CN1855675A - Permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents
Permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and method for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1855675A CN1855675A CN 200510135742 CN200510135742A CN1855675A CN 1855675 A CN1855675 A CN 1855675A CN 200510135742 CN200510135742 CN 200510135742 CN 200510135742 A CN200510135742 A CN 200510135742A CN 1855675 A CN1855675 A CN 1855675A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent synchronous motor and relative production, which can layer and counteract the character that controlling the phase of torque impulse or backlash torque, to reduce the torque impulse or backlash torque of impulse component with same times of pole number 2p of magnet to 0. Wherein, said invention comprises: the stator with Z (z is natural number) teeth with winding (4) in ring shape; and a pole with 2p (p is natural number) poles for activating via permanent magnet (7); and a rotor (6) inserted into the ring of stator, to make the generating phase N phase, and make the shape of tooth different with other phases in at least 1 phase and maximum N-1 phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
In the inner-rotor type permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor, backlash torque (cogging torque, claim start and stop torque, cogging torque again) when being the winding no power, when making rotor magnet (rotor) rotation by external drive, and the flutter component of the torque that takes place between the tooth of stator core, under the situation about driving in the winding energising, torque pulsation is the torque pulsation that takes place between stator core and tooth equally.
The number of times (with reference to non-patent literature 1) of least common multiple that only occurs tooth (groove) the number Z of the number of magnetic poles 2p of rotor magnet and stator core in theory., this theory is limited to for rotor (mainly being magnet) or stator core, and shape and material behavior are respectively uniformly, concerning number of poles and groove number, and the situation of Zhi Zaoing fully symmetrically.
, at actual machine, the particularly scene of batch process, mostly because the symmetry of these numbers of poles, groove number are destroyed, so backlash torque or the torque pulsation component lower than the number of times of least common multiple present with big amplitude.With in the lifting motor, the increase of this torque pulsation causes the deterioration of the ride comfort sense of lift, perhaps in servomotor, goes wrong in the control of constant airspeed at lift.In addition, the increase of backlash torque causes the deterioration of positioning accuracy, perhaps uses in the motor with power control at automobile, causes the contact deterioration of control handwheel, greatly the performance of left and right sides product.
Here, return the generation of torque principle, the mechanism of the flutter component that produces torque is described.Torque is relevant with magnetic flux density, and under the situation that magnetic flux passes through easily, torque increases.The complexity of passing through of magnetic flux is called as magnetic conductance (inverse of magnetic resistance), with its quadratic power pro rata, torque takes place.Therefore, if magnetic conductance changes, then become torque pulsation or backlash torque.
In magnet as the generation source of magnetic flux, uneven distribution is arranged, have with the inconsistent symmetric situation of number of poles under, respond to this phenomenon in stator side, present the pulsation of number of times and its high-order component consistent with the groove number.High-order component is may not be the sinusoidal wave higher harmonic components that causes that changes by inhomogeneous component.
By air, the tooth from stator core returns magnet by returning yoke (back yoke) part to main magnetic flux again, so the material of passage is divided into two parts from magnet.A part is the air that is present between rotor and the stator, and another part is to constitute magnetic unshakable in one's determination.In recent years in magnetic, use duplexer more and more of electromagnetic steel plate, so the magnetic characteristic of electromagnetic steel plate becomes problem under many circumstances.At the skewness of main magnetic flux flow, under existence and the inconsistent symmetric situation of groove number, respond to this phenomenon in rotor-side, the pulsation of number of times He its high-order component consistent with number of poles appears.
In the passage of magnetic flux, in air, the magnetic permeability μ of the complexity that the expression magnetic flux passes through is certain, so airborne magnetic flux manifests along with the variation of the length in gap (space).Make around the affected physical quantity of the main flux of rotor magnet and stator tooth and roughly be divided into two, one is the gap (being called the air gap) of the beeline between expression rotor magnet external diameter and the stator tooth, and another is the gap (being commonly referred to as A/F) between the adjacent stator tooth.
