CN1863244B - 传输线路的时域反射测试方法及装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种传输线路的时域反射测试方法及装置。本发明主要包括:首先,在传输线路中,根据测试需求确定符合自相关性和互相关性要求的测试信号,并发送所述测试信号,所述的测试信号包括:带限随机信号、频率捷变信号或者规则调频信号;然后,根据传输线路中传送的所述测试信号进行TDR(时域反射)测试。根据本发明提供的TDR测试方案设计的SELT(单端线路测试)设备具有很强的环境适应性,测试精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强。即采用本发明进行TDR测试,对于大型的DSLAM(数字接入复用器)设备的测试具有非常大的使用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种传输线路的时域反射测试方法及装置。
背景技术
xDSL(数据用户线)是一种在电话双绞线(无屏蔽双绞线,UnshieldedTwist Pair,UTP)传输的高速数据传输技术,除了IDSL和SHDSL等基带传输的DSL外,通带传输的xDSL利用频分复用技术使得xDSL与传统电话业务(POTS)共存与同一对双绞线上,其中xDSL占据高频段,POTS占用4KHz一下基带部分,POTS信号与xDSL信号通过分离器分离。
所述的通带传输的xDSL采用离散多音频调制(DMT)。提供多路xDSL接入的***叫做DSL接入复用器(DSLAM),其***参考模型如图1所示。
众所周知,在开通xDSL业务过程中,通常希望能够获得较高的出线率。为获得较高的出线率就需要保证更多的用户双绞线能够开通xDSL业务。然而,在实际应用环境中,在某一个局点并不是所有的用户双绞线都能正常开通xDSL业务。
对于不能开通xDSL业务的线路就需要进行故障排查、甚至是彻底更换线路以保证能够开通xDSL业务。这一处理过程需要大量的人力、物力,使运营商的运营成本大幅提高。
为降低故障排查过程消耗的成本,目前业务采用了SELT(单端线路测试)技术,即通过自动的测试手段对线路进行测试、检查并定位故障。
目前,市场上的SELT测试设备主要的实现方案是采用TDR(时域反射)、集总参数模型估计方法进行测试进而实现故障定位。
目前,现有TDR测试设备,使用的测试信号一般为方波、正弦波、半波正弦等。当使用这些波形作为测试信号时,存在以下缺点:
(1)由于这些波形的自相关性不强,因而,使得如果回波存在重叠的情况,则接收端无法正确区分。
(2)当测试环路比较长的时候,回波信号比较弱,使用这些信号容易受到外部信号的干扰,尤其是使用方波的情况。
(3)使用这些波形进行测试的时候,对于不同的长度的测试环路,测试信号的时长的选择不同。对未知线路的测试要不断的试探性的测试,因而耗时较长。
(4)对于比较复杂的测试环路,比如有两个桥接抽头,选用上述的测试信号有时会无能为力。
(5)当进行线路测试时,有可能对在同一电缆内的正在运行的xDSL线路产生不利的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种传输线路的时域反射测试方法及装置,从而可以更为方便、准确地对传输线路进行相应的时域反射测试。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种传输线路的时域反射测试方法,包括:
在传输线路中,根据测试需求确定符合强的自相关性和弱的互相关性要求的测试信号,并发送所述测试信号;
接收传输线路中阻抗点反向返回的信号,所述返回的信号为所述测试信号的反射信号与所述测试信号的叠加;
对所述返回的信号与所述测试信号进行互相关运算处理,根据互相关运算处理结果获得分开的所述测试信号的分量和所述反射信号的分量,将通过传输线路返回的反射信号识别出来,获得时域反射测试结果。
所述的测试信号为以下三种信号中的任何一种:
随机信号,频率捷变信号,规则调频信号。
所述的随机信号为经过带限的随机信号。
本发明提供了一种传输线路的时域反射测试装置,包括:
预定信号发生器:用于生成符合强的自相关性和弱的互相关性要求的测试信号,并输入时域反射测试设备;
时域反射测试设备:用于在传输线路中,发送所述预定信号发生器生成的测试信号以及接收传输线路中阻抗点反向返回的信号,所述返回的信号为所述测试信号的反射信号与所述测试信号的叠加;
