CN1828184A - Multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system - Google Patents

Multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1828184A
CN1828184A CN 200610050285 CN200610050285A CN1828184A CN 1828184 A CN1828184 A CN 1828184A CN 200610050285 CN200610050285 CN 200610050285 CN 200610050285 A CN200610050285 A CN 200610050285A CN 1828184 A CN1828184 A CN 1828184A
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
port
water heater
magnetic valve
water tank
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CN 200610050285
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CN100376851C (en
Inventor
王勤
黎佳荣
陈光明
徐敬玉
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Priority to CNB2006100502855A priority Critical patent/CN100376851C/en
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Publication of CN100376851C publication Critical patent/CN100376851C/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar-energy auxiliary multifunctional heat pump system, which comprises connected air-conditioning module and composite water heater module. Wherein, the air-conditioning module is formed by serially connected compressor, four-way valve, indoor heat exchanger, first throat element, coil tube heat exchanger, second throat element and outdoor heat exchanger; the composite water heater module is between the first and second throat elements, which comprises a closed support thermal-insulated water bank, a solar-energy collector, a coil tube heat exchanger and the second electromagnetic valve. Said composite water heater module has the functions of heat pump water heater storage pot, and the function of auxiliary steamer. The invention can realize multifunction of air conditioner and water heater to supply the hot water in 50-90Deg. C and confirm the stability of system in winter.

Description

Multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system
Technical field
The invention belongs to air source heat pump air-conditioner, Teat pump boiler and field of solar energy utilization, relate in particular to a kind of multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system.
Background technology
Oil crisis and greenhouse effects have proposed the severe challenge of the energy and environmental problem to the whole world.No matter be power shortage or global warming, its root all is the unreasonable of using energy source.People often are used for needs such as low-grade heat supply with the direct burning of the fuel of high-grades such as oil, natural gas and coal, make that not only the practical efficiency of the energy is lower, and a large amount of CO that produces 2Isothermal chamber gas, these are arch-criminals of greenhouse effects.Therefore the key that solves the energy and environmental problem is reasonable energy utilization and improves rate of energy.
By thermodynamic analysis as can be known, heat pump techniques has huge application advantage in the heat loss field less than 100 ℃.Through heat pump cycle, the low-grade energy times over paying merit can be pumped into the place that needs use.For example, the compression type heat pump water heater be high-grade electric energy of 1 unit of a kind of usefulness with after the heat of the environment temperature of 2~3 units mixes, be used for heat hot water again, the 1kW electrical power can produce the heat of 3~4kW.Therefore, the using heat pump technology is very beneficial for the living standard of rationally utilizing natural resources, improving people and protects environment to pollute to reduce.It can well combine social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The air-conditioning and the water heater overwhelming majority who uses in the family is two independently electrical equipment at present.Air-conditioning only is used for air conditioning when winter in summer, utilization rate of equipment and installations is extremely low, and cold district operation of air conditioner efficient is extremely low in the winter time, and system is easy break-down very.Water heater mainly contains electrical heating water heater, gas heater and three kinds of patterns of solar water heater.The efficiency of heating surface of electrical heating water heater generally only reaches 98%, and very easily produces because the improper electric leakage danger that causes is maintained and installed to long-term lacking; Probably about 80%~90%, combustion gas itself and the waste gas that produces all exist poisonous danger to the efficiency of heating surface of gas heater.Though solar water heater is the green product that utilizes solar energy, be subjected to the influence of weather very big, it is very restricted in practicality and comfortableness.
The present invention is based on heat pump techniques, with energy savings, effectively utilize solar energy, improve economy, strengthen practicality, guarantee security and strengthen the stability of a system and improve many-sides such as utilization rate of equipment and installations and combine together in winter, can realize finishing expeditiously multiple functions such as producing hot water and air conditioning.Energy is carried out more efficient use.The present invention just is based on this background proposition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provides a kind of multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system at existing technical deficiency.Under the indoor heating operating mode, reasonably utilize solar energy flexibly in the winter time, improve the COP value that heat pump heats greatly, strengthen the coefficient of stabilization of system's operation in winter, reduce fault rate.Can realize the multiple function of room air conditioner and water heater well, 50~90 ℃ hot water is provided.
Multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system has air-conditioner module and the composite water heater module that is connected, the air-conditioner module has the compressor that is connected successively, cross valve, indoor heat exchanger, the first throttle element, coil heat exchanger, second restricting element, outdoor heat exchanger, be connected with the composite water heater module between the first throttle element and second restricting element, the composite water heater module has water tank, water tank is provided with solar thermal collector), be provided with coil heat exchanger in the water tank, outer and the coil heat exchanger of water tank also is connected to second magnetic valve, and water tank is airtight pressure-bearing cool-bag.
Compressor first port in the air-conditioner module links to each other with first port of cross valve, second port of cross valve links to each other with first port of indoor heat exchanger, the 3rd port of cross valve links to each other with second port of compressor, second port of indoor heat exchanger is successively by the first throttle element, coil heat exchanger, second restricting element links to each other with second port of outdoor heat exchanger, first port of outdoor heat exchanger is connected with the 4th port of cross valve again, first magnetic valve is in parallel with the first throttle element, second magnetic valve is in parallel with coil heat exchanger, and the 3rd magnetic valve is in parallel with second restricting element.
First port of composite water heater module links to each other with second port of indoor heat exchanger through the first throttle element, first port of composite water heater module links to each other with second port of outdoor heat exchanger through second restricting element, first magnetic valve and first throttle element are connected in parallel, and the 3rd magnetic valve and second restricting element are connected in parallel.
Water tank is provided with oral siphon, outlet pipe, and the oral siphon of water tank is serially connected with magnetizer.
Coil heat exchanger in the water tank is light pipe immersion heat exchanger, nest plate type heat exchanger or double pipe heat exchanger.Indoor heat exchanger and outdoor heat exchanger are air-cooled heat exchanger, and first throttle element, second restricting element are capillary, automatic valve or manually-operated gate.Two ends of first throttle element link to each other with second port of indoor heat exchanger and first port of composite water heater module respectively, and first magnetic valve and first throttle element are connected in parallel.Two ends of second restricting element link to each other with second port of outdoor heat exchanger second port and composite water heater module respectively, and the 3rd magnetic valve and second restricting element are connected in parallel.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. energy saving.Common air-conditioning moves the shortcoming that exists COP extremely low in the winter time, and the present invention can effectively utilize solar energy as the cold-producing medium evaporation energy, and the COP value of the operation of raising system widely plays energy-conservation effect.
2. practicality.The present invention is with air-conditioning, and water heater-integrated design has realized two kinds of functions of use of a set of equipment, is beneficial in the family very much and promotes the use of.In design, incorporate simultaneously rationally utilizing flexibly of solar energy again, had very strong practicality.
3. economy.The present invention and single air-conditioning+single all kinds of water heaters relatively have tangible integrated economy advantage.Just increased a water tank and solar thermal collector on the basis of air-conditioner, the cost performance that obtains is higher than the economic benefit that single air-conditioning+single all kinds of water heaters produce far away.In addition, the present invention can also allow the user enjoy the preferential of tou power price.
4. stable.Common air-conditioning moves under cold winter conditions and very easily breaks down, and the present invention effectively utilizes solar energy, reduces to make system's evaporating temperature cross low and all kinds of faults that cause have strengthened the stability of a system.Simultaneously, in case the external boiler frosting, the present invention will start distinctive thermal water source's quickly defrosting, reduce the time of defrosting, improve stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system flow chart of apparatus of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system has air-conditioner module 29 and the composite water heater module 25 that is connected, air-conditioner module 29 has the compressor 1 that is connected successively, cross valve 4, indoor heat exchanger 9, first throttle element 12, coil heat exchanger 18, second restricting element 20, outdoor heat exchanger 22, be connected with composite water heater module 25 between the first throttle element 12 and second restricting element 20, composite water heater module 25 has water tank 14, water tank is provided with solar thermal collector 15, be provided with coil heat exchanger 18 in the water tank, outer and the coil heat exchanger 18 of water tank also is connected to second magnetic valve 19, and water tank 14 is airtight pressure-bearing cool-bag.Realization singly heats, singly heats water, refrigeration heats six kinds of functional modes such as water, single refrigeration, solar water heater and winter frost removing simultaneously.
