasciatus)).Carrot seed is in the plot at random of repeating (5) test.Every sample has 4 seedbeds (beds) on the ground at 40 inches center.Determine that the carrot crop is the sowing crop, forms good sprouting with water sprinkler.Follow-up irrigation is undertaken by ridge furrow irrigation.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the carrot plants of growing with the ratio spraying of 1oz/ acre.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Use hand-held atomizer.Handle with applied based biweekly, 2 weeks began to use before counting the beans thrips for the first time, II reports as Table X.Measure the quantity of the beans thrips that catches by ten (10) individual suction sweepers (suction sweeps).After processing the 12nd day and the 7th day respectively, December 2 and 16 days sampling.Also the 10th day after processing and the 6th day respectively, January 16 and 22 days sampling.The result is reported among the Table X II.The insect number that 10 suction sweepers are caught, variant on p=0.05 (LSD) are promptly passed through with the mean value of different letters in the back in one hurdle.Reduced about 50 (50%) or more percent in each quantity of measuring the interval thrips with respect to contrast.
Table X II
On the carrot crop with after the PGR reprocessing to the control level of beans thrips (beans band nest thrips)
| Handle | Ratio | Per 10 quantity that suck the beans thrips of collecting sample | |||
| December 2 | December 16 | January 16 | January 22 | ||
| Contrast | Be untreated | 435a | 180a | 32a | 13a |
| PGR | The 1oz/ acre | 185b | 62b | 17b | 5b |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Difference results on the different letter representation statistics of measurement back is at p=0.05 (LSD).
Embodiment 9
In this experiment, checked the influence of PGRs to Frankliniella occidentalis on the carrot (Franliniellaoccidentalis).Carrot seed is in the plot at random of repeating (5) test.Every sample has 4 seedbeds on the ground at 40 inches center.Determine that the carrot crop is the sowing crop, and form good sprouting with water sprinkler.Follow-up irrigation is undertaken by ridge furrow irrigation.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the carrot plants of growing with the ratio spraying of 1oz/ acre.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Use hand-held atomizer.Handle with applied based biweekly, 2 weeks began to use before counting Frankliniella occidentalis for the first time, III reports as Table X.Measure the quantity of the Frankliniella occidentalis of catching by ten (10) individual suction sweepers.Took a sample December 2 and 16 days in after processing the 12nd day and the 7th day respectively.Also took a sample January 16 and 22 days in the 10th day after processing and the 6th day respectively.The result is reported among the Table X III.The back is with the mean values of different letters in one hurdle, promptly with the quantity of the insect of 10 suction sweepers seizure, variant on p=0.05 (LSD).Reduced about 50 (50%) or more percent in each quantity of measuring the interval thrips with respect to contrast.
Table X III
Use the PGR reprocessing to Frankliniella occidentalis (FRANLINIELLA on the carrot crop
OCCIDENTALIS) control level
| Handle | Ratio | Per 10 quantity that suck the Frankliniella occidentalis of collecting sample | |||
| December 2 | December 16 | January 16 | January 22 | ||
| Contrast | Be untreated | 103a | 41a | 41a | 77a |
| PGR | The 1oz/ acre | 39b | 16b | 19b | 57b |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
The statistical difference results of different letter representations of measuring the back is at p=0.05 (LSD).
In this experiment, studied the influence of PGRs to broad mite on the bell pepper crop (broad mite) infringement.Repetition (4) test is at random adopted in this experiment.Plant at bell pepper plant interval with 12 inches in every row of 40 inches of per two between-line spacings.Soon the aqueous solution that promptly contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid with the different ratios spraying of 3 to 24oz/ acres to the capsicum plant of growing after plantation once.Other plant is whenever biweekly used the PGR solution-treated with the ratio of using every acre of 12oz at every turn.Contrast with water treatment.For using in each repeated test at every turn, solution is by being applied to plant from the instillation pipeline in the water of handling two (2) gallons in plot at each.The insect of being write down is those (every sample ground 10 strain plants every day) of finding in the gatherer of capsicum plant.The result is reported among the Table X IIV.The back is with the mean value quantity variant on p=0.05 (LSD) of the broad mite of different letters.Obtained the remarkable minimizing that broad mite is infected with PGR solution.As was expected, reduces to raise along with the PGR of higher concentration.Every biweekly using obtained optimum.
