CN1825944A - 一种移动视频广播***及移动视频广播方法 - Google Patents

一种移动视频广播***及移动视频广播方法 Download PDF

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CN1825944A
CN1825944A CNA2005100089463A CN200510008946A CN1825944A CN 1825944 A CN1825944 A CN 1825944A CN A2005100089463 A CNA2005100089463 A CN A2005100089463A CN 200510008946 A CN200510008946 A CN 200510008946A CN 1825944 A CN1825944 A CN 1825944A
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mobile video
video broadcast
mobile
radio broadcasting
distribution unit
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CN100466724C (zh
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吕林军
张毅
徐莹
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及移动视频广播***方法。该***包括制作和传送视频的有线电视***和移动视频广播节目分发单元、移动视频广播地面发送单元和移动视频广播终端。该方法包括：a.有线电视***制作并发送视频码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；b.移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；c.移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；d.移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。本发明的技术方案可以充分利用当前普及的广播数字电视交换网络以及无线广播技术。业务运营商不需要开发网络视频服务设备以及容易开发出本发明的无线视频发送器和无线视频接收终端。

Description

一种移动视频广播***及移动视频广播方法
技术领域
本发明涉及信号传输领域，尤其涉及一种移动视频广播***及移动视频广播方法。
技术背景
现今的生活中，数字电视已经成为人们生活中的重要部分，如图1所示，目前的数字电视***大致分为视频制作和视频的传送两个过程。视频制作过程大致是：先录制视频，比如图像磁带，然后由编码器模拟视频进行数字电视编码，制作为高清晰的数字视频，比如一个视频制作为MPEG(Motion picture expertsgroup，动画专家组)-2TS(Transmit Stream，传输码流)，MPEG-4节目码流。如果支持准点播方式，则把数字视频存放到视频服务器上，在以后点播的时候，直接从视频服务器上调出来播放，否则编码器输出的数字电视信号可以直接输送到分配矩阵开始传送。数字电视信号的传送过程大致如下：由分配矩阵把数字电视信号分配到指定的扰码复用器上，由扰码复用器对数字电视信号进行加密扰码，扰码完成后，为了在一路数字电视信号传送通道上发送多套视频，对于MPEG-2编码可以把多路视频的TS复用为一个路TS。复用后的TS码流在QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation，正交调幅)调制器进行调制，调制完成后通过HFC网络传送到用户终端前的机顶盒，机顶盒完成数字电视信号的解调，机顶盒完成解调后可以重新转换为模拟视频发送到模拟电视，也可以直接发送到数字电视上，这样可以直接接收视频了。
如图2所示，数字电视协议栈自顶向下可以分为应用层、压缩层、传送层以及传输层。应用层指已经制作完成的音频信号、视频信号以及其他信号。压缩层指的是把应用层的数据进行数字编码，比如音频编码、视频编码以及其他信号编码等等。传送层，是为了把多路视频复用到一路TS流上，便于发送，数字电视采用MPEG-2/MPEG-4的传送码流做为复用层，复用完成后进行传送，传送复用信号由传送层完成的。传输层是指传送层数据的发送和接收，当前一般采用HFC，同轴光纤网络等。
无线电视技术随着新技术的发展，已经渐渐有所应用。当前的无线环境上实现无线电视的方案之一就是采用无线的广播技术，比如CDMA BCMCS(广播组播服务)技术。如图3所示，是整个BCMCS业务实现组网图，其中PDSN(Packet Data Serving Node，分组数据服务节点)和BSN(Broadcast ServingNode，广播服务节点)可以二选一，该方案实现采用PDSN实现BCMCS业务流的转发。其中网络的各功能实体的作用分别如下：