In addition, in order to make the winding operation easy, not that the iron core that is one with circular is made stator core, but adopt under the situation of the mode of cutting apart unshakable in one's determination part or all between the tooth, when divided position is joined together, there is minim gap, becomes gap between the gap.
In addition, cut apart, made behind the winding under the articulate situation,, make the shape of this part different sometimes, produced structural inhomogeneities with other parts owing to engage the difference of the situation of operation in a part.
Secondly, with the magnetic permeability in the iron core of electromagnetic steel plate equimagnetic gonosome making, owing to various reasons, and produce individual difference, and in same individuality, produce uneven distribution mostly.As one of reason that produces same intraindividual difference, for example because the rolling direction of electromagnetic steel plate and magnetic characteristic different (being called magnetic anisotropy) on the vertical direction, so according to the method for die-cut iron core shape, sometimes at the specific part of iron core, the magnetic permeability difference.When using the die-cut electromagnetic steel plate of the blade of pattern in addition, because the power that blade applies, the magnetic permeability deterioration of increment face perhaps because the fixing embedding operation of the jog (being called caulking part) used of lamination, and makes caulking part and peripheral magnetic permeability deterioration thereof.
In addition, mostly under the situation, frame is installed in the stator core periphery that can not make stator displacement owing to the torque force that takes place between rotor that is rotated and the stator, carry out and the fixing manufacturing process of the bearing bracket stand of spring bearing, frame the power on the stator core periphery of giving is affected near not only making the periphery of the stator core that magnetic flux passes through hardly, but also be affected near making tooth as the main thoroughfare, sometimes make magnetic characteristic deterioration as the electromagnetic steel plate of the passage of main flux, perhaps cause the displacement of tooth, the internal diameter shape of stator core is changed.
In ideal conditions, if make gap and magnetic characteristic equably for number of poles, groove number, the backlash torque of low number of times can take place then.
As mentioned above, frequency is counted consistent torque pulsation of Z or backlash torque with groove owing to the inhomogeneities of magnet side, because the inhomogeneities of air gap, the inhomogeneities of A/F, the inhomogeneities in gap between the space, the distribution of the magnetic characteristic relevant with the magnetic anisotropy of electromagnetic steel plate, die-cut or caulking part, the stress of frame, the local deterioration of magnetic permeability and the magnetic characteristic that takes place distributes, the uneven distribution of cutting apart gap between space unshakable in one's determination in addition, or the structural various reasons such as inhomogeneities at junction surface, and frequency torque pulsation or the backlash torque consistent with number of poles 2p.
In order to improve batch process, these reasons that the restriction of the operating accuracy in manufacture method or the manufacturing process causes will inevitably take place in the motor of reality.
Be conceived to said manufacturing process, can see in order to reduce the trial of torque pulsation or backlash torque.A kind of like this countermeasure has for example been proposed: in order to obtain the uniformity of air gap, when being pressed into stator in the frame, fix, guarantee the roundness (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1) of internal diameter by exerting pressure equably from inside week of periphery unshakable in one's determination.
In addition, make the direction of magnetic anisotropy and the central angle skew of tooth, reduce the torque pulsation or the backlash torque (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2) that cause by magnetic anisotropy.
In addition, make the thickness of frame keep evenly making frame be added in trying hard to keep on the stator and holding evenly as much as possible, prevent that the internal diameter shape of stator from becoming inhomogeneous, prevent the increase (for example, with reference to patent documentation 3) of torque pulsation or backlash torque thus.
In addition, consideration has proposed to limit the countermeasure (for example, with reference to patent documentation 4,5) of caulking part number by the influence that caulking part causes.
In addition, stacked by carrying out along circumferential configuration seam portion with about equally interval, eliminate the inhomogeneities (for example, with reference to patent documentation 6) of the magnetic flux that causes by seam portion.
In addition, the terminal part of cambium layer laminated core so promptly, makes the first of its inner peripheral surface with close permanent magnet and away from the second portion of inner peripheral surface, is asymmetrical shape, suppresses backlash torque or torque pulsation (for example, with reference to patent documentation 7) thus.