Table X IV
The influence that PGR causes broad mite to the bell pepper crop damage
| Handle | Use ratio (oz/ acre) | Use quantity | The grade of broad mite infringement |
| Contrast | - | 0 | 3.03a |
| PGR | 3 | 1 | 2.28b |
| | 6 | 1 | 2.35b |
| | 12 | 1 | 1.55c |
| PGR | 18 | 1 | 1.63c |
| PGR | 24 | 1 | 1.10 |
| PGR | |||
| 12 | Biweekly | 0.83d |
The used growth hormone solution of this experiment comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
The back is variant on 5% probability level with the mean value of different letters.
The huge infringement of classification: 5=, 0=is harmless
Embodiment 11
In this experiment, checked the influence of PGRs to onion thrips.(4) repeated test is at random adopted in this experiment.Onion is planted in 40 inches row in 50 feet plot.Adopt the ordinary production practice in the test.To the aqueous solution that just contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid in the growing plants spraying.In an experiment, only onion is handled once, and in another experiment, handle onion weekly once with this solution.All processing are all carried out with the ratio of 6oz/ acre.Contrast with water treatment.For using in each repeated test at every turn, be applied to described plant from the instillation pipeline in the water that solution is two (2) gallons in each processing plot.On ten (10) the strain plants in each plot, carry out the thrips search once in a week.Time interim tracking thrips population in eight (8) weeks.The thrips quantity that is write down is reported among the Table X V.Use weekly using to obtain optimum.
Table X V
Comparison to the contrast of single administration on onion thrips repetitive administration PGR
| Time (week) | The quantity of the thrips of each sampling | |||
| Contrast | PGR 6oz/ acre (once) | PGR 6oz/ acre (weekly) | ||
| 1 | | 7a | 5b | |
| 2 | 18a | 19a | 10b | |
| 3 | | 20b | 14c | |
| 4 | 17a | 17a | 11b | |
| 5 | 26a | 13b | 7c | |
| 6 | 20a | 16b | 6c | |
| 7 | | 26a | 16ab | |
| 8 | 31a | 25b | 17c | |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises a kind of aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
The mean value quantity of each sample ground thrips of the attached different letters in back is discrepant on p=0.05 (LSD).
In this experiment, studied PGRs inhales the infringement that the class insect causes the bell pepper crop to thorn influence.This experiment is adopted and is repeated (4) test at random.Plant at bell pepper plant interval with 12 inches in every row of 40 inches of per two between-line spacings.Soon the aqueous solution that promptly contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid with the different ratios spraying of 3 to 24oz/ acres to the capsicum plant of growing after plantation once.Other plant is whenever biweekly handled with PGR solution with the ratio of using every acre of 12oz at every turn.Contrast with water treatment.For using in each repeated test at every turn, be applied to described plant from the instillation pipeline in the water that solution is two (2) gallons in each processing plot.The insect of being write down is those (every sample ground 10 strain plants every day) of finding in the gatherer of capsicum plant.The result is reported among the Table X VI.The mean value quantity variant on p=0.05 (LSD) of class insect is inhaled in the back with the thorn of different letters.Obtained the remarkable minimizing that thorn is inhaled the class infestation by insect with PGR solution.As was expected, and described minimizing raises along with the PGR of higher concentration.Every biweekly using obtained optimum.
Table X VI
PGR inhales the influence of class insect quantity to thorn on the bell pepper
| Handle | Ratio | The quantity of insect on every strain plant |
| Contrast | Be untreated | 1.89a |
| PGR | The 12oz/ acre weekly | 0.98b |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
The mean value of the attached different letters in back is discrepant (LSD) on p=0.05.
Embodiment 13
In this experiment, studied the influence of PGRs to the resistance of the anti-disease of onion and insect.(4) repeated test is at random adopted in this experiment.Onion is planted in 40 inches row in 50 feet plot.Adopt the ordinary production practice in the test.The aqueous solution that contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid to the onion plant spraying of growing.With 6 or the ratio of 12oz/ acre handle plant (plaints) once in a week.Contrast with water treatment.For using in each repeated test at every turn, be applied to plant from the instillation pipeline in the water that solution is two (2) gallons in each processing plot.On ten (10) the strain plants in each plot, carry out search once in a week to thrips.The interim detection of whole growth thrips population.When results, also check the pink root of described plant.The result is reported among the Table X VII.By the remarkable population that reduces thrips of using of PGR solution, and pink root also shows and decreases.
