CN1869658A - Interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester - Google Patents
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- CN1869658A CN1869658A CN 200610085990 CN200610085990A CN1869658A CN 1869658 A CN1869658 A CN 1869658A CN 200610085990 CN200610085990 CN 200610085990 CN 200610085990 A CN200610085990 A CN 200610085990A CN 1869658 A CN1869658 A CN 1869658A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spatial heterodyne spectrometer tester interferometer, improved on the basis of Michelson interferometer, replacing two planar reflectors in the Michelson interferometer with two diffraction gratings; target light source is modulated through collimating light path system into parallel light source, and the interferometer makes spatial interference modulation on light wave to form interference stripes with a certain spatial frequency which is a function of wavelength, and the interference stripes are imaged through imaging object lens in linear array (or planar array) detector and the image is recorded by the detector and stored in computer, which can recover spectrum curve by specific algorithm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical electron fields of measurement, specifically is a kind of interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester.
Background technology
Traditional high-resolution spectroscopy instrument mainly contains two big classes: raster pattern and interfere type.
The chromatic dispersion principle of grating spectrograph technology belongs to apart spectrum, promptly utilizes chromatic dispersion device such as grating that spectrum is carried out regular arrangement by the order of wavelength in the space, obtains the spectral information of different wave length in different locus.Yet, spectral resolution technology and spectral instrument are had higher requirement along with science and technology development.Traditional classical color dispersion-type spectrometer with incident (outgoing) slit, dispersion system can not adapt to fully high resolving power more, fast, remote measurement, the more requirement of high sensitivity and utmost point detection signal-to-noise ratio.
Because the needs of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, solid state physics, space travel, meteorology and atmospheric pollution research, based on Fourier's spectrophotometric of interference modulations light-dividing principle in respect of very great development.This instrument has higher resolution, and can measure weak signal and micro-example, and therefore the spectrophotometric method that develops into of this instrument is opened up new field.Fourier transform spectrometer, adopts the two-beam interference principle, makes the phase place continuous transformation between coherent light beam, synchronously writes down light intensity transformation curve---the interferogram of central fringe, then it is carried out Fourier transform and obtains spectrogram.Different with the raster pattern spectral instrument, Fourier transform spectrometer, is not the spectrum constituent element that makes different wave length came, obtained in different locus different wave length in spatial decomposition a spectral information, but utilize frequency modulating method, make the light of different wave length be subjected to the different frequency modulation, carry out the spectral information that different wave length is obtained in demodulation by FIT.Compare with the raster pattern spectrometer, the interfere type spectrometer has many good qualities.At first, because it can collect more light, so highly sensitive in the raster pattern spectrometer of same size and same spectra resolution; Secondly, as the high-resolution spectroscopy instrument, interfere type does not need with the device of a long-focus slit to be imaged on the detector pixel of typical sizes.Therefore, the performance of an interferometer that volume is less, weight is lighter can equal even be better than the raster pattern spectrometer in the practical application.The subject matter of interfere type spectrometer is that further improving spectral resolution has very big technology barrier because optical path difference is non-linear and the influence of system's collimation.Therefore, seek new high spectrographic detection means and be one and not only have scientific meaning, also have application background simultaneously.
Claim that for the time being obtaining the optical radiation information that spectral resolution is better than 0.1nm in the passive remote sensing mode is the super-resolution spectral information.The super-resolution spectral remote sensing is meant and utilizes lot of very narrow electromagnetic wave bands to obtain relevant data from interested object, can carry out the remote sensing recognition of atural object by material super-resolution spectral signature.When we brought up to a dimensioning with the resolution of spectrum, certain variation had taken place in the spectral information that object shows, and this moment, we obtained the spectral information of material more accurately in other words, had improved the cognitive ability of target like this.Fact proved that when spectral resolution improved, sensor information more can accurately reflect substance characteristics, the super-resolution spectral remote sensing must be the important trend of following remote sensing development so.