[patent documentation 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2001-218429 communique
The flat 9-23687 communique of [patent documentation 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
[patent documentation 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2001-95199 communique
[patent documentation 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2001-258225 communique
[patent documentation 5] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2002-272074 communique
The flat 6-52346 communique of [patent documentation 6] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
The flat 9-103062 communique of [patent documentation 7] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
[non-patent literature 1] large space between muscles shakes abundant seven people such as grade, " the experiment discussion of the backlash torque of the PM motor when applying external stress ", the electric whirler research data RM-03-152 of association (2003), P13-18
As described in above-mentioned existing technology,, just can not reduce torque pulsation or backlash torque fully if only take only to be conceived to the countermeasure of a characteristic.Particularly in the motor of the reality of producing in batches, be difficult to not consider operating accuracy, ad infinitum making torque pulsation or backlash torque is 0.
In addition, suppressing under the situation of backlash torque or torque pulsation by control, because the information stores that is necessary backlash torque that motor is had or torque pulsation is in the memory of control device and utilize it, so there is the become problem of complexity etc. of apparatus structure and even manufacturing management.
Therefore, torque pulsation that requirement will produce owing to the operating error of motor or backlash torque quantification reduce its technology in the motor monomer.
In permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor, about with the torque pulsation of the identical number of number of poles 2p of magnet or the reason of backlash torque, be that the overlapping of complexity of a variety of causes such as inhomogeneities of inhomogeneities, magnetic characteristic owing to space part taken place.In the case, be necessary a variety of causes is separated, correctly estimate, the correction of taking to reduce usefulness respectively comes corresponding with countermeasure., producing in batches on-the-spotly, under the situation of carrying out the short-term product development, individually pursuing these various reasons, taking some countermeasures respectively, spended time, labour, fund and also be very difficult technically.
The present invention finishes in order to solve above-mentioned problem, purpose is: do not need to investigate with the reason separately of the complexity of separating torque pulsation or backlash torque and take some countermeasures respectively, can obtain a kind of will being reduced to the torque pulsation of the flutter component of the number of poles 2p same number of magnet or backlash torque and ad infinitum approach 0 permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and manufacture method thereof.
Summary of the invention
In permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of the present invention, have: form circularly, have the stator of Z (Z the is a natural number) tooth that has disposed winding; And have and utilize permanent magnet to carry out the magnetic pole of 2p (p the is a natural number) utmost point of excitation, be inserted into the interior rotor of annulus of stator, make energising mutually for the N phase, at least 1 phase, be to the maximum N-1 mutually in, each shape mutually of shape and other of the tooth that forms each phase is taken on a different shape.
In addition, at least 1 phase, be to the maximum in the tooth of N-1 phase, be formed on the caulking part that other does not form in mutually.
In addition, in the manufacture method of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of the present invention, comprise the following steps: stator core is had tooth and other motor identical of creating conditions of symmetric shape with final specification, measure backlash torque or torque pulsation that it produces, as with the reference position being the phase information of foundation and the step of amplitude information; Form the shape stator core manufacturing process different of at least 1 phase, the maximum N-1 tooth in mutually with the odontoid of other phase, so that corresponding to the backlash torque or the torque pulsation that are produced, the generation backlash torque that amplitude roughly is equal to, phase place is opposite or the step of torque pulsation; And utilize stator core manufacturing process, make the step of motor.
If employing the present invention, when then for example being 3 phase motor, since UVW mutually in, only change the iron core shape of 1 phase or 2 phases, so utilize by being backlash torque or the torque pulsation that asymmetrical iron core shape takes place corresponding to the energising number of phases, offset on the structure or backlash torque that the inhomogeneities of the stator that takes place in the manufacturing process causes, the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor that has reduced overall backlash torque can be provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the key diagram of joint type iron core of stator of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is that expression is in order to compare with the present invention, at the figure that is equivalent to Fig. 1 of the stator of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of the conventional example of development phase trial-production.
Fig. 4 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 3.
Fig. 5 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 4.
Fig. 7 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 5.
Fig. 8 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 6.
Fig. 9 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 7.
Figure 10 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 8.
Figure 11 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 9.
Figure 12 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 10.
Figure 13 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 11.
Figure 14 is the profile of section perpendicular to axial direction of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 12.
