CN1856923A - Permanent-magnet synchronous motor and compressor using this - Google Patents

Permanent-magnet synchronous motor and compressor using this Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1856923A
CN1856923A CNA2004800276092A CN200480027609A CN1856923A CN 1856923 A CN1856923 A CN 1856923A CN A2004800276092 A CNA2004800276092 A CN A2004800276092A CN 200480027609 A CN200480027609 A CN 200480027609A CN 1856923 A CN1856923 A CN 1856923A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
permanent
magnet
synchronous motor
magnet synchronous
rotor
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Granted
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CNA2004800276092A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1856923B (en
Inventor
菊地聪
小原木春雄
吉川富夫
中山进
野泽重和
泽孝一郎
渡边刚
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Hitachi Johnson Controls Air Conditioning Inc
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Hitachi Air Conditioning Systems Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1856923A publication Critical patent/CN1856923A/en
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Publication of CN1856923B publication Critical patent/CN1856923B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/223Rotor cores with windings and permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

A permanent-magnet synchronous motor provided with a rotor structure having cage-type windings and a permanent magnet disposed on the inner peripheral side of the cage-type winding bar, wherein the permanent magnet is magnetized to provide a ratio theta/alpha of 0.54 through 0.67 between the peripheral-direction pitch angle theta of the permanent magnet's magnetic flux distribution and a magnetic pole pitch angle alpha so as to ensure a required induced electromotive force with no increase in iron loss and to reduce a waveform distortion rate. Accordingly, a high-efficiency permanent-magnet synchronous motor can be provided due to an induced electromotive force having little distortion and a shape of nearly a sinusoidal wave.