Contain a lot of micro constitutents in the earth atmosphere, as the compound of ozone, steam and carbon, sulphur, nitrogen etc., though their content the relation few and mankind is very close.The radiation balance that can influence atmosphere that these minimum gas have, what have can produce the chemical process that acid rain changes soil, and the gas that has is harmful to people and animal and plant.Along with increase and industrial a large amount of pollutant of human space operation enters atmosphere; for the environment of protecting the mankind to depend on for existence, to the variation of these trace gaseous components concentration and distribute with and the research that occurs in the chemical reaction in the atmosphere be much accounted of day by day.Therefore, the concentration detection of carrying out global atmosphere micro constitutent can improve meteorological prediction ability, helps to explain and the transition of prediction global climate, can improve the atmosphere environment supervision level simultaneously, and the guidance of necessity is provided for the environmental protection of atmosphere.Fundamental research shows that accurately inverting atmosphere trace gaseous components needs the observation of ultrahigh resolution atmospheric optical spec.For example in the detection process of atmosphere OH free radical, under the different spectral resolutions, the curve of spectrum of atmosphere has very big difference.At the 308nm wave band, when spectral resolution is difficult to distinguish atmospheric scattering background signal and OH free radical spectrum radiation signal during for 0.1nm, yet when reaching 0.024nm, spectral resolution can obtain the spectral radiance signal of OH free radical.Therefore, under complex background, obtain the characteristic spectrum radiation information of minimum gas, need to improve the resolution characteristic of detection system, obtain meticulous spectral information.
Traditional spectral measurement method is difficult to reach ultrahigh resolution and surveys, and the space heterodyne spectral technique is a kind of novel spectral analysis technique of realizing that the ultraphotic spectrum is differentiated.May detect H in the atmosphere by the space heterodyne spectral technique
2O, O
3, CH
4, CO
2, various materials such as NO and OH free radical high-resolution spectra.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is an interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester, utilizes the space heterodyne spectral technique to obtain super-resolution spectrum.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester, it is characterized in that its light channel structure is: target light source incides beam splitter through diaphragm, the top of beam splitter and rear are fixed with grating respectively, grating becomes Littrow angle θ (first blazing angle of grating) to tilt to place with the light shaft positive cross face, the corrugated of the two-beam of Littrow wavelength behind optical grating diffraction is vertical with optical axis, two corrugated coordination phases, phasic difference is zero, do not produce interference fringe, the light of non-Littrow wavelength returns through optical grating diffraction, the direction of propagation and optical axis have a little angle ± γ, will there be an angle 2 γ on two corrugateds of the non-Littrow wavelength of a certain monochrome, the optical path difference at center is zero, the optical path difference maximum at two ends; Image-forming objective lens and detector are placed in the beam splitter below, and interference fringe images on linear array or the planar array detector through image-forming objective lens.
The interference modulations mode of target light source is the space heterodyne formula.
Space heterodyne spectrograph tester improves on the basis of Michelson interferometer, adopt two diffraction grating to replace two plane mirrors in the Michelson interferometer, through the spatially relevant equal thickness interference that produces of two bundle reflected light of chromatic dispersion, interference fringe is the function of spatial frequency.Interference fringe function by linear array (or face battle array) detector record diverse location can calculate the curve of spectrum to be measured by certain algorithm then.
The present invention can change performance parameters such as system spectrum scope and spectral resolution by the parameter of some crucial optical device in the Adjustment System, to satisfy the needs of practical application, is applicable to ultraviolet---infrared band.
The present invention combines grating and does not have index glass shearing interferometer technology in one, can obtain super-resolution spectrum in specific spectral range, has had the high flux and the grating space diffraction characteristics of interferometer simultaneously.In addition, space heterodyne spectrograph integrated level height, characteristics such as volume is little, weight is little, power consumption is little meet the needs of space flight, aerospace applications.Can satisfy the requirement of super-resolution spectral remote sensing, main remote sensing application towards the atmosphere minimum gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is space heterodyne spectrograph tester light channel structure figure.
Fig. 2 is interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester light channel structure figure.
Fig. 3 is the space heterodyne interference spectrum experimental result of Na lamp two-wire light source.