互相关运算处理模块:用于根据所述的时域反射测试设备接收到的返回信号,对所述返回的信号与所述测试信号进行互相关运算处理,根据互相关运算处理结果获得分开的所述测试信号的分量和所述反射信号的分量,得到传输线路返回的反射信号,获得时域反射测试结果。
所述的预定信号发生器包括:
随机信号发生器和带通滤波器,随机信号发生器产生的随机信号经带通滤波器进行带限处理,并输出作为所述的测试信号。
所述的预定信号发生器包括:
频率发生器和跳频图案控制模块,频率发生器生成设定频率的信号,所述信号在跳频图案控制模块的控制下根据时间信息从信号中选择具体的频率信号,作为测试信号。
所述的预定信号发生器包括:
调频器,根据作为调频规则模块输出的时间函数进行调频处理获得对应的调频信号,并作为测试信号。
所述的互相关运算处理模块设置于时域反射测试设备中,或独立于时域反射测试设备设置。
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明具有信号能量高、距离分辨率高及抗噪声性能好的优点。因此,按本发明设计的SELT设备具有很强的环境适应性,测试精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强。在各种复杂的环境下能出色的完成测试任务。即采用本发明进行TDR测试,对于大型的DSLAM(数字接入复用器)设备的测试具有非常大的实用价值。
附图说明
图1为xDSL***的参考模型示意图;
图2为TDR测试模型示意图;
图3为本发明所述装置的结构示意图;
图4为所述预定信号发生器的结构图一;
图5为所述预定信号发生器的结构图二;
图6为所述预定信号发生器的结构图三;
图7为伪随机信号的示意图;
图8为伪随机信号的自相关结果示意图;
图9为经时延后与原信号产生时域混叠的伪随机叠加信号示意图;
图10为伪随机叠加信号与原信号的互相关运算结果示意图;
图11为桥接抽头的线路模型示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明主要是在TDR测试过程中,选用一组具有较强的自相关性及与其他信号间具有较弱互相关性的测试信号,从而可以利用测试信号本身的较强的自相关性的特征来解决现有技术中存在的缺点,提高测试的准确度。
为对本发明有进一步了解,下面首先对TDR测试的过程进行说明。
如图2所示,TDR的测试由发送器1把经驱动后的测试信号经二四线转换3后驱动到线路5上。信号沿着方向6前进,当遇到阻抗变换点8的时候,信号会发生反射现象向相反的方向7前进,最终通过3到达接收器2,在返回的信号中反射信号将与原发送信号方向6的信号叠加。TDR测试便是对返回到接收器2的信号进行处理获得相应的测试结果,以定位故障点等。
图2所示的信号处理11部分承担发送测试信号的任务,以及分析接收信号并给出测试结果的工作。
下面将对本发明所述的方法的实现过程进行说明。
本发明是为了实现对图2中接收器接收到的返回的信号进行测试,为此,本发明通过分析提出采用非常适合用于SELT的测试信号的一组带限测试信号,这种测试信号的主要特征是具有强自相关性同时与其他信号又具有比较弱的互相关性。
本发明中,参照图2所示,具体的TDR测试处理过程包括:
首先,通过发送器1发送所述的非常适合用于SELT的测试信号的一组带限测试信号,所述的信号将被通过传输线路进行传输,当经过阻抗变换点8时,将会经方向7返回,并被接收器2接收;
其次,对接收器2接收到的信号进行互相关运算处理,具体为将接收到的信号与发送器1原发送的信号进行互相关运算处理,从而将经阻抗变换点8时反射的信号识别出来,进而获得相应的TDR测试结果。
可以看出,本发明主要是采用了相应具有较强的自相关性及较弱的互相关性的测试信号进行TDR测试,才使得本发明能够具有较佳的测试效果,因此,下面将对本发明可以采用的几种测试信号进行说明。
(1)经过带限的随机信号
所述的随机信号也包括但不限于由一些序列发生器产生的伪随机信号,为保证测试的使用还需要对所述伪随机信号进行带通滤波处理,并将处理后的信号作为测试信号。
(2)频率捷变信号
所谓频率捷变信号可以在不同的时间片上取不同的频率;在设计频率捷变信号前先确定使用那些频率,然后,由频率发生器产生相应频率的信号,并由跳频图案决定在哪个时间片上采用哪个频率,从而获得测试用的频率捷变信号;所述的调频图案可以是周期性固定的,也可以是随机产生的。
(3)规则调频信号
本发明还提供了一种传输线路的时域反射测试装置,如图3所示,具体包括以下三个组成部分:
(1)预定信号发生器
