CN1836104A - Speed reducer for use in yaw drive apparatus for wind power generation apparatus, and yaw drive method and apparatus for wind power generation apparatus using the speed reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

A speed reducer and a yaw drive apparatus for a wind power generation apparatus, where the speed reducer has high efficiency and a short axial length, and suitable for the yaw drive apparatus. The speed reducer has three stages for speed reduction. The total reduction gear ratio of a first stage speed reducing portion (10) and a second stage speed reducing portion (20) is set at 1/6 to 1/60, and a third stage speed reducing portion (30) is constructed from an eccentric oscillating-type speed reducing mechanism having an internal-geared gear body (32), external gears (34), crankshafts (35), and a carrier (37). The reduction gear ratio of the eccentric oscillating-type speed reducing mechanism is set at 1/50 to 1/140, and the total reduction gear ratio of the speed reducer is set at 1/1000 to 1/3000. A yaw drive method and the yaw drive apparatus can reduce noise, and the yaw drive apparatus is inexpensive and reduced in size.

Description

The yaw drive method and the device of the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of wind generating unit, the wind generating unit that has used this retarder

Technical field

The retarder, the yaw drive method that has used this retarder and the device that use in the beat drive unit that the present invention relates to make the wind-power electricity generation unit of wind generating unit in the face of level of approximation, to rotate.

Background technique

The beat drive unit of wind generating unit be make the wind-power electricity generation unit according to wind direction with respect to pylon rotation so that the blade of wind generating unit from the device of front wind-engaging, for making the drive unit of the gear ring rotation that is provided with on the pylon.

The beat drive unit generally will general induction motor (use rotating speed be 1000 to 1800rpm) and a plurality of reducing gears (total reduction ratio is 1/1000 to 1/3000) make up.

In order to obtain high reduction speed ratio, the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of windmill electric generating apparatus in the past uses the retarder that has connected 5 grades of planetary gear speed reducing mechanisms mostly.This planetary gear speed reducing mechanism be possess the input central gear, around this input central gear with a plurality of planetary pinions of this input central gear engagement, have the internal-gear body of the internal tooth that around these are planetary, meshes and rotate the mechanism that freely supports above-mentioned a plurality of planetary bearings with these planetary pinions, total reduction ratio is about 77% (95% * 95% * 95% * 95% * 95% ≈ 77% at different levels).

And, the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit as windmill electric generating apparatus, the applicant proposed the double reduction portion that is connected by the one-level reduction part that is connected with drive motor, with this one-level reduction part and the scheme (with reference to TOHKEMY 2003-84300 communique) of the retarder that constitutes three grades of reduction part that comprise the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure that is connected with this double reduction portion.

And as the yaw drive method and the device of the wind-driven generator of prior art, we also know the method and apparatus that for example is documented in the following TOHKEMY 2001-289149 communique.

This device is for possessing the device with lower unit: the 1st gear that is installed in the pylon upper end portion; The 2nd gear that is meshed with above-mentioned the 1st gear; But be installed on the wind-power electricity generation unit that beat is supported in above-mentioned pylon upper end portion rotatably, by driving the motor that above-mentioned the 2nd gear rotation makes the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit; Used the electromagnetic brake that is attached to the friction plate on this motor; Comprise the brake disc that is fixed on the pylon upper end portion and be arranged on the wind-power electricity generation unit and clamp the oil brake of the fixed braking plate of friction of above-mentioned brake disc by oil pressure actuated.

And, in said apparatus, when making the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit by motor, in to the motor energising, make electromagnetic brake and oil brake be in non-braking state, motor and wind-power electricity generation unit are freed from braking; And when the beat rotation that makes the wind-power electricity generation unit stops, when stopping, making electromagnetic brake and oil brake be in braking state to the motor energising, apply retarding torque for respectively then motor and wind-power electricity generation unit.

But the former has connected the retarder of 5 grades of planetary gear speed reducing mechanisms because total length is elongated, and the weight increase, so maintenance is poor.And, when under the low-temperature condition below-20 ℃, turning round, owing to be 5 grades of decelerations, so the stirring resistance of lubricant oil is big, needs the motor of big output power for the loss that remedies this stirring resistance.

The latter comprises that it is not the scheme that obtains high efficiency, best reduction speed ratio that the retarder of three grades of reduction part is used for the beat drive unit.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is exactly in view of the above problems, and purpose is that a kind of retarder that distributes as the optimum speed of beat drive unit will be provided, and is applicable to the short retarder of beat drive unit, efficient height and axial length of wind generating unit.And another object of the present invention is that a kind of efficient height of wind generating unit and beat drive unit of compact structure of making will be provided.

And, the yaw drive method of the wind-driven generator of above-mentioned prior art and device, since when beginning motor switch on to the just disappearance of braking of this motor, therefore the rotation driving torque of motor is directly passed to the 2nd gear, the 2nd gear is rotated rapidly, but, therefore can not follow the rotation of the 2nd gear because the mass inertia of wind-power electricity generation unit is big, as a result, the tooth of the 2nd gear comes very big impact for the cingulum of the 1st gear.Because this situation is damaged the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear or is produced big noise when existing the wind-power electricity generation unit to begin the beat rotation; Perhaps the intensity of the 1st, the 2nd gear etc. be need improve in order to bear impact as described above, installation cost height, bulky problem made in configuration aspects.

And when stopping motor being switched on, because electromagnetic brake begins to apply retarding torque to motor, therefore the rotation of the 2nd gear promptly stops, but because the wind-power electricity generation unit has huge inertial mass, rotational speed during with rotation continues rotation, and therefore the tooth of the 1st gear comes big impact for the cingulum of the 2nd gear.Because this situation, the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear also produced damage or produces big noise when the rotation of the beat of wind-power electricity generation unit stopped, and perhaps equally will improve intensity with above-mentioned, therefore had the problem that the device price is high and maximize.

It is a kind of by suppressing to impact when driving energy beginning to provide to drive motor that purpose of the present invention will provide exactly, can reduce the damage and the noise of tooth, and can make the yaw drive method and the device of the wind-driven generator of device low price and miniaturization.

The retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of wind generating unit of the present invention is characterised in that, comprises the one-level reduction part, the double reduction portion that is connected with this one-level reduction part and three grades of reduction part that are connected with this double reduction portion; The total reduction speed ratio of above-mentioned one-level reduction part and double reduction portion is set at 1/6 to 1/60, and constitute above-mentioned three grades of reduction part by the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure, this Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure possesses: at the internal-gear body that is formed with internal tooth interior week, accommodate in this internal-gear body, periphery has with above-mentioned internal tooth and is meshed and the few slightly external tooth of this internal tooth of gear ratio, vertically and a plurality of external gears of row arrangement, freely insert in above-mentioned a plurality of external gear by rotation, be connected with above-mentioned double reduction portion and rotate and make the crankshaft of the eccentric rotation of above-mentioned a plurality of external gear and the bearing of rotatably supporting these crankshaft two end part; The reduction speed ratio of this Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is set at 1/50 to 1/140, and the total reduction ratio of above-mentioned retarder is set at 1/1000 to 1/3000.Therefore, can provide the beat drive unit that is applicable to wind generating unit, efficient height and the short retarder of axial length.

And, the one-level reduction part of retarder is made of planetary gear speed reducing mechanism, this planetary gear speed reducing mechanism possesses the input central gear, the a plurality of planetary pinions that around this input central gear, are meshed with this input central gear, has internal-gear body on every side at above-mentioned a plurality of planetary internal tooths that are meshed with above-mentioned a plurality of planetary pinions, and above-mentioned a plurality of planetary bearing is freely supported in rotation, the double reduction portion of above-mentioned retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, and the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth comprises the input spur gear that the bearing with above-mentioned planetary gear speed reducing mechanism is connected, with the spur gear that is meshed with this input spur gear.Therefore, can provide the beat drive unit that is applicable to wind generating unit, efficient height and the short retarder of axial length.

Perhaps, the one-level reduction part of retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth of the 1st spur gear that comprises the 1st input spur gear and be meshed with the 1st input spur gear, and the double reduction portion of above-mentioned retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth that comprises the 2nd input spur gear that is connected with the 1st spur gear and the 2nd spur gear that is meshed with the 2nd input spur gear.Therefore, can provide the beat drive unit that is applicable to wind generating unit, efficient height and the short retarder of axial length.

And, the beat drive unit of wind generating unit of the present invention is characterised in that, used above-mentioned high efficiency retarder, link the output shaft that motor is arranged at the carry-out part of one-level reduction part, be formed with the external tooth that is meshed with the gear ring of pylon at the carry-out part of above-mentioned Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure.Therefore, can provide the efficient height of wind generating unit and the retarder of compact structure.

And, the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator of the present invention, but be installed in the wind-power electricity generation unit that pylon or beat be supported in this pylon upper end portion rotatably in the 2nd gear that is meshed of the 1st gear on any one remaining drive motor on another comes rotary driving in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit by being installed in, make the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit thus, wherein, from beginning to provide in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins to above-mentioned drive motor, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, and the present invention can reach by the yaw drive method of above-mentioned wind-driven generator.

And the present invention reaches by comprising with the beat drive unit of the wind-driven generator of lower unit: be supported in the 1st gear in the wind-power electricity generation unit of this pylon upper end portion any one rotatably but be installed in pylon or beat; The 2nd gear that is meshed with above-mentioned the 1st gear; Be installed in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit remaining on another, when providing when driving energy by driving the drive motor that above-mentioned the 2nd gear rotation makes the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit; When being reduced to from the driving energy that begins above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, will offer drive motor, offer the little minimizing unit of driving energy of drive motor than common beat rotation.

Perhaps, the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator of the present invention, but remaining drive motor on another comes rotary driving in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit by being installed in being installed in the wind-power electricity generation unit that pylon or beat be supported in this pylon upper end portion rotatably ring-type internal gear pinion in mesh on any one, make the yaw drive method of wind-power electricity generation unit beat rotation thus, wherein, from beginning above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, and the present invention can reach by the yaw drive method of above-mentioned wind-driven generator.

Perhaps, the present invention reaches by comprising with the beat drive unit of the wind-driven generator of lower unit: be supported in ring-type internal gear in the wind-power electricity generation unit of this pylon upper end portion any one rotatably but be installed in pylon or beat; With above-mentioned internal gear pinion in mesh; Be installed in remaining on another in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit, rotate the drive motor that makes the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit when providing when driving energy by driving above-mentioned small gear; From beginning above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, offer the little minimizing unit of driving energy of drive motor when being reduced to the driving energy that offers drive motor than common beat rotation.

The effect of invention

If employing the present invention, can provide the beat drive unit that is applicable to wind generating unit, efficient height and the short retarder of axial length.And, the efficient height of wind generating unit and the beat drive unit of compact structure can be provided.