Table X VII
PGR in onion produces to the influence of insect and disease resistance
| Variable | Onion thrips/plant | ||
| Contrast | PGR (the 6oz/ acre-weekly) | PGR (the 12oz/ acre weekly) | |
| High insect pressure | 46.2±5.3 | 5.6±1.4 | 4.9±1.1 |
| Low insect pressure | 14.3±7.4 | 5.8±2.0 | 7.0±2.6 |
| Seasonal accumulation thrips infringement ratio | 4.3±0.4 | 2.5±0.5 | 1.8±0.4 |
| Pink disease ratio | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
The used growth hormone solution of this experiment comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Attached its standard deviation behind the mean value.
Embodiment 14
In this experiment, studied the influence of PGRs to stinkbug (stink bug) (America rice stinkbug (Oebaluspugnax)) the infringement grain of rice (rice kernels).Paddy rice is planted in the sample ground of 6 feet wide and 20 feet long with the ratio of 100Ib seed/acre.Adopt 4 repeated tests.In these processs of the test, safeguard paddy field with conventional commodity production practice.To the aqueous solution that just contains 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.005% gibberellic acid in the growing plants spraying.Rate process plant with the 12oz/ acre.PGR used once and uses once splitting the shell phase (shucksplit stage) in the boot leaf phase.Water is sprayed to untreated contrast.Use manual sprayer.Record the infringement that stinkbug caused after results to rice paddy seed.The result is reported among the Table X VIII.Viewed infringement has reduced about 25 (25%) percent in the paddy rice of gathering in the crops from the sample ground with the PGR solution-treated
Table X VIII
The infringement that paddy rice stinkbug (America rice stinkbug) is caused to the grain of rice
| Handle | Ratio | The percentage of the grain of rice of stinkbug infringement |
| Contrast | Be untreated | 4.38±1.5 |
| PGR | The 12oz/ acre | 3.30±0.4 |
This is tested used growth hormone solution and comprises a kind of aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
Mean value provides with its standard deviation.
Embodiment 15
In this experiment, checked the influence that PGRs infects european grape root to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Meloidogyneincognita)).In the northern vineyard that the nematode problem arranged of Peru, carry out (4) repeated test.Preparation contains the aqueous solution of 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division and 0.015% gibberellic acid.With 3 different ratios is every strain plant 1ml, 2ml and 3ml, uses described solution.PGR solution is dissolved in the 4L water and is applied in the scope of every strain grape vine periphery 0.5 rice diameter.Contrast with water treatment similarly.Used single treatment in per ten five (15) days.The result who is reported is that the week after using for the third time is viewed.See Table XIX.The velamen nematode damage of untreated contrast also darkens, and normal and color is shallow with the root growth of the plant of PGR solution-treated.
Table X IX
PGR is to the influence of root-knot nematode on the grape vine (Meloidogyne incognita)
| Handle | Ratio | The par of root-knot nematode | |
| Soil | European grape root | ||
| Contrast | Be untreated | 22 | 184 |
| PGR | The 1ml/ grape vine | 18 | 89 |
| PGR | The 2ml/ | 6 | 86 |
| PGR | The 3ml/ | 16 | 24 |
The used growth hormone solution of this experiment comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.
In this experiment, PGRs solution-treated 24 and the Gene regulation in the Chinese sorghum (sorghum) after 72 hours have been checked.PGR solution comprises the aqueous solution, and the described aqueous solution comprises 0.015%IAA, 0.005%IBA, 0.009% basic element of cell division, 0.005% gibberellic acid, 1.000% emulsifier, 0.850% surfactant and 0.050% defoamer.Use PGR solution with manual sprayer to the Chinese sorghum plant.
For adjusting, checked and used jasmonate and the known of salicylate approach and the dna microarray analysis of many other known physiology genes.Jasmonic acid and salicylate pathway are neither induced also not by its inhibition by the PGR processing.The variation of other Gene regulation is summarized among the Table X X.