1)BCMCS Controller(BCMCS控制器)；
管理BCMCS会话信息，在业务承载建立过程中为BSN、MS(Mobile Station，移动台)、BSC(Base Station Controller，基站控制器)/PCF(Packet ControlFunction，分组控制功能)提供会话信息。
扮演BAKD(BAK分配器)的角色，每个BCMCS业务流对应一个BAK(接入密钥，Broadcast Access Key)，如果使用加密功能，用户需要利用BAK来解密每个加密的BCMCS业务流。另外，对于同一个BCMCS业务，其BAK是根据时间产生变化的。
扮演BAKG(BAK产生器)的角色(如果不在Content Server上实现BAKG的话)。
对内容源鉴权，管理业务内容由内容源r到内容服务器的传送。
2)BCMCS Content Server(BCMCS内容服务器)；
把来自业务源的BCMCS业务内容转变为IP多播流并转发。
如果要做高层加密，则在Content Server实现(在这种情况下Content Server需要实现SKG(短期密钥的产生器，加密算法的输入密钥)的功能)。
扮演BAKG的角色(如果不在Controller上实现BAKG的话)。
3)BCMCS Content Provider(BCMCS内容源)；
BCMCS内容的提供者，可以由第三方的内容提供商或是运营商自己提供。
4)Subscriber Profile Database(BCMCS用户信息数据库)；
保存BCMCS用户签订业务的信息，以及RK(Register Key登记密钥，用来生成TK临时密钥，BCMCS控制器使用TK来加密BAK，然后发送给合法的用户，以保证非法的用户不能获取BAK)。
5)BCMCS Subscriber Profile Manager(BCMCS用户信息管理器)；
保存BCMCS用户信息数据库。
6)H-AAA(认证、授权、计费服务器)；
负责各用户的所有BCMCS业务的鉴权、授权以及记帐。
BCMCS Controller可以通过AAA，从用户信息数据库获取用户签订业务的信息。
可以直接访问BCMCS用户信息数据库以及BCMCS用户信息管理器。
7)S-AAA(认证、授权、计费服务器)；
负责各用户在S-AAA管辖区域接收BCMCS业务的鉴权、授权以及记帐。
BCMCS Controller可以通过S-AAA，S-AAA通过H-AAA从用户信息数据库获取用户签订业务的信息。
对有些用户，S-AAA也同时是H-AAA。
8)PDSN；
单播PDSN，可与BSC/PCF通信以建立、拆除单播IP流在无线网络的承载。
可以与MS建立PPP连接。
9)BSN；
功能类似PDSN，可与BSC/PCF通信以建立、拆除多播IP流在无线网络的承载。
管理与多播路由器之间的IP多播流。
按照由Controller获取的信息，对多播IP流进行处理(如：IP头压缩、分段……)。
10)MR(多播路由器)；
符合IETF RFC的标准多播路由器。
如果CS与BSN之间的多播IP流通过隧道传输，则可以省略这个网元。
11)BSC/PCF；
建立、拆除MS与BSN之间的承载。
如果要做链路层加密，则要实现SKG的功能。
12)BTS；
实现流媒体的在广播信道上的发送。
该技术的特征是视频服务器(BCMCS内容服务器、BCMCS控制器)和无线数据网络进行连接，而且广播基站和移动终端需要定时握手。所以，完全以BCMCS技术实现无线广播电视的方案成本比较高。
采用BCMCS技术实现无线电视业务，其业务协议栈如图4所示，其中IP层是实现从视频服务器到移动终端的一个IP多播传送，视频是根据多播IP+UDP端口来识别的，SRTP(安全无线传送协议)用来实现视频加密的。
发明内容
本发明的目的，就是提供一种移动视频广播***，使得通过对现有的数字电视体系进行改动，可以实现移动视频广播。
本发明的另一目的，是提供一种移动视频广播方法，使得通过对现有的数字电视视频广播方法进行改动后，可以承载移动视频广播。
为此，本发明移动视频广播***包括制作和传送视频的有线电视***，其特征在于还包括：移动视频广播节目分发单元、移动视频广播地面发送单元和移动视频广播终端：
所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元接收有线电视***传送的视频码流，并将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元将无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端，由移动视频广播终端进行播放操作。
所述的移动视频广播***，还包括中继单元，对所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元发送的无线广播帧进行信号增强。