Description

Permanent-magnet synchronous motor and use its compressor
Technical field
The present invention relates to permanent-magnet synchronous motor and use its compressor.
Background technology
The strong point of induction machine is not only have firm structure, and because the direct source power supply of connecting just can start, can constitute the drive source of the machinery that drives as the certain speed that does not need speed control at low cost.
On the other hand, synchronous machine and induction machine similarly not only constitute drive division at low cost, and because the secondary copper loss when not running well almost completely is the high efficiency that helps drive system widely so individual advantage is arranged.But, as weakness, had the cage modle of employing winding, in the further configuration of the interior all side needs permanent magnet of this cage modle conductor, the space of having limited magnet configuration at the rotor outer circumferential side.Consequently there is the problem in the design to be: to increase the leakage flux between magnetic pole, be difficult to make induced electromotive force waveform sine waveization.
Method as the configuration of the permanent magnet buried underground in rotor of decision has disclosed technology such as patent documentation 1 and patent documentation 2.Their purpose is, makes the number of magnetic poles of synchronous machine or structural plane to as the answer use of electricity from the system of motor-car etc., respectively the most suitableization.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 11-103548 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2002-369422 communique
As compressor usefulness, is automatic start type if design the synchronous machine of permanent magnet, on the one hand with above-mentioned prior art, the magnet amount too much and iron loss increases, on the other hand, on the contrary, the magnet amount is very few and be used to produce the induced electromotive force deficiency of desirable output.In the latter case, there have a lot of situations to be that wave distortion also becomes to be big etc., brings characteristic degradation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of do not have can increase iron loss, and can guarantee necessary induced electromotive force, can reduce the permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the rotor thereof of the rotor structure of wave distortion, and the compressor that uses it.
The present invention aspect one, in permanent-magnet synchronous motor, the circumferential pitch angle θ of the permanent magnet of burying underground in interior all sides of the cage modle winding that is arranged at rotor, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67.
The present invention is aspect its another, in permanent-magnet synchronous motor, according to the circumferential pitch angle θ of the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet of burying underground in interior all sides of the cage modle winding that is arranged at rotor, become 0.54~0.67 mode, the magnetization permanent magnet with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha].
According to the present invention, can provide: can not can increase iron loss, and can guarantee necessary induced electromotive force, have the permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the rotor structure that can reduce waveform distortion factor.
Other purpose, feature and advantage of the present invention can be understood from the record of the following embodiments of the invention relevant with accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the concept map of the first half of the magnetized state of magnet shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the curve chart of the measured data of expression induced electromotive force wave distortion.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is radially the first half sectional view of magnetized state of magnet of the rotor of the expression fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the longitudinal section view of first embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the longitudinal section view of second embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the longitudinal section view of the 3rd embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the cross section structure figure of the compressor of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below, one embodiment of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the first embodiment of the present invention.In the drawings, rotor 1 disposes and constitutes a plurality of and employ cage modle winding (cage-type windings) 3 in the inside that is set at the rotor core 2 on the rotating shaft 6; With what be embedded in magnet insertion holes 7 is the permanent magnet 4 of main component with the terres rares, makes that number of magnetic poles is the two poles of the earth.In addition, between magnetic pole, be provided with emptying aperture 5.The width aperture θ of permanent magnet 4 and the relation of pole span angle [alpha] are configured to 0.54<θ/α<0.67, magnet be orientated radial directed.
Fig. 2 is the concept map of the first half of the magnetized state of magnet shown in Fig. 1.Shown in the figure arrow, the direction of magnetization of permanent magnet 4 is radially (radiation directions) of rotor 1.
And the width aperture of permanent magnet 4 also can be considered to be arranged to different situations by this magnetization with the circumferential pitch angle of the magnetic flux distribution of permanent magnet 4.But in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the width aperture of permanent magnet 4 all is magnetized, and the circumferential pitch angle of the magnetic flux distribution of permanent magnet 4 equates with the width aperture of permanent magnet 4, all is angle θ.
Fig. 3 is the measured data curve chart of expression induced electromotive force wave distortion.Transverse axis is magnetic flux pitch angle θ and the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha], and the longitudinal axis is induced electromotive force waveform distortion factor (%).
When the width aperture θ of permanent magnet 4 equated with the pole span angle [alpha], the ripple because the magnetic flux distribution (not shown) that permanent magnet 4 forms roughly is square was so become the distorted wave that comprises a lot of high order harmonic components.Therefore, the width aperture θ of actual measurement investigation permanent magnet 4 and the relation of pole span angle [alpha].The induced electromotive force waveform distortion factor is as long as have good characteristic 6% with interior just we can say.Go out to send the data of observing Fig. 3 from this viewpoint, width aperture θ is bigger than 0.54 with ratio θ/α of pole span α, is good characteristic than 0.67 little situation, is that 0.6 o'clock characteristic is best than θ/α.According to this result, constitute the circumferential pitch angle θ of the circumferential pitch angle or the magnetic flux distribution that permanent magnet 4 forms of permanent magnet 4, make it become 0.54~0.67 of pole span angle [alpha].
In other words, constitute: the length of permanent magnet 4 is the circumferential pitch Tm of the magnetic flux distribution that forms of the circumferential pitch of permanent magnet 4 or permanent magnet 4, and becoming is 0.54~0.67 of pole span Tp as the circumference of the semicircle on its circumference.
Herein, the circumferential pitch angle θ by setting permanent magnet as mentioned above and the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha], waveform is described by the reasons are as follows of sine waveization.Because stator coil by package, if also be 180 ° under the situation that is distributed in the two poles of the earth of magnetic flux, then when stator side is observed, becomes the shape that roughly is distributed as rectangular wave with 180 ° of pitches.At this moment, overlapping five times, seven times high order harmonic component on waveform.On the other hand, make it less than 180 °, then when stator side is observed, owing to become the waveform of pulse type, so still overlapping a lot of high order harmonic components if reduce magnetic flux distribution terrifically.That is, be pole span (for example the situation at the two poles of the earth, 180 °) for the stator winding pitch, show the circumferential pitch angle θ that the magnetic flux pitch of the magnetic flux distribution of magnet need be made as only permanent magnet.According to the inventor's etc. experiment, as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen, it is o'clock optimum that the circumferential pitch angle θ of the magnetic flux distribution that permanent magnet 4 is formed is made as 0.54 of pole span angle [alpha]~0.67.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the second embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 3, the inscape identical with Fig. 1 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.Be with Fig. 1 difference, the emptying aperture that is arranged between magnetic pole is cut apart for 5 liang, it is made of 5A, 5B.