Table X X
PGR handles the Gene regulation of Chinese sorghum after 24 and 72 hours
| Locate derivative b-dextranase thaumatin sample PR5 (1) thaumatin sample PR5 (2) at 24 hours and give birth to | Located two kinases (PPDK) (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) heat shock protein 82 agnoproteins of derivative nitrite reductase (NiR) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase LHY albumen carbonic anhydrase pyruvic acid orthophosphoric acid at 72 hours |
| Located two kinases (PPDK) the carbonic anhydrase bZIP albumen agnoproteins of two kinases (PPDK) (2) the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase plasma membrane MIP pyruvic acid orthophosphoric acid of two kinases (PPDK) (1) the pyruvic acid orthophosphoric acid of repressed pyruvic acid orthophosphoric acid at 24 hours | Locate repressed elongation factors catalase putative protein (the unknown) chlorophyll a/b at 72 hours and give birth to cyanogen glucosidase dhurrinase agnoprotein in conjunction with protein D NA in conjunction with albumen |
According to the requirement of Patent Law, and for explaining and illustrative purposes that above stated specification of the present invention has related to the major part of particularly preferred embodiment.Yet, obviously for those skilled in the art, can modify in specifically described method with in forming under actual range of the present invention and the spiritual prerequisite and change not departing from.For example, although indole-3-acetic acid is preferred growth hormone, can adopt synthetic growth hormone, particularly indole-3-butyric acid.In addition, other plant growth regulator, the particularly basic element of cell division or gibberellin can be used for controlling the level of growth hormone.In addition, although proposed preferably to use ratio, known different plant species (with, in fact, the different tissues in the given plant), pathogenic organisms all need different growth hormone levels with insect.Therefore, those skilled in the art can easily regulate as required advised use ratio to suppress the growth of any concrete pathogenic organisms on any concrete plant species or insect.In addition, though the applicant has attempted to explain the reason of viewed plant to the invasion and attack resistance enhancing of numerous disease and insect, the applicant does not want to be limited to the theory that is proposed, because should mechanism do not understood fully as yet.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to this paper and describe and illustrational preferred embodiment, and also cover all modifications that can fall into following claim scope.
Claims (74)
- One kind suppress on the plant tissue and among the method for disease, it comprises:The amount of growth that causes the pest of described disease with effective inhibition, the seed of plantation forward direction plant or stem tuber or after plantation root, leaf, flower or the fruit to plant use growth hormone, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the described plant tissue of negative effect.
- 2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described growth hormone is selected from the group of being made up of natural auxin, synthetic auxin, growth hormone metabolite, auxin precursor, growth hormone derivative and their mixture.
- 3. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is natural auxin.
- 4. the method for claim 3, wherein said natural auxin is an indole-3-acetic acid.
- 5. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is synthetic auxin.
- 6. the method for claim 5, wherein said synthetic auxin is selected from by indolepopionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, phenylacetic acid, methyl (NAA), 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-indole-3-acetate, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,3, the 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2,4, the 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-amino-3,4, the group that 5-trichloropyridine formic acid and composition thereof is formed.
- 7. the method for claim 6, wherein said synthetic auxin is an indole-3-butyric acid.
- 8. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is applied to seed or stem tuber with about 0.0028 ratio to about 0.028gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight.
- 9. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is applied to the beans kind with about 0.0028 ratio to about 0.028gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight.
- 10. the method for claim 9, wherein said growth hormone is used to the ratio of about 0.112gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight with about 0.016.
- 11. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is applied to potato tubers to cause about 0.0125 ratio to about 2.8gm growth hormone/stem tuber that hectare is planted.
- 12. the method for claim 11, wherein said growth hormone is to cause about 0.125 to use to the ratio of about 0.28gm growth hormone/stem tuber that hectare is planted.
- 13. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is applied to the root of plant, leaf, flower or fruit with about 0.0002 ratio to about 0.06gm growth hormone/hectare/sky.
- 14. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is used as the aqueous solution of described growth hormone.
- 15. the method for claim 14, wherein said solution also comprises metal, and described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 16. the method for claim 15, wherein said metal is selected from by calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, the group that boron and composition thereof is formed.