所述的移动视频广播终端可以是移动机顶盒或者手机电视。
所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元通过Abis接口发送无线广播帧。
所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元为基站控制器或者无线网络控制器。
所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元为基站收发信台或者Node B。
所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元发送单元设置有传输码流解复用单元，对传送视频码流进行解复用操作。
所述的有线电视***设置有QAM调制单元，所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元设置有QAM解调单元，分别对视频数据进行调制和解调处理。
所述的有线电视***与移动视频广播节目分发单元间，通过数字传送网或者模拟传送网传输数据。
本发明的移动视频广播方法，包括以下步骤：
a、有线电视***制作并发送视频码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
b、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
c、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
d、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
所述的步骤b中，所述的无线广播帧是通过Abis接口发送的。
所述的步骤c中，所述的无线广播帧在空口上发送。
所述的步骤c中，所述的无线广播帧在不同的时分信道上发送。
所述的步骤d，进一步包括：
d1、移动视频广播终端解调接收到的无线信息，得到无线广播帧；
d2、移动视频广播终端解无线广播帧净荷，得到视频复用流；
d3、移动视频广播终端解视频复用流，得到节目码流。
本发明的技术方案可以充分利用当前普及的广播数字电视交换网络，尽可能利用现有的无线设备和技术，利用广电现有地面广播***传送网络，降低该技术的开发成本和投资成本。业务运营商不需要开发网络视频服务设备。比如利用当前无线的3G基站和3G手机的无线传输技术，比如CDMA EV DO的BCMCS业务传输技术，WCDMA的MBMS无线传输技术，特别是在无线物理层技术上，利用当前的现有技术，降低开发成本和风险。
在业务层面上，简化无线处理协议，简化网络结构，降低***和终端的投资运营成本。传送层的UDP/IP协议可以不在空口发送，所以节约了一定的空口发送带宽。由于无线广播网的基站功率加大，所以可以去掉RS等编码，从而提高一定的无线空口带宽。无线广播网基站没有反向信道，没有所谓远近效应，所以可以去掉功率控制等复杂的控制过程。
由于移动视频广播节目分发单元仅提供前向发送，没有反向信道，所以前向发送功率可以提高，从而扩大广播覆盖范围，节约无线广播电视投资方的成本。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中广播数字电视***的示意图；
图2是现有技术中广播数字电视协议栈示意图；
图3是现有技术中采用CDMA BCMCS技术实现的无线电视组网示意图；
图4是现有技术中采用CDMA BCMCS技术实现数字电视无线广播协议栈示意图；
图5是本发明对现有移动通信网络设备进行改动设计的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例一的移动视频广播***的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例一采用城域网传送视频码流的示意图；
图8是本发明实施例一的流程示意图；
图9是本发明实施例一的协议栈示意图；
图10是本发明实施例二的移动视频广播***的结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例二利用UDP端口识别传输码流的示意图；
图12是本发明实施例二利用小颗粒信号承载不同传输码流的示意图；
图13是本发明实施例二的协议栈示意图；
图14是本发明实施例三的协议栈示意图；
图15是本方面实施例四的移动视频广播***的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
根据图2所示的现有数字电视广播***协议栈的分析，我们可以替换传输层为无线的传输层，改造当前的传送层，以连接无线传输设备，可以在较低的***改动后，当前的数字电视广播运营商能够经营移动视频。
如图5所示，是本发明对现有移动通信网络设备进行改动，使其可以应用于本发明移动视频广播***的示意图，从图中可见，本发明可以作出如下改动：