According to such structure, except can obtaining the effect identical, can reduce the path of leakage flux with Fig. 1, make rotor strength firmer.
Fig. 5 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the third embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 5, the inscape identical with Fig. 4 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.Be that with Fig. 4 difference radius (below, only be the external diameter) r3 of circular arc of periphery that forms permanent magnet 4 is shorter than the external diameter r1 of magnet insertion holes 7, and is non-concentric.That is, the external diameter r1 of magnet insertion holes 7 is that the initial point O with rotating shaft 6 is the circular arc of radius centered r1.To this, the external diameter r3 of permanent magnet 4 is to be the circular arc of radius centered r3 with the some O1 from initial point O deviation distance l.Herein, the internal diameter of permanent magnet 4 is identical with the internal diameter r4 of magnet insertion holes 7.
As this embodiment, if use eccentric magnet, then because the gap length of the circumferential end of magnet becomes big, thus can alleviate near the interlinkage of the leakage flux in end to stator winding, can be more near sinusoidal wave.Therefore, according to this embodiment,, can also make the more approaching sine wave of magnetic flux distribution except accessing the effect identical with second embodiment of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is radially the first half sectional view of magnetized state of magnet of the rotor of the expression fourth embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 6, the inscape identical with Fig. 1~Fig. 5 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.In the drawings as shown by arrows, the magnet of permanent magnet 4 is orientated parallel orientation.Even such orientation also can obtain and the roughly the same characteristic of Fig. 1~Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 7, the inscape identical with Fig. 4 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.The parts different with Fig. 4 are, constitute permanent magnet 4 by flat board, and overlapping two dull and stereotyped 4A, 4B constitute a magnetic pole.
Even such structure also can obtain the characteristic identical with Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is the longitudinal section view of rotor of the synchronous machine of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 8, the inscape identical with Fig. 7 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.The parts different with Fig. 7 are, week upwards with etc. pitch configuration three permanent magnet 4A, 4B, 4C constitute a magnetic pole.
Even such structure also can obtain the characteristic identical with Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the longitudinal section view of first embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.In Fig. 9, the inscape identical with Fig. 1~8 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.Fig. 9 shows the rotor 1 and stator 8 that combination so far is described in detail, and as synchronous machine 24 and the example of situation about constituting, combination has the rotor of Fig. 4.
Herein, stator 8 comprises: stator core 9; The slot 10 of thereon a plurality of (being 24 in the drawings) is set; The tooth of being cut apart by these slots 10 11.Armature winding 12 by U phase winding 12A, V phase winding 12B, W phase winding 12C constitute is wrapped in a plurality of slots 10 with the identical distributed winding that distributes mutually.
In such structure, if armature winding 12 is supplied with the alternating voltage of certain frequencies, then rotor 1 can carry out quickening as the starting of induction machine, afterwards, and can constant speed drive as synchronous machine.
Figure 10 is the longitudinal section view of second embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.The inscape identical with Fig. 9 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.In Figure 10, the part different with Fig. 9 is that the slot 10 of stator 8 is six.
Even such structure also can obtain the effect identical with Fig. 9, and owing to form easy structure, so synchronous machine 24 at a low price can be provided.
Figure 11 is the longitudinal section view of the 3rd embodiment of expression permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.The inscape identical with Fig. 9 paid same-sign, omit repeat specification.In Figure 11, the part different with Fig. 9 is that the slot 10 of stator 8 is three, constitutes armature winding 12 with the concentrated winding of being reeled, and makes it center on tooth 11.
Even such structure also can obtain the effect identical with Fig. 9, and owing to form the shorteningization of winding head (not shown), the easy structures such as reduction of copper amount are so can provide synchronous machine 24 more economically.
And, the rotor 1 of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the embodiment of Fig. 9~Figure 11, though illustrate the rotor 1 of the described embodiment of Fig. 4, self-evident, even use the rotor 1 that in other figure, illustrates, also can access identical effect as permanent-magnet synchronous motor.
Figure 12 is the cross section structure figure of the compressor of one embodiment of the invention.In Figure 12, make the vortex shape cover plate 15 that stands on the fixing end plate 14 of reel unit 13, be meshed with the vortex shape cover plate 18 of the end plate 17 that stands on the reel unit 16 that circles round, form compression mechanical part.
And, the discharge chambe 19 that forms by the fixedly reel unit 13 and the reel unit 16 that circles round (19a, 19b ...) among, be positioned at the discharge chambe 19 of outside diameter, be accompanied by circumnutation to move to the center of two reel units 13,16, volume dwindles gradually.
If two discharge chambe 19a, 19b arrive near the center of two reel units 13,16, then the Compressed Gas in two discharge chambes 19 is discharged from the outlet 20 that is communicated with discharge chambe 19.The Compressed Gas that is discharged from arrives in the pressure vessel 22 of frame 21 bottoms by being arranged at the gas passage (not shown) of fixing reel unit 13 and frame 21, and the discharge pipe 23 from the sidewall that is set at pressure vessel 22 is discharged to outside the compressor.In pressure vessel 22, as Fig. 1~Figure 11 explanation, interior envelope has the permanent-magnet synchronous motor 24 that is made of stator 8 and rotor 1, with the certain speed rotation, carries out compressed action.
Be provided with oil storage portion 25 in the bottom of synchronous machine 24.The pressure differential of oil in the oil storage portion 25 by rotatablely moving and producing by being arranged at the oilhole 26 in the crank rotating shaft 6, being provided for the circle round sliding part, sliding bearing 27 etc. of reel unit 16 and crank rotating shaft 6, is lubricated.
Like this, as the driven compressor motor,, then can realize the high efficiency of constant speed compressor if use the described permanent-magnet synchronous motor of Fig. 1~Figure 11.
According to above embodiment, can provide: can not can increase iron loss, and can guarantee necessary induced electromotive force, have the permanent-magnet synchronous motor and the rotor thereof of the rotor structure that can reduce waveform distortion factor or use its compressor.
Though above-mentioned record is to carry out for embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art are very clear in the scope of purport of the present invention, can carry out various changes and correction.