Among the figure 1: stator core, 2: seam (weld part), 3: caulking part, 4: winding (coil), 5: axle, 6: rotor core, 7: permanent magnet, 8: the arrow of the rolling direction of expression electromagnetic steel plate, 9: the riveted joint pin of tooth main part central authorities, 10: frame
Embodiment
The present invention has: form circularly, have the stator of Z (Z the is a natural number) tooth that has disposed winding (coil); And the permanent magnet with 2p (p is a natural number) utmost point, be inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator.Specifically, under the situation of shrink-fit or molding process, it is not circular that frame also can be utilized profile, roughly is the frame that quadrangle etc. has the shape of thickness distribution.
In the operation before frame is installed, the mark note that will discern on each tooth of stator is in more than one position, as the reference position.Under having as the situation of cutting apart articulate seam unshakable in one's determination portion, also can be with seam portion as the reference position.
In advanced development, make the common stator core of the symmetric shape of a plurality of amounts with number of teeth, measure backlash torque or torque pulsation, the state that is taken place is separated into based on the phase information and the amplitude information of reference position is held.
Corresponding to the backlash torque or the torque pulsation that are taken place, produce amplitude about equally, backlash torque or torque pulsation that phase place is opposite, for this reason, for example if 3 phase motor, then UVW mutually in, only change 1 mutually or the iron core shape of 2 phases be feature.
Thus, utilization is by being backlash torque or the torque pulsation that asymmetrical iron core shape takes place corresponding to the energising number of phases, offset on the structure or backlash torque that the inhomogeneities of the stator that takes place in the manufacturing process causes, can obtain to have reduced the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and the manufacture method thereof of overall backlash torque.
(execution mode 1)
Fig. 1 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 1 that the present invention uses, and Fig. 2 is the key diagram of joint type iron core of stator of the permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of expression embodiments of the present invention 1.In Fig. 1, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.
As shown in Figure 2, joint type iron core 1 is to wind the line under the straight state by iron core is launched, and the easy automation of winding process can directed coiling, the batch process that has improved winding process, and can improve the performance of winding.
After having finished coiling, iron core is closed into circle, welding forms stator behind the end.Among Fig. 1, the seam of 2 expression stator cores 1, the 3rd, form the caulking part that save the pass of stator core 1, the 4th, be wrapped in the winding on each tooth 1a of stator core 1.As shown in Figure 1, this winding 4 is wound into and makes magnetic pole concentrate, and seaming position as the reference position, is formed the UVW phase to the dextrorotation direction successively.
The annular permanent 7 that will be magnetized into 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4) is attached on the surface of the rotor core 6 that has embedded axle 5, constitutes rotor.
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, conduct is perpendicular to the section shape of the frame of armature spindle 5, and profile, interior shape all are predetermined circular (to call circular frame in the following text).
In this execution mode 1, the tooth main part width of 4 teeth of V phase is makeed an appointment than U phase V reduce 30%, between UVW, establish the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly.
Secondly, the process of the asymmetry of establishing above-mentioned odontoid is described.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the stator of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of the conventional example of development phase trial-production.Among Fig. 3, tooth (groove) shape is symmetry 12 times, UVW mutually in, shape is identical.About 3 in trial-production machine shown in Figure 3, the torque pulsation and the backlash torque of load ± 100% have been measured.Its result, 3 measurement result are that electrical angle has 8 peak values in 1 cycle, the component that promptly has 2 times pulsation of number of pole-pairs is most, and their amplitude is: concerning torque pulsation, be 2.0% ± 0.15% of nominal torque, concerning the backlash torque, be 1.5% ± 0.1%.In addition, only extract the phase place of the pulsation under the component situation of 2 times pulsation out, be respectively 150 degree ± 30 degree with respect to the reference position with number of pole-pairs.
Amplitude is 2.0% torque pulsation and 1.5% backlash torque, and is too big as product, is necessary to be reduced to below 1.0%.