And, when driving the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit by drive motor, though provide the driving energy to drive motor, but because little from beginning to provide the moment that drives energy to begin by reducing the driving energy value that offers drive motor when value that the unit will drive energy is reduced to than common beat rotation to drive motor, the rotation driving torque that imposes on the 2nd gear from drive motor when therefore beginning to rotate is and the corresponding little value of above-mentioned little supply driving energy.As a result, reduced the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear when the 2nd gear begins to rotate and the 1st gear, thus, not only can reduce the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear, and can make the cheap and miniaturization of device.When passing through preset time in this state, the rotational speed of drive motor rises to the value of certain degree, but the driving energy of this value when providing common beat rotation to drive motor constantly, the wind-power electricity generation unit carries out the beat rotation.

And, when stopping the beat rotation in the wind-power electricity generation unit, if before be about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy to drive motor in the scheduled time in the moment that provides that stops this driving energy, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, and reduce to impose on from drive motor during this rotating force of wind-power electricity generation unit, then the wind-power electricity generation unit during above-mentioned under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag its rotational speed reduce gradually.And, if in rotational speed reduction like this, stop to provide the words that apply the retarding torque of predetermined value after the moment that drives energy by brake unit to drive motor to drive motor, then reduce the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear not only can be reduced, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

And, though stop to provide the driving energy when stopping the beat rotation in the wind-power electricity generation unit to drive motor, but because from stopping to provide the moment that drives energy to begin to this drive motor through behind the preset time, apply the retarding torque of predetermined value to drive motor by brake unit, therefore in begin through preset time from the moment that provides that stops above-mentioned driving energy during, wind-power electricity generation unit its rotational speed under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag descends gradually.And, because the moment in rotational speed reduction like this applies above-mentioned retarding torque from brake unit to drive motor, therefore reduce the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear not only can be reduced, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

And, because the backlash between the tooth of the tooth that can eliminate the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, therefore can reduce the impact between the tooth that the wind-power electricity generation unit begins the tooth of beat the 2nd gear when rotating and the 1st gear more effectively.

And, in the fluid motor shuts down, though exist excessive wind loads such as fitful wind to act on the wind-power electricity generation unit, make this wind-power electricity generation unit rotation, make the fluid motor play the possibility of pump thus, if but the structure of employing technological scheme 7 then can prevent fluid motor this moment, wind-power electricity generation unit high speed rotating.

And, though exist the fluid motor to play the possibility of pump for above-mentioned reasons, but because this moment is because the back pressure effect applies fluid brake power for the fluid motor, its rotation can be suppressed, the oil brake that constitutes for the fixing necessary fixed braking plate of friction that is fixed on the pylon upper end portion in wind-power electricity generation unit can be omitted in the past thus by brake disc and this brake disc of clamping.

And, though drive motor exists the limit rotated by the braking limit of brake unit for above-mentioned reasons, cause the possible of bad influence to equipment, can prevent the generation of this situation.

And, though in wind-power electricity generation unit beat when rotation under the effect of drive motor, provide the driving energy to drive motor, but because from beginning to provide the moment that drives energy to begin to apply the initial retarding torque of torque by brake unit to drive motor to this drive motor, therefore the driving torque of applying drive motor output for when beginning to rotate the 2nd gear rotation driving torque that deducts the difference of the initial retarding torque of torque is paid the deceleration regime torque.Here, because the initial retarding torque of above-mentioned torque is the predetermined value littler than the maximum driving torque of drive motor, therefore thereby the 2nd gear can rotate and make the rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit, but the rotation driving torque of this moment is the less value of difference as mentioned above, and the rotational speed of the 2nd gear is slowed down by the initial retarding torque of torque, therefore reduced the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear not only can be reduced thus, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.After passing through preset time in this state, the rotational speed of drive motor rises to value to a certain degree, but this moment, above-mentioned brake unit finished to apply the initial retarding torque of torque to drive motor, and the wind-power electricity generation unit carries out the beat rotation.

And, though stop to provide the driving energy when stopping the beat rotation in the wind-power electricity generation unit to drive motor, but because from stopping to provide the moment that drives energy to begin through apply the termination retarding torque of predetermined value behind the preset time to drive motor by brake unit to this drive motor, therefore in begin through preset time from the moment that provides that stops above-mentioned driving energy during, wind-power electricity generation unit its rotational speed under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag descends gradually.And, because the moment in rotational speed reduction like this applies above-mentioned termination retarding torque from brake unit to drive motor, therefore reduce the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear not only can be reduced, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

And, when stopping the beat rotation in the wind-power electricity generation unit, if in the scheduled time till the moment that provides that stops this driving energy before being about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy to drive motor, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, impose on the rotating force of wind-power electricity generation unit in reducing during this from drive motor, then the wind-power electricity generation unit during above-mentioned under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag its rotational speed reduce gradually.And, if rotational speed reduces like this, stop to provide the words that apply the termination retarding torque of predetermined value after the moment that drives energy by brake unit to drive motor to drive motor, then reduce the impact between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of the 1st, the 2nd gear not only can be reduced, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

And, the function that same brake unit is possessed reduce to impact and the function of restriction wind-power electricity generation unit rotation when drive motor stops thus, to be compared during with brake unit that difference in functionality is set respectively, can make simple in structurely, can reduce manufacturing cost.

And, can make the simple in structure of brake unit, low price.

And, not only simple in structure, and can make the friction piece of fixed side and rotary side can be positively disconnected from each other.

And, though when drive motor shuts down, exist excessive wind load such as fitful wind to act on the wind-power electricity generation unit and make this wind-power electricity generation unit rotation, when this rotation be delivered to brake unit make the rotary side friction piece with the state of fixed side friction piece rubbing contact under when rotating, brake unit heated by frictional heat and damage may, if but adopted technological scheme 9 described structures, the appearance of this situation then could be prevented.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the figure of expression the 1st example of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is that the B-B of Fig. 1 is to looking sectional view.

Fig. 3 is the figure of expression the 2nd example of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is that the efficient, beat drive unit of the reduction speed ratio of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure and Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is with the total efficiency of retarder, the graph of a relation of total reduction ratio.

Fig. 5 is that the master of expression the 3rd example of the present invention looks sectional view.

Fig. 6 is the schematic circuit diagram of the 3rd example.

Fig. 7 is the action plotted curve regularly of explanation the 3rd example, (a) relation of express time and output shaft rotational speed, (b) relation of express time and arrester pressure, (c) relation of express time and A changing valve voltage, (d) relation of express time and B changing valve voltage, (e) relation of express time and open and close valve voltage.

Fig. 8 is the schematic circuit diagram the same with Fig. 6 of expression the 4th example.

Fig. 9 is the action plotted curve regularly of explanation the 4th example, (a) relation of express time and output shaft rotational speed, (b) relation of express time and arrester pressure, (c) relation of express time and A changing valve voltage, (d) relation of express time and B changing valve voltage, (e) relation of express time and open and close valve voltage, (f) relation of express time and control valve voltage.

Figure 10 is that the master of expression the 6th example looks sectional view.

Figure 11 is the schematic circuit diagram of the 6th example.

Figure 12 is the action plotted curve regularly of explanation the 6th example, (a) relation of express time and output shaft rotational speed, (b) relation of express time and brake voltage, (c) relation of express time and motor voltage, (d) relation of express time and sensor signal.

Figure 13 is the schematic circuit diagram identical with Figure 11 of expression the 7th example.

Figure 14 is the action plotted curve regularly of explanation the 7th example, (a) relation of express time and output shaft rotational speed, (b) relation of express time and control room pressure, (c) relation of express time and changing valve voltage, (d) relation of express time and motor voltage, (e) relation of express time and sensor signal.

Embodiment

According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the 1st example of the present invention is described below.Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, the figure that expression is analysed and observe along the A-A direction of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is the B-B line sectional view of Fig. 1.

100 is the beat drive unit of wind generating unit.200 is the retarder that uses in this beat drive unit 100.The double reduction portion 20 that retarder 200 is connected by one-level reduction part 10, with this one-level reduction part 10 and constitute with three grades of reduction part 30 that this double reduction portion 20 is connected.

One-level reduction part 10 is made of the planetary gear speed reducing mechanism that possesses with lower member: fixedly connected on the output shaft 2 of motor 1 as the input central gear 3 of input part; A plurality of (3) planetary pinion 4 that around this input central gear 3, meshes with this input central gear 3; Internal-gear body 6 with the internal tooth 5 that around these planetary pinions 4, meshes with these planetary pinions 4; And the bearing 7 of above-mentioned a plurality of planetary pinion 4 is freely supported in rotation.Motor 1 is installed on the motor support member 8.Internal-gear body 6 is fixed on the inside of motor support member 8.Be fixed with a plurality of pins 10 of freely supporting planetary pinion 4 by a plurality of spicule 9 rotations on the bearing 7.

The reduction speed ratio of the one-level reduction part 10 that is made of this planetary gear speed reducing mechanism is set at 1/9.Select the reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 10 from 1/3 to 1/20 to set.

Double reduction portion 20 is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, and the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth comprises the spur gear 22 that input spur gear 21 on the bearing 7 that is attached at above-mentioned planetary gear speed reducing mechanism and a plurality of (4) and this input spur gear 21 mesh.

The reduction speed ratio of the double reduction portion 20 that is made of the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth is set at 1/3.Select the reduction speed ratio of double reduction portion 20 from 1/2 to 1/5 to set.

Therefore, the total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 10 and double reduction portion 20 is set at 1/27 (1/9 * 1/3).The total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 10 and double reduction portion 20 can be set at 1/6 to 1/100 (1/3 * 1/2 to 1/20 * 1/5).But, in the retarder of the present invention that in the beat drive unit, uses, as long as the total reduction speed ratio of selecting from 1/6 to 1/60 to set one-level reduction part and double reduction portion just can.

Three grades of reduction part 30 usefulness possess the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure formation of following parts: the fixedly internal-gear body 32 that is formed with internal tooth 31 interior week; Be housed in this internal-gear body 32, periphery have the number of teeth of this internal tooth of gear ratio fewer and with the external tooth 33 of above-mentioned internal tooth 31 engagements, vertically and a plurality of (2) external gear 34 of row arrangement; Rotation is freely inserted in these external gears 34, and being connected and rotate by the spur gear 22 with above-mentioned double reduction portion 20 makes these external gear 34 eccentric a plurality of (4) crankshafts 35 that rotate; Rotatably support the bearing 37 as carry-out part at these crankshaft 35 two end part by pair of bearings 36.Be provided with small gear 39 at the tip portion spline of bearing 37 with external tooth 38 that the gear ring (not having among the figure to represent) with pylon (not have expression among the figure) meshes with linking.Small gear 39 also can form by carry out machining in the tip portion of bearing 37.Be separately installed with a plurality of spur gears 22 of above-mentioned double reduction portion 20 in these crankshaft 35 ends separately.Be inserted with the crank portion of a plurality of crankshafts 35 respectively by needle bearing 40 in the inside of these external gears 34.Bearing 37 freely is supported on the internal-gear body 32 by pair of bearings 41 rotations.Oil sealing 42 inserts week in the top of internal-gear bodies 32 and is installed between the oil sealing supporting body 43 on every side of bearing 37 and is provided with.One end of above-mentioned motor support member 8 is fixed on the end of internal-gear body 32.

