CN1818429B - Motor vehicle with a gearbox and method for operating a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor vehicle whose drive train comprises, a clutch, which can be engaged and disengaged in an automated manner; and a gearbox, whose gear steps can be changed in an automated manner.

Description

Method with Motor Vehicle and operation Motor Vehicle of gearbox

The application is to be September 28 calendar year 2001, number of patent application the dividing an application for the application for a patent for invention of " method with Motor Vehicle and operation Motor Vehicle of gearbox " that be 01817681.X, denomination of invention the applying date.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Motor Vehicle, it has a driving motor, torque transmitter with first operation equipment, a gearbox that has input shaft and output shaft and one second operation equipment, wherein gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by forming with fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and an idle gear that can be connected with an axle, and have a control gear, wherein first and second operation equipment imports by control gear and control automatically; And relate to a kind of method of moving Motor Vehicle.

Background technique

On this Motor Vehicle, inserting of speed change level is by a shift clutch its axle of idle gear and supporting to be linked to each other to fetch realization; At this, the speed discrepancy of part to be connected should be approximately zero at least each other.The production process that rotating speed equates at least approx is called as synchronizing process.

For example used the synchronizer that is connected with corresponding idle gear on a kind of gearbox, it is producing approximate at least rotating speed equality each other and is just realizing the joint fully of shift clutch at least during approximately equal when rotating speed during the shift process between the parts to be connected.When shift process began, two parts to be connected each other at first formed contact by a rubbing surface, this will cause one relevant with engaging force and friction factor synchronous.Synchronizer also can comprise a blocking device, can avoid thus causing that by simultaneous force continuation engages.Drop to zero if approximate at least formation rotating speed equates and simultaneous force is approximate at least thus, blocking device is opened and shift process can finish, and its mode is to produce the sealed connection of shape each other between the parts to be connected.Be locked at rotating speed the engagement positio that engages of the continuation fully synchronously the time be called as sync bit.On another kind of gearbox, do not use synchronizer, it will guarantee in other mode: when rotating speed just produces the sealed connection of shape at least during approximately equal, for example, use the sensor that is fit to for trying to achieve speed discrepancy by driving the corresponding control of motor or shaft brake.

Especially in self-shifting gearbox, wherein can import the conversion of speed change level automatically by control gear, its mode is, begins the operation of control gear automatically according to input quantity, the control of synchronizing process is a very complicated requirement.For example during a synchronous engaging process, on a fixed point, promptly on synchronous thresholding (Synchronschwelle), the clutch sleeve of shift clutch is stopped based on the effect of blocking device, in the moment that stops to realize, predetermined power, be that simultaneous force is conditioned.This will cause, synchronously the position of thresholding essential enough accurately controlled device know and/or the simultaneous force adjusting type that has nothing to do with thresholding exact position synchronously must be provided.For gearshift reaches the short gearshift time for the best, importantly how to set up or regulate simultaneous force, so that can enough accurately consider to influence parameter.

Gearshift elasticity itself is for example known by European patent document EP 579 532 B1.It discloses an assist, being used to insert can be by the retaining of the gearbox of rope or bar gearshift, wherein gearshift transmits by the gear shift control axle in proper order, this gear shift control axle is placed in rotation by described rope or bar, wherein the mechanical connection between the line that is used to control shift process or bar and axle is made up of two hinged portion, their relative movement is controlled by spring with elastic type, this spring absorbs energy like this, promptly when it is compressed and exports again the energy that absorbs during the synchronous phase after absorption finishes.Described auxiliary device has been got rid of long lock in time of certain shortcoming of traditional gearshift-feel and idle stroke, big transmit force, and the slow synchronous versions of its ether occurs, and when gear engagement uncomfortable noise sensation.Described assist relates to manual hand manual transmission.

In another patent documentation EP 695 892 B1, described and had at least one actuator devices and by the transmission system of clutch sleeve of its operation, wherein Suo Shu bindiny mechanism comprises a spring.Can avoid unallowed big electric current in the transmission device that gearshift is made of motor in the time of can not working immediately by disclosed this transmission system.Disclosed this transmission system relates to an automatic shifting transmission gear box.

The gearshift elasticity of describing in EP 579 532 B1 is being born the function of an accumulator, and its mode is that it temporarily is compressed and and then stretching, extension.Clutch sleeve obtains an impulsive force from spring in this way, and this power is greater than the power that is passed to it by the driver by the quick operation of gear level.The impulsive force that is produced is always relevant with the service speed and the steering force of driver operation gear level, and wherein, the accurate adjusting of required given force can only more or less be let matters aside on clutch sleeve.

In EP 695 892 B1 disclosed gearshift elasticity during shift process, be compressed and and then output be stored in wherein energy.Existing gearshift elastic energy makes the sliding sleeve motion of relative actual motion time lag corresponding to synchronizing process.This gearshift resilient protection drive motor avoids overload, but can not exert one's influence to required given force by engaging speed under the flexible situation of consideration gearshift.

System between sliding sleeve and the transmission device comprises the bindiny mechanism with motion and elastic characteristic, especially is very complicated on automatic transmission case.The enforcement of inserting synchronously for a speed change level does not also have enough gratifying scheme, and this scheme satisfies multiple requirement, especially about the engaging speed under the elastic characteristic situation of considering the mechanism between transmission device and the clutch sleeve.

Summary of the invention

Task of the present invention is, the synchronizing process in the described Motor Vehicle of improvement beginning part, especially its process variation greatly is so that especially shift process can carry out with reaching the nothing wearing and tearing comfortable, fast.

In addition, this task also is, proposes the method for a kind of gearbox and operation gearbox, wherein consider improve synchronous speed change level conversion under motion of mechanism and the elastic characteristic situation greatly, especially on thresholding synchronously aspect the setting up of power.

This task will solve by the described Motor Vehicle with a gearbox of beginning part according to the present invention, it has a plurality of features and/or the method step of describing in following that describe by accompanying drawing and claims, their available existing combinations, also can reach required achievement respectively.

In order to solve an aspect of this task, therefore, on a Motor Vehicle, this Motor Vehicle has a driving motor, torque transmitter with first operation equipment, one has an input shaft, the gearbox of the output shaft and second operation equipment, wherein gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by forming with fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and an idle gear that can be connected with an axle, and has a control gear, wherein first and second operation equipment can import operation automatically by control gear, its mode is, in first working method by control gear according to the automatic start-up function of a plurality of input quantities, or in second working method input import operation by the driver, and wherein by a terminal output block, its axle of idle gear and supporting of at least one speed change level is connected, these parts just make to engage fully when synchronizing process finishes in the rotating speed equality that is similar at least in generation between the parts to be connected under the situation that is applying simultaneous force between joint aging time and under the approximately equalised at least situation of rotating speed becomes possibility, and the synchronous gate extreme position of at least one speed change level is stored in the storage that disposes into described control gear.

