CN1855628A - Intellectual antenna device on board - Google Patents
Intellectual antenna device on board Download PDFInfo
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- CN1855628A CN1855628A CNA2005100342743A CN200510034274A CN1855628A CN 1855628 A CN1855628 A CN 1855628A CN A2005100342743 A CNA2005100342743 A CN A2005100342743A CN 200510034274 A CN200510034274 A CN 200510034274A CN 1855628 A CN1855628 A CN 1855628A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
A vehicle intelligent antenna apparatus comprises: multi antenna elements arranged in one dimension; there is an interval space predetermined in a 1/2 wavelength between every two elements; after each antenna element locates all satellites received, said antenna apparatus covers all satellites by using several directional radiation patterns in order to save power consumption, keep maximum wave interference suppression and respectively receive multi radio carrier signals from satellites. The invention also comprises a sampling calculation module coupled to the antenna elements for use in extracting the satellite information received by said antenna elements and adjusting said radiation patterns.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of intelligent antenna (Smart Antenna) device, and particularly relevant for a kind of intellectual antenna device on board.
Background technology
Global positioning system (Global Positioning System is hereinafter to be referred as GPS) is time-consuming 20 years of U.S. Department of Defense, and cost surpasses the 12000000000 dollars of accurate satellite navigation of cover location plans that began to develop in 1973.Began emission from 1978, and in location, formal round-the-clock three-dimensional space of in October, 1993.The exploitation of GPS supports the military needs of going up on aviation and the aircraft to develop, the whole system development is finished, having 26 artificial position location satellites altogether is distributed on 6 tracks and turns round, each interorbital is 55 degree angles mutually, when making on earth any of user of GPS,, if no landform or build the thing facility and cover, the neither influence that is subjected to weather, and can receive the signal of 4～8 position location satellites and located.Satellite overhead highly is about 20,000 kilometers, belongs to around utmost point satellite, and about 12 hours of the cycle of operation, its life-span is about 75 years.
GPS has comprised space unit, control unit and user unit.What wherein the space unit referred to is exactly 26 position location satellites, and control unit comprises a master station, three ground-plane antennas and five monitoring stations.In addition, the user unit refers to the device that can receive gps satellite information, for example has the PDA of GPS function, automobile-used GPS device ... Deng.Because the GPS purposes is very wide, the user can adopt the receiver of difference in functionality and precision according to the difference of purpose.
Smart-antenna system is the technology of a kind of wave radiation of rising in recent years, it mainly is the antenna that is applied in the mobile phone base station, utilize the cover very complicated " blindly " algorithm, the orientation of coming estimating subscriber's reaches and saves power and the interference signal that suppresses with frequency band to form different electromagnetic wave field patterns.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of known automobile-used gps antenna field pattern.Please refer to Fig. 1, known automobile-used gps antenna utilizes omni-directional or forward direction type car antenna receives the framing signal that position location satellite sends.With the omni-directional antenna, it can receive framing signal with same field pattern to whole sky, therefore usually can be subjected to the interference of other signal.Fig. 1 institute is in order that forward direction type antenna, and in a clockwise direction, though the noise that forward direction type antenna right-90 is spent in the scopes of 90 degree has the isolated degree of very high signal ,-90 scopes of spending of spending 90 still are subjected to other interference of noise easily.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that a kind of more simple intelligent antenna calculation mode is being provided, utilize satellite unlike the cellphone subscriber have highly ambulant characteristic, all-sky can searched at the beginning earlier and after learning satellite position, divide the field pattern of several directions to contain all satellites of sky again, this a kind of mode can significantly reduce general intelligence type antenna because " blindly " time of algorithm computation and the system resource of waste.
Another purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of intellectual antenna device on board exactly, the interference problem outside field pattern of can preventing.
Purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of intellectual antenna device on board, and is coupled on the electronic installation.Intellectual antenna device on board of the present invention includes several antenna elements, it is arranged in the equidistant antenna array of one dimension (Uniform Linear Array, be called for short ULA), these antenna element distance each other is 1/2 of a preset wavelength, and these antenna element and every day kind of thread elements can be at the satellite of the search all-sky of first omnidirectional at the beginning, determine day aerial all receptions behind the position at satellite place, utilize antenna element with the electromagnetic wave field pattern of several directions all satellites to be contained respectively again.To save most the mechanism that power and maximum wave interference suppress, to receive respectively most the wireless carrier signal that satellite information is arranged.In addition, the present invention also comprises the sampling computing module, and couples these antenna element.The sampling computing module is used for taking out and calculating the satellite information that antenna element receives, and adjusts with the radiation pattern (Radiation Pattern) that antenna element is received satellite information.
And in GPS,, just can make the three-dimensional coordinate of present position because need the satellite information of at least 4 position location satellites.So above-mentioned antenna element, first antenna element, second antenna element, third antenna element and the 4th antenna element have been comprised, be used for receiving respectively the satellite information that position location satellite was sent of 4 kinds of direction differences with the field pattern of four direction, find four position location satellites to reach the purpose of location in the mode of saving power most.
And the content of above-mentioned satellite information more comprises longitude, latitude, speed, direction and the parameter of one of them highly at least, carries out navigator fix with the electronic installation that provides the present invention to be coupled.
And in general, satellite information is modulated on the wireless carrier signal of 1575.42MHz, and therefore above-mentioned mentioned preset wavelength is 19 centimeters.
From another viewpoint, the invention provides a kind of intellectual antenna device on board, be coupled in equally on the electronic installation.Intellectual antenna device on board of the present invention has comprised antenna array and has coupled the radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit of antenna array, wherein antenna array has several antenna elements, every day kind of thread elements can determine at the beginning day aerial all receptions behind the position at satellite place, with the electromagnetic wave field pattern of several directions all satellites are contained respectively, to save most the mechanism that power and maximum wave interference suppress, receive most the wireless carrier signal that satellite information is arranged respectively, the radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit then is converted into fundamental frequency signal with these wireless carrier signal.In addition, the present invention more comprises algorithm unit and wave beam synthesis unit.Wherein algorithm unit couples the radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit, is used for calculating the weight (Weight) of each antenna element.The wave beam synthesis unit then couples radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit and algorithm unit, and it utilizes a plural number (Complex) weighing vector, and adjusts the field pattern that these antenna element receives wireless carrier signal according to the weight of each antenna element.
In addition, intelligent antenna device of the present invention more comprises the fundamental frequency signal processing unit, and it couples the wave beam synthesis unit, is used for the noise of filtering fundamental frequency signal.And fundamental frequency signal delivered to the electronic installation that the present invention couples, make this electronic installation carry out navigator fix according to fundamental frequency signal.
In sum, the antenna element that the present invention is included, for determine at each antenna day aerial all receptions behind the position at satellite place, with the electromagnetic wave field pattern of several directions all satellites are contained respectively, to save most the mechanism that power and maximum wave interference suppress, receive most the wireless carrier signal that satellite information is arranged respectively, and because can't there be too big moving at the seat of satellite within the short time, and earlier can determine the electromagnetic wave field pattern that to launch faster at the beginning with the satellite position of the mode searching satellite repayment of all-sky, having saved traditional intelligence type antenna need estimate target with complicated algorithm for object and decide electromagnetic field pattern. also because divide a plurality of field patterns that satellite-signal is contained, therefore, the noise of other direction will be suppressed, and makes the present invention have preferable Signal Spacing degree to noise.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of known automobile-used gps antenna field pattern.
Fig. 2 is a kind of intellectual antenna device on board calcspar according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the radiation pattern schematic diagram according to a kind of antenna element of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that receives satellite information according to a kind of antenna element of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is a kind of intellectual antenna device on board calcspar according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Please refer to Fig. 2, so-called intelligent antenna is adopted the antenna element of deciding the geometry arrangement form especially for one group exactly.Therefore in the present invention, antenna array 210 has several for example antenna elements of 212, and these antenna element is arranged with an equidistant antenna array of one dimension, and each antenna element is all at a distance of a predeterminable range d.In the present embodiment, antenna array 210 is coupled to sampling computing module 220, and the satellite information of the position location satellite that is received by antenna array 210 sees through sampling computing module 220 and delivers in the electronic installation of for example automobile-used GPS device 230 again, to carry out navigator fix.