The reduction speed ratio of three grades of reduction part 30 that are made of the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is set at 1/60.Select the reduction speed ratio of three grades of reduction part 30 from 1/50 to 1/140 to set.

Total reduction ratio by three grades of these retarders that deceleration constitutes is set at 1/1620 (1/9 * 1/3 * 1/60).The total reduction ratio that comprises the retarder of three grades of decelerations can be set at 1/300 to 1/14000 (1/3 * 1/2 * 1/50 to 1/20 * 1/5 * 1/140).But, in the retarder of the present invention that in the beat drive unit, uses, can select to set total reduction ratio from 1/1000 to 1/3000.

Longitudinal section according to Fig. 3 illustrates the 2nd example of the present invention below.

Among Fig. 3,300 is the beat drive unit of wind generating unit.400 is the retarder that uses in this beat drive unit 300.

One-level reduction part 50 is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, and the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth comprises that fixedly connected the 1st input spur gear 51 as input part on the output shaft 61 of motor 60 reaches the 1st spur gear 52 that meshes with the 1st input spur gear 51.

The reduction speed ratio of the one-level reduction part 50 that is made of the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth is set at 1/6.Select the reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 50 from 1/2 to 1/12 to set.Motor 60 is installed on the motor support member 62.

Double reduction portion 70 is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, and the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth comprises the 2nd spur gear 54 that is attached at the input spur gear 53 of the 2nd on above-mentioned the 1st spur gear 52 and a plurality of (4) and 53 engagements of the 2nd input spur gear.53 rotations of the 2nd input spur gear freely are supported on the bearing 87 of motor support member 62 and Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure 80 described later.

The reduction speed ratio of the double reduction portion 70 that is made of the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth is set at 1/3.Select the reduction speed ratio of double reduction portion 70 from 1/2 to 1/5 to set.

Therefore, the total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 50 and double reduction portion 70 is set at 1/18 (1/6 * 1/3).The total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 50 and double reduction portion 70 can be set at 1/4 to 1/60 (1/2 * 1/2 to 1/12 * 1/5).But, in the retarder of the present invention that in the beat drive unit, uses, as long as the total reduction speed ratio of selecting from 1/6 to 1/60 to set one-level reduction part and double reduction portion just can.

Three grades of reduction part 80 usefulness possess the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure formation of following parts: the fixedly internal-gear body 82 that is formed with internal tooth 81 interior week; Be housed in this internal-gear body 82, periphery have the number of teeth of this internal tooth of gear ratio fewer and with the external tooth 83 of above-mentioned internal tooth 81 engagements, vertically and a plurality of (2) external gear 84 of row arrangement; Rotation is freely inserted in these external gears 84, links and rotation makes a plurality of (4) crankshafts 85 of these external gear 84 eccentric rotations by the 2nd spur gear 54 with above-mentioned double reduction portion 70; Rotatably support the bearing 87 as carry-out part at these crankshaft 85 two end part by pair of bearings 86.Be provided with small gear 89 at the tip portion spline of bearing 87 with external tooth 88 that the gear ring (not having among the figure to represent) with pylon (not have expression among the figure) meshes with linking.Be separately installed with a plurality of the 2nd spur gears 54 of above-mentioned double reduction portion 70 in these crankshaft 85 ends separately.Be inserted with the crank portion of a plurality of crankshafts 85 respectively by needle bearing 90 in the inside of a plurality of external gears 84.Bearing 87 freely is supported on the internal-gear body 82 by pair of bearings 91 rotations.

One end of above-mentioned motor support member 62 is fixed on the end of internal-gear body 82.The reduction speed ratio of three grades of reduction part 80 that constitute with the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is set at 1/60.Select the reduction speed ratio of three grades of reduction part 80 from 1/50 to 1/140 to set.Total reduction ratio by three grades of these retarders that deceleration constitutes is set at 1/1080 (1/6 * 1/3 * 1/60).The total reduction ratio of the retarder that is made of three grades of decelerations can be set at 1/200 to 1/8400 (1/2 * 1/2 * 1/50 to 1/12 * 1/5 * 1/140).But, in the retarder of the present invention that in the beat drive unit, uses, can select to set total reduction ratio from 1/1000 to 1/3000.

The following describes effect of the present invention.

Motor 1,60 output shaft 2,61 rotation is at first by one- level reduction part 10,50 slow down, then by double reduction portion 20,70 slow down, at last by three grades of reduction part 30,80 slow down, comprise bearing 37 in order to make, the total reduction ratio of the total reduction ratio of the retarder of the present invention of 87 3 grades of deceleration parts and the existing retarder that has linked 5 grades of planetary gear speed reducing mechanisms is the same to be about 77%, and being necessary to make the reduction speed ratio of three grades of reduction part 30 that are made of the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure of the 1st example is about 85% (wheeled reducing gear 96% ≈ 85% of 77% ÷ one-level planetary gear speed reducing mechanism, 95% ÷ secondary straight-tooth).

Fig. 4 is the reduction speed ratio of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure and efficient, beat the drive unit total efficiency of retarder and the figure of the relation between the total reduction ratio of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure.Among Fig. 4, the efficient of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure represents that with line L1 reduction speed ratio is big more, and efficient is low more.The total efficiency of beat drive unit represents that with line L2 reduction speed ratio is big more, and efficient is low more.

For the total efficiency of keeping the beat drive unit is 77%, it is about more than 85% being necessary to make the efficient of three grades of reduction part 30 that the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure constitutes, and reduction speed ratio is below 1/140.The minimum deceleration of three grades of reduction part 30 is than being 1/50 to be by the maximum value of the total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part 10 and double reduction portion 20 and maximum total reduction ratio (60/3000=1/50) decision.

So, promptly use three grades of short reduction part of axial length to constitute retarder, if constitute three grades of reduction part with the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure, making its reduction speed ratio is 1/50 to 1/140, and then the needed total efficiency of retarder that the beat drive unit of wind generating unit can be used maintains 77%.

And, if the total reduction speed ratio of one-level reduction part and double reduction portion is set in 1/6 to 1/60, and the reduction speed ratio of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is set in 1/50 to 1/140 words, then promptly use three grades of reduction part to constitute retarder, the total reduction ratio that also can easily obtain the necessary retarder of beat drive unit is 1/1000 to 1/3000.

In addition, though the fixing internal- gear body 32,82 of Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure 30,80 in the 1st and the 2nd example, obtain rotation output from bearing 37,87, but retarder of the present invention also can fixed bearing 37,87, obtains rotation output from internal-gear body 32,82.At this moment, small gear 39,89 is installed on the internal-gear body 32,82.And, also can form external tooth 38,88 with the gear ring engagement of pylon at the peripheral part of internal- gear body 32,82.

And, though in the 1st example of the present invention, constitute the one-level reduction part with planetary gear speed reducing mechanism, constitute double reduction portion with the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, in the 2nd example, constitute one-level reduction part and double reduction portion, but also can all constitute one-level reduction part and double reduction portion with planetary gear speed reducing mechanism with the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth.

Relevant the used yaw drive method of above-mentioned retarder and the 3rd example of device then are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In Fig. 5, Fig. 6,111 is the pylon (pillar) of wind-driven generator 112, but in the upper end portion of this pylon 111 by bearing 114 beats rotatably, can in approximately horizontal plane, rotate twelve Earthly Branches and hold wind-power electricity generation unit 113.This wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is well-known structure, possesses: suspention shell 115; The rotor head that does not illustrate among the figure that be supported on this suspention shell 115, can rotate around the axis of level of approximation; The radial direction inner end rotatably is attached at the multi-disc air vane (not illustrating among the figure) on this rotor head; Accommodate and be fixed in the above-mentioned suspention shell 115, accept the generator (not illustrating among the figure) that generates electricity from the rotation of rotor head.

Here, the inner ring of above-mentioned bearing 114 is fixed on the pylon 111, but a plurality of internal tooths 18 of interior week formation at this inner ring, as a result, this inner ring constitutes as being installed in pylon 111 or the wind-power electricity generation unit 113 any, being the ring-type internal gear 119 that is installed in the 1st gear of pylon 111 upper end portions at this 3rd example.If the shared inner ring of using on internal gear 119 like this, then whole device is simple in structure, can miniaturization.

120 for be installed under the state in the middle of retarder 121 is installed in pylon 111 or the wind-power electricity generation unit 113 remaining another, be many fluid motor that are installed on the suspention shell 115 of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 at this 3rd example as drive motor, these fluid motor 120 along the circumferential direction dispose equally spacedly.And, the driving energy is provided for these fluid motor 120, here because drive motor is a fluid motor 120, therefore when high-pressure liquid is provided, output shaft 122 rotations of this fluid motor 120, the rotation driving torque of this output shaft 122 is decelerated the after-applied external gear to conduct the 2nd gear on the running shaft 123 that is fixed on this retarder 121 of device 121 decelerations, is small gear 124, makes this small gear 124 rotations.Here, internal tooth 118 engagements of these small gears 124 and above-mentioned internal gear 119, the result as previously mentioned, when small gear 124 rotations, wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is supported on the pylon 111 by bearing 114 and the beat rotation.

125 discharge fluid pump to supply passage 128 as high-pressure liquid for the fluid that will be sucked thus by motor 126 rotary driving from container 127, in the centre of this supply passage 128 certificated valve 129 is installed, and its terminal link have be subjected to control device 130 controls that constitute by CPU etc. a plurality of, here for the electromagnetic change-over valve 131 of fluid motor 120 same number.And this changing valve 131 is connected by discharge route 132 with said vesse 127.133,134 a pair ofly advance to arrange passage for what connect into right fluid motor 120 and changing valve 131, these advance to arrange passage 133,134 and are switched to circulation position (parallel circulation position or intersection circulation position) by above-mentioned changing valve 131, making a certain side thus is the high pressure side, remaining opposite side is a low voltage side, fluid motor 120 is just being changeed or reverses.

Owing to link in the above-mentioned control device 130 anemoscope 137 and potentiometer 138 arranged, therefore the wind direction signals from anemoscope 137 of wind direction is at that time represented in input in this control device 130, but when the wind direction of this moment and the sense of rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 not simultaneously, control device 130 switch transition valves 131 are just changeing fluid motor 120 or reverse, make this wind-power electricity generation unit 113 beats rotation follow wind direction, so that changing valve 131 from the front wind-engaging, can generate electricity with high efficiency.

141 for connecting the overflow ducts of above-mentioned supply passage 128 and container 127; the relief valve 142 of overflow when the common loine pressure of the pressure ratio of fluid circuit is high is installed in the centre of this overflow ducts 141, and the pressure of these relief valve 142 protection fluid circuits can not raise unusually.143 are the electromagnetic type open and close valve in the hydraulic control channel that is connected to above-mentioned relief valve 142, and the on-off action of this open and close valve 143 is subjected to the control of above-mentioned control device 130.144 for connecting the reduction passages of above-mentioned open and close valve 143 and container 127, overflow is installed in this reductions passage 144 presses and be set at the low low pressure relief valve 145 of pressure (common loine pressure) that offers the high-pressure liquid of fluid motor 120 when rotating than wind-power electricity generation unit 113 common beats.