Here be meant last parts in order to determine that gear ratio is moved as the terminal output block, promptly it will form between the working piston of two force transfering devices such as reverse-gear, gear train, clutch sleeve, hydraulic coupling and connect.

According to a very favorable configuration of the present invention, the synchronous gate extreme position of at least one speed change level can be adaptive, although so that sync bit is changed in the substantial synchronization position and is stored in and still can guarantee enough accurate conformity between the sync bit in the storage when work.Such time that fits in of thresholding carries out synchronously in a preferred embodiment: Motor Vehicle is in vehicle stop state, drives motor in work, and motor vehicle brake is operated, and has the adaptive requirement of synchronous gate extreme position.What meet the requirements is, when Motor Vehicle rotates with idling at least approx for carrying out being in vehicle stop state on the adaptive t at the fixed time and driving motor.Speed discrepancy hour carries out the adaptive of synchronous thresholding between the parts that ought treat in this way to be connected by shift clutch, and Motor Vehicle is protected and avoids causing motion and the rotating speed of axle that may quick rotation being reduced by being delivered to torque on the gear in the adaptation procedure.

On a Motor Vehicle, the speed change level is inserted by second operation equipment in its gearbox, the latter comprises the device of selection and operating terminal functional unit, and the adaptive destination that conforms with of this synchronous gate extreme position may further comprise the steps: by the closed torque transmitter of first operation equipment; Moving into its synchronous gate extreme position by second operation equipment should be by near the position the next-door neighbour of adaptive speed change level; From a position, can be passed through reliably by this position synchronous thresholding that sets out, the operating terminal output mechanism, so that the terminal output block towards the direction motion of its terminal position, reaches based on the terminal output block because a synchronous gate extreme position is tried to achieve in the braking of the inadequate engagement movement that causes synchronously.Second operation equipment comprises two transmission devices, one of them transmission device is for example as the block selecting transmission device, be used to select a clutch sleeve, its mode is that finger motion is like this dialled in gearshift, so that it can form with the selector fork that operation is used for the clutch sleeve of required speed change level operation and be connected, and the synchronous thresholding of this speed change level should be by adaptive.Conform with the destination, for carry out the gearshift of adaptation procedure dial refer at first be moved to its synchronous gate extreme position of next-door neighbour should be by on the position of adaptive speed change level, preferably gearshift is dialled and is referred to be connected with the formation of required selector fork.Second transmission device of second operation equipment is as making gearshift dial the gearshift transmission device that finger moves, and its mode is to make the clutch sleeve motion, and gearshift is dialled finger and is connected with this clutch sleeve formation by selector fork, engages thus or detaching motion.For adaptive synchronous thresholding, carry out engagement movement since a position, can pass through synchronous thresholding reliably from this POS INT, for example arrive and can realize on the position of synchronous threshold adaptation from the neutral position.

Here the terminal output mechanism should be understood that a mechanism, this mechanism comprises described terminal output block, wherein mechanism represents one or by single parts or the kinematic chain be made up of a series of parts, wherein the position of each point can each be derived position of point in addition from this chain in the kinematic chain.The terminal operation parts are understood that parts in this external the application's the scope, and these parts are positioned at the front of described terminal output block in described kinematic chain, for example a selector fork.This terminal output mechanism generally include the clutch sleeve of a shift clutch, selector fork, gearshift dial refer to, one make gearshift dial finger and block selecting and gearshift transmission device to form the motion parts that motion and power transmission are connected, wherein determine certain gear ratio-for example pass through lever and/or the speed change level by the worm and wheel formation by this motion parts.

Another configuration according to the preferred embodiment, conform with the destination, synchronous gate extreme position adaptive further comprising the steps of: be directly used in the calculating operation of the synchronous gate extreme position of trying to achieve for the computing device of this control gear or be used for trying to achieve a new synchronous gate extreme position based on it and old synchronous gate extreme position by a configuration.

Another particularly preferred configuration according to the present invention, on a Motor Vehicle, wherein these retaining terminal bit positions are stored in to these positions in the storage of described control gear configuration and during operation at least temporarily being carried out determining of synchronous gate extreme position based on adaptive retaining terminal position by adaptive.

Conform with the destination, always at least ground is determined the synchronous gate extreme position in adaptive retaining terminal position after a scheduled time expiration back or the independent adaptation process at a predetermined number.In a preferred embodiment, this scheduled time is in 40 to 200 hours scopes, especially in 80 to 120 hours scope, or the predetermined number of this independent adaptation process is between 15 and 80, especially between 40 and 60.

In order to solve task of the present invention on the other hand, according to a preferred embodiment, in a Motor Vehicle, this Motor Vehicle has a driving motor, torque transmitter with first operation equipment, one has an input shaft, the gearbox of the output shaft and second operation equipment, wherein gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by forming with fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and an idle gear that can be connected with an axle, and has a control gear, wherein first and second operation equipment can be operated by control gear with importing automatically, its mode is, in first working method by control gear according to the automatic start-up function of a plurality of input quantities, or in second working method input import operation by the driver, and wherein by a terminal output block, its axle of idle gear and supporting of at least one speed change level is connected, these parts produce approximate at least rotating speed equality between parts to be connected under the situation that is applying simultaneous force between joint aging time, this simultaneous force can be dependent on driver's sports state, the Motor Vehicle load, the gear box oil temperature, load controlling rod position, drive engine torque requests, rotating speed of target, speed discrepancy on the synchronizer, the frictional behavior of synchronizer, the state of gearbox pull-up torque and/or synchronizer is adjusted.Therefore this simultaneous force can adapt to a plurality of variable parameters like this, promptly also depending on these parameters carries out adaptive accordingly, these parameters may change by continuous service and/or can change to another shift process from a shift process, can realize that thus the optimum process of synchronizing process changes.

In a Motor Vehicle, this Motor Vehicle has a driving motor, torque transmitter with first operation equipment, one has an input shaft, the gearbox of the output shaft and second operation equipment, wherein gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by forming with fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and an idle gear that can be connected with an axle, and has a control gear, wherein first and second operation equipment can be operated by control gear with importing automatically, its mode is, in first working method by control gear according to the automatic start-up function of a plurality of input quantities, or in second working method input import operation by the driver, and wherein by a terminal output block and synchronizer, as clutch sleeve or sliding sleeve its axle of idle gear and supporting of at least one speed change level is connected, these parts are producing approximate at least rotating speed equality and are making just when synchronizing process finishes that under the approximately equalised at least situation of rotating speed joint becomes possibility fully under the situation that is applying simultaneous force between joint aging time between the parts to be connected, in order to solve task of the present invention on the other hand, no matter be that the immigration or the controlled power of the synchronizing process ground itself of synchronous thresholding carries out in a particularly preferred embodiment.This brings special advantage, because predetermined power should be conditioned on synchronous thresholding, this can advantageously control by power and carry out, and just can avoid like this between the different control types as speed controlling reaches with transition between power is controlled and avoided relevant therewith shortcoming thus.