本技术方案为MTB(Mobile Telebvision Broadcast移动视频广播)技术，移动视频广播技术中的MTB-PDS(移动视频广播节目分发单元)和MTB-TTX(移动视频广播地面发送单元)可以使用当前的3G无线设备简单改造而成，从而降低开发成本和移动视频业务运营商的投资成本。对于CDMA2000的设备，移动视频广播节目分发单元可以使用BSC改造，移动视频广播地面发送单元可以使用BTS改造，利用CDMA BCMCS技术来实现无线广播帧的发送。对于WCDMA的设备，移动视频广播节目分发单元可以使用RNC改造，移动视频广播地面发送单元可以使用NodeB改造，利用WCDMA MBMS技术来实现无线广播帧的发送。
参见图5，移动视频广播节目分发单元利用3G的基站控制器改造：
1)硬件上基本不变(硬件的变化可以参考如下每个技术方案而不同)
2)仅保留无线广播技术相关的前向信道消息，如果采用CDMA EV DO，那么仅保留CDMABCMCS技术的前向消息的发送，其他协议消息全部关闭。如果采用WCDMA BSC，那么仅保留WCDMA MBMS技术的前向消息的发送，其他协议消息全部关闭。
3)需要增加和广播电视传送网的对接功能。
参见图5，移动视频广播地面发送单元利用3G基站改造：
1)改造后基站反向信道不接收，不存在移动接入的远近效应，因此广播基站可以不用功率控制。取消了射频的双工器，仅保留单工发送就可以了，另外接收处理通道也不需要，降低了基站的物料成本。
2)前向可以尽最大功率发送，尽可能覆盖大的区域。
3)改造后的移动视频广播地面发送单元和原基站的前向空口技术，基带技术都相同。
4)其中移动视频广播地面发送单元、移动视频广播节目分发单元之间的Abis接口(基站控制器和基站收发信台之间的接口)和原来的BSC、BTS之间的Abis接口完全相同。
移动视频广播终端也利用3G手机改造：
1)保留3G手机的底层物理层(包括空口技术和基带技术)。
2)保留广播技术协议的处理。
3)去掉反向信道的发送功能。
4)增加多播技术承载的电视信号处理。
5)当移动视频广播终端在接收无线广播电视时，不能在该载频上建立连接，因为网络是不接收的。
实施例一：
本发明传送码流对无线发送设备是透明的。传送码流经过传送网到达无线发送设备后，无线发送设备原封不动的发送给无线终端。该方案中的传送网需要采用数字传送网，比如采用城域网或者IP网络都可以，图6是利用城域网来传送的一个例子，其采用DS3信号来传送数字电视码流。
如图7所示，是本实施例移动视频广播***的结构示意图，从图中可见，本实施例的***结构具体包括以下部分：
有线电视***：该部分与现有技术基本相同，用于制作和传送视频。有线电视***将制作好的视频通过传送网发送给移动视频广播节目分发单元，由其负责将视频分发处理。
该移动视频广播***设置有移动视频广播节目分发单元，用于接收有线电视***传送的视频码流，并将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，通过Abis接口传送给移动视频广播地面发送单元。
该移动视频广播地面发送单元将移动视频广播节目分发单元传送的无线广播帧，发送至移动视频广播终端，由移动视频广播终端设备进行播放操作。
该移动视频广播终端可以设置有机顶盒或者直接的手机电视，通过机顶盒对接收到的无线广播帧进行解调，得到原始视频数据，并予以播放。也可以不采用机顶盒的方式，直接利用数字移动视频广播终端来进行解调，并予以播放。
由于在无线广播帧发送过程中，会有无线信号衰减现象产生，因此在该***中，还可以设置中继单元(Repeater)，对所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元发送的无线广播帧进行信号增强。
如图8所示，是本发明移动视频广播方法的流程示意图，结合该流程图可见实施例一可以包括如下步骤：
S11、有线电视***制作并发送视频码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
有线电视***制作并发送视频码流的具体方案，可以采用如下步骤：
S111、编码器编码形成节目码流；
视频信息经过编码器后，每个视频节目出1路节目码流。一个编码器可以出多个节目码流。
S112、分配矩阵单元将节目码流分配至扰码复用器；
S113、扰码复用器对节目码流进行加密扰码及复用处理，得到视频复用流。
扰码复用器对有线电视进行加密扰码，扰码完成后，为了在一路有线电视传送通道上发送多套视频节目，其中MPEG-2编码的多个节目码流传输码流复用为一路传输复用码流；MPEG-4编码把多个MPEG-4节目码流复用到一路MPEG-4复用码流上。
S114、有线电视***将复用码流发送给移动视频广播节目分发单元。
复用后的码流可以在传送网的一路信号(DS3，ATM)上传送到移动视频广播节目分发单元，也可以通过IP网络传送到移动视频广播节目分发单元。
S12、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网经Abis接口发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