Fig. 4 is the space heterodyne interference spectrum experimental result of Hg lamp two-wire light source.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
The chamber mode of setting up the stage is set up space heterodyne spectrograph tester by experiment, and system architecture partly is made up of laser instrument, laser beam expander, optical filter, collimated light path, interferometer, computing machine etc. as shown in Figure 1.Target light source is a source of parallel light by the collimated light path system modulation, by interferometer light wave is carried out the interference fringe that the certain space frequency was modulated and formed to space interference, and the spatial frequency of interference fringe is the function of wavelength.Interference fringe images in linear array (or the face battle array) detector by image-forming objective lens, and is detected device and notes and be stored in the computing machine, can recover the curve of spectrum by specific algorithm.
The basic light path of interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester as shown in Figure 2, by diaphragm 1, collimating mirror 2, beam splitter 4, diffraction grating 3, diffraction grating 5, and image-forming objective lens 6,7, linear array (or face battle array) detector 8 etc. partly constitutes.Stop position maintains static in the interferometer, becomes Littrow angle θ (first blazing angle of grating) to tilt to place with the light shaft positive cross face.Axial light incides on the grating with the Littrow angle θ of grating, and the corrugated of the two-beam of Littrow wavelength behind optical grating diffraction is vertical with optical axis, two corrugated coordination phases, and phasic difference is zero, does not produce interference fringe.The light of non-Littrow wavelength returns through optical grating diffraction, and the direction of propagation and optical axis have a little angle ± γ.Will there be an angle 2 γ on two corrugateds of the non-Littrow wavelength of a certain monochrome, and the optical path difference at center is zero, the optical path difference maximum at two ends.Two-beam will interfere, and form equal thick interference fringe.Interference fringe images on linear array (or the face battle array) detector through image-forming objective lens.By the interference fringe function at record diverse location place, and can calculate the curve of spectrum to be measured by certain algorithm.
Carry out the space heterodyne spectrum experiment of characteristic spectrum with said apparatus, to verify science of the present invention.The service band of test unit is selected visible waveband, obtains the spectral resolution up to 0.033nm in 574nm～591nm (bandwidth 17nm) spectral range, and spectrally resolved ability is about 17700.Respectively with Na two-wire (589.0nm, 589.6nm) emission spectrum and Hg two-wire (577nm, 579nm) the emission spectrum checking that experimentizes.Fig. 3 is the space heterodyne interference spectrum experimental result of Na lamp two-wire light source, and left side figure is that the Na light that experiment is obtained is composed two-dimentional interferogram, and right figure is the Fourier trasform spectroscopy result who finally obtains.Horizontal ordinate is counted for corresponding subdivided spectral in the curve of spectrum, and 0 coordinate is corresponding to 591nm, and ordinate is the spectrum relative intensity.Two peak values (589.6nm, 589.0nm) in Na spectrum are clear and legible, and position corresponding on horizontal ordinate is respectively 66,84.Reach 0.033nm by the spectral resolution of calculating the acquisition system, spectrally resolved ability is about 17700, and spectral range is 17nm.
Fig. 4 is the space heterodyne interference spectrum experimental result of Hg lamp two-wire light source, two peak values in spectrum correspond respectively to 579nm, the 577nm of Hg spectrum, position on horizontal ordinate is respectively 361,421, result of calculation system spectrum resolution also is 0.033nm, spectrally resolved ability is 17700, spectral range is 17nm, and the result is consistent with the Na spectrum experiment.
The spectral range of this device is 574nm～591nm (bandwidth 17nm), and spectral resolution is 0.033nm, and resolution characteristic is about 17700.Detector adopts 1024 * 1024 area array CCD detectors, and the pixel size is 12 μ m * 12 μ m, quantified precision 12bit; Grating Littrow wavelength is 591nm, and the Littrow angle is 10.21 °, and the incisure density of grating is 600L/mm, and the effective aperture of grating is 22mm * 22mm; Beam splitter adopts symmetric form cubic type beam splitter, and size is 25.4mm * 25.4mm * 25.4mm.