At this, advantageously, for the power of terminal output block control estimation and the counteractive reaction force of these parts, what wherein meet the requirements is, based on the speed of terminal operation mechanism and at the kinetic energy of considering terminal operation mechanism and the described reaction force of estimation under the situation of its rigidity in case of necessity.It is the kinetic energy of clutch sleeve on the one hand, is the kinetic energy of the moving element of motion parts and transmission device on the other hand.

When considering the rigidity of terminal operation mechanism, especially be higher than under the situation of response threshold of this rigidity, its characteristic curve directly or indirectly is used for estimating to be very favourable at reaction force.Usually terminal operation mechanism comprises that is used to conform with the spring members/damped part that rigidity is regulated in the destination.Its characteristic curve can advantageously be used, and uses under the situation of replenishing the rigidity relevant with mechanism itself in case of necessity.

According to this embodiment's a particularly preferred configuration, carry out the estimation of reaction force based on the energy conservation law and according to the merit that the transmission device of terminal operation mechanism is done.

In order to solve task of the present invention on the other hand, used the method for sync bit of terminal output block of the gearbox terminal operation mechanism of the Motor Vehicle that a kind of immigration is used to have a locking synchromesh transmission according to the present invention, wherein fast as far as possible and have overshoot ground and move into sync bit.Particularly preferably be in this respect, power control is carried out under the situation of using a damping constant based on vibration equation, and it can realize relevant with it with irrelevant immigration and the described simultaneous force in the exact position of the accurate initial velocity of the terminal output block of gearbox terminal operation mechanism and sync bit.

In order to solve task of the present invention on the other hand, carry out like this: engage given force based on one on the generation of the elasticity in engaging speed and the described mechanism zone clutch sleeve by a control gear.At this, conform with the destination and utilize elasticity, so that make the kinetic energy of actuator convert potential energy on contacting synchronous thresholding the time.

A particularly preferred form of implementation according to gearbox, this gearbox is included in the synchronizer between clutch sleeve and the idle gear, these synchronizers are suitable at the joint fully that is latched in the sealed connection of formation shape on the synchronous thresholding during the engaging process, at least just engage fully during approximately equal up to reaching rotating speed, wherein, with the relevant ground of engagement movement locking on synchronous thresholding, kinetic energy is stored in the elastic part with the form of potential energy, carry out engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given force.

In the application's scope, these notions, all be illustrated in an operation equipment that is used for the operated clutch sleeve, dial power on referring to as gearshift as engaging given force or simultaneous force.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the immigration speed on synchronous thresholding is selected like this according to the characteristic of described elastic part, promptly carry out the engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in this elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given force.Engrave nearly all kinetic energy at this moment and be stored in the elastic part, in elastic part, occur ceiling capacity thus corresponding to minimum speed as potential energy.In this embodiment can be advantageously by accurate given force or the simultaneous force of regulating on the synchronous thresholding of the corresponding adjusting that moves into speed on the synchronous thresholding.

In the embodiment that another meets the requirements, the characteristic of elastic part is selected in this wise according to the immigration speed on synchronous thresholding, promptly carry out the engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in this elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given force.In a predetermined immigration speed to synchronous thresholding, obtain required given force on the synchronous thresholding in this embodiment by corresponding flexible selection.

In a preferred embodiment, the response threshold of described elastic part is starkly lower than the power that occurs in synchronizing process.In this way, in each synchronous shift process synchronously on the thresholding foundation of power described elasticity and characteristic curve thereof are taken into account.

Preferably with thresholding synchronously on given force relatively, be in the scope of 50-450N at simultaneous force, in the scope of 200-600N or elastic part described in the scope of 400-1000N respond.Response threshold is in the scope of 150-350N in a particularly preferred embodiment.

In addition, in order to solve task of the present invention a kind of method that is used to move the gearbox of Motor Vehicle has been proposed, this gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, and these gear trains are respectively by with the fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and that can be connected with another form with an idle gear this retaining gear engagement.This gearbox comprises: clutch sleeve, and they are suitable for producing between its axle of idle gear and supporting of a speed change level and are connected; Transmission device, they are suitable for causing the joint or the detaching motion of clutch sleeve; One is used for mechanism that transmission device is connected with clutch sleeve; The synchronizer that between clutch sleeve and idle gear, works, these synchronizers are suitable for during engaging process engaging always by locking based on the continuation that engaging force produces a synchronizing torque and surpasses synchronous thresholding, when reaching the rotating speed approximately equal till; An elastic part in the described mechanism zone, it is suitable for the form that kinetic energy converts potential energy to is stored and on the contrary potential energy converted to the form of kinetic energy and exports; And a control gear that is used to control described transmission device, the determining of one of them gear ratio may further comprise the steps: speed controlling ground engaging clutch sleeve is limited to up to synchronous gate and ends; The reaction force that identification is produced by locking on synchronous thresholding; Then carry out the transition to power control, wherein the locking by engagement movement on synchronous thresholding stores energy in the elastic part, and it is used to produce the given force on the synchronous thresholding with playing a decisive role then.

This method is preferably used on a kind of gearbox, and this gearbox has among the claim 1-7 at least one feature.