About these torque pulsations that 2 times component with number of pole-pairs presents, investigated reason, the result distinguished because in seam portion, and is different with the structure of other joint portion and take place., about the manufacture method of joint type iron core, be the method that especially improves winding process and performance, having known can not be by improving original reason, the torque pulsation of 2 times of components of number of pole-pairs that the structure difference of reduction seam portion causes.
Therefore, in 3 bench teat system machines, the phase place that is conceived to torque pulsation is near 150 degree, the electricity consumption magnetic field analytical method has been studied the torque pulsation that takes place when UVW makes tooth be asymmetrical shape in mutually, if only make the facewidth degree narrow approximately 30% of 4 V phases as can be known, then produce have with the trial-production machine in the amplitude of the pulse same degree that takes place, phase deviation the torque pulsations that become 330 degree of 180 degree.
In 2 times of torque pulsations that present with number of pole-pairs, research by the inventor, having understood can be overlapping because indivedual former resulting torque pulsations, so have asymmetry by the odontoid that makes the UVW phase, the torque pulsation that unavoidable cause that the difference owing to the structure of seam portion takes place is caused can be cancelled each other.
According to above content, make the stator core of only V having been changed mutually odontoid shown in Figure 1, when having measured torque pulsation and backlash torque, the amplitude of torque pulsation is 0.5%, the amplitude of backlash torque is 0.1%, can reduce torque pulsation.
But different with conventional example, owing to the facewidth degree of 1 phase has been attenuated, so lack than conventional example by the magnetic flux in the tooth, average torque descends, but owing to be the interior reduction of specification limit, so no problem as product.In addition,, improve the intensity of the magnet of rotor-side, or core material is become material that magnetic flux passes through easily etc., replenish with other countermeasure about average torque.
As mentioned above, mutually different with original UVW, by specially asymmetricly forming the position that form odontoid symmetrically, can reduce the torque pulsation or the backlash torque that take place inevitably on the structure.
In this execution mode 1, though only changed iron core shape at W in mutually, the present invention does not limit the asymmetrical number of phases that reaches mutually, according to the state of trial-production machine, U mutually or V mutually in, in addition as required, UV phase, VW mutually like this in the two-phase change shape also have no relations.
In addition, in execution mode 1, by change facewidth degree, seek to reduce torque pulsation, but the present invention does not limit the position of change aspect iron core shape, at other position, for example the thickness of the shape of the face relative, tooth front end, tooth two ends width with rotor, be in the channel opening width etc., also can form the asymmetry of same UVW phase, about tooth, form asymmetry in addition and also have no relations.
But, position about the change shape, tooth front end shape or the channel opening width between the tooth of facing rotor are the main thoroughfares of magnetic flux, originally be preferably in the change shape in position big to the torque pulsation influence, but since with the magnitude relationship of foozle, be difficult to control under the situation of shape, increase variable quantity and change the position little, also produce effect the influence of torque pulsation.
In addition, in execution mode 1, though utilize alternate asymmetrical shape, the torque pulsation that joint type its specific structure unshakable in one's determination is caused is cancelled each other, but in the die-cut one iron core of circle, also can utilize alternate asymmetrical shape, for example make, owing to the different torque pulsations with the component of 2 times of appearance of number of pole-pairs that take place with magnetic characteristic on the vertical direction of the rolling direction of electromagnetic steel plate are cancelled each other.
In addition, in execution mode 1, owing to used the rounded frame of profile, so there is not to occur the torque pulsation of the component of 2 times of the numbers of pole-pairs that cause by frame, have thickness distribution at the profile of frame such as quadrangle etc., and form the back in frame stator core is produced stress distribution and distortion, the result occurs under the situation of torque pulsation of component of 2 times of numbers of pole-pairs, consider these, form alternate asymmetrical shape and also have no relations.
(execution mode 2)
Fig. 4 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 2 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 4, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4) rotors.
Not shown in this embodiment frame, but as the section shape perpendicular to the frame of armature spindle 5, profile, interior shape all are predetermined circular (to call circular frame in the following text).
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In this execution mode 2,2 tooth main part width are makeed an appointment than U phase V reduce 30%, between UVW, establish the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly.