用于生成符合自相关性和互相关性要求的测试信号,并输入时域反射测试设备,而且,所述的预定信号发生器分别可以为以下三种结构之一:
如图4所示,包括随机信号发生器和带通滤波器,随机信号发生器产生的随机信号经带通滤波器进行带限处理,并输出作为所述的测试信号;
或者,
如图5所示,包括频率发生器和跳频图案控制模块,频率发生器生成设定频率的信号,所述信号在跳频图案控制模块的控制下根据时间信息从信号中选择具体的频率信号,作为测试信号;
或者,
如图6所示,包括调频器,用于根据作为调频规则模块输出的的时间函数进行调频处理获得对应的调频信号,并作为测试信号。
(2)时域反射测试设备,即TDR测试设备:用于根据所述预定信号发生器生成的测试信号进行时域反射测试,该测试设备为现有的设备;
(3)互相关运算处理模块:根据所述的时域反射测试设备接收到的经过叠加的反射信号,并对其与上述的测试信号进行互相关运算处理,获得时域反射测试结果,即从返回的信号中识别出相应的反射信号,该模块可以设置于TDR测试设备中,或者独立于TDR测试设备设置。
为对本发明有进一步的理解,下面将结合附图以通过带限伪随机信号(x(n))实现TDR测试为例说明本发明的具体实现方式,并阐述使用本发明规定的具有较强的自相关性及较弱的互相关性的测试信号带来优点的原理。对于其他测试信号相应的处理过程具有类似的特性因此不一一说明。
本发明中,采用具有很强的自相关性带限伪随机信号(x(n)n=1...N)作为测试信号,图7为带限伪随机的时域波形。
当发送所述的伪随机信号后,在TDR的接收器将接收到返回的信号,如图9所示,返回的信号是两个相同的带限伪随机信号经过不同的时延后叠加的时域波形y(n),y(n)=a·x(n)+b·x(n-k)k<N,a、b分别为与频率有关的泄漏、反射系数。对于接收到的信号仅仅从时域上判断是无法将这两个不同时延的信号分开,即无法获得反射信号的信息。这是因为信号在时间上发生了混叠。为区分出反射信号,则需要将x(n)和y(n)做一个互相关操作结果,相应的互相关运算操作结果如图10所示,从放大部分可以看出y(n)的两个分量x(n)和x(n-k)被分开了。其中圈1为x(n),即泄漏的原始波形,圈2为x(n-k),即反射波形。
本发明中,所述的带限伪随机信号与SELT测试环境中的其他信号,主要是一些具有某些特性的噪声信号(n(n))的互相关性很小,如线路噪声、脉冲噪声、串扰噪声等;用公式表示即:结果趋近于0,因此,带限伪随机信号与SELT测试环境中的其他信号的互相关性很小。
下面将再结合附图对本发明存在的优点进行分析说明。
本发明主要包括以下三方面的优点:
(一)信号能量高:
如图2所示,从阻抗变换点8反射的回波7要能被正确接收,便要求回波7的能量越高越好。如果要信号能量高,可以增加信号幅度亦可以增加信号的时长。显然在SELT***不可能无限制的增加信号的幅度;实际上由于减小干扰等各种因素应该使用增加时长的办法增加能量。而使用现有技术提供的方波、正弦波等测试信号,由于要抗反射波的时域混叠也不可能发射很长时间的测试信号,一般在1km的测试环路上要保证距离测试精度在50米的前提下,最大的测试信号的时长约为0.5uS左右。但是如果使用本发明提供的三种测试信号则信号就可以使用时长十几微妙甚至更长的测试信号。
(二)距离分辨率高:
当测试线路上存在两个连续的阻抗变换点,这两个阻抗变换点的距离比较近,如图11所示。线路总长3000米,在2000米的位置有一个30米桥接抽头12。此时,如果采用现有技术提供的方波、正弦波等测试信号,如果要正确测试桥接抽头12的话测试信号的时长必须小于0.5uS。但是这么小能量的信号从点13、点14反射回点1的时候衰减很大,根本无法接收。但是如果使用本发明提供的三种测试信号,如带限伪随机信号,则返回到点1的信号虽然幅度很小,但由于持续时间比较长,仍然具有比较大的能量可以被正确接收。然后在根据带限伪随机信号的时间压缩特性便能正确的分辨点13和14点的回波时间点。
(3)抗噪声性能好:
当接收到的信号信噪比小于0,也即被噪声淹没的时候,由于带限伪随机信号于噪声的互相关性非常小,因此,从接收信号中能够很好的提取出回波信号。但如果使用现有技术提供的方波、正弦波等测试信号,则必须要求信噪比大于0,回波信号才有可能被正确检测。