Please continue with reference to Fig. 2, in the present invention, each antenna element is after electronic installation is activated, promptly the go ahead of the rest position at omnibearing search all-sky satellite place, each antenna determine day aerial all receptions behind the position at satellite place, with the electromagnetic wave field pattern of several directions all satellites are contained respectively again, for saving most the mechanism that power and maximum wave interference suppress, and can decide the electric wave direction in the mode of simplifying most to save calculation resources, as shown in Figure 3.
And among the present invention, can with four default antenna elements the aerial all satellite-signals in sky be divided into four reception field patterns earlier contains, and expectation can search four satellites that can locate with minimum antenna element, shown in figure two.
Wherein, utilize as long as four characteristics that satellite can be accomplished satellite fix contain day aerial all satellites to utilize four minimum antenna elements to launch four electromagnetic wave field patterns.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the radiation pattern schematic diagram according to a kind of antenna element of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Please merge with reference to Fig. 3 A and figure B, and have the knack of this skill person and can understand feature of the present invention for asking, below be that example is narrated with antenna element 212 only.In the present invention, antenna element can divide several electric wave field patterns that all satellites of sky are contained after the direction that searches the satellite repayment., as shown in Figure 3A.Suppose, the received signal direction of antenna element 212, as the scope of dotted line representative among Fig. 3 B, just radiation pattern 31.Therefore have the knack of this skill person and work as and to learn that according to Fig. 3 B only the satellite information that is comprised at radiation pattern 31 just can be received, and the interference signal beyond radiation pattern 31 will be suppressed.
In addition, the sampling computing module 220 in the present invention also can be adjusted the radiation pattern of antenna element according to satellite information.For example in Fig. 3, when original radiation pattern 31 is subjected to covering of building for example and can't receive satellite information the time, sampling computing module 220 can change into 33 with the radiation pattern of antenna element 212 by 31 according to satellite information.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that receives satellite information according to a kind of antenna element of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Please refer to Fig. 4, the satellite information that has position location satellite 41 and position location satellite 43 to be sent in the radiation pattern 31 of antenna 212, then antenna 212 can be contained the satellite information within the field pattern scope.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, when electronic installation is in mobile status, antenna element can be earlier with comprehensive locate mode, the position of localized electron device and then the satellite that has maximum power when looking for its communication in the air in the sky, to guarantee to receive the satellite information of maximum power, and because electronic installation is in and moves, therefore Fig. 4 radiation pattern and on-fixed of doing, but sampling computing module 220 as shown in Figure 2 can interruptedly not go to calculate and its satellite that has maximum power when the communication, with the emitted radiation pattern of control these antenna.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, it utilizes satellite to move slow characteristic and determines the electromagnetic wave field pattern faster, needs complicated " blindly " algorithm to decide the shortcoming of electromagnetic wave field pattern to improve known smart type antenna.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emitted radiation pattern of antenna element is not to include only the satellite with maximum communication power, comprises also that in addition other is not the satellite of maximum communication power.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emitted radiation pattern of antenna element can for example be to have contained all position location satellites.
In general, satellite information has comprised parameter data such as longitude, latitude, speed, direction height.Therefore, the electronic installation that sampling computing module 220 is coupled just can utilize above parameter data to carry out navigator fix.And in the technology of GPS, satellite information is modulated on the wireless carrier signal of a predeterminated frequency and transmits, and in general this predeterminated frequency is 1575.42MHz, and this frequency is also referred to as the L1 frequency.At this, we represent wavelength with λ, and υ represents frequency and C represents the light velocity, just can be according to following formula:
And the wavelength X that obtains the wireless carrier signal of L1 frequency equals 19 centimeters.
Please continue with reference to Fig. 2, in the technology of GPS, need the satellite information that position location satellite sent of 4 differences, just can make the three-dimensional coordinate of position.Therefore, present embodiment is set at 4 with the quantity of antenna element, is respectively antenna element 212,214,216 and 218, and each antenna element is each other then at a distance of a predeterminable range d.And because the radiation pattern of antenna element, the distance between two antenna elements, by 1/2 o'clock of signal wavelength of reception be optimal.And because the cause that the wavelength X of the wireless carrier signal of L1 frequency equals 19 centimeters, so in the present embodiment predeterminable range d is set at 9.5 centimeters.