- 17. the method for claim 15, wherein said metal is present in the described solution with about 0.001 scope to about 10.0 percentage by weights.
- 18. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone by the described growth hormone of spraying to described seed or stem tuber the aqueous solution or by using in the aqueous solution that described seed or stem tuber is immersed described growth hormone.
- 19. the method for claim 2, wherein said pathogenic organisms is selected from the group of being made up of fungi, bacterium and composition thereof.
- 20. the method for claim 19, wherein said fungi are selected from group and the described bacterium be made up of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Phytophthora family and composition thereof and are selected from the group of being made up of Erwinia (Erwinia), pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) and composition thereof.
- 21. the method for claim 2, wherein said plant is a crop plants, and described crop plants is selected from the group of being made up of dry vegetalbe beans, soybean, onion, corn, cotton, potato and composition thereof.
- 22. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone is as comprising the dry powder of described growth hormone or using as the aqueous solution of described growth hormone.
- 23. the method for claim 2, wherein said growth hormone are applied to seed, stem tuber or the root of described plant so that the slow release of described growth hormone to be provided with entrapped form.
- 24. the method for claim 23, wherein said growth hormone is encapsulated in the biocompatible substance, and the slow release of described growth hormone is provided, and described material is selected from the group of being made up of clay, brown coal, resin, siloxanes and composition thereof.
- 25. one kind suppress on the plant tissue and among the method for disease, it comprises:By with the amount of the growth hormone in the described plant tissue of effective adjusting to the level of the growth of the pest that is enough to suppress to cause described disease, use the precursor of auxin or described hormone or conjugate in the seed of plantation forward direction plant or stem tuber or root from plantation back to plant, leaf, flower or fruit and control growth hormone level in the described plant tissue, but wherein said level is not enough to the growth of the described plant tissue of negative effect.
- 26. the method for claim 25, wherein said auxin are selected from the group of being made up of growth hormone, ethene, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, abscisic acid, the plain steroids of rape, jasmonate, salicylic acid and precursor thereof and mixture.
- 27. the method for claim 25, wherein said auxin is a growth hormone.
- 28. the method for claim 25, the described precursor or the conjugate of wherein said plant hormone or described hormone are used with metal, and described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 29. a method that suppresses Fusarium and Rhizoctonia biological growth on the dry vegetalbe beans plant, it comprises:With the described biology of effective inhibition on the tissue of described plant and among the amount of growth, use growth hormone in the beans kind of the described plant of plantation forward direction, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the tissue of the described plant of negative effect.
- 30. the method for claim 29, wherein said growth hormone is indole-3-acetic acid.
- 31. the method for claim 30, wherein said growth hormone is used to the ratio of about 0.28gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight with about 0.0028.
- 32. the method for claim 31, wherein said growth hormone is used by the aqueous solution of the described growth hormone of spraying to described seed.
- 33. the method for claim 32, wherein said solution also comprises metal, and described metal is selected from by calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, the group that boron and composition thereof is formed.
- 34. a method, its be used to suppress by the larva of insect and described insect cause to the infecting of plant, described method comprises:The amount that infects that causes by described insect and larva with effective inhibition, the seed of plantation forward direction plant or stem tuber or after plantation root, leaf, flower or the fruit to described plant use growth hormone, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the tissue of the described plant of negative effect.
- 35. the method for claim 34, wherein said growth hormone are selected from the group of being made up of natural auxin, synthetic auxin, growth hormone metabolite, auxin precursor, growth hormone derivative and their mixture.
- 36. the method for claim 35, wherein said growth hormone is natural auxin.
- 37. the method for claim 36, wherein said natural auxin is an indole-3-acetic acid.
- 38. the method for claim 35, wherein said growth hormone is synthetic auxin.
- 39. the method for claim 38, wherein said synthetic auxin is selected from by indolepopionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, phenylacetic acid, methyl (NAA), 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-indole-3-acetate, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,3, the 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2,4, the 6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 4-amino-3,4, the group that 5-trichloropyridine formic acid and composition thereof is formed.
- 40. the method for claim 39, wherein said synthetic auxin is an indole-3-butyric acid.
- 41. the method for claim 35, wherein said growth hormone is used with the ratio that surpasses about 0.0002gm growth hormone/hectare/sky.