Compressor 1 first port 3 in the described air-conditioner module 29 links to each other with first port 8 of cross valve 4, second port 5 of cross valve 4 links to each other with first port one 0 of indoor heat exchanger 9, the 3rd port 6 of cross valve 4 links to each other with second port 2 of compressor 1, second port one 1 of indoor heat exchanger 9 is successively by first throttle element 12, coil heat exchanger 18, second restricting element 20 links to each other with second port 23 of outdoor heat exchanger 22, first port 24 of outdoor heat exchanger 22 is connected with the 4th port 7 of cross valve 4 again, first magnetic valve 13 is in parallel with first throttle element 12, second magnetic valve 19 is in parallel with coil heat exchanger 18, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 is in parallel with second restricting element 20.
The main difference part of the present invention and common air-conditioning heat pump cycle is to have installed a composite water heater module that merges solar thermal collector, coil heat exchanger, water tank and magnetic valve between indoor heat exchanger and outdoor heat exchanger additional.This device is the capital equipment that effectively utilizes solar energy, and it can play the effect of Teat pump boiler water tank, can play the effect of solar energy source as auxiliary evaporator that utilize again in the winter time, can also play the effect of solar water heater when operating heat pump system not.
First port 26 of composite water heater module 25 links to each other with second port one 1 of indoor heat exchanger 9 through first throttle element 12, first port 27 of composite water heater module 25 links to each other with second port 23 of outdoor heat exchanger 22 through second restricting element 20, first magnetic valve 13 is connected in parallel with first throttle element 12, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 and second restricting element 20 are connected in parallel.
Water tank 14 is provided with oral siphon 16, outlet pipe 17, and the oral siphon 16 of water tank is serially connected with magnetizer 28.Water tank upper is a water inlet, and the bottom is a delivery port.Water temperature design temperature in the water tank is 55 ℃, will not re-use heat pump when being higher than this temperature it is heated.Coil heat exchanger in the water tank is light pipe immersion heat exchanger or nest plate type heat exchanger or double pipe heat exchanger.
Coil heat exchanger 18 in the water tank 14 is light pipe immersion heat exchanger, nest plate type heat exchanger or double pipe heat exchanger.Indoor heat exchanger 9 and outdoor heat exchanger 22 are air-cooled heat exchanger, and first throttle element 12, second restricting element 20 are capillary, automatic valve or manually-operated gate.Two ends of first throttle element 12 link to each other with second port one 1 of indoor heat exchanger 9 and first port 26 of composite water heater module 25 respectively, and first magnetic valve 13 is connected in parallel with first throttle element 12.Two ends of second restricting element 20 link to each other with second port 27 of outdoor heat exchanger 22 second ports 23 and composite water heater module 25 respectively, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 and second restricting element 20 are connected in parallel.
The present invention adopts split-type structural, indoor heat exchanger need be installed in indoor, the composite water heater module is installed on the roof, outdoor heat exchanger and compressor can be installed on from the not far place of composite water heater module, and composite water heater module and outdoor heat exchanger and compressor also can be used as a global facility and be installed on the roof.Indoor set is connected with refrigerant line with outdoor location.
In addition, the indoor and outdoor heat exchanger all is the effect that reaches heat convection by fan, and fan can reach the effect that needs by control among the present invention.
The present invention can realize following six kinds of functional modes:
1. single heating mode
Two kinds of situations are arranged under this kind pattern: solar energy and no solar energy are promptly arranged, among the present invention with the water temperature T in the water tank 14 WWith the ratio of outdoor environment temperature be that standard weighs.
1-A) if T W>T o, this moment the solar energy abundance.Then first magnetic valve 7 closes, and second magnetic valve, 9, the three magnetic valves 8 are opened, and the indoor and outdoor heat exchanger fan is all rotated.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 condensation heat release in the indoor heat exchanger 9, through first throttle element 12, by the 18 evaporation heat absorptions of the coil heat exchanger in the composite water heater module 25, again through the 3rd magnetic valve 21, to outdoor heat exchanger 22, last low-pressure steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.In this process, the water in the water tank constantly absorbs the heat of the sun from solar thermal collector 15.Under this pattern, coil condenser 18 is equivalent to auxiliary evaporator.If run to certain the time T in system WLess than T oOr T WDuring less than 0 ℃, system turns to the 1-B heating mode immediately.