Description of drawings

Below will describe embodiments of the invention in detail by accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing is:

Fig. 1: have the demonstration and the synoptic diagram of Motor Vehicle of the gearbox of the torque transmitter of operable automatically and operable automatically,

Fig. 2,2a: the demonstration of shift clutch and synoptic diagram,

Fig. 3: about the demonstration and the outline flowchart of the initialization condition of synchronous threshold adaptation,

Fig. 3 a: a transmission device and have the demonstration and the synoptic diagram of the clutch sleeve of a bindiny mechanism,

Fig. 4 a: the plotted curve of simultaneous force and load controlling rod position relation,

Fig. 4 b: relate to for example plotted curve of the relation of gearbox temperature and simultaneous force skew,

Fig. 4 c: be offset the example that constitutes given simultaneous force by simultaneous force and power according to the characteristic curve group,

Fig. 4 d: be included in the characteristic curve example of the relation that conversion elasticity in the mechanism and power or stroke change in the shift process,

Fig. 5 a: be used for the flow chart of the transmission device of control operation clutch sleeve,

Fig. 5 b: in speed-merit plotted curve, during the given merit of transmission device, reach the various path of travel of the given location of clutch sleeve,

Fig. 5 c: a favourable path of travel in speed-merit plotted curve,

Fig. 6: the flow chart that is used for the transmission device of solenoidoperated cluthes sleeve operation.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 summary and the expression of demonstration ground have the Motor Vehicle 1 of torque transmitter 4 and gearbox 6.At this, torque transmitter 4 is arranged in the energy stream that drives between motor 2 and the gearbox 6; Conform with the destination, driving the flywheel mass that is provided with a split between motor 2 and the torque transmitter 4, its part quality can relatively rotate under the centre connects the situation of a spring damping device, can improve the especially vibrotechnique characteristic of power train thus widely.The present invention preferably receive with one or balanced rotate the damping device that impacts or compensation rotate the device that impacts reduce to rotate the device of impact or the device of damped vibration combined, as at the applicant's open source literature DE OS 34 18 671, DE OS 34 11 092, DE OS 34 11 239, described in the DE OS 36 30 398, DE OS 36 28 774 and DE OS 3,721 712.This Motor Vehicle 1 will be driven by a driving motor 2, and it is described as internal-combustion engine such as controlled-ignition engine or diesel engine here; This transmission device also can be realized by hybrid transmission, electric motor drive or oil hydraulic motor in a further embodiment.Torque transmitter 4 is friction clutcches in illustrated embodiment, especially can driving motor 2 be separated with speed changer 6 by it for starting or carrying out shift process.Continuous joint or separation by clutch can be transmitted bigger or littler torque, and for this reason, relatively moving and drive one more or less on a pressure strip and a pressing plate quilt are axial each other is connected on middle friction disk.Advantageously, the torque transmitter 4 of this formation clutch can be regulated automatically again, i.e. the wearing and tearing of friction plate can be compensated in this wise, guarantees constant little Separating force with activation.Preferably the present invention and the application DEOS 42 39 291 that especially is described in the applicant, DE OS 42 39289, the friction clutcch among the DE OS 43 06 505 is combined.By an axle 8 and the wheel 12 of Motor Vehicle 1 is driven by a differential mechanism 10.Driven wheel 12 has been disposed speed probe 60,61, sometimes also a speed probe 60 or 61 can only be set, each speed probe will produce the signal corresponding to the rotating speed of wheel 12, additionally or alternatively a sensor 52 is arranged on other suitable position of power train, for example be arranged on the axle 8, be used to obtain the output speed of gearbox.The gearbox input speed can obtain by another sensor, or the gear ratio as being determined by the rotating speed that drives motor in the present embodiment, therefore can determine in the gearbox to be inserted.Advantageously, friction clutcch 4 can be made to pressurized, is made to also meeting the requirements of tension in another embodiment, here by an operation equipment 46, operate this clutch as clutch actuator 46.In order to operate speed changer 6, be provided with an operation equipment that comprises two actuators 48 and 50, selection operation carried out by one of them actuator and another actuator is carried out gear shift operation.Clutch actuator 46 and/or transmission actuator 48,50 usefulness direct current motors are implemented, and in another embodiment, especially when needing big steering force, hydraulic operating system are set also meet the requirements very much.The control of clutch 4 and gearbox 6 can realize by a control gear 44, conforms with the destination, and this control gear and clutch actuator 46 constitute an element of construction, and in another embodiment, it also can advantageously be installed on other position of Motor Vehicle.Operating in the automatic working method of clutch 4 and gearbox 6 automatically carried out by control gear 44, or in a manual work mode, carry out as gear level input by gear ratio selection device 60 by the driver, wherein this input detects by sensor 61.In automatic working method, the conversion of speed change level will realize that wherein characteristic curve is stored in configuration in the storage of control gear 44 according to the corresponding control of characteristic curve by actuator 46,48 and 50.Can have that a plurality of the driver can select therein by the working procedure of determining by at least one characteristic curve, as " physical culture " working procedure, the power that wherein drives motor 2 is worked best; " economy " working procedure wherein drives motor 2 fuel consumptions and optimally works; Or " winter " working procedure, wherein Motor Vehicle 1 safety in operation is worked best; In addition, in described embodiment, characteristic curve for example can adapt to driver and/or other boundary conditions such as traveling lane friction, external temperature etc.Control gear 18 will be by coming controlling and driving motor 2 to the supply of mixed gas or the influence of mixed gas component, wherein express an air throttle 22 in the drawings typically, its angle of release detects by an angle transducer 20 and this signal is offered control gear 18.In the additional embodiments that drives the motor adjusting, if relate to an internal-combustion engine, provide a corresponding signal to control gear 18, can determine the component and/or the input volume of mixed gas by this signal; Conform with the destination, also can use the signal of an existing λ probe.In addition in this embodiment, control gear 18 is provided: the position by signal-this bar of the load controlling rod 14 of driver operation is detected by a sensor 16, signal about engine speed-this signal produces the signal of the signal of an intake manifold pressure sensor 26 and a cooling-water temperature sensor 24 for the speed probe 28 of engine output shaft by configuration.Control gear 18 and 44 can be built on structure and/or the function in the divided portion zone, and they can conform with the destination for example is formed for exchanges data each other by a CAN bus 54 or other electrical connection form connection then.But also can be advantageously, regional combined with control gear, especially because the configuration of function always not single and need synergy.Especially when the certain phase control gear 44 of speed change level conversion can be in rotating speed and/or torque controlling and driving motor 2.No matter be that clutch actuator 46 or transmission actuators 48 and 50 will produce signal, can derive actuator position at least by them, it will offer control gear 44.Here be to carry out obtaining of position in actuator inside, wherein used the increment transmitter, it determines the actuator position of a relative reference point.But in another embodiment, transmitter is arranged on the actuator outside and/or determines the absolute position by potentiometer, also meet the requirements.Therefore for clutch actuator, give certain joint stroke and actuator position definite significant when actuator position is given in configuration thus when the points of engagement of clutch 4 is configurable.Advantageously, when putting into operation, determine the points of engagement of clutch 4 and repeatedly redefine during operation, especially wait to determine according to parameter such as clutch abrasion, clutch temp.The transmission actuators position determine to determine being important for the gear ratio of inserting.Provide the speed probe 62 of non-driving wheel 65 and 66 and 63 signal to control gear 44 in addition.For determining of motor vehicle speed, meaningfully consider the mean value of speed probe 62 and 63 or 60 and 61, so that compensation as the speed discrepancy when bend moves.Can try to achieve motor vehicle speed and the identification of also can skidding in addition by tach signal.The output of control gear connects and represents that with solid line the input connection dots in the drawings.The connection of sensor 61,62 and 63 pairs of control gear is expression only with signifying.