Claims (2)
1, interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester, it is characterized in that its light channel structure is: target light source incides beam splitter through diaphragm, the top of beam splitter and rear are fixed with grating respectively, grating becomes Littrow angle θ (first blazing angle of grating) to tilt to place with the light shaft positive cross face, the corrugated of the two-beam of Littrow wavelength behind optical grating diffraction is vertical with optical axis, two corrugated coordination phases, phasic difference is zero, do not produce interference fringe, the light of non-Littrow wavelength returns through optical grating diffraction, the direction of propagation and optical axis have a little angle ± γ, will there be an angle 2 γ on two corrugateds of the non-Littrow wavelength of a certain monochrome, the optical path difference at center is zero, the optical path difference maximum at two ends; Image-forming objective lens and detector are placed in the beam splitter below, and interference fringe images on linear array or the planar array detector through image-forming objective lens.
2, interferometer of space heterodyne spectrograph tester according to claim 1, the interference modulations mode that it is characterized in that target light source is the space heterodyne formula.
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| CN102003936A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for simultaneously measuring droplet position, particle sizes and complex refractive index |
| CN102052968A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-05-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Wide-band spatial heterodyne spectrometer |
| CN101762323B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Method for detecting adhesion between spatial heterodyne interferometer gratings |
| CN102589701A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Method for expanding application bandwidth of spatial heterodyne interferometer |
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| WO2014071807A1 (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-15 | 清华大学 | Heterodyne grating interferometer displacement measurement system |
| CN103868596A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-06-18 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Large-aperture space heterodyne interference spectral imaging method and spectrometer |
| CN104482875A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Single-slit spatial carrier shearing speckle interferometry measuring system and measuring method |
| CN104483022A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-01 | 北京工业大学 | Fourier conversion spectrum instrument based on Michelson interferometer of equivalent intersecting mirror |
| CN105891801A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江大学 | Device of locking field widening michelson interferometer (FWMI) in multi-harmonic heterodyne manner |
| CN105910630A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Light path difference measurement method based on space light path difference modulation and device thereof |
| CN106771319A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Radial velocity measurement is outer planet space-based detected with high accuracy system and method |
| CN108169205A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
| CN108181237A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of light channel structure of space heterodyne Raman spectroscopy instrument |
| CN112767802A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 中山大学 | Low-coherence light source interference experiment teaching demonstration device for simultaneous measurement of time domain and spectrum |
| CN113447125A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Multi-resolution mode interference spectrum system |
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| CN101762323B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Method for detecting adhesion between spatial heterodyne interferometer gratings |
| CN102003936A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for simultaneously measuring droplet position, particle sizes and complex refractive index |
| CN102003936B (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-01-04 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for simultaneously measuring droplet position, particle sizes and complex refractive index |
| CN102052968A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-05-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Wide-band spatial heterodyne spectrometer |
| CN102052968B (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Wide-band spatial heterodyne spectrometer |
| CN103649698A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2014-03-19 | 热电科学仪器有限公司 | Optical spectrometer with underfilled fiber optic sample interface |
| CN102589701A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Method for expanding application bandwidth of spatial heterodyne interferometer |
| CN102589701B (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2014-05-07 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Method for expanding application bandwidth of spatial heterodyne interferometer |
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| US9879979B2 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2018-01-30 | Tsinghua University | Heterodyne grating interferometer displacement measurement system |
| CN103868596B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-10-14 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer |
| CN103868596A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-06-18 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Large-aperture space heterodyne interference spectral imaging method and spectrometer |
| CN104483022A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-01 | 北京工业大学 | Fourier conversion spectrum instrument based on Michelson interferometer of equivalent intersecting mirror |
| CN104482875B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Single slit spatial carrier speckle-shearing interferometry measuring system and measuring method |
| CN104482875A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Single-slit spatial carrier shearing speckle interferometry measuring system and measuring method |
| CN105891801A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江大学 | Device of locking field widening michelson interferometer (FWMI) in multi-harmonic heterodyne manner |
| CN105910630A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Light path difference measurement method based on space light path difference modulation and device thereof |
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| CN108169205A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
| CN108181237A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of light channel structure of space heterodyne Raman spectroscopy instrument |
| CN108181237B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-09-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of light channel structure of space heterodyne Raman spectroscopy instrument |
| CN112767802A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-07 | 中山大学 | Low-coherence light source interference experiment teaching demonstration device for simultaneous measurement of time domain and spectrum |
| CN113447125A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Multi-resolution mode interference spectrum system |
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