1-B) if T W<T o, this moment, solar energy was inadequate.Then first magnetic valve 13 closes, and second magnetic valve 19 is opened, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 is opened, and the indoor and outdoor heat exchanger fan is all rotated.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 condensation heat release in the indoor heat exchanger 9, first throttle element 12, by second magnetic valve 19 in the composite water heater module 25, again through the 3rd magnetic valve 21, to outdoor heat exchanger 22, last low-pressure steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.Under this pattern, coil heat exchanger 18 is not worked.
2. singly heat aqueous mode
Under this pattern, first magnetic valve 13 is opened, and second magnetic valve 19 closes, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 closes; The indoor heat exchanger fan does not rotate, and the outdoor heat exchanger fan rotates.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 not heat release in the indoor heat exchanger 9, through first magnetic valve 13, by the 18 condensation heat releases of the coil heat exchanger in the composite water heater module 25, again through second restricting element 20, to outdoor heat exchanger 22, last low-pressure steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.
3. refrigeration heats aqueous mode simultaneously
Under this pattern, the water temperature T in the water tank 14 WLess than 55 ℃ of design temperatures.First magnetic valve 13 closes, and second magnetic valve 19 closes, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 is opened; The outdoor heat exchanger fan does not rotate, and the indoor heat exchanger fan rotates.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 not heat release in the outdoor heat exchanger 22, through the 3rd magnetic valve 21, by the 18 condensation heat releases of the coil heat exchanger in the composite water heater module 25, pass through first throttle element 12 again, to indoor heat exchanger 9 evaporation and heat-exchanges, last low-pressure steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.In this circulation, outdoor heat exchanger 22 is not worked.If be in operation T WGreater than 55 ℃ of design temperatures, system turns to single refrigeration mode immediately.
4. single refrigeration mode
Under this pattern, first magnetic valve 13 closes, and second magnetic valve 19 is opened, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 is opened; The indoor and outdoor heat exchanger fan is all rotated.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 heat release in the outdoor heat exchanger 22, through the 3rd magnetic valve 21, by second magnetic valve 19 in the composite water heater module 25, pass through first throttle element 12 again, to indoor heat exchanger 9 evaporation and heat-exchanges, last low-pressure steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.
5. solar water heater pattern
Under this kind pattern, heat pump is not worked, and relies on solar energy to come water in the heating water tank 14 fully.
6. winter frost removing pattern
Under this kind pattern, first magnetic valve 13 is opened, and second magnetic valve 19 closes, and the 3rd magnetic valve 21 closes; The outdoor heat exchanger fan rotates, and indoor exchanging air fan does not rotate.Superheated steam comes out from compressor 1, through cross valve 4 heat release in the outdoor heat exchanger 22, through second restricting element 20, in the coil heat exchanger 18 of composite water heater module 25, cold-producing medium is drawn the heat of vaporization in the water, again through first magnetic valve 13, through indoor heat exchanger 9 not heat exchange, last Low Temperature Steam is got back to compressor 1 by cross valve 4, finishes circulation.Under this pattern, coil heat exchanger 18 is equivalent to the effect of evaporimeter.If the water temperature T in the water tank 14 in this defrost process, occurs WDuring less than 0 ℃, second magnetic valve 19 is opened immediately.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system, it is characterized in that it has air-conditioner module (29) and the composite water heater module (25) that is connected, air-conditioner module (29) has the compressor (1) that is connected successively, cross valve (4), indoor heat exchanger (9), first throttle element (12), coil heat exchanger (18), second restricting element (20), outdoor heat exchanger (22), be connected with composite water heater module (25) between first throttle element (12) and second restricting element (20), composite water heater module (25) has water tank (14), water tank is provided with solar thermal collector (15), be provided with coil heat exchanger (18) in the water tank, outer and the coil heat exchanger (18) of water tank also is connected to second magnetic valve (19), and water tank (14) is airtight pressure-bearing cool-bag.
2, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that compressor (1) first port (3) in the described air-conditioner module (29) links to each other with first port (8) of cross valve (4), second port (5) of cross valve (4) links to each other with first port (10) of indoor heat exchanger (9), the 3rd port (6) of cross valve (4) links to each other with second port (2) of compressor (1), second port (11) of indoor heat exchanger (9) is successively by first throttle element (12), coil heat exchanger (18), second restricting element (20) links to each other with second port (23) of outdoor heat exchanger (22), first port (24) of outdoor heat exchanger (22) is connected with the 4th port (7) of cross valve (4) again, first magnetic valve (13) is in parallel with first throttle element (12), second magnetic valve (19) is in parallel with coil heat exchanger (18), and the 3rd magnetic valve (21) is in parallel with second restricting element (20).
3, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 1, first port (26) that it is characterized in that described composite water heater module (25) links to each other with second port (11) of indoor heat exchanger (9) through first throttle element (12), first port (27) of composite water heater module (25) links to each other with second port (23) of outdoor heat exchanger (22) through second restricting element (20), first magnetic valve (13) is connected in parallel with first throttle element (12), and the 3rd magnetic valve (21) is connected in parallel with second restricting element (20).
4, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 3 is characterized in that described water tank (14) is provided with oral siphon (16), outlet pipe (17), and the oral siphon of water tank (16) is serially connected with magnetizer (28).
5, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 3 is characterized in that the coil heat exchanger (18) in the described water tank (14) is light pipe immersion heat exchanger, nest plate type heat exchanger or double pipe heat exchanger.
6, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described indoor heat exchanger (9) and outdoor heat exchanger (22) are air-cooled heat exchanger, first throttle element (12), second restricting element (20) are capillary, automatic valve or manually-operated gate.
7, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 2, two ends that it is characterized in that described first throttle element (12) link to each other with second port (11) of indoor heat exchanger (9) and first port (26) of composite water heater module (25) respectively, and first magnetic valve (13) is connected in parallel with first throttle element (12).
8, multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system according to claim 2, two ends that it is characterized in that described second restricting element (20) link to each other with second port (27) of outdoor heat exchanger (22) second ports (23) and composite water heater module (25) respectively, and the 3rd magnetic valve (21) is connected in parallel with second restricting element (20).
CNB2006100502855A 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 Multifunctional solar-assisted heat pump system Expired - Fee Related CN100376851C (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100462642C (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-02-18 浙江大学 Multifunctional solar energy assisted integral air conditioner water heater
CN101936619A (en) * 2010-09-03 2011-01-05 广东工业大学 Solar heat pump system and device thereof
CN102721232A (en) * 2012-05-17 2012-10-10 李宏江 Air-conditioning water heater capable of saving half of electricity
CN105811877A (en) * 2016-03-17 2016-07-27 苏州大美节能科技有限公司 Multi-stage heat-exchange type photovoltaic photo-thermal combined supply system
CN106524539A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-03-22 广东高而美制冷设备有限公司 Solar and air heat exchanging system carrying out supercooling through natural convection of cold water and hot water
CN115183402A (en) * 2022-07-04 2022-10-14 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 Control method and control device for defrosting of air conditioner and air conditioner

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100343808B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2002-07-20 진금수 Heat pump type air conditioner
CN2644936Y (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-09-29 东南大学 Heat pump type dual-purpose air-conditioning and hot-water apparatus
CN1235007C (en) * 2003-08-28 2006-01-04 上海交通大学 Unit solar energy heat pump air conditioner and hot water system

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100462642C (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-02-18 浙江大学 Multifunctional solar energy assisted integral air conditioner water heater
CN101936619A (en) * 2010-09-03 2011-01-05 广东工业大学 Solar heat pump system and device thereof
CN101936619B (en) * 2010-09-03 2013-06-12 广东工业大学 Solar heat pump system and device thereof
CN102721232A (en) * 2012-05-17 2012-10-10 李宏江 Air-conditioning water heater capable of saving half of electricity
CN105811877A (en) * 2016-03-17 2016-07-27 苏州大美节能科技有限公司 Multi-stage heat-exchange type photovoltaic photo-thermal combined supply system
CN106524539A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-03-22 广东高而美制冷设备有限公司 Solar and air heat exchanging system carrying out supercooling through natural convection of cold water and hot water
CN106524539B (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-08-10 广东高而美制冷设备有限公司 The solar-energy air-energy heat-exchange system being subcooled using hot and cold water free convection
CN115183402A (en) * 2022-07-04 2022-10-14 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 Control method and control device for defrosting of air conditioner and air conditioner
CN115183402B (en) * 2022-07-04 2024-05-14 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 Control method and control device for defrosting of air conditioner and air conditioner

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