The reduction effect of torque pulsation and backlash torque, the amplitude of torque pulsation becomes 1.0%, and the amplitude of backlash torque becomes 0.3%, though the reduction amount is littler than the reduction amount of execution mode 1, but it is be in the necessary specification limit, so no problem as the torque pulsation of product.In addition, compare with execution mode 1, by reduce refinement the number of tooth, also increased by the magnetic flux in the tooth than execution mode 1, so, can obtain the average torque effect bigger than execution mode 1.
The tooth main part that makes 4 teeth lacks carefully a little than the variable quantity of execution mode 1, also can obtain identical minimizing effect, but in middle-size and small-size motor, under little, the identical situation of variable quantity at the facewidth degree that becomes benchmark with the manufacturing tolerance degree, be subjected to the influence of foozle easily, become the reason of deviation, so adjust with the method that reduces number.
In addition, according to the tie lines method of winding, except the reduction effect of torque pulsation, the situation that shows bigger reduction effect to noise, vibration is arranged also.
Like this, have asymmetry at the odontoid that makes the UVW phase, reduce under the situation of torque pulsation, during the adjustment of the amount of reduction, change with all teeth mutually to the change shape and to compare, the method for adjusting with the number of tooth is more effective sometimes.
(execution mode 3)
Fig. 5 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 3 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 5, stator core 1 is the roughly rounded one iron core that is die-cut into by the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate of no seam, is to constitute having formed the unshakable in one's determination stacked of 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Not shown in this embodiment frame, but as the section shape perpendicular to the frame of armature spindle 5, profile, interior shape all are predetermined circular (to call circular frame in the following text).
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
Among Fig. 5, the rolling direction of the electromagnetic steel plate when 8 expressions are die-cut.In general, even known isotropism electromagnetic steel plate, on rolling direction and perpendicular direction, the complexity that magnetic flux passes through is also different, be die-cut into by electromagnetic steel plate under the situation of circular, because rolling direction produces torque pulsation with the different magnetism asymmetry that cause of complexity that the magnetic flux of vertical direction passes through.
In this execution mode 3, to cancel each other in order to make the torque pulsation that causes by the magnetic asymmetry, the width of tooth main part of 4 teeth that makes the V phase little than U phase, W phase set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly between UVW.
(execution mode 4)
Fig. 6 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 4 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 6, stator core 1 is the roughly rounded one iron core that is die-cut into by the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate of no seam, is to constitute having formed the unshakable in one's determination stacked of 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Frame is a kind of frame of such design: as the section shape perpendicular to the frame of armature spindle 5, interior shape is rounded, and profile is quadrangle (being roughly square) (to call square frame in the following text).
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
By shrink-fit, carry out the rack-mounted operation of stator, but stator core at this moment is subjected to the stress from frame, finally on the internal diameter of stator core, deform, local residual stress takes place simultaneously.The distribution of residual stress causes that the deterioration of the magnetic characteristic of steel plate unshakable in one's determination distributes, and becomes the reason of torque pulsation.Under the situation of circular frame, the variation that each tooth is subjected to about equally, but under the situation of square frame, it is different that the thick part of the thickness of frame and thin part are given stress unshakable in one's determination, so in 12 teeth, the asymmetry of the big part that changes and little part.
In this execution mode 4, except the magnetic asymmetry that the rolling direction of the steel plate described in the execution mode 3 causes, in order to offset asymmetry by the stress generation of frame, the width of tooth main part of 4 teeth that makes the V phase little than U phase, W phase set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly between UVW.
(execution mode 5)
Fig. 7 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 5 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 7, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In this execution mode 5, make U mutually and the nose thickness of W 8 teeth mutually thick than V phase, between UVW, set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly.The main part of tooth is the main passage of magnetic flux, and the variation of the width of the main part of tooth influences torque pulsation sensitively.Therefore, in middle-size and small-size motor, under the variable quantity of the main part width situation identical, not to change the main part width but the thickness of change tooth front end with the foozle degree.Be actually the thickness of an opposite side that increases the tooth front end, but compare, can obtain equal torque pulsation and reduce effect with bigger change in size with the situation that changes tooth main part width with rotor.That is, the influence of foozle is diminished.