And when control device 130 switched to open mode with open and close valve 143, the pressure that this low pressure relief valve 145 will offer the high-pressure liquid of fluid motor 120 in the container 127 with fluid over-flow was reduced to than low (little) usually.Above-mentioned open and close valve 143, reduction passage 144 and low pressure relief valve 145 whole formations offer the little minimizing unit 146 of high pressure fluid of fluid motor 120 when the hydrodynamic pressure that offers fluid motor 120 is rotated than common beat.In addition, also can use can replace with the proportional pressure control valve that the signal value of input from control device 130 is regulated the pressure by fluid pro rata protection with relief valve 142 as this minimizing unit 146.At this moment, do not need above-mentioned open and close valve 143, reduce passage 144 and low pressure relief valve 145, the overflow when overflow during abnormal pressure and pressure ratio loine pressure are low all uses this proportional pressure control valve to carry out.

151 for being attached on the fluid motor 120, having used the output shaft 122 that can give this fluid motor 120 apply the negative break as the friction plate of brake unit of the retarding torque of predetermined value, should have stationary housing 152 by negative break 151, piston 153 is housed in this stationary housing 152 movably.And, the spin friction plate 156 that in said fixing housing 152, contain between at least 1 piece of step surface 154 that is configured in piston 153 and stationary housing 152, spline is combined in output shaft 122 outsides of fluid motor 120; And at least 1 piece can be toward or away from the fixed friction plate 157 that above-mentioned spin friction plate 156, spline are combined in the inwall of stationary housing 152.

158 for applying the spring of elastic force by piston 153 to rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157, this spring 158 makes these rotations, fixed friction plate 156,157 mutual rubbing contact by above-mentioned rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 are squeezed on the step surface 154.Said fixing housing 152, piston 153, rotation/fixed friction plate 156/157 and the above-mentioned negative break 151 of spring 158 whole formations.

159 for will be above-mentioned entering to arrange the selector channel that passage 133,134 interlinks, and the selector valve 160 that advances to arrange selection high-pressure liquid passage 133 or 134 from high-tension side is installed in the centre of this selector channel 159.The high-pressure liquid that this selector valve 160 takes out imports above-mentioned arrester by the break passage 161 that connects the arrester in this selector valve 160 and the said fixing housing 152, but this moment piston 153 by the elastic force that above-mentioned high-pressure liquid overcomes spring 158 leave rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 ground move, thus, rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 is disconnected from each other.

Here, the discharge route that does not illustrate among the arrester of said fixing housing 152 and the container 127 usefulness figure links, and in the centre of this discharge route above-mentioned changing valve 131 is installed.Therefore, when above-mentioned changing valve 131 is switched to circulation during the position, changing valve 131 is blocked discharge route halfway, and result's high-pressure liquid of taking out of selector valve as mentioned above is provided for the arrester of stationary housing 152; But when changing valve 131 was switched to the neutral position, discharge route was communicated with, and the control room of fluid from stationary housing 152 is discharged to the container 127, finished piston 153 is applied fluid force.

So, be switched to the neutral position when stopping to provide high-pressure liquid from changing valve 131 to fluid motor 120, fluid is discharged from the arrester of stationary housing 152, the negative break 151 of result makes rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 mutual rubbing contact under the effect of the elastic force of spring 158, apply the retarding torque of predetermined value for fluid motor 120; Begin when the circulation position begins to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120 and be switched to from changing valve 131, be provided for the arrester of stationary housing 152 from the on high-tension side high-pressure liquids that advance to arrange passage 133 or 134 taking-ups, make piston 153 leave rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157, finish convection cell motor 120 and apply retarding torque.

Here, though above-mentioned minimizing unit 146 reduces hydrodynamic pressure 2 times under the control of control device 130, but one of them time and is beginning to finish through behind the preset time when beginning to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120 when beginning to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120; And another time retrodict when stopping to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120 preset time before the moment, when stopping to provide high-pressure liquid, finish to fluid motor 120.In addition, though the reduction of these minimizing unit 146 fluid pressure is carried out in must be during above-mentioned, the pressure that reduces fluid before and after it is also harmless.For example, also can begin to reduce hydrodynamic pressure sometime before the high-pressure liquid beginning to provide, perhaps stop to provide high-pressure liquid to continue to reduce hydrodynamic pressure later on to fluid motor 120 to fluid motor 120.

So, owing to begin when beginning high-pressure liquid is provided by reducing the pressure that unit 146 reduces the high-pressure liquid that offers fluid motor 120, hydrodynamic pressure low (little) when making hydrodynamic pressure than the rotation of common beat, the rotation driving torque that imposes on small gear 124 from fluid motor 120 when therefore beginning to rotate the corresponding little value of fluid energy for having reduced with above-mentioned pressure.As a result, reduced the impact between the internal tooth 118 of the tooth of small gear 124 when small gear 124 begins to rotate and internal gear 119, thus, not only can reduce the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 124, internal gear 119, and can make the cheap and miniaturization of device.In this state through the predetermined relatively shorter time, the rotational speed of the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 rises to value to a certain degree, but the reduction of fluid pressure because the unit of above-mentioned minimizing at this moment 146 is through with, the high-pressure liquid of the loine pressure that provides when providing pressure to rotate for common beat therefore this moment for later on fluid motor 120, wind-power electricity generation unit 113 carries out the beat rotation.

And, if the pressure when making the common beat rotation of the pressure ratio of the high-pressure liquid that offers fluid motor 120 as described above in the scheduled time when stopping this high-pressure liquid is provided before being about to stop to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120 is low, reduction fluid motor this moment 120 imposes on the words of the rotating force of wind-power electricity generation unit 113, then during above-mentioned because first-class gyroscopic effect or the surface friction drag of rotor, the rotational speed of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 slowly descends.And, if rotational speed descends like this, stopping to provide the words that apply the retarding torque of predetermined value when driving energy from negative break 151 to fluid motor 120 to fluid motor 120, then can reduce the impact between the internal tooth 118 of the tooth of small gear 124 and internal gear 119, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 124, internal gear 119 not only can be reduced, but also the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

Here, when above-mentioned wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is in the state that stops the rotation, and when negative break 151 applies retarding torque for fluid motor 120, though acting on wind-power electricity generation unit 113, excessive wind load such as fitful wind might make this wind-power electricity generation unit 113 shake off the braking of negative break 151 and rotate, but the rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is by internal gear 119 at this moment, small gear 124 and retarder 121 pass to fluid motor 120 and negative break 151, rotation driving fluid motor 120 makes fluid motor 120 play pump, and rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 rotate keeping under the state of rubbing contact each other.In this case, the pressure that advance to arrange in passage 133 or 134 might rise to abnormal pressure, and negative break 151 have heated by frictional heat and damage may.

Therefore, in this 3rd example, connect the above-mentioned a pair of passage 133,134 that advances to arrange with connecting passage 164, and in the middle of this connecting passage, changable type throttle valve 165 is installed.Thus, play pump by above-mentioned fluid motor 120 and be discharged to fluid in row's passage 133 or 134 into by above-mentioned throttle valve 165 throttlings, what flow out to the suction side simultaneously enters to arrange passage 133 or 134, prevent not only that thus the pressure that advances to arrange in passage 133 or 134 of discharging side from rising to abnormal pressure, and will be limited in a certain amount ofly by the Fluid Volume of throttle valve 165, can control the rotational speed of fluid motor 120 thus.

The following describes the effect of above-mentioned the 3rd example.

Now, because wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is from the front wind-engaging, so changing valve 131 is switched to the neutral position, stops to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120, and the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops.At this moment, because fluid is discharged from the arrester of stationary housing 152 shown in Fig. 7 (b), therefore negative break 151 makes rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 mutual rubbing contact under the effect of the elastic force of spring 158, apply the retarding torque of predetermined value for fluid motor 120.

Then, when wind direction changed, anemoscope 137 detected the variation of this wind direction and gives control device 130 output wind direction signals.As a result, control device 130 as Fig. 7 (c), (d) the T1 that is shown in apply changing valve voltage for constantly one coil among changing valve 131A, the B, these changing valves 131A, B are switched to circulation position, for example parallel stream position.Thus, the high-pressure liquid of discharging from fluid pump 125 is by supply passage 128 and advance to arrange passage 133 and offer fluid motor 120, drive 120 rotations of this fluid motor, and the fluid of discharging from fluid motor 120 is by advancing to arrange passage 134 and discharge route 132 is discharged to container 127.

When like this high-pressure liquid being provided the row of feeding passage 133, selector valve 160 is selected high-pressure liquid, is offered arrester in the stationary housing 152 by break passage 161 from advance to arrange passage 133, the pressure in the arrester is risen.As a result, piston 153 is accepted fluid and is pressed that the elastic force overcome spring 158 leaves rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 ground move, and end begins the retarding torque that convection cell motor 120 applies constantly from T1.

And, since this T1 constantly the time control device 130 as Fig. 7 (e) shown in, apply open and close valve voltage to open and close valve 143, this open and close valve 143 is switched to open mode, therefore low pressure relief valve 145 is reduced to the pressure that offers the fluid of fluid motor 120 lower than common loine pressure with low pressure overflow fluid.Because the hydrodynamic pressure (loine pressure) that begins constantly when reducing pressure that unit 146 will offer the high-pressure liquid of fluid motor 120 and drop to than common beat rotation from the T1 that begins to provide highly pressurised liquid is low like this, the fluid energy corresponding little value of the rotation driving torque that fluid motor 120 imposes on small gear 124 when therefore beginning to rotate for reducing with above-mentioned pressure.The result has reduced the impact between the internal tooth 118 of the tooth of small gear 124 when small gear 124 begins to rotate and internal gear 119.

And, if the fluid of low pressure is provided for as described above fluid motor 120, then the rotational speed of the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 like that slowly uprises shown in Fig. 7 (a), but the T1 that is switched to the circulation position from above-mentioned changing valve 131 begins to arrive T2 during the moment through the predetermined short time constantly, and the rotational speed of above-mentioned output shaft 122 rises to certain degree.At this moment, shown in Fig. 7 (e), open and close valve 143 is switched to closed condition owing to control device 130, therefore fluid is not by low pressure relief valve 145 overflows, and the hydrodynamic pressure that offers fluid motor 120 returns to the pressure (loine pressure) that offers the high-pressure liquid of fluid motor 120 when common beat rotates.As a result, the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 is sharply quickened, and rotational speed rises to common rotational speed, and wind-power electricity generation unit 113 rotates so that from the front wind-engaging with common beat rotational speed.

And, when wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is about to before beat rotate to the position of front wind-engaging, arrive T3 constantly the time, control device 130 applies open and close valve voltage for open and close valve 143 shown in Fig. 7 (e), this open and close valve 143 is switched to open mode, low pressure relief valve 145 overflows.Thus, the hydrodynamic pressure that offers fluid motor 120 reduces, and the torque of driving fluid motor 120 rotations becomes little value.Then, stop to provide the T4 of high-pressure liquid during the moment when arriving through the scheduled time constantly from above-mentioned T3, shown in Fig. 7 (b), (c), finish to impose on the changing valve voltage of changing valve 131A, B from control device 130, changing valve 131A, B are switched to the neutral position.Thus, stop to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120.