Fig. 2 summary and demonstration ground expression make an idle gear 201 and nothing be connected the synchronous shift clutch of the gearbox that the sync-body 203 on the axle is connected with relatively rotating.Wherein scheme A and represent that clutch sleeve 202 is in the neutral position, and figure B represents that presynchronization and figure C represent synchronously main.Clutch sleeve 202 is by a selector fork 211 operation and do not have and relatively rotate ground but axially movably is connected with sync-body 203 with synchronizing ring 204, this synchronizing ring and briquetting 206 and and corresponding to the stage clip 205 formation synchronizers of briquetting.

During the presynchronization stage B, clutch sleeve 202 is moved to the direction of idle gear 201 by the effect of presynchronization power FAV.Because frictional force on the conical friction face R between synchronizing ring 204 and the idle gear 201 will be set up a presynchronization torque TRV, rotate making on the lateral edge of block slots 210 on the initial position of synchronizing ring 204 in locking until briquetting 206 backstops thus.By the axial motion of clutch sleeve 202, the gearshift toothed portion 209 of sliding sleeve is axially aimed in region D mutually with the tooth inclined-plane of the gearshift toothed portion 208 of idle gear on this initial position.In the process of following, because the inclined-plane configuration in briquetting/clutch sleeve zone, the spring force FD that presynchronization power FAV will resist stage clip 205 causes the upset of briquetting 206, can make clutch sleeve 202 can further move axially and carry out the transition to main synchronous phase C thus, wherein the tooth inclined-plane of the gearshift toothed portion 208 of the gearshift toothed portion 209 of clutch sleeve and idle gear meets each other; This position is referred to herein as sync bit.Then will apply axial simultaneous force FA and on the conical friction face between the synchronizing cone of synchronizing ring 204 and idle gear 201, produce friction torque TR, between idle gear 201 and clutch sleeve 202, produce synchronization thus by these inclined-planes.

In another embodiment, synchronizer also can be connected with described idle gear.Use another configuration of synchronizer also to meet the requirements in another embodiment.When needing, the position that is called sync bit here is the another location, but this can not change the application of the present application design in principle.

One of Fig. 2 a summary and demonstration ground expression are used to make the shift clutch of the gearbox that its 201a of an idle gear 205a and supporting is connected.Clutch sleeve 203a axially reaches nothing by one with axle 201a and relatively rotates the linkage unit 202a supporting that is connected in an embodiment, and clutch sleeve can axially move on the latter, but disposes for not having in relative rotation; A synchronizer 204a is connected with idle gear 205a.

In initial position 200a, the part 202a and the 205a of two shift clutch to be connected each other separate, and clutch sleeve 203a is positioned at a position A who separates fully, on.If clutch sleeve 203a moves on the direction of arrow, it will reach a position 210a, and the synchronizer 204a that has the conical friction face on this position forms with the respective face of clutch sleeve 203a and is connected.Because frictional force and the engaging force that acts on the direction of arrow have produced the drive to idle gear 205a that increases, at this moment formed synchronizing torque, it can make one unshowned, for example be located on the clutch sleeve 203a, stop clutch sleeve 203a to continue the blocking device starting that engages; This position is called sync bit or synchronous thresholding.Reach the rotating speed of clutch sleeve 203a and synchronizing torque is approximate at least thus when dropping to zero when idle gear 205a is approximate at least, blocking device is opened and clutch sleeve 203a can continue to carry out the transition to position C from position B.On the position 220a that engages fully, the sealed connection of shape of between clutch sleeve 203a and idle gear 205a, having set up circumferencial direction, idle gear 205a is connected with spools 201 by clutch sleeve 203a and parts 202a.

Fig. 3 demonstration reaches the flow chart of summarily representing about the initialization condition that is used for synchronous threshold adaptation.To check on step 301 in this embodiment: whether Motor Vehicle remains static, and conforms with the destination, also can require Motor Vehicle to remain static on a scheduled time t, descends with its rotating speed of axle that guarantees quick rotation.If not this situation, will not have synchronous threshold adaptation, see frame 307; Otherwise will in step 302, determine, whether operate motor vehicle brake, can be with assurance owing to the adaptive essential little torque of transmitting on wheel makes Motor Vehicle be in motion.Under the situation of operating motor vehicle break not, will not carry out synchronous threshold adaptation, see frame 307; Otherwise will check in step 303: it is idle whether the driving motor is in, and can avoid the too big speed discrepancy on the synchronizer thus.When only being this situation, then enter step 304, otherwise do not carry out synchronous threshold adaptation.On step 304, will determine: whether inserted a speed change level, only when being this situation, just having continued to enter next step 305, otherwise will shunt to frame 307.Only when essential when adaptive, just check in step 306: whether have the adaptive of high priority more, it makes must shunt to step 307.If there is no more high priority adaptive will be carried out synchronous threshold adaptation in step 308; When having the adaptive of high priority more or other and the inconsistent function of threshold adaptation will be carried out synchronously, synchronously threshold adaptation will be always by after move, when other adaptive or function finishes, just carry out.

It only is a demonstration example that described this is used for the initialized criterion of synchronous threshold adaptation.Therefore in other embodiments, whether this criterion can especially meaningfully, inquire: need adaptive reaching whether to have the more adaptive or function of high priority at the very start with other sequential detection.Conform with the destination, also can walk around one or more criterions,, also can advance towards in step 308, carrying out adaptive direction although promptly be provided with the shunt of step 307 on stream according to this figure, this in the figure the connection shown in the with dashed lines represent.Also can advantageously make in other embodiments synchronous threshold adaptation initialization with other or more criterion relevant.

To make starting clutch 4 closures in a preferred embodiment in order to carry out synchronous threshold adaptation, at this moment to be closed into such degree just much of that for clutch, promptly transmit a clutch torque at least, this torque is enough big, so that the blocking device that is connected with clutch sleeve is worked.In that its synchronous thresholding of starting should be by adaptive retaining in choice direction on the next step, for example block selecting transmission device 48 is operated like this, i.e. gearshift dial to refer to corresponding speed change level under selector fork form connection or move at least relevant selector fork near.Be preferably in and move on to gearshift channel center in this step, as initial position, because can arrive all positions well like this; But in the embodiment of a modification, also can advantageously move on to other position in the relevant gearshift passage, as should be by the position in the block selecting passage of the tight front of gearshift passage of adaptive retaining at its synchronous thresholding.From this position-be preferably neutral position-begin to pass through synchronous thresholding reliably by it, clutch sleeve should be moved by the end position direction of adaptive speed change level to its sync bit now, and wherein this travelling speed is compared very slow with the shift process of routine.To conform with the destination to should moving of end position direction carries out with the speed of determining with carrying out rotational speed regulation, undertaken by angular acceleration control ground with the acceleration of determining, carry out with the power torque adjustment ground of determining, with the stroke determined by the angular orientation of transmission device iteratively or with the predetermined adjusting of stroke at random carry out, regulate by the voltage-regulation of transmission device or the electric current of transmission device.Also can advantageously use the combination of described control mode.