Claims (20)

1. permanent-magnet synchronous motor, it possesses rotor, and described rotor comprises: near the peripheral part of rotor core, a plurality of slots of She Zhiing in the axial direction; The bar of the conductivity of in these slots, burying underground; At the end ring of axial end with the conductivity of these bar short circuits; And the permanent magnet of in the magnet insertion holes of the interior all sides that are disposed at described bar, burying underground, described permanent-magnet synchronous motor is characterised in that,
The circumferential pitch angle θ of described permanent magnet, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67.
2. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The circumferential pitch Tm of described permanent magnet and the ratio Tm/Tp of pole span Tp are 0.54~0.67.
3. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
In the roughly circular-arc magnet insertion holes of the interior all sides that are disposed at described bar, bury roughly circular-arc permanent magnet underground.
4. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Between the adjacent magnetic pole of described rotor, be provided with emptying aperture.
5. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
For the external diameter of described magnet insertion holes, the non-external diameter that forms described permanent magnet with one heart.
6. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Between the adjacent magnetic pole of described rotor, be provided with emptying aperture.
7. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The magnetic region of described permanent magnet is orientated radial directed.
8. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The magnetic region of described permanent magnet is orientated parallel orientation.
9. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described permanent magnet is made of flat board.
10. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
Between the adjacent magnetic pole of described rotor, be provided with emptying aperture.
11. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The material of described permanent magnet is a rare earth element magnet.
12. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Possess stator, described stator has the stator winding that is wound into distributed winding in the slot more than six.
13. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Possess stator, described stator has the stator winding that is wound into concentrated winding in the slot more than three.
14. a compressor, it possesses the suction cold-producing medium and it is compressed compression mechanical part of discharging again and the drive motors that drives this compression mechanical part, it is characterized in that,
Described drive motors is furnished with rotor, and described rotor comprises: near the peripheral part of rotor core, and a plurality of slots of She Zhiing in the axial direction; The bar of the conductivity of in these slots, burying underground; At the end ring of axial end with the conductivity of these bar short circuits; And at the permanent magnet of interior all sides configuration of described bar,
And, be described permanent magnet circumferential pitch angle θ, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67 permanent-magnet synchronous motor.
15. the rotor of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises: near the peripheral part of rotor core, a plurality of slots of She Zhiing in the axial direction; The bar of the conductivity of in these slots, burying underground; End ring in the conductivity of these bars of axial end short circuit; And the permanent magnet of in the magnet insertion holes of the interior all sides that are disposed at described bar, burying underground, it is characterized in that,
The circumferential pitch angle θ of described permanent magnet, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67.
16. a permanent-magnet synchronous motor possesses rotor, described rotor comprises: near a plurality of slots that are provided with in the axial direction the peripheral part of rotor core; The bar of the conductivity of in these slots, burying underground; End ring in the conductivity of these bars of axial end short circuit; And at the permanent magnet that interior all sides of described bar are buried underground, it is characterized in that,
Magnetize circumferential pitch angle θ that described permanent magnet makes its magnetic flux distribution, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67.
17. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 16 is characterized in that,
The circumferential pitch Tm of the magnetic flux distribution of described permanent magnet and the ratio Tm/Tp of pole span Tp are 0.54~0.67.
18. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 16 is characterized in that,
In the roughly circular-arc magnet insertion holes of the interior all sides that are disposed at described bar, bury roughly circular-arc permanent magnet underground.
19. permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 16 is characterized in that,
For the external diameter of described magnet insertion holes, the non-external diameter that forms described permanent magnet with one heart.
20. the rotor of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises: near the peripheral part of rotor core, a plurality of slots of She Zhiing in the axial direction; The bar of the conductivity of in these slots, burying underground; End ring in the conductivity of these bars of axial end short circuit; And at the permanent magnet that interior all sides of described bar are buried underground, it is characterized in that,
Magnetize circumferential pitch angle θ that described permanent magnet makes its magnetic flux distribution, with the ratio θ/α of pole span angle [alpha] be 0.54~0.67.
CN2004800276092A 2003-10-07 2004-10-06 Permanent-magnet synchronous motor and compressor using this Expired - Fee Related CN1856923B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003348291A JP2005117771A (en) 2003-10-07 2003-10-07 Permanent magnet type synchronous motor and compressor using it
JP348291/2003 2003-10-07
PCT/JP2004/014733 WO2005046022A1 (en) 2003-10-07 2004-10-06 Permanent-magnet synchronous motor and compressor using this

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CN1856923A true CN1856923A (en) 2006-11-01
CN1856923B CN1856923B (en) 2010-11-10

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CN106208455A (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-12-07 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 Rotor, motor, pump and cleaning device
CN106208455B (en) * 2014-12-11 2024-03-05 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 Rotor, motor, pump and cleaning device
CN112117848A (en) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-22 本田技研工业株式会社 Rotating electrical machine

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