移动视频广播节目分发单元从传送信号(例如DS3)中解出视频复用码流后，先解复用码流解出各视频节目，然后根据载频能力将若干视频节目复用为一路复用码流(比如如果一个载频仅能够发送4个视频，那么至多仅4个节目码流复用为一个复用码流)，将复用码流装载到无线广播帧上。
S13、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
移动视频广播地面发送单元利用无线广播物理层技术在空口上发送给移动视频广播终端。
所述的无线广播帧可以在不同的时分信道上发送。
S14、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
移动视频广播终端接收无线广播帧后，可以进行如下操作：
S141、移动视频广播终端解调接收到的无线数据信息，得到无线广播帧；
S142、移动视频广播终端解调无线广播帧净荷，得到视频复用流；
S143、移动视频广播终端解调视频复用流，得到节目码流。
移动视频广播终端根据码流解节目码流，例如对于MPEG-2，则根据传输码流解MPEG-2节目码流，对于MPEG-4，则根据MPEG-4复用码流解出MPEG-4节目码流。然后根据节目码流播放视频。
实施例二：
本实施例是采用可以在多个协议上承载传送的编码，比如MPEG-4、H.264。视频数据经过视频编码后，不再进行传送码流的编码，每个传输码流或者每个复用码流仅承载一个视频节目，每个视频节目传输码流或者复用码流直接经传送网某子信号或者IP网络上传送到移动视频广播地面发送单元的无线广播***，无线广播***不必提供任何解复用、复用器，可以把承载信号复用到不同的载频上。如图10所示，是本实施例的结构示意图，从图中可见其省略了分配矩阵和加扰、复用器等相关部分。
根据图8所示的流程图，可以看出本实施例中有线电视***的传送过程大致如下：
S21、有线电视***制作并发送视频码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
具体可以包括：
S211、视频经过编码器后，每个视频出1路视频节目传输码流。一个编码器可以出多个节目传输码流。
S212、编码器输出的视频直接输入到接口单板上，接口单板的功能是把视频信号承载到传送网的信号上并传送不同的节目传输码流到移动视频广播节目分发单元上。
S22、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
移动视频广播节目分发单元需要识别节目传输码流。如果传送网是IP网，那么可以采用IP承载封装传输码流，通过UDP端口来区分传输码流，如图11所示。如果传送网是Metro城域网，那么可以使用每个低阶传送信号DS0来传送每个视频传输码流，如图12所示。移动视频广播节目分发单元获取视频流后，将节目码流装载到无线广播帧上。
移动视频广播节目分发单元通过Abis接口将无线广播帧分发到不同的移动视频广播地面发送单元上，对于每个载频时分为若干逻辑广播信道，不同的逻辑广播信道发送不同的节目码流。移动视频广播地面发送单元利用无线广播物理层技术在空口上发送给无线终端。
S23、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
S24、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
移动视频广播终端首先解调出无线信号，解出无线广播帧。然后解无线广播帧净荷得出该节目码流，然后根据节目码流播放视频。
本方案的适合发送当前数字地面高清晰的MPEG-2/MPEG-4编码。
在本方案中，由于数字电视交换中心不再对节目码流进行复用，所以移动视频广播节目分发单元根据传送信号或者IP包端口指示把不同的节目码流组装为无线广播帧后分发到移动视频广播地面发送单元。移动视频广播地面发送单元使用无线调制技术来发送无线广播帧。对于不能覆盖的盲区，可以采用中继站Repeater覆盖。
实施例二的协议栈参见图13所示。由于从数字中心到移动视频广播地面发送单元没有复用了，视频在移动视频广播节目分发单元进行分发后，移动视频广播地面发送单元可以利用无线的空口复用技术来复用不同的节目码流。比如采用CDMA的BCMCS技术，采用时分的广播子信道，每个广播子信道发送一个节目码流。
本方案适合MPEG-4、H.264等视频编码技术。
由于在一个载频上，可以通过时分方式来发送不同的节目码流，所以移动终端可以仅选择所接收视频的发送时隙，因此本技术方案能够节省终端电能。
实施例三：
本实施例的网络示意图同实施例一。和实施例一不同的是在无线发送设备上内置传送码流的解复用设备，无线设备直接发送解复用后的节目码流。