- 42. the method for claim 41, wherein said growth hormone is used to the ratio in about 0.06gm growth hormone/hectare/sky with about 0.0002.
- 43. the method for claim 42, wherein said growth hormone is used to the ratio in about 0.01gm growth hormone/hectare/sky with about 0.002.
- 44. the method for claim 35, wherein said growth hormone is applied to described, leaf, flower or fruit as the dry powder that contains described growth hormone or as the aqueous solution of described growth hormone.
- 45. the method for claim 44, wherein said growth hormone is used by the dry powder that spreading contains described growth hormone.
- 46. the method for claim 44, wherein said growth hormone is used as the aqueous solution by drip irrigation or by spray application.
- 47. the method for claim 46, wherein said solution also comprises metal, and described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 48. the method for claim 47, wherein said metal is selected from by calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, the group that boron and composition thereof is formed.
- Inhale the class insect, chew the group that class insect and composition thereof is formed 49. the method for claim 35, wherein said insect are selected from by thorn.
- 50. the method for claim 49, wherein said thorn is inhaled the class insect and is selected from the group of being made up of mite class, Phytophthira, thrips class, trialeurodes vaporariorum, leafhopper class, flea hoppers, scaling insects and composition thereof, describedly chews the class insect and is selected from the group of being made up of Lepidoptera, Helidoceras and composition thereof.
- 51. the method for claim 35, wherein said plant is a crop plants, and described crop plants is selected from the group of being made up of dry vegetalbe beans, soybean, onion, corn, cotton, potato and composition thereof.
- 52. one kind is suppressed the method that insect is infected plant, described insect comprises the larva of insect and described insect, and described method comprises:By with the amount of the growth hormone in the described plant tissue of effective adjusting to the level of the pest growth that is enough to suppress to cause described disease, at the seed of plantation forward direction plant or stem tuber or in the level of using the growth hormone in the precursor of auxin or described hormone or the plant tissue that conjugate is controlled described plant after root from the plantation to plant, leaf, flower or fruit, but wherein said level is not enough to the growth of the described plant tissue of negative effect.
- 53. the method for claim 52, wherein said auxin are selected from the group of being made up of growth hormone, ethene, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, abscisic acid, the plain steroids of rape, jasmonate, salicylic acid and precursor thereof and mixture.
- 54. the method for claim 52, wherein said auxin is a growth hormone.
- 55. the method for claim 52, the described precursor of wherein said plant hormone or described hormone or conjugate and metal are used jointly, and described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 56. a larva that suppresses thrips and described thrips is infected the method for onion plant, described method comprises:With the amount that infects of described thrips of effective inhibition and the larva foliar spray growth hormone to described onion plant, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the tissue of the described plant of negative effect.
- 57. the method for claim 56, wherein said growth hormone is indole-3-acetic acid.
- 58. the method for claim 57, wherein said growth hormone is used to the ratio in about 0.06gm growth hormone/hectare/sky with about 0.0002.
- 59. the method for claim 56, wherein said growth hormone is used to described leaf by spray application as the aqueous solution.
- 60. the method for claim 59, wherein said solution also comprises metal, and described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 61. the method for claim 56, wherein said growth hormone is used by the dry powder that spreading contains described growth hormone.
- 62. seed or stem tuber, it is used to produce the plant of the resistance of the anti-disease with enhancing, and described seed or stem tuber comprise:Plant seed or stem tuber; WithBe scattered in the growth hormone on the surface of described seed or stem tuber, described growth hormone causes described disease with effective inhibition pest among the tissue of described plant or on the amount of growth exist, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the described plant tissue of negative effect.
- 63. the seed of claim 62 or stem tuber, wherein said growth hormone are selected from the group of being made up of natural auxin, synthetic auxin, growth hormone metabolite, auxin precursor, growth hormone derivative and their mixture.
- 64. the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said natural auxin is an indole-3-acetic acid.
- 65. the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said growth hormone exists with about 0.0028 amount to about 0.028gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight.
- 66. being beans kind and described growth hormone, the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said seed exist with about 0.0028 amount to about 0.028gm growth hormone/100kg seed weight.
- 67. being potato tubers and described growth hormone, the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said stem tuber exist to cause about 0.0125 amount to about 2.8gm growth hormone/stem tuber that hectare is planted.