Though above-mentioned quantity with antenna element is set 4 for, do not represent the present invention to leave no choice but design like this, have the knack of this skill person and can revise voluntarily according to actual needs.In addition, position location satellite also has a kind of wireless carrier signal of L2 frequency.When the present invention designed the wireless carrier signal that receives this frequency, then above-mentioned predeterminable range d then must be modified to 12 centimeters.
Please continue with reference to Fig. 2, in sampling computing module 220, the input of radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit 222 couples antenna array 210, and its output is coupled to algorithm unit 224 and wave beam synthesis unit 226 respectively.And wave beam synthesis unit 226 is that the electronic installation of delivering to for example automobile-used GPS device 230 again carries out navigator fix with the output of algorithm unit 224 and radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit 222 after treatment.
In more detail, radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit 222 is used for converting wireless carrier signal to fundamental frequency signal, so that satellite information is taken off from wireless carrier signal, and delivers to algorithm unit 224 and wave beam synthesis unit 226.Wherein, for example discrete signal is handled the algorithm unit 224 of (DSP) chip, is used for calculating the weight of each antenna element, and the result is delivered to wave beam synthesis unit 226.And wave beam synthesis unit 226 is exactly the weight according to each antenna element, adjusts the radiation pattern that each antenna element receives wireless carrier signal.
A kind of method of calculating the weight of antenna element below is provided, but does not limit the present invention with this.At first, consider that received signal is the signal source of K far field and narrow frequency, the equidistant antenna array of being made up of the individual identical antenna element of one group of M of one dimension is received, and supposes that all signal sources and all antenna element are copline incident.If signal source s
i(t) the formed angle of incident direction and vertical direction is θ
i, then i the formed vector of received signal of antenna array can be by the direction vector of signal source
a(θ
i) be expressed as:
x i(t)＝
a(θ
i)s
i(t)
Wherein
" T " expression transposed matrix operator, d is the distance between the antenna element, d=λ/2 wherein, λ is the wavelength of received signal.
And K signal arranged simultaneously by the antenna array time receiving, and exist under additive property white Gaussian coloured noise (AWGN) situation, received signal is expressed as (situation of not considering to have earlier interference signal) again:
Wherein
A
s＝[
a(θ
1)，
a(θ
2)，...，
a(θ
K)]
S(t)＝[s
1(t)，s
2(t)，...，s
K(t)]
T
N(t)＝[n
1(t)，n
2(t)，...，n
M(t)]
T
Make n
i(t) be the noise signal (0＜i≤M), and all uncorrelated, and identical power σ is arranged of i antenna element with signal source
2
From top formula, we can obtain
X(t) general collection autocorrelation matrix is:
E[wherein] be the desired value of random signal process, " H " represents conjugate transpose operator, R
Xx=E
X(t)
X H(t) is the autocorrelation matrix of signal source vector; And when signal source uncorrelated mutually each other (Mutually Uncorrelated), R
SsFor diagonal matrix and the diagonal element of K * K is the power of signal source.I
NThe unit matrix of expression N * N.
Consider that the received signal of antenna array comprises K echo signal s under the situation of a plurality of echo signals source incident (being K＞1)
1(t), s
2(t) ..., s
K(t), with the additive white Gaussian that exists in the antenna element, that is:
Then the output signal y of wave beam synthesis unit 226 (t) can be expressed as:
Wherein
W=[w
1(t), w
2(t) ... w
M(t)]
TThe heavy coefficient vector of expression right-safeguarding, " * " is expressed as conjugate complex number.
And the power output of wave beam synthesis unit 226 is:
P
out＝E|y(t)|
2＝
W HR
xx W
Wherein
R
xx＝E
X(t)
X H(t)
Under the restriction that minimum output power is arranged, its mathematical expression can be expressed as:
And
C
H W＝
f
Wherein C is the restriction matrix of M * K dimension,
fBe the vector of K * 1 dimension, then we can obtain best separating:
Repeat the weight that above calculation program just can calculate each antenna.