由于本发明存在以上主要优点,因此,按本发明设计的SELT设备具有很强的环境适应性,测试精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强。在各种复杂的环境下能出色的完成测试任务。也就是说,使用所述的伪随机信号、频率捷变信号和规则调频信号作为测试信号进行TDR测试对于大型的DSLAM设备的测试具有非常大的使用价值。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种传输线路的时域反射测试方法,其特征在于,包括:
在传输线路中,根据测试需求确定符合强的自相关性和弱的互相关性要求的测试信号,并发送所述测试信号;
接收传输线路中阻抗点反向返回的信号,所述返回的信号为所述测试信号的反射信号与所述测试信号的叠加;
对所述返回的信号与所述测试信号进行互相关运算处理,根据互相关运算处理结果获得分开的所述测试信号的分量和所述反射信号的分量,将通过传输线路返回的反射信号识别出来,确定所述反射信号的回波时间,以对所述传输线路中的阻抗点进行定位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传输线路的时域反射测试方法,其特征在于,所述的测试信号为以下三种信号中的任何一种:
随机信号,频率捷变信号,规则调频信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的传输线路的时域反射测试方法,其特征在于,所述的随机信号为经过带限的随机信号。
4.一种传输线路的时域反射测试装置,其特征在于,包括:
预定信号发生器:用于生成符合强的自相关性和弱的互相关性要求的测试信号,并输入时域反射测试设备;
时域反射测试设备:用于在传输线路中,发送所述预定信号发生器生成的测试信号以及接收传输线路中阻抗点反向返回的信号,所述返回的信号为所述测试信号的反射信号与所述测试信号的叠加;
互相关运算处理模块:用于根据所述的时域反射测试设备接收到的返回信号,对所述返回的信号与所述测试信号进行互相关运算处理,根据互相关运算处理结果获得分开的所述测试信号的分量和所述反射信号的分量,得到传输线路返回的反射信号,确定所述反射信号的回波时间,以对所述传输线路中的阻抗点进行定位。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传输线路的时域反射测试装置,其特征在于,所述的预定信号发生器包括:
随机信号发生器和带通滤波器,随机信号发生器产生的随机信号经带通滤波器进行带限处理,并输出作为所述的测试信号。
6.根据权利要求4所述的传输线路的时域反射测试装置,其特征在于,所述的预定信号发生器包括:
频率发生器和跳频图案控制模块,频率发生器生成设定频率的信号,所生成的设定频率的信号在跳频图案控制模块的控制下根据时间信息从信号中选择具体的频率信号,作为测试信号。
7.根据权利要求4所述的传输线路的时域反射测试装置,其特征在于,所述的预定信号发生器包括:
调频器,根据作为调频规则模块输出的时间函数进行调频处理获得对应的调频信号,并作为测试信号。
8.根据权利要求4所述的传输线路的时域反射测试装置,其特征在于,所述的互相关运算处理模块设置于时域反射测试设备中。
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US11/588,106 US7532011B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2006-10-26 | Method and apparatus for time domain reflection test of transmission line |
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US7532011B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
CN1863244A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
FR2892824A1 (fr) | 2007-05-04 |
FI20060952A (fi) | 2007-04-29 |
FI20060952A0 (fi) | 2006-10-27 |
US20070108989A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
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