Therefore when motor 2 operations-preferably idle and clutch 4 are closed, obtain the speed discrepancy between gearbox input shaft and the output shaft of gear-box.As according to shown in Figure 2 and described, carry out the braking of engagement movement by the synchronizing torque on the synchronizer, this position of clutch sleeve can be confirmed as sync bit earlier.The value that the positional value of the clutch sleeve of being tried to achieve can be used as original value or handles with corrected value, preferably value to be used is calculated by value of newly trying to achieve and old value.

Conform with the destination, the detection of the motion of clutch sleeve 203 braking will realize that wherein this information can advantageously be taken out by the observation to the acceleration of the speed of the stroke of clutch sleeve, clutch sleeve, clutch sleeve in the zone of final output mechanism or in the zone of its mechanism of operation; Preferably use transmitter such as the increment stroke transmitter that is combined in the transmission device.According to another embodiment, near the clutch sleeve zone, the especially braking of before the gearshift elasticity that may have, moving, can avoid thus because the error that elasticity and/or gap cause.In another embodiment, the detection of the motion of clutch sleeve 203 braking realizes by measurement of force in the motion path zone between clutch sleeve and the transmission device.The motion of clutch sleeve 203 braking is determined by the power that transmission device receives in another advantageous embodiments.

In a preferred embodiment, trying to achieve of sync bit is that angular orientation, rotating speed or angular acceleration by drive motor realized, wherein can conform with the destination and use the increment stroke transmitter that is combined in the transmission device.Trying to achieve of position is to realize by the voltage of drive motor or the electric current of drive motor in another advantageous embodiments, also can use the transmitting torque of angular velocity and/or one or more gear-box axles to try to achieve in another advantageous embodiments.According to another embodiment who meets the requirements, the braking of clutch sleeve motion is tried to achieve by the combination of above-mentioned steps.

For the computing of the sync bit doing by computing device to try to achieve, use an algorithm in a preferred embodiment, this algorithm carries out multiplication and/or additive corrections to the sync bit of trying to achieve.In another embodiment, use a kind of correcting algorithm, this algorithm wherein in a preferred embodiment can be advantageously combined with an algorithm correcting mode based on other mathematical relationship such as power, logarithm, differential and/or integration with meeting the requirements.The exploitation of preferred correcting algorithm can rule of thumb be worth, tests, realize by the analysis of the modeled calculating of motion transmission path, emulation, measurement and/or structure graph.

If new synchronous thresholding as in the preferred embodiment is made of synchronous thresholding of newly trying to achieve and old value, the computation rule of then can demonstrating with reference to following one:

New thresholding synchronously=(the synchronous thresholding that the old thresholding+Y synchronously of x tries to achieve)/100

Wherein coefficient x preferably very big, as between 80 and 100, reach coefficient y preferably very little, as between 0 and 20.

In a preferred embodiment, under above-mentioned condition, carry out the adaptive of synchronous thresholding.If but under adaptive situation the parking period driver of a signaling lamp place oil supply, therefore this Motor Vehicle should quicken as quickly as possible, in case no longer operate Idle Switch and/or motor vehicle brake in this case, must insert required retaining immediately.Especially in one embodiment, wherein required speed change level is placed in 600ms under described situation, especially is placed in 300 to 400ms.

Described embodiment of the present invention also can be used for put into operation the detection of speed change level sync bit in the program limit of prototype version or family machine motor-car.

Because the function of described synchronizer, the coefficientoffriction of synchronizing torque and synchronizer, relevant corresponding to the friction radius Rsync of the simultaneous force FSync of engaging force and an annular synchronizer wherein can be approximately for synchronizing torque Msync:

Msync＝μ·FSync·RReib

The value of synchronizing torque has direct influence to shifting comfort, because high synchronizing torque can cause the vibration in interfering noise and the power train.This influence can apply by simultaneous force FSync.

According to preferred configuration of the present invention, the adjustment amount of simultaneous force FSync is set like this: promptly produce vibration as far as possible little in as far as possible little noise and the power train and shift process is cosily carried out.The adjustment of simultaneous force FSync can realize according to one or more parameters as described below, wherein for example represents the formation with the relation of load controlling rod position and the power skew that expression is relevant with the gear box oil temperature in Fig. 4 b in Fig. 4 a.Expression constitutes the simultaneous force setting value by simultaneous force and power skew according to the characteristic curve group in Fig. 4 c.

Under the situation relevant with load controlling rod position shown in Fig. 4 a, simultaneous force FSync will increase along with the increase of load controlling rod position in a preferred embodiment, and wherein this increases for each speed change level and will carry out according to an intrinsic characteristic curve.Be easy to act as most load controlling rod position and be the twice value of zero FSync of simultaneous force when not operating when certain value begins to be elevated to the throttle wide gearshift corresponding to pedal board; Simultaneous force FSync also will continue to raise when shifting gears under pin startup (Kickdown) condition.For the doodlebug of the motor with 1 to 1.8 liter of air displacement scope, advantageously, the adjustment amount of simultaneous force FSync is 120-310Nm, especially is from 190-250Nm to 420-650Nm and especially to 490-560Nm; For big Motor Vehicle simultaneous force FSync with correspondingly adaptive adjustment.Do not carry out the adjustment of simultaneous force FSync in the illustrated embodiment for reverse gear shift.Characteristic accurate variation be at: be suitable for what kind of simultaneous force FSync of a speed change level on the load controlling rod position of determining, this for example can be by calculating or test be tried to achieve.Can obtain the shift process on simultaneous force FSync, optimized according to load controlling rod position for each speed change level in this way.Advantageously, these characteristic variations are linear basically; And in another embodiment, also meet the requirements when characteristic curve or characteristic zone have variation corresponding or that be similar to nonlinear function, these nonlinear functions are as sinusoidal, tan e-, log-function, or parabolic function.In order to simplify control, use single characteristic curve or the multiple use of at least one characteristic curve for all speed change levels in another embodiment.