In addition, more comprise fundamental frequency signal processing unit 228 in the computing module 220 in sampling, be used for the filtering fundamental frequency signal noise (for example: intersymbol interference (ISI)), again it is sent in the electronic installation that sampling computing module 220 coupled, to carry out navigator fix.
In sum, because the present invention always receives satellite information a preset signals recipient, so the noise of other direction will be suppressed effectively, so the present invention has preferable isolation to noise.In addition, the satellite information that the present invention is received at the preset signals receive direction is the strongest satellite information of power, so the present invention also can reduce the interference of the more weak satellite information of other power.
And radiation pattern of the present invention can be with satellite information dynamically changes, so the present invention can also have good reception ability in that the bad landform of building etc. is for example arranged.
Moreover the present invention can improve known smart type antenna needs complicated " blindly " algorithm to decide the shortcoming of electromagnetic wave field pattern.
In addition, the present invention can utilize four minimum antenna elements to launch four electromagnetic wave field patterns to contain day aerial all satellites.
Claims (13)
1. an intellectual antenna device on board couples an electronic installation, it is characterized in that this intellectual antenna device on board comprises:
A most antenna element, be arranged in the equidistant antenna array of an one dimension (ULA), those antenna elements and next antenna element are at a distance of 1/2 of a preset wavelength, and each those antenna element is for behind the position that is determined to this electronic installation place, from most satellites, receive four satellite informations of maximum power more respectively, and the aerial all satellite-signals in sky are contained with four field patterns; And
One sampling computing module couples those antenna elements, in order to take out and to calculate those satellite informations, adjusts the radiation pattern that those antenna elements receive those satellite informations.
2. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, those antenna elements comprise one first antenna element, one second antenna element, a third antenna element and one the 4th antenna element.
3. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this preset wavelength is 19 centimeters.
4. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, those satellite informations more comprise longitude, latitude, speed, direction and the parameter of one of them highly at least, carry out navigator fix so that this electronic installation to be provided.
5. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that those satellite informations all are modulated on one of characteristic frequency wireless carrier signal.
6. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the frequency of this wireless carrier signal is 1575.42MHz
7. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this electronic installation comprises an automobile-used GPS device.
8. an intellectual antenna device on board couples an electronic installation, it is characterized in that this intellectual antenna device on board comprises:
One antenna array has most antenna elements, and those antenna elements are searched several bigger satellites of communications reception power respectively again in order to behind the position of determining the satellite place from most satellites, receive with four electric wave field patterns;
One radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit couples this antenna array, in order to convert those wireless carrier signal to a fundamental frequency signal;
One algorithm unit couples this radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit, in order to calculate the weight of each those antenna element; And
One wave beam synthesis unit couples this radio frequency/intermediate frequency unit and this algorithm unit, and adjusts the radiation pattern that those antenna elements receive those wireless carrier signal according to the weight of each those antenna element.
9. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, also comprise a fundamental frequency signal processing unit, couple this wave beam synthesis unit, noise in order to this fundamental frequency signal of filtering, and this fundamental frequency signal delivered to this electronic installation, make this electronic installation carry out navigator fix according to this fundamental frequency signal.
10. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the noise of this fundamental frequency signal comprises an intersymbol interference (ISI).
11. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, those satellite informations are sent by most position location satellites.
12. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this algorithm unit is a discrete signal process chip.
13. intellectual antenna device on board as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, this electronic installation comprises an automobile-used GPS device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005100342743A CN1855628B (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Intellectual antenna device on board |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005100342743A CN1855628B (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Intellectual antenna device on board |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1855628A true CN1855628A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
| CN1855628B CN1855628B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
Family
ID=37195570
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005100342743A Expired - Fee Related CN1855628B (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Intellectual antenna device on board |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1855628B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114221715A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-22 | 深圳市通用测试***有限公司 | Test system and test method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030091329A (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-12-03 | 현대자동차주식회사 | System for receiving satellite broadcasting signal for vehicle |
-
2005
- 2005-04-26 CN CN2005100342743A patent/CN1855628B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114221715A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-22 | 深圳市通用测试***有限公司 | Test system and test method |
| CN114221715B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-09-12 | 深圳市通用测试***有限公司 | Test system and test method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1855628B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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