- 68. the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said pathogenic organisms is selected from the group of being made up of fungi, bacterium and composition thereof.
- 69. the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, wherein said plant is a crop plants, and described crop plants is selected from the group of being made up of dry vegetalbe beans, soybean, onion, corn, cotton, potato and composition thereof.
- 70. the seed of claim 63 or stem tuber, it comprises also and is scattered in described seed or the lip-deep metal of stem tuber that described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
- 71. seed or stem tuber, it is used to produce the plant of the resistance of the anti-disease with enhancing, and described seed or stem tuber comprise:Plant seed or stem tuber; WithBe scattered in the lip-deep auxin that can influence the level of growth hormone in the described plant of described seed or stem tuber, described hormone exists with the amount of the growth of effective inhibition noxious plant pathogene, described pathogene causes described disease, but wherein said quantity not sufficient is with the growth of the described plant of negative effect.
- 72. the seed of claim 71 or stem tuber, wherein said auxin are selected from the group of being made up of growth hormone, ethene, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, abscisic acid, the plain steroids of rape, jasmonate, salicylic acid and their precursor and mixture.
- 73. the seed of claim 72 or stem tuber, wherein said auxin is a growth hormone.
- 74. the seed of claim 71 or stem tuber, it comprises also and is scattered in described seed or the lip-deep metal of stem tuber that described metal is selected from the group of being made up of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, boron and composition thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49715003P | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | |
| US60/497,150 | 2003-08-22 | ||
| US10/677,708 US8252722B2 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-10-02 | Controlling plant pathogens and pests with applied or induced auxins |
| US10/677,708 | 2003-10-02 | ||
| PCT/US2004/026700 WO2005018319A2 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-08-18 | Suppressing plant pathogens and pests with applied or induced auxins |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1870891A true CN1870891A (en) | 2006-11-29 |
| CN100594785C CN100594785C (en) | 2010-03-24 |
Family
ID=37444403
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200480030911A Active CN100594785C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-08-18 | Controlling plant pathogens and pests with applied or induced auxins |
| CN 200480030913 Pending CN1870892A (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-08-18 | Methods for improving growth and crop productivity of plants by adjusting plant hormone levels, ratios and/or co-factors |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200480030913 Pending CN1870892A (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-08-18 | Methods for improving growth and crop productivity of plants by adjusting plant hormone levels, ratios and/or co-factors |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN100594785C (en) |
| GT (2) | GT200400163A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102933078A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2013-02-13 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | Use of 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or the salts thereof for enhancing the stress tolerance of plants |
| CN103476261A (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-12-25 | 遗传工程与生物技术中心 | Method for inducing resistance to diseases in plants |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE20142187A1 (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2015-01-09 | Stoller Ets | PLANT GROWTH IMPROVING MIX AND METHOD OF APPLICATION |
| US20120252673A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Stoller Enterprises, Inc. | Composition and method for stress mitigation in plants |
| WO2013158209A1 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | Nordson Corporation | Cleaning devices and methods for a fluid dispensing cartridge |
| BR102019015726A2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-07-14 | Winfield Solutions, Llc | REGULATORY COMPOSITIONS OF GROWTH OF PLANTS AND METHODS OF USE OF THE SAME |
| WO2020237223A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | Galy Co. | Compositions and methods for plant cell culture |
-
2004
- 2004-08-18 CN CN200480030911A patent/CN100594785C/en active Active
- 2004-08-18 CN CN 200480030913 patent/CN1870892A/en active Pending
- 2004-08-18 GT GT200400163A patent/GT200400163A/en unknown
- 2004-08-19 GT GT200400166A patent/GT200400166A/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102933078A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2013-02-13 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | Use of 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or the salts thereof for enhancing the stress tolerance of plants |
| CN103476261A (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-12-25 | 遗传工程与生物技术中心 | Method for inducing resistance to diseases in plants |
| CN103476261B (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2015-04-29 | 遗传工程与生物技术中心 | Method for inducing resistance to diseases in plants |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GT200400166A (en) | 2005-10-03 |
| CN100594785C (en) | 2010-03-24 |
| GT200400163A (en) | 2005-06-27 |
| CN1870892A (en) | 2006-11-29 |
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