无线广播***解复用传送码流，无线广播设备包括移动视频广播节目分发单元和移动视频广播地面发送单元。移动视频广播节目分发单元根据无线广播***的载频配置来直接发送节目码流，然后把不同的复用码流组装为无线广播帧后分发到移动视频广播地面发送单元，移动视频广播地面发送单元可以在不同的时分信道上发送不同的节目码流。实施例三的协议栈处理如图14所示。实施例三的方案可以允许所有的节目码流复用到一个传送码流上在传送网上传送，有线电视***和移动视频广播节目之间可以使用一个共享的通道传送视频码流(例如1个DS3信号)。
参照图8所示的流程示意图，有线电视***的传送过程大致如下：
S31、有线电视***制作并发送节目码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
S311、视频电视经过编码器后，每个视频出1路视频传输码流。一个编码器可以出多个视频传输码流。
S312、分配矩阵把视频再分配到指定的扰码复用器上；
S313、扰码复用器对数字电视进行加密扰码，扰码完成后，为了在一路数字电视传送通道上发送多套视频，其中MPEG-2编码的多个视频传输码流复用为一路传输码流；MPEG-4编码把多个MPEG-4节目码流复用到一路MPEG-4复用码流上。
S314、复用后的码流可以在传送网的一路信号(DS3，ATM)上传送到移动视频广播节目分发单元，也可以通过IP网络传送到移动视频广播节目分发单元。
S32、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
移动视频广播节目分发单元从传送信号(例如DS3)中解出电视复用码流后，先解复用码流解出各节目码流，将节目码流装载到无线广播帧上。
移动视频广播节目分发单元通过Abis接口将无线广播帧分发到不同的移动视频广播地面发送单元上，对于每个载频时分为若干逻辑广播信道，不同的逻辑广播信道发送不同的节目码流。
S33、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
移动视频广播地面发送单元利用无线广播物理层技术在空口上发送给无线终端。
S34、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
移动视频广播终端首先解调出无线信号，解出无线广播帧。然后解无线广播帧净荷得出该节目码流，然后根据节目码流播放节目。
本方案适合发送当前数字地面高清晰的MPEG-2/MPEG-4/H.264等编码。由于在一个载频上，可以通过时分方式来发送不同的节目码流，所以移动终端可以仅选择所接收视频的发送时隙，因此本技术方案能够节省终端电能。
实施例四
本技术方案是使用模拟的传送网，这样广电运营商可以尽可能使用现有的数字电视传送网络，比如HFC，同轴光缆等网络。将数字电视的传送码流经过QAM调制后发送到无线发送设备商，传送层、应用层和压缩层是保持不变的。***结构大致如图15。
根据图8，有线电视***的传送过程大致如下：
S41、有线电视***制作并发送节目码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
S411、视频电视经过编码器后，每个电视节目出1路电视节目TS流。一个编码器可以出多个电视节目TS流。
S412、分配矩阵把数字电视再分配到指定的扰码复用器上；
S413、扰码复用器对数字电视进行加密扰码，扰码完成后，为了在一路数字电视传送通道上发送多套电视节目，其中MPEG-2编码的多个电视节目TS复用为一路TS；MPEG-4编码把多个MPEG-4节目码流复用到一路MPEG-4复用码流上。
S414、复用后的码流经过QAM调制后，通过模拟的城域网传送到移动视频广播节目分发单元。
S42、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
移动电视广播节目分发单元首先解调QAM信号，解出电视复用码流后，先解复用码流解出各电视节目。
如果采用每个载频发送一个复用TS流，那么移动电视广播节目分发器单元根据载频能力将若干电视节目复用为一路复用码流(比如如果一个载频仅能够发送4个电视节目，那么至多仅4个电视节目码流复用为一个复用码流)，将复用码流装载到无线广播帧上，然后发送到TTX的指定载频进行发送。这样移动终端需要接收整个载频的复用码流流，并解出该载频广播所有的电视节目码流，比较耗电，为了节电，则需要其他的技术，比如在传送码流层引入时间片预测技术，所需要的技术改造比较大。
如果采用每个载频发送一个电视码流(比如一个载频上，通过时分方式划分为逻辑广播信道，在不同的逻辑广播信道上发送不同的电视节目码流)，那么PDS解出电视节目码流后，直接发送TTX到指定载频的指定逻辑广播信道进行发送，移动终端则可以仅选择所接收节目的发送时隙，因此移动终端能够节省终端电能。
移动视频广播节目分发单元通过Abis接口分发到不同的移动视频广播地面发送单元上，对于每个载频时分为若干逻辑广播信道，不同的逻辑广播信道发送不同的节目码流。
S43、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
移动视频广播地面发送单元利用无线广播物理层技术在空口上发送给无线终端。