If it is low to offer the pressure (loine pressure) of the fluid of fluid motor 120 constantly at the T4 that is about to stop to provide high-pressure liquid to fluid motor 120 when T4 makes the pressure of the fluid that offers fluid motor 120 be reduced to rotate than common beat in the predetermined short time constantly like this, reduce to impose on the words of the rotating force of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 during this period from fluid motor 120, then because the first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or the effect of surface friction drag, its rotational speed slowly reduces during above-mentioned in wind-power electricity generation unit 113.

And, if constantly changing valve 131 is switched to the neutral position at T4 as described above, then fluid is discharged to the container 127 from the arrester of stationary housing 152, but this moment, the elastic force of spring 158 made rotation, fixed friction plate 156,157 mutual rubbing contact, and negative break 151 applies the retarding torque of predetermined value for fluid motor 120.If the rotational speed of wind-power electricity generation unit 113 reduces like this, perhaps stopping to provide the T4 of fluid to apply the words of the retarding torque of predetermined value constantly to fluid motor 120 by negative break 151 to fluid motor 120, then reduce the impact between the internal gear 119 of the tooth of small gear 124 and internal tooth 118, the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 124, internal gear 119 not only can be reduced thus, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

And if apply retarding torque for fluid motor 120 from negative break 151 as described above, then the rotational speed of the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 descends shown in Fig. 7 (a) rapidly.Here, though above-mentioned open and close valve 143 is switched to closed condition when above-mentioned T4 is switched to the neutral position with changing valve 131 constantly, in this 3rd example, continue open mode in the scheduled time after the moment at this T4.Then, during the moment, shown in Fig. 7 (a), the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 stops the rotation to T5, and wind-power electricity generation unit 113 also stops the beat rotation.At this moment, wind-power electricity generation unit 113 is from the front wind-engaging, and generating efficiency is the highest.

And, be in this T5 during the moment, shown in Fig. 7 (d), control device 130 is to a part of changing valve 131, here for another coil of changing valve 131B applies changing valve voltage, and changing valve 131B is switched to for example intersection circulation position.As a result, pressure fluid provides the row's of feeding passage 134 by changing valve 131B, but because open and close valve 143 keeps open mode at T3 constantly, therefore the hydrodynamic pressure of this moment is the low-pressure by low pressure relief valve 145 decisions.

And, when low-pressure fluid as mentioned above is provided to into row's passage 134, because negative break 151 discharges the braking of convection cell motor 120, therefore fluid motor 120 makes small gear 124 along rotating with above-mentioned opposite direction, but because the rotation driving torque of this moment is very little value, therefore small gear 124 connects at the internal tooth 118 that impacts under the repressed state with internal gear 119, eliminates the backlash between them.Thus, the impact in the time of can reducing wind-power electricity generation unit 113 effectively and begin the rotation of beat next time between the internal tooth 118 of the tooth of small gear 124 and internal gear 119.

Here, the changing valve voltage that is applied to part changing valve 131 also can impose on an above-mentioned opposite coil on.Identical direction was rotated when at this moment, small gear 124 edges rotated with beat.In addition, when the coil of giving any side of part changing valve 131 like this applies changing valve voltage, apply changing valve voltage in most cases for remaining changing valve 131, but apply changing valve voltage can for the coil of not the same side of remaining changing valve 131 yet.Then, when being in T6 during the moment, shown in Fig. 7 (d), (e), stop to apply changing valve voltage to above-mentioned changing valve 131B, make this changing valve 131B return to the neutral position, and finish to give open and close valve 143 to apply open and close valve voltage, open and close valve 143 is switched to closed condition.As a result, the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 stops the rotation, and wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, and is in holding state, up to change of the wind next time.

In such wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, might blow over fitful wind etc. and make the excessive wind load of effect on the wind-power electricity generation unit 113, make this wind-power electricity generation unit 113 shake off the braking of negative break 151 and rotate.Fluid motor 120 played pump suck fluid from arbitrary the passage that enters to arrange passage 133 or 134 this moment, and fluid was discharged in remaining another passage of the row's of feeding passage 133 or 134.At this moment, because changing valve 131 is switched to the neutral position, the pressure that advances to arrange in the passage 133,134 of discharging side rises, thus, pressure in the arrester of stationary housing 152 is sharply rising shown in Fig. 7 (b) in the time T 7, removes the braking of negative break 151 convection cell motor 120.

And, since be discharged to this moment discharge side advance to arrange passage 133, fluid in 134 is entered to arrange passage 133 or 134 by what throttle valve 165 throttlings flowed out to the suction side simultaneously, therefore not only can prevent that the pressure that advances to arrange in passage 133 or 134 of discharging side from rising to unusual high pressure, and by being limited in certain amount by the Fluid Volume of throttle valve 165, rotational speed that can suppression fluid motor 120, can prevent the generation of the situation of the output shaft 122 of fluid motor 120 and wind-power electricity generation unit 113 high speed rotating, and, apply fluid brake therefore can for fluid motor 120 owing to the pressure that advances to arrange in passage 133 or 134 of discharging side acts on the fluid motor 120 as back pressure.Then, be in T8 when the time, when wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, reduce owing to advance to arrange the pressure of passage 133 or 134, therefore the pressure in the control room of stationary housing 152 also reduces shown in Fig. 7 (b), and negative break 151 applies braking force for once more fluid motor 120.

With Fig. 8 relevant the used yaw drive method of above-mentioned retarder and the 4th example of device are described below.Here,, therefore only on drawing, add identical reference character, omit its repeat specification, only describe with regard to different parts for identical part because the major part of the structure of the 4th example is identical with the structure of above-mentioned the 3rd example.In the figure, 170 are the centre that is installed in row's passage 133,134 into, the back pressure valve with certificated valve 171, when the rotation of fluid motor 120 makes 113 rotations of wind-power electricity generation unit, if be subjected to the big wind load effect identical with the sense of rotation of this wind-power electricity generation unit 113, then fluid motor 120 load that bears this wind plays pump, these back pressure valves 170 bear the pressure that enters to arrange passage 133 or 134 of discharging side and switch near closing state at this moment, prevent that fluid motor 120 is out of control.

And, in the 4th example, the advancing to arrange passage 177, be connected the discharge route 178 of control valve 173 and container 127, replacement selector channel 159, selector valve 160 and break passage 161 of the control room that be provided with control valve 173 by switching according to the wind velocity signal of recording anemometer 172 outputs of measuring wind, connect this control valve 173 is equipped with certificated valve 174 and accumulator 175 with supply passage 128 and in the centre fluid passage 176, is connected control valve 173 and negative break 151 by the control valve voltage of control device 130 output.

And, also be provided with the recording anemometer 172 of such measuring wind, when wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, the wind speed that measures when recording anemometer 172 is when predetermined value is above, control device 130 stops to control valve 173 output control valve voltages, this control valve 173 is switched to the supply position, high-pressure liquid is provided for the control room of negative break 151 from supply passage 128 thus, fluid motor 120 is freed from the braking of negative break 151, if so, act on the time spent of doing that makes 120 pumps of fluid motor on the wind-power electricity generation unit 113 when excessive wind loads such as fitful winds, this fluid motor 120 is subjected to the braking and the rotation of negative break 151, thus can be easily and positively prevent to produce in the equipment bad influence.In addition, when having a power failure,, therefore be switched to and supply with the position, high-pressure liquid is imported negative break 151 from accumulator 175, fluid motor 120 is freed from the braking of negative break 151 owing to do not apply control valve voltage in this control valve 173.

And, in the 4th example, in connecting passage 164, install when any one passage that advances to arrange passage 133,134 and be in the relief valve 180 replacement throttle valve 165 that switch to open mode when above than the high but predetermined pressure that force down than the overflow of relief valve 142 of loine pressure.If so, when wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, if acting on wind-power electricity generation unit 113, excessive wind load such as fitful wind make fluid motor 120 play pump, advance to arrange passage 133 or 134 and rise to the above words of predetermined pressure, then relief valve 180 bears this pressure and is switched to open mode, make the high-pressure liquid of discharging side flow into the suction side, can will discharge the pressure limit of side at predetermined pressure (oil pressure relief).As a result, the overflow pressure acts on the fluid motor 120 as back pressure and applies fluid brake power, and not only the rotation of fluid motor 120 is suppressed, and is controlled by moment of torsion.Thus, can omit in the past for the fixing necessary oil brake that constitutes by the fixed braking plate of friction of the brake disc that is fixed on the pylon upper end portion and this brake disc of clamping in wind-power electricity generation unit.

And in the 4th example, when stopping the rotation in wind-power electricity generation unit 113, control device 130 continues to give control valve 173 to apply control valve voltage.Then, the time of advent, shown in Fig. 9 (f), control device 130 stopped to apply control valve voltage to control valve 173 during T1.As a result, high-pressure liquid from supply passage 128 through fluid passage 176, enter to arrange the control room that passage 177 offers negative break 151, in this time T 1, fluid motor 120 frees from the braking of negative break 151.Then, owing in time T 4, begin to apply above-mentioned control valve voltage, therefore begin negative break 151 and apply braking force for fluid motor 120 from this time T 4.

And, when wind-power electricity generation unit 113 stops the rotation, blow over when fitful wind etc. and to make wind speed reach predetermined value when above, control device 130 stops to apply control valve voltage to control valve 173 shown in Fig. 9 (f) according to the wind velocity signal of recording anemometer 172 outputs like that, and this control valve 173 is switched to supplies with the position.Thus, high-pressure liquid is provided for the control room of bearing break 151 from supply passage 128, and fluid motor 120 is freed from the braking of negative break 151, prevents to produce in the equipment bad influence.And when being in the time T 8 of stopping the rotation wind-power electricity generation unit 113, such control valve voltage begins to apply once more.In addition, other structure, effect are identical with above-mentioned the 3rd example.

The following describes relevant the used yaw drive method of above-mentioned retarder and the 5th example of device.In the 5th example, omitted minimizing unit 146, and when stopping the beat rotation, wind-power electricity generation unit 113 time stops to provide high-pressure liquid, in the time different, promptly undertaken by stopping to apply changing valve voltage to changing valve 131 in time T 3 with the above-mentioned the 3rd and the 4th example to fluid motor 120.And, begin from this time T 3 in through the time T 4 after the predetermined short time, control device 130 begins to apply control valve voltage to control valve 173, and this control valve 173 is switched to drain position, makes negative break 151 apply the retarding torque of predetermined value for fluid motor 120.