Fig. 4 b is that example is represented the plotted curve with the side-play amount of a parameter correlation with the gearbox temperature.In this embodiment, for being lower than-the predetermined certain simultaneous force side-play amount of gear box oil temperature of 20oC, it the scope neutral line of-20oC to 10oC be reduced to zero, thus for the predetermined no side-play amount of the gear box oil temperature that is higher than 10oC.Certainly the change curve of this side-play amount relative temperature is relevant with the change curve of gearbox oil viscosity relative temperature, is based on the use of common multizone gear box oil in this embodiment.By side-play amount, simultaneous force will adapt to the gearbox oil viscosity, and the power loss that increases under the little viscosity situation that temperature causes is compensated, and under the another kind of oil condition of use corresponding synchronous power curve of deviation will be set with meeting the requirements thus.This curve is linear in a preferred embodiment, and in another embodiment, and this curve is corresponding or be similar to a function as sinusoidal, tan, e-, log-function, or parabolic function on the part area at least.

As shown in Fig. 4 c, in an embodiment by a characteristic curve group-shown in Fig. 4 a-in the simultaneous force chosen and determine given simultaneous force according to the side-play amount of offset function-shown in Fig. 4 b-constitute.In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the ground that meets the requirements will or additionally be adjusted simultaneous force and/or constitute another or other deviant according to other parameter in order to constitute given simultaneous force according to other parameter transformation ground.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention based on driver's parameter adjustment simultaneous force FSync.This driver's parameter is a feature to drive type for example, and wherein to be used for maximum oil consumptions be that the driver and 100 of orientation is used for the peak output to inlet coefficient 1 to 100,1 is the driver of orientation.Driving type for example can be by determining the operation of load controlling rod, the observation of brake service and/or the gearshift frequency in the manual manipulation mode.In a preferred embodiment, the value that is used to drive type is bigger, and simultaneous force FSync is bigger, wherein the best approximately linear at least of simultaneous force and the relation of driving type in the characteristic curve group.Be the non-linear relation of simultaneous force in another embodiment, it is corresponding or be similar to a function as sinusoidal, tan, e-, log-function, or parabolic function in the part area at least.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, adjust simultaneous force FSync based on the ramp drive parameter.For example this ramp drive parameter is a feature with the track gradient, wherein imports parameter 1 to 100,1 and is used for flat track or is used for very steep descending and 100 in another embodiment being used for very steep upward slope.The ramp drive parameter for example can be according to the operation of load controlling rod, brake service, gearshift frequency and/or one or more vehicle wheel rotational speed are determined in manual manipulation mode.In a preferred embodiment, the value that is used for the ramp drive parameter is bigger, and simultaneous force FSync is bigger, wherein the best approximately linear at least of the relation of simultaneous force and ramp drive parameter in the characteristic curve group.Be the non-linear relation of simultaneous force in another embodiment, it is corresponding or be similar to a function as sinusoidal, tan, e-, log-function, or parabolic function in the part area at least.

In addition, can be in preferred configuration of the present invention based on the torque request that drives motor is adjusted simultaneous force FSync, wherein high torque request causes that simultaneous force increases; Adjust simultaneous force based on the rotating speed of target of changing stylish speed change level in the speed change level, wherein improve simultaneous force corresponding to high rotating speed of target; Adjust simultaneous force based on the speed discrepancy that will overcome synchronously the time, wherein high speed discrepancy causes high simultaneous force; Frictional behavior according to synchronizer is adjusted simultaneous force, wherein the friction coefficient of synchronizer causes the simultaneous force increase and/or adjusts simultaneous force based on the inertia torque that reduces on the synchronizer that is caused by targeted gear, and wherein inertia torque decline senior general causes that simultaneous force increases.

In addition, favourable also has: adjust simultaneous force in the variation of synchronizing process, especially when the approaching end of synchronizing process simultaneous force is returned and fall, the travelling comfort of shift process is improved.The end of synchronizing process for example can according to treat between the synchronous axle speed discrepancy reduce detect, wherein this speed discrepancy can directly be measured or be determined by mathematical model in control gear.

Another design of the present invention relates to the immigration of sync bit.No matter the immigration of sync bit still is that the foundation of simultaneous force all wants power control ground to carry out.In this way, can realize reaching fast and dispose the simultaneous force of the non-precise synchronization location independent of being stored in the storage to control gear 18,44 and set up, the The whole control of gear shift operation and the dispersed phase of sync bit are than more stable thus.What made every effort to is, accurately in clutch sleeve 202 engagement movement with synchronizing shaft C form contact the time engrave and control transmission device in this wise, so that accurately produce required simultaneous force FA, this realizes by making diligent-force characteristic curve based on the merit of being finished by transmission device in a preferred embodiment.Here simultaneous force according to the energy conservation law as the function of the mechanical work of making by transmission device by predetermined.

Summary and a demonstration ground transmission device 301a of expression and a clutch sleeve 304a who has the 305a of bindiny mechanism in Fig. 3 a, this bindiny mechanism comprises an elastic part 302a and a damper 303a.Its objective is to make sliding sleeve 304a move on the sync bit as quickly as possible and reach as far as possible soon there and accurately adjust required simultaneous force.At this, transmission realizes by the mechanism that the centre connects from drive motor, this mechanism comprises described elastic part 302a and described damper 303a, wherein the composition that formed by the design of motion path on the one hand of elastic part reaches the spring assembly that is provided with by self on the other hand and forms, and wherein the spring assembly that self is provided with accounts for the major component in the whole elasticity.

This spring assembly is made of two relatively turnable parts in a preferred configuration, connects stage clip therebetween, but these two parts antagonistic spring resistances relatively rotate.Along with rotation angle increase resistance or spring force increase, it increases and has different slopes on whole pivot region wherein to conform with the destination, a demonstration example is illustrated among Fig. 4 d, in order to produce the stage clip that this change curve is provided with a plurality of series connection and/or is connected in parallel, have the different qualities curve.But also can conform with the destination in another embodiment, make characteristic curve on whole range of movement, have same slope.

According to another design of the present invention, use a plastics elastic body as elastic part, its elastic characteristic curve can and/or be handled and adjust as required by corresponding material selection, and this processing comprises the flexible material of added influence or uses flexible manufacturing of influence and processing method.This is also advantageously plastics elastic body has the characteristic curve that changes slope on the loading scope.But in another embodiment, elastic curve has same slope on whole range of movement.

In a preferred embodiment, the determining to assemble by the elastic part precompressed of this flexible response threshold realize, wherein corresponding to required response threshold, this precompression is in the scope of 50-450N, scope or the scope at 400-1000N at 200-600N.This precompression is in the scope of 150-350N in a particularly preferred embodiment.