S44、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
移动视频广播终端首先解调出无线信号，解出无线广播帧。
然后解无线广播帧净荷得出电视节目复用码流。
再根据码流解节目码流，例如对于MPEG-2，则根据TS解MPEG-2节目码流，对于MPEG-4，则根据MPEG-4复用码流解出MPEG-4节目码流。
最后根据节目码流播放节目。
该实施例的技术方案是在MTB-PDS上增加QAM解调器。这样可以仍然保留广电的模拟传送网，比如HFC、同轴电缆等网络。
本发明的技术方案可以充分利用当前普及的广播数字电视交换网络。业务运营商不需要开发网络视频服务设备。
由于移动视频广播节目分发单元仅提供前向发送，没有反向信道，所以前向发送功率可以提高，从而扩大广播覆盖范围，节约无线广播电视投资方的成本。
在业务层面上，传送层的UDP/IP协议可以不在空口发送，所以节约了一定的空口发送带宽。由于无线广播网的基站功率加大，所以可以去掉RS等编码，从而提高一定的无线空口带宽。无线广播网基站没有反向信道，没有所谓远近效应，所以可以去掉功率控制等复杂的控制过程。
视频不需要在无线数据网络中传送，而尽量利用当前现有的视频传送网络，所以技术、投资都简化。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (14)

1、一种移动视频广播***，包括制作和传送视频的有线电视***，其特征在于还包括：移动视频广播节目分发单元、移动视频广播地面发送单元和移动视频广播终端：
所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元接收有线电视***传送的视频码流，并将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元将无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端，由移动视频广播终端进行播放操作。
2、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于还包括中继单元，对所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元发送的无线广播帧进行信号增强。
3、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于移动视频广播终端可以是移动机顶盒或者手机电视。
4、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元通过Abis接口发送无线广播帧。
5、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元为基站控制器或者无线网络控制器。
6、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的移动视频广播地面发送单元为基站收发信台或者Node B。
7、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元发送单元设置有传输码流解复用单元，对传送视频码流进行解复用操作。
8、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的有线电视***设置有QAM调制单元，所述的移动视频广播节目分发单元设置有QAM解调单元，分别对视频数据进行调制和解调处理。
9、如权利要求1所述的移动视频广播***，其特征在于所述的有线电视***与移动视频广播节目分发单元间，通过数字传送网或者模拟传送网传输数据。
10、一种移动视频广播方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
a、有线电视***制作并发送视频码流给移动视频广播节目分发单元；
b、移动视频广播节目分发单元将所述的视频码流组装为无线广播帧，并通过无线传送网发送给移动视频广播地面发送单元；
c、移动视频广播地面发送单元将所述的无线广播帧发送至移动视频广播终端；
d、移动视频广播终端进行视频播放操作。
11、如权利要求10所述的移动视频广播方法，其特征在于所述的步骤b中，所述的无线广播帧是通过Abis接口发送的。
12、如权利要求10所述的移动视频广播方法，其特征在于所述的步骤c中，所述的无线广播帧在空口上发送。
13、如权利要求12所述的移动视频广播方法，其特征在于所述的步骤c中，所述的无线广播帧在不同的时分信道上发送。
14、如权利要求10所述的移动视频广播方法，其特征在于所述的步骤d，进一步包括：
d1、移动视频广播终端解调接收到的无线信息，得到无线广播帧；
d2、移动视频广播终端解无线广播帧净荷，得到视频复用流；
d3、移动视频广播终端解视频复用流，得到节目码流。
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