(execution mode 6)
Fig. 8 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 6 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 8, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In this execution mode 6, the front end width of 4 teeth that makes the V phase thin than U phase W phase set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly between UVW.Make the change width of tooth front end, make space part between the tooth exactly, be the channel opening change width.The channel opening width is the main thoroughfare of magnetic flux, so torque pulsation is big corresponding to the sensitivity of the variable quantity of size.Effective in high capacity motor.
(execution mode 7)
Fig. 9 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 7 that the present invention uses.In Fig. 9, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In this execution mode 7, the length that makes 4 teeth between the VV is set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly than the weak point between the UU and between the WW between UVW.Make the length variations of tooth, make space part between tooth leading section and the rotor magnet exactly, be that gap length changes.The gap is the main thoroughfare of magnetic flux, so torque pulsation is big corresponding to the sensitivity of the variable quantity of size.Effective in high capacity motor.
(execution mode 8)
Figure 10 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 8 that the present invention uses.In Figure 10, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 8 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 4).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In this execution mode 8, with U mutually W compare, the angle position of 4 teeth of V phase is arranged on the position of departing from, between UVW, set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly.The said spacing of the direction of rotation of tooth that makes changes, and is magnetic flux length and the space between rotor flux and the tooth (channel opening portion and gap) both variations that make tooth inside.It is effective when obviously very big to have made the torque pulsation that produces under the situation of UVW phase symmetrically.
(execution mode 9)
Figure 11 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 9 that the present invention uses.In Figure 11, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 18 tooth 1a and 18 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 16 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 8).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding 4 be from seaming position begin to turn left be followed successively by U,
U, V,
V, V, W,
W, W.Here, U, V, W represent the sense of current to right rotation, and be different therewith,
U,
V,
WThe expression sense of current shows the winding direction or the tie lines that change winding thus to anticlockwise.
Though these execution mode 9 utmost point groove numbers are different with execution mode 1, make the thickness ratio of 4 tooth front ends of V phase
UPhase, V phase,
VPhase, W phase,
WApproaching of phase set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly between UVW, the torque pulsation that is produced by structural asymmetry or magnetic asymmetry is cancelled each other.
(execution mode 10)
Figure 12 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 10 that the present invention uses.In Figure 12, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 18 tooth 1a and 18 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 16 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 8).
In addition, be not to be die-cut into circular once, but die-cut 180 degree (roughly semicircle) are made laminates (to call piece in the following text).Make the rolling direction of electromagnetic steel plate and the center of piece as one man carry out die-cut.After having carried out coiling on each piece, two pieces are combined as a circle, stator core is made by solder joint portion.
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding is identical with execution mode 9.
In this execution mode 10, only make be positioned at the piece end U mutually and the tooth front end of the piece seam portion side of W 4 teeth mutually attenuate, between UVW, set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly, make the structural asymmetry of the seam portion that is positioned at two positions or the torque pulsation that causes owing to the consistent magnetic asymmetry that produces with the piece center of rolling direction is cancelled each other.
(execution mode 11)
Figure 13 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 11 that the present invention uses.In Figure 13, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute the isotropism electromagnetic steel plate that has formed 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b is stacked.Rotor is the rotor of 10 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 5).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, frame is circular.
Winding be from seaming position begin to turn left be followed successively by U,
U, V,
V, V, W,
W, W.
Though these execution mode 11 utmost point groove numbers are different with execution mode 1, make
UThe width ratio of 2 tooth main parts of phase
UPhase, V phase,
VPhase, W phase,
WPhase thin set up the asymmetry of odontoid wittingly between UVW, the torque pulsation that is produced by structural asymmetry or magnetic asymmetry is cancelled each other.
(execution mode 12)
Figure 14 is the profile of the section perpendicular to axial direction of the expression permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor of implementing the execution mode 12 that the present invention uses.In Figure 14, stator core 1 is the joint type iron core, is to constitute having formed the unshakable in one's determination stacked of 12 tooth 1a and 12 groove 1b.Rotor is the rotor of 10 utmost points (number of pole-pairs is 5).