As a result, from stopping to provide to above-mentioned fluid motor 120 in the moment T3 of high-pressure liquid begins through the time till the scheduled time, wind-power electricity generation unit 113 rotational speed under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag slowly descends.And, when rotational speed reduces like this, apply above-mentioned retarding torque for fluid motor 120 owing to bear break 151, therefore reduced the impact between the internal tooth 118 of the tooth of small gear 124 and internal gear 119, the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 124, internal gear 119 not only can be reduced thus, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

In addition, though in above-mentioned example, the 1st gear (internal gear 119) is installed on the pylon 111, fluid motor 120 is installed on the wind-power electricity generation unit 113, but also the 1st gear can be installed on the wind-power electricity generation unit in the present invention, drive motor is installed on the pylon.And,, also can use motor in the present invention though in above-mentioned example, use fluid motor 120 as drive motor.At this moment, the driving energy is an electric power, but for the power value that provides is provided, can use thyristor, bidirectional triode thyristor etc.And though use ring-type internal gear 119 as the 1st gear in above-mentioned example, the small gear 124 that uses external gear is as the 2nd gear, and in the present invention, the 1st, the 2nd gear can use external gear.And, though in above-mentioned example the motor of fluid equally spacedly spaced apart in the circumferential direction (drive motor) 120, also can different spacing spaced apart in the circumferential direction dispose these drive motors.

Relevant the used yaw drive method of above-mentioned retarder and the 6th example of device are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Among Figure 10,11,211 is the pylon (pillar) of wind-driven generator 212, but wind-power electricity generation unit 213 rotates, can be supported in rotatably the upper end portion of this pylon 211 in generally horizontal plane by bearing 214 beats.Here, this wind-power electricity generation unit 213 is well-known structure, possesses suspention shell 215; Be supported on this suspention shell 215, can center on the rotor head that does not illustrate among the figure of approximate horizontal axis rotation; On this rotor head, rotatably link a plurality of windmill breaks (not illustrating among the figure) that the radial direction inner end is arranged; Accommodate and be fixed in the above-mentioned suspention shell 215, accept the rotation of rotor head and the generator (not illustrating among the figure) that generates electricity.

Here, the inner ring of above-mentioned bearing 214 is fixed on the pylon 211, the a plurality of internal tooths 218 of interior week formation at this inner ring, as a result, this inner ring constitutes that any is gone up in pylon 211 or the wind-power electricity generation unit 213 as being installed in, is the ring-type internal gear 219 of the 1st gear of pylon 211 upper end portions in this 6th example.Like this, if on internal gear 219 shared inner ring, then can make the overall structure of device simple, miniaturization.

220 for one of residue being installed to pylon 211 or wind-power electricity generation unit 213 under the state in the middle of retarder 221 is installed in, in this 6th example, be a plurality of motor on the suspention shell 215 of wind-power electricity generation unit 213, these motor 220 configurations equally spacedly spaced apart in the circumferential direction as drive motor.And, if providing for these motor 220 drives energy, here because drive motor is a motor 220, so words of switch on (electric power is provided), the then output shaft of this motor 220 (not illustrating among the figure) rotation, but the rotation driving torque of this output shaft is after retarder 221 slows down, impose on the running shaft 222 that is fixed on this retarder 221 small gear 223, make this small gear 223 rotations as the external gear of the 2nd gear.Here, these small gears 223 mesh with the internal tooth 218 of above-mentioned internal gear 219, the result, and when small gear 223 rotated as mentioned above, wind-power electricity generation unit 213 was supported on the pylon 211 by bearing 214 and the beat rotation.

226 is control device such as CPU, and the wind direction signals of anemoscope 227, potentiometer 228 outputs is imported in this control device 226.And this control device 226 makes this wind-power electricity generation unit 213 follow the rotation of wind direction beat according to representing that the above-mentioned wind direction signals of wind direction made motor 220 actions at that time, and wind-power electricity generation unit 213 can be generated electricity with high efficiency from the front wind-engaging.

231 is the brake unit that is attached on the motor 220, can applies the retarding torque of the value littler than the maximum driving torque of this motor 220 to the output shaft of this motor 220, as this brake unit 231, in this 6th example, use the well-known electromagnetic brake that uses friction plate.When under the control of above-mentioned control device 226, giving brake unit 231 energisings, this brake unit 231 applies retarding torque for the output shaft of motor 220, and when stopping brake unit 231 energising under the control of control device 226, brake unit 231 frees the output shaft of motor 220 from braking.

Here, though above-mentioned brake unit 231 applies retarding torque for motor 220 2 moment under the control of control device 226 at least, but applying when beginning of 1 initial retarding torque of torque wherein (slow down use torque) to motor 220 energisings, in addition 1 stop being applied to of retarding torque (stopping to use torque) and stop motor 220 switched on after through beginning behind the preset time.And, though applying of the initial retarding torque of above-mentioned torque can be through finishing after the predetermined short time after beginning from above-mentioned energising, and applying of above-mentioned termination retarding torque can stop the back end in the rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213, but in order to prevent that wind load etc. from making 213 rotations of wind-power electricity generation unit, preferably before beginning, do not finish at least, continue to apply retarding torque when stopping in the rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 beats to motor 220 energisings.

If apply the initial retarding torque of torque for motor 220 by brake unit 23 1 after beginning the predetermined short time that energising begins constantly to motor 220 like this, then the output driving torque of the motor 220 rotation driving torque that deducts the value of the initial retarding torque of above-mentioned torque is applied in when beginning to rotate to small gear 223 under the state that is decelerated.Here, because the initial retarding torque of above-mentioned torque is the little predetermined value of the most moving driving torque than motor 220 as previously mentioned, therefore thereby small gear 223 can rotate and make the 213 beats rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit, but the rotation driving torque of this moment is the less value of difference as mentioned above, and the rotational speed of small gear 223 is slowed down by the initial retarding torque of torque, therefore reduced the impact between the internal tooth 218 of the tooth of small gear 223 and internal gear 219, not only can reduce small gear 223 thus, the damage of the tooth of internal gear 219 or noise, and can make the cheap and miniaturization of device.Through after the predetermined short time, the rotational speed of motor 220 rises to a certain degree in this state, but this moment, above-mentioned brake unit 231 finished to give motor 220 to apply the initial retarding torque of torque, and wind-power electricity generation unit 213 carries out the beat rotation.

And, if as described above when stopping to motor 220 energising through applying the termination retarding torque for motor 220 by brake unit 231 behind the preset time, then begin when stopping to motor 220 energising to through in during the preset time, wind-power electricity generation unit 213 its rotational speed under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag descends.And, owing to when rotational speed reduces, apply above-mentioned termination retarding torque for motor 220 like this from brake unit 231, therefore reduce the impact between the internal tooth 218 of the tooth of small gear 223 and internal gear 219, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 223, internal gear 219 not only can be reduced, and the cheap and miniaturization of device can be made.

Here, above-mentioned initial, stop retarding torque and both can be certain value with the passing of time is irrelevant, also can be the form that passing in time reduces gradually or increases gradually.And these values initial, that stop retarding torque both can be identical, also can be different mutually, and especially stopping retarding torque can be the above value of maximum driving torque of motor 220.

And, in this 6th example, do not finishing to apply above-mentioned termination retarding torque through behind the preset time, before beginning to motor 220 energisings, continues (as mentioned above brake unit 231, begin the energising that the initial retarding torque of torque is used from this moment), 213 beats rotation in wind-power electricity generation unit when restrictions motor 220 stops.If this dual functions of function of restriction wind-power electricity generation unit 213 rotations when function that same brake unit 231 is possessed reduce to impact and motor 220 stop, compare during then with brake unit that above-mentioned 2 kinds of functions are set separately, can make relatively simple for structurely, can also make manufacturing cost cheap.

Here, be in the state that stops the rotation in above-mentioned wind-power electricity generation unit 213, and when brake unit 231 applies retarding torque (termination retarding torque) for motor 220, though there are excessive wind loads such as fitful wind to act on wind-power electricity generation unit 213, the possibility that makes this wind-power electricity generation unit 213 shake off the braking of brake unit 231 and rotate, but the rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 passes to brake unit 231 by the output shaft of internal gear 219, small gear 223, retarder 221 and motor 220 at this moment, rotates under the state of the mutual rubbing contact of friction plate.In this case, might produce frictional heat brake unit 231 is heated by this frictional heat and damage may.

Therefore, in this 6th example, not only the detecting sensor 233 of the temperature in this brake unit 231 of installation and measuring detects temperature in the brake unit 231 always above-mentioned brake unit 231 in, and this testing signal is imported control device 226.The result, when in frictional heat as described above makes brake unit 231, rising to the temperature more than the allowable temperature, control device 226 makes brake unit 231 stop to apply retarding torque to motor 220 according to the abnormal signal of detecting sensor 233 outputs, prevents degree of impairment as described above thus.

235 are discharged to fluid pump in the supply passage 238 as high-pressure liquid for the fluid that will be sucked by motor 236 rotary driving from container 237, in the middle of this supply passage 238, certificated valve 239 and accumulator 240 are installed, and are connected with the electromagnetic type changing valve of controlling by control device 226 241 in its terminal.And this changing valve 241 is connected with said vesse 237 usefulness discharge routes 242.243 are a plurality of arrestment mechanisms on the suspention shell 215 that is installed in wind-power electricity generation unit 213, these arrestment mechanism 243 equidistant from distance configurations spaced apart in the circumferential direction.

Each arrestment mechanism 243 is by passage 244 is connected the fluid cylinder 245 on the changing valve 241 and the fixed braking plate 246 of friction that driven by this fluid cylinder 245 constitutes by advancing to arrange.247 for being fixed on the ring-type brake disc of pylon 211 upper end portions, when high-pressure liquid being provided for above-mentioned fluid cylinder 245, by using braking plate 246 from this brake disc 247 of sandwich, apply fluid brake power for wind-power electricity generation unit 213, prevent the invalid by a small margin beat rotation in this wind-power electricity generation unit 213.Above-mentioned fluid pump 235, motor 236, changing valve 241, arrestment mechanism 243 and brake disc 247 whole formation hydrokinetic brakes 248.

The following describes the effect of above-mentioned the 6th example.

Now, because wind-power electricity generation unit 213 from the front wind-engaging, therefore stops to motor 220 energisings, the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 is stopped.At this moment, shown in Figure 12 (b), control unit 226 gives brake unit 231 energisings with predetermined voltage, applies retarding torque for the output shaft of motor 220.And in hydrokinetic brake 248, because control unit 226 switches to changing valve 241 and supplies with the position, the high-pressure liquid of discharging from fluid pump 235 offers the fluid cylinder 245, so braking plate 246 clamping brake discs 247 apply fluid brake power for wind-power electricity generation unit 213.

Then, if change of the wind, anemoscope 227 detects the variation of this wind direction and gives control device 226 output wind direction signals.As a result, control device 226 begins to rotate the output shaft of this drive motor 220 to motor 220 energisings with predetermined voltage as Figure 12 (c) T1 that is shown in constantly.And when arriving T1 during the moment, control device 226 switches to drain position with changing valve 241, and fluid is discharged to from fluid cylinder 245 in the container 237, and thus, wind-power electricity generation unit 213 frees from the braking of break 248.On the other hand, T1 begins to apply initial retarding torque to motor 220 though brake unit 231 is from beginning to switch on constantly to above-mentioned motor 220, but as mentioned above, because brake unit 231 continues to apply retarding torque when motor 220 stops the rotation, therefore in fact continue in the front and back in this moment to continue to give motor 220 to apply retarding torque to brake unit 231 energisings.If like this after beginning to motor 220 energisings, brake unit 231 applies initial retarding torque for this motor 220, then the output driving torque of the motor 220 rotation driving torque of difference that deducts the difference of above-mentioned retarding torque is applied under the state that is decelerated to small gear 223, has reduced the impact between the internal tooth 218 of the tooth of small gear 223 and internal gear 219 thus.

When beginning like this to motor 220 energisings, the rotational speed of the output shaft of motor 220 raises shown in Figure 12 (a) gradually, when begin to arrive T2 during the moment from the above-mentioned energising T1 zero hour through the short time, the rotational speed of above-mentioned output shaft is brought up to certain degree, shown in Figure 12 (b), stop to brake unit 231 energisings, this brake unit 231 frees the output shaft of motor 220 from braking.As a result, the output shaft of motor 220 is sharply quickened, and rotational speed rises to common rotational speed, and wind-power electricity generation unit 213 is with common beat rotational speed rotation, from the front wind-engaging.And, when wind-power electricity generation unit 213 beats rotate to when being about to arrive the position of front wind-engaging, shown in Figure 12 (c), stop motor 220 energisings, this stop energising constantly for T3 constantly.

T3 begins to arrive T4 during the moment through the predetermined short time when stop to switch on constantly from this, shown in Figure 12 (b), begins brake unit 231 energisings, and brake unit 231 begins the output shaft of motor 220 is applied the termination retarding torque.Here and since from stop to motor 220 be energized to brake unit 231 apply stop retarding torque during in passed through the predetermined short time, so wind-power electricity generation unit 213 its rotational speed under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag reduces.And because the moment brake unit 231 that reduces in rotational speed applies above-mentioned termination retarding torque for motor 220 like this, so the impact between the internal tooth 218 of the tooth of small gear 223 and internal gear 219 reduces.

And, when brake unit 231 applied the termination retarding torque for motor 220 as described above, the rotational speed of the output shaft of motor 220 sharply descended shown in Figure 12 (a), when arriving T5 during the moment, its rotation stops, and the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 also stops.At this moment, wind-power electricity generation unit 213 is from the front wind-engaging, and generating efficiency is the highest.And, 241 controlled 226 of changing valves switched to and supplied with the position this moment, and the high-pressure liquid of discharging from fluid pump 235 offers fluid cylinder 245, arrestment mechanism 243 clamping brake discs 247, above-mentioned brake unit 231 applies braking force for wind-power electricity generation unit 213, applies fluid brake power simultaneously.

Under this state before wind direction next time changes wind-power electricity generation unit 213 stop the rotation, but in this stopped process, might blow over fitful wind etc., excessive wind load acts on wind-power electricity generation unit 213, and the braking that brake unit 231, hydrokinetic brake 248 are shaken off in this wind-power electricity generation unit 213 begins rotation.The rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 at this moment is delivered to the output shaft of motor 220 through internal gear 219, small gear 223 and retarder 221, shown in Figure 12 (a), the output shaft of this motor 220 begins sharply to quicken and high speed rotating from T6 constantly, but, therefore produce frictional heat heating brake unit 231 under the state of mutual rubbing contact because the friction plate of brake unit 231 rotates at this moment.

And, when the temperature in the above-mentioned brake unit 231 rises to allowable temperature when above constantly at T7, the detecting sensor 233 that always detects the temperature in this brake unit 231 as Figure 12 (d) shown in like that to control device 226 output abnormality signals.As a result, control device 226 stops brake unit 231 energisings are stopped to apply retarding torque, and motor 220 is freed from the braking of brake unit 231, prevents brake unit 231 damages.

Then, arrive T8 constantly, if wind-power electricity generation unit 213 stops the rotation, temperature in the brake unit 231 is low to moderate below the allowable temperature simultaneously, detecting sensor 233 output abnormality signal not shown in Figure 12 (d) then, this moment, control device 226 gave brake unit 231 energisings shown in Figure 12 (a) once more, and brake unit 231 applies retarding torque for motor 220.

Figure 13 is the figure of expression the 7th example of the present invention.Here,, therefore only add identical numbering, omit its repeat specification, only describe with regard to different parts for identical part because the structure of most of above-mentioned the 6th example of the structure of the 7th example is identical.In the figure, 251 for being attached on the motor 220, the brake unit that can apply the retarding torque of the value littler than the maximum driving torque of this motor 220 for this motor 220, uses the well-known negative break of fluid type of friction plate that used as break 251 here.

Above-mentioned brake unit 251 has stationary housing 252, and piston 253 can be housed in this stationary housing 252 movably.And, in said fixing housing 252, containing between at least 1 piece of step surface 254 that is configured in piston 253 and brake unit 251, spline is combined in the spin friction plate 256 as the rotary side friction piece on output shaft 255 outsides of motor 220; And at least 1 piece can be toward or away from above-mentioned spin friction plate 256, and spline is combined in the fixed friction plate 257 as the fixed side friction piece on the inwall of stationary housing 252.258 for applying the elastomeric spring of conduct of elastic force for spin friction plate 256, fixed friction plate 257 by piston 253, this spring 258 makes these spin friction plates 256, fixed friction plate 257 be close to mutual rubbing contact by above-mentioned spin friction plate 256, fixed friction plate 257 are squeezed on the step surface 254.

259 is to be connected with said fixing housing 252, the fluid passage of throttle valve 260 is installed in the centre simultaneously, when in the control room that by this fluid passage 259 high-pressure liquid is imported in the said fixing housing 252, elastic force disengaging spin friction plate 256 and fixed friction plate 257 ground that piston 253 overcomes spring 258 move, thus, spin friction plate 256 is separated from one another with fixed friction plate 257.261 for being connected to the changing valve on the fluid passage 259, be connected with the other end of the supply passage 262 that an end and accumulator 240 link to each other with supply passage 238 between the changing valve 241 on this changing valve 261, and the other end of the discharge route 263 that is connected with container 237 of an end.And when control device 226 switches to this changing valve 261 when supplying with the position, the high-pressure liquid of discharging from fluid pump 235 offers the arrester of stationary housing 252, and when switch to drain position, fluid is from the arrester discharge of stationary housing 252.

Above-mentioned fluid passage 259 and throttle valve 260 whole formations make spin friction plate 256 and fixed friction plate 257 overcome the elastic force separating mechanism 264 disconnected from each other of spring 258.So,, then can simple in structure and positively make spin friction plate 256 and fixed friction plate 257 disconnected from each other if constitute separating mechanism 264 with fluid passage 259, throttle valve 260 as described above.And, said fixing housing 252, piston 253, spin friction plate 256, fixed friction plate 257, spring 258 and the above-mentioned brake unit 251 of separating mechanism 264 whole formations.If constitute brake unit 251 with stationary housing 252, piston 253, spin friction plate 256, fixed friction plate 257, spring 258 and separating mechanism 264 like this, then can make this brake unit 251 simple in structure and low prices.

And, in this 7th example, shown in Figure 14 (d), begin motor 220 energisings are begun to apply changing valve voltage to changing valve 261 simultaneously shown in Figure 14 (c) constantly with predetermined voltage at T1, this changing valve 261 is switched to supply with the position.The result, offer the control room of stationary housing 252 through supply passage 238,262 and fluid passage 259 from the high-pressure liquid of fluid pump 235 outflows, the pressure in this control room rises shown in Figure 14 (b), but this moment, the interior Fluid Volume of unit time that therefore will offer the control room of stationary housing 252 was limited on a small quantity owing to be provided with throttle valve 260 in the centre of above-mentioned fluid passage 259.

Therefore, piston 253 low speed in the elastic force that overcomes spring 258 moves, and needs preset time when disconnected from each other to spin friction plate 256 and fixed friction plate 257.Therefore, the spin friction plate 256 of brake unit 251 and fixed friction plate 257 state of rubbing contact (identical with the state of T1 before constantly) mutually begin through the elastic force effect that maintains spring 258 in the time of the scheduled time constantly from T1 under equally applies initial retarding torque to motor 220 with above-mentioned.Owing to after beginning, also apply initial retarding torque like this, therefore equally reduce impact with above-mentioned the 6th example from 251 pairs of these motor 220 of brake unit to motor 220 energising.

Then, when arriving T3 during the moment, stop shown in Figure 14 (d) motor 220 energisings, finish simultaneously changing valve 261 is applied changing valve voltage shown in Figure 14 (c), this changing valve 261 is switched to drain position.The result, fluid control room from stationary housing 252 under the effect of the elastic force of spring 258 is discharged to the container 237 through supply passage 238,262 and fluid passage 259, the pressure in this control room reduces shown in Figure 14 (b), but this moment since above-mentioned fluid passage 259 throttle valve 260 is installed midway, therefore the Fluid Volume in the unit time that will discharge from the control room of stationary housing 252 is controlled on a small quantity.

Therefore, piston 253 low speed move, and need preset time during to the mutual rubbing contact of spin friction plate 256 and fixed friction plate 257.Owing to after stopping, beginning to apply the termination retarding torque like this from 251 pairs of these motor 220 of brake unit through the predetermined short time to motor 220 energisings, therefore the rotational speed of wind-power electricity generation unit 213 reduces during this period, equally with above-mentioned the 6th example reduces impact.

And, fitful wind etc. is blown over when wind-power electricity generation unit 213 stops the rotation, excessive wind-force load acts on wind-power electricity generation unit 213, thus, 213 rotations of wind-power electricity generation unit, output shaft 255 high speed rotating of while motor 220, the spin friction plate 256 of brake unit 251, fixed friction plate 257 produce a large amount of frictional heats.At this moment, because detecting sensor 233 is constantly given control device 226 output abnormality signals at T7 as Figure 14 (e) shown in, so this control device 226 applies changing valve voltage to changing valve 261 as Figure 14 (c) shown in, and this changing valve 261 is switched to the supply position.As a result, high-pressure liquid offers the control room of stationary housing 252, and motor 220 frees from the braking of brake unit 251.Then, when the temperature in the brake unit 231 is reduced to allowable temperature when following, brake unit 251 applies retarding torque for once more motor 220.In addition, other structure is identical with above-mentioned the 6th example with effect.

The following describes the 8th example.In the 8th example, when making wind-power electricity generation unit 213 stop the beat rotation, do not apply the termination retarding torque as described above, but by control device 226 control bidirectional triode thyristors, silicon controlled rectifier etc., the performance number that offers motor 220 when making performance number that the moment that is about to stop to motor 220 energisings begins to give in scheduled time between the moment that stops this energising motor 220 energisings than common beat rotation is little, reduces the rotating force that built-in motor 220 during this imposes on wind-power electricity generation unit 213 thus.If so, then wind-power electricity generation unit 213 during above-mentioned under the effect of first-class gyroscopic effect of rotor or surface friction drag its rotational speed reduce gradually.And, if rotational speed reduces like this, control unit applies the words of the termination retarding torque of predetermined value for motor 220 after stopping to the moment of motor 220 energisings, then reduced the impact between the internal tooth 218 of the tooth of small gear 223 and internal gear 219, thus, the damage or the noise of the tooth of small gear 223, internal gear 219 not only can be reduced, but also device low price and miniaturization can be made.