Though not shown in this embodiment frame, conduct is perpendicular to the section shape of the frame of armature spindle 5, and profile, interior shape all are predetermined circular (to call circular frame in the following text).
Winding 4 is identical with execution mode 1.
In general, even known isotropism electromagnetic steel plate, on rolling direction and perpendicular direction, magnetic flux to pass through complexity also different, be die-cut into by electromagnetic steel plate under the situation of circular, produce since with the torque pulsation of passing through the different magnetism asymmetry that cause of complexity of the magnetic flux of rolling direction and vertical direction.
In this execution mode 12, cancel each other in order to make the torque pulsation that causes by the magnetic asymmetry, be provided with riveted joint pin 9 in the central authorities of the tooth main part of 4 teeth of V phase, between UVW, set up the asymmetry of toothing wittingly.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor has: form circular, as to have Z the tooth that has disposed winding stator, Z is a natural number; And have utilize permanent magnet carried out the 2p utmost point of excitation magnetic pole, be inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator, p is a natural number, and makes energising be the N phase mutually, it is characterized in that:
At least 1 phase, maximum N-1 mutually in, make each the variform shape mutually that is shaped as of the tooth that forms this each phase with other.
2, a kind of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor has: form circular, as to have Z the tooth that has disposed winding stator, Z is a natural number; And have utilize permanent magnet carried out the 2p utmost point of excitation magnetic pole, be inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator, p is a natural number, and makes energising be the N phase mutually, it is characterized in that:
The direction of current flow that makes at least 1 phase, maximum N-1 phase is the shape of tooth of the phase of dextrorotation, and is different with the shape of the tooth of left-handed phase.
3, permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: make the main part width of the tooth that forms each phase, little or big than other phase.
4, permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: make the nose thickness of the tooth that forms each phase, thick or thin than other phase.
5, permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: make the front end width of the tooth that forms each phase, wide or narrow than other phase.
6, permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: make the length of the tooth that forms each phase, than the weak point or the length of other phase.
7, permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the current direction in a certain phase or a certain phase is in the phase or the part for left-handed phase of dextrorotation, make the tooth center of each phase of formation and the angle intervals between the tooth center, be the angle intervals mutually different with other.
8, a kind of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor has: form circular, as to have Z the tooth that has disposed winding stator, Z is a natural number; And have the 2p utmost point permanent magnet, be inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator, p is a natural number, and makes energising be the N phase mutually, it is characterized in that:
In the tooth of at least 1 phase, maximum N-1 phase, formed the caulking part that does not form in mutually at other.
9, a kind of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor has: form circular, as to have Z the tooth that has disposed winding stator, Z is a natural number; And the permanent magnet with 2p utmost point, being inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator, p is a natural number, and makes energising be the N phase mutually, it is characterized in that:
In the direction of current flow of at least 1 phase, maximum N-1 phase is in a part of tooth or a part of tooth for left-handed phase of phase of dextrorotation, has formed the caulking part that does not form in mutually at other.
10, a kind of manufacture method of permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor, this permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor has: form circular, as to have Z the tooth that has disposed winding stator, Z is a natural number; And have utilize permanent magnet carry out the 2p utmost point of excitation magnetic pole, be inserted into the rotor in the annulus of stator, p is a natural number, and makes energising be the N phase mutually, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Stator core is had tooth and other motor identical with final specification of creating conditions of symmetric shape, measure backlash torque or torque pulsation that its produces, as based on the phase information of reference position and the step of amplitude information;
Form the shape stator core manufacturing process different of at least 1 phase, the maximum N-1 tooth in mutually with the odontoid of other phase, thereby make corresponding to the backlash torque or the torque pulsation that are produced the generation backlash torque that amplitude roughly is equal to, phase place is opposite or the step of torque pulsation; And
With above-mentioned stator core manufacturing process, make the step of motor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005132805A JP2006311738A (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2005-04-28 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor and its manufacturing method |
| JP2005132805 | 2005-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1855675A true CN1855675A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510135742 Pending CN1855675A (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2005-12-29 | Permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and method for manufacturing same |
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| CN (1) | CN1855675A (en) |
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