In addition, though in above-mentioned example, the 1st gear (internal gear) 219 is installed on the pylon 211, motor 220 is installed on the wind-power electricity generation unit 213, but also the 1st gear can be installed on the wind-power electricity generation unit in the present invention, drive motor is installed on the pylon.And,, also can use the fluid motor in the present invention though in above-mentioned example, use motor 220 as drive motor.At this moment, driving energy is high-pressure liquid.And, though in above-mentioned example, use identical brake unit 231 to apply initiating, stop retarding torque, also can use different brake units to apply initiating in the present invention respectively, stop retarding torque.And though use ring-type internal gear 219 as the 1st gear in above-mentioned example, the small gear 223 that uses external gear is as the 2nd gear, and in the present invention, the 1st, the 2nd gear can use external gear.And, though in above-mentioned example motor (drive motor) 220 and the arrestment mechanism 243 of disposing equally spacedly spaced apart in the circumferential direction, also can different spacing spaced apart in the circumferential direction dispose these drive motors and arrestment mechanism.

Here, when in above-mentioned the 8th example, using the fluid motor to replace motor 220, also can advance to arrange in the way of connecting passage of passage and container proportion of installation pressure controlled valve or open and close valve and low pressure relief valve successively connecting the high pressure side link to each other with this fluid motor, this proportional pressure control valve can rely on current value to control to pass through pressure with coming linarity.If so, then can be when wind-power electricity generation unit beat rotates by proportional pressure control valve being set at high pressure or open and close valve being switched to closed condition, the pressure that the high pressure side is advanced to arrange in the passage maintains common high pressure; And from be about to stop to provide high-pressure liquid to the fluid motor the time be carved into this and stop to supply with in the preset time constantly, can be by proportional pressure control valve be set at low pressure, perhaps open and close valve is switched to open mode, fluid is fallen in overflow from low pressure relief valve, makes the high pressure side advance to arrange pressure in the passage and is reduced to than above-mentioned common height and forces down.

Utilizability on the industry

As mentioned above, if adopt the present invention, can provide to be applicable to the inclined to one side of wind power generation plant The short decelerator of length of pendulum drive unit, efficient height and axis direction. And, can be enough In utilizing wind-force to make wind power generation plant that air vane rotation generates electricity, the high and knot of efficient The nutation driving device of structure compactness.

Claims (22)

1. the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of a wind generating unit is characterized in that,

This retarder comprises the one-level reduction part, the double reduction portion that is connected with this one-level reduction part and three grades of reduction part that are connected with this double reduction portion,

The total reduction speed ratio of above-mentioned one-level reduction part and double reduction portion is set at 1/6 to 1/60, and constitutes above-mentioned three grades of reduction part by the Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure, this Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure possesses: at the internal-gear body that is formed with internal tooth interior week; Accommodating this internal-gear body internal and external circumferential has and is meshed with above-mentioned internal tooth and external tooth that this internal tooth of gear ratio is few slightly, vertically and a plurality of external gears of row arrangement; By rotation freely be inserted in above-mentioned a plurality of external gear, being connected and rotate with above-mentioned double reduction portion makes the eccentric crankshaft that rotates of above-mentioned a plurality of external gear; And the bearing of rotatably supporting these crankshaft two end part,

The reduction speed ratio of this Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure is set at 1/50 to 1/140, and the total reduction ratio of above-mentioned retarder is set at 1/1000 to 1/3000.

2. the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of wind generating unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,

The one-level reduction part of above-mentioned retarder is made of planetary gear speed reducing mechanism, this planetary gear speed reducing mechanism possesses input central gear, a plurality of planetary pinions that are meshed with this input central gear, has in the internal-gear body and the rotation of above-mentioned a plurality of planetary internal tooths that are meshed with above-mentioned a plurality of planetary pinions on every side and freely support above-mentioned a plurality of planetary bearing around this input central gear

The double reduction portion of above-mentioned retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth, and the wheeled reducing gear of this straight-tooth comprises input spur gear that is connected with the bearing of above-mentioned planetary gear speed reducing mechanism and the spur gear that is meshed with this input spur gear.

3. the retarder that uses in the beat drive unit of wind generating unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,

The one-level reduction part of above-mentioned retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth of the 1st spur gear that comprises the 1st input spur gear and be meshed with the 1st input spur gear,

The double reduction portion of above-mentioned retarder is made of the wheeled reducing gear of straight-tooth that comprises the 2nd input spur gear that is connected with the 1st spur gear and the 2nd spur gear that is meshed with the 2nd input spur gear.

4. as each the described retarder that is used for the beat drive unit of wind generating unit in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,

Link the output shaft that motor is arranged at the input part of above-mentioned one-level reduction part, be formed with the external tooth that is meshed with the gear ring of pylon at the carry-out part of above-mentioned Eccentrically rocking type reduction gear structure.

5. the yaw drive method of a wind-driven generator, but be installed in the wind-power electricity generation unit that pylon or beat be supported in this pylon upper end portion rotatably in the 2nd gear that is meshed of the 1st gear on any one remaining drive motor on another comes rotary driving in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit by being installed in, make the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit thus, it is characterized in that

From beginning above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, the driving energy that offers drive motor when making the driving energy that offers drive motor than common beat rotation is little.

6. the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,

In the scheduled time till the moment that provides that stops this driving energy before being about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy to above-mentioned drive motor, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, and after stopping drive motor being provided the moment of driving energy, drive motor is applied the retarding torque of predetermined value by brake unit.

7. the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,

From stopping above-mentioned drive motor being provided the moment that drives energy begin drive motor to be applied the retarding torque of predetermined value by brake unit through after the scheduled time.

8. the beat drive unit of a wind-driven generator is characterized in that, comprising:

But be installed in pylon or beat and be supported in the wind-power electricity generation unit of this pylon upper end portion the 1st gear on any one rotatably;

The 2nd gear that is meshed with above-mentioned the 1st gear;

Be installed in remaining on another in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit, when providing when driving energy by driving the drive motor that above-mentioned the 2nd gear rotation makes the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit;

When being reduced to from the driving energy that begins above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, will offer drive motor, offer the little minimizing unit of driving energy of drive motor than common beat rotation.

9. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that,

In the scheduled time before being about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy till the moment that provides that stops this driving energy to drive motor, the driving energy that will offer drive motor by above-mentioned minimizing unit offers drive motor when being reduced to than common beat rotation driving energy is little, and is provided with the brake unit that drive motor is applied the retarding torque of predetermined value after stopping to provide the moment that drives energy to drive motor.

10. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that,

A plurality of above-mentioned drive motors and the 2nd gear are set, and the driving energy after will being reduced by above-mentioned minimizing unit after the wind-power electricity generation unit stops the beat rotation offers a part of drive motor, make the 2nd gear rotation thus, eliminate the backlash between the tooth of the tooth of the 2nd gear and the 1st gear.

11. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that,

When above-mentioned drive motor is the fluid motor, to this fluid motor advance the current drainage body a pair of advance to arrange between the passage connect by connecting passage, and in the way of this connecting passage, throttle valve is installed, is played the rotational speed of doing the time spent of pump by the above-mentioned fluid motor of this throttle valve control.

12. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that,

When above-mentioned drive motor is the fluid motor, to this fluid motor advance the current drainage body a pair of advance to arrange between the passage connect by connecting passage, and in the way of this connecting passage, install when any one pressure that advances to arrange passage and reach the relief valve that predetermined pressure switches to open position when above, when the time spent of doing that above-mentioned fluid motor plays pump, by the torque of this relief valve control fluid motor.

13. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that,

Also be provided with the recording anemometer of measuring wind, the wind speed that measures when this recording anemometer frees drive motor when predetermined value is above from the braking of brake unit.

14. the yaw drive method of a wind-driven generator, but remaining drive motor on another comes rotary driving in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit by being installed in being installed in the wind-power electricity generation unit that pylon or beat be supported in this pylon upper end portion rotatably ring-type internal gear pinion in mesh on any one, make the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit thus, it is characterized in that

From beginning above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, the driving energy that offers drive motor when making the driving energy that offers drive motor than common beat rotation is little.

15. the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,

From before being about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy to above-mentioned drive motor in stop to the scheduled time till the moment that provides that drives energy, the driving energy that offers drive motor when the driving energy that offers drive motor is rotated than common beat is little, and after stopping drive motor being provided the moment of driving energy, drive motor is applied the retarding torque of predetermined value by brake unit.

16. the yaw drive method of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,

From stopping above-mentioned drive motor being provided the moment that drives energy begin drive motor to be applied the retarding torque of predetermined value by brake unit through behind the preset time.

17. the beat drive unit of a wind-driven generator is characterized in that, comprising:

But be installed in pylon or beat and be supported in the wind-power electricity generation unit of this pylon upper end portion ring-type internal gear on any one rotatably;

With above-mentioned internal gear pinion in mesh;

Be installed in remaining on another in pylon or the wind-power electricity generation unit, rotate the drive motor that makes the beat rotation of wind-power electricity generation unit when providing when driving energy by driving above-mentioned small gear; And

From beginning above-mentioned drive motor provided in the scheduled time that moment of driving energy begins, offer the little minimizing unit of driving energy of drive motor when being reduced to the driving energy that offers drive motor than common beat rotation.

18. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that,

In the scheduled time till the moment that provides that stops this driving energy before being about to stop to provide the moment that drives energy to drive motor, the driving energy that will offer drive motor by above-mentioned minimizing unit offers drive motor when being reduced to than common beat rotation driving energy is little, and is arranged on and stops to provide the brake unit that drive motor is applied after the moment that drives energy the retarding torque of predetermined value to drive motor.

19. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that,

A plurality of above-mentioned drive motors and small gear are set, and the driving energy after will being reduced by above-mentioned minimizing unit after the wind-power electricity generation unit stops the beat rotation offers a part of drive motor, make the small gear rotation thus, the backlash between the tooth of elimination small gear and the tooth of internal gear.

20. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that,

When above-mentioned drive motor is the fluid motor, to this fluid motor advance the current drainage body a pair of advance to arrange between the passage connect by connecting passage, and in the way of this connecting passage, throttle valve is installed, is played the rotational speed of doing the time spent of pump by the above-mentioned fluid motor of this throttle valve control.

21. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that,

When above-mentioned drive motor is the fluid motor, to this fluid motor advance the current drainage body a pair of advance to arrange between the passage connect by connecting passage, and in the way of this connecting passage, install when any one pressure that advances to arrange passage and reach the relief valve that predetermined pressure switches to open position when above, when the time spent of doing that above-mentioned fluid motor plays pump, by the torque of this relief valve control fluid motor.

22. the beat drive unit of wind-driven generator as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that,

Also be provided with the recording anemometer of measuring wind, the wind speed that measures when this recording anemometer frees drive motor when predetermined value is above from the braking of brake unit.

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