According to another preferred embodiment, elasticity is set with distributing, a plurality of individual elastic parts promptly is set, they realize required function totally.In another embodiment, also use the elastic part that is loaded in the axial direction and works.These elastic parts are set in the mechanism between transmission device and the clutch sleeve in gearbox of the present invention, and wherein real in this respect transmission part is called as transmission device, the armature shaft of a drive motor for example.But advantageously be combined on elastic part structure and comprise transmission device and subsequently in the housing of speed change level.

The damper of this mechanism represents with 303a, damping wherein be based on design-related friction or also based on additional, may adjustable damping piece.In illustrated embodiment advantageously, for control gear 18 by Fig. 1, the transmission device 301a of 44 solenoidoperated cluthes sleeve 304a, shift near synchronizing shaft, appreciable described mechanism carries out the transition of power control and exerts all one's strength at least approx corresponding to the given force value on the sync bit based on the energy of storing in elastic part 302a in this moment during counteractive stopping in Fig. 2 when further engagement movement is subjected to then with making the speed controlled system of clutch sleeve 304a in engaging process.Here conclusively be elastic part 302 and the accurate coordination between the engaging speed on the sync bit on the one hand on the other hand.

The immigration of sync bit is carried out under speed controlling.Under the situation of the elastic characteristic of the 305a of mechanism that considers transmission device 301a is connected with clutch sleeve 304a, make speed regulation to certain value according to desired given simultaneous force.In a preferred embodiment, according to desired given simultaneous force 250-1000N, the immigration speed on the thresholding is in the scope of 25-200mm/s synchronously.Have among Fig. 4 under the situation with the illustrated and described characteristic elastic part of 401a in use when desired given simultaneous force raises 3 times the time, the immigration speed on the thresholding raises 5 times approximately synchronously.

Speed controlling move on to sync bit during, the boundary value of a power of stack, this value level at first keeps low value, so that the friction that exists in the compensation mechanism, and when certain engaging speed is above, should the value level be increased, to avoid counter-rotating when reaction force is very fast when rising transmission device.Preferably, from engaging speed 3-40mm/s, especially 5-25mm/s, improve the level of force boundary value.For when the low engaging speed by the force boundary value friction compensation of stack, what meet the requirements is, according to the amount that causes frictional force, regulate this power as the gear box oil temperature, so that total energy keeps required engaging speed.Carry out big compensation under big frictional force situation, this compensation correspondingly reduces when frictional force diminishes.

Carry out the transition to power control on sync bit, the engaging speed of clutch sleeve is braked on this position, converts under the situation of potential energy this elastic part at kinetic energy by energy storage and set up a power thus, and it is at least approx corresponding to required simultaneous force; The compensation of frictional force is to realize by the driving force of continuation effect in transmission device in operating device.Use motor to do under the situation of transmission device, discerning the braking of motion according to the decline of the increase of motor energy requirement and/or speed.

When continue changing, power is limited or is adjusted on the value of required simultaneous force, wherein only needs relatively little variation, because the power that is caused by elastic part is at least approx corresponding to required simultaneous force.This power wherein usually occurs in the scope of 200-600Nm in the scope of 100-1000N synchronously in a preferred embodiment, only just allows simultaneous force to reach about 1000N when needs are synchronous especially soon.

Using under the situation of motor as the transmission device of clutch sleeve 304a, when to power control transition, using the voltage and the rotating speed of drive motor to determine given force, in the power restriction stage, accurately compensating the frictional force of real effect thus.Another conceives this preferable methods according to the present invention provides such possibility, promptly uses unified gearshift elastic part and sets up simultaneous force by the corresponding control to the immigration speed of synchronous thresholding for different speed change levels and/or gearbox.

In this embodiment, be included in the whole synchronous engaging process and just mainly obtained great time superiority by making elastic part 302a conform with the destination.But with gearshift elastic part 302a related aspect REFERENCE TO RELATED people's German application DE 197 34 023 A1 and DE 197 134 23 A1, their disclosure also belongs to disclosure of the present invention clearly.In the preferred control range of synchronous engaging process, what meet the requirements especially is, the accurate as far as possible position of the synchronous thresholding of storage and this value is upgraded with uniform interval in a storage that belongs to control gear 18,44.

Fig. 4 d has represented one by the flexible characteristic curve of the included gearshift of the 305a of mechanism to demonstration with plotted curve 401a, and wherein it is illustrated in the skew that produces under definite power effect.Skew accordingly under generation and the Separating force behind the gap Sp that in having passed through this structure, has existed, it is performed until the point 1 of curve a, then is performed until the point 2 of curve b with the slope that obviously reduces and is performed until the terminal point of the offset area of curve c then again with the slope of obvious increasing.The last zone that this flexible response threshold, the power that promptly causes obvious skew are arranged in the characteristic curve part A synchronously the power that occurs of engaging process below.In this embodiment, gearshift elasticity is preferably: for the side-play amount of about 3.5mm need about 1300N power.

According to another design of the present invention, being provided with a motor is connected with the gearbox of this Motor Vehicle, its rotor for example is connected with a flywheel mass free to rotate or constitutes this flywheel mass, this flywheel mass can be advantageously isolated to utilize its inertia by at least one clutch and driver element such as internal-combustion engine and with live axle, can realize hybrid driving by this structure like this.Can realize the extensive use of motor according to the gearbox of this configuration, for example, make kinetic energy convert rotation function (regeneration) to as flywheel mass rotor under generator, part drive unit, main drive and the situation as unit that kinetic energy is converted to electric energy or internal-combustion engine separation in the Motor Vehicle braking process as the starting unit of internal-combustion engine.

For this reason, by control gear 18,44 continuously, approximate continuous ground or the ground momentary value of calculating machine merit discretely in another embodiment that also meets the requirements.This calculating is in a preferred embodiment undertaken by a program as shown in Figure 5.In first path, according to inquiry in the step 502, this computational process begins and the given merit of calculating in step 507.In other path,, in step 503, calculate the merit of current actuator according to inquiry in the step 502.Then determine in step 504: whether current clutch sleeve impact point on the synchronous thresholding of close enough.When being this situation, exit criteria-given force is set in step 505 equals simultaneous force, and leave this program, otherwise proceed to next step 506, it is according to the control curve in the speed shown in Fig. 5 c-merit plotted curve 501 and consider and can calculate given force based on current location by power-merit characteristic curve that test is advantageously determined, in another embodiment can meet the requirements calculate given force according to the elastic characteristic curve of mechanism.Therefore by each calculating path according to the point in current location-Fig. 5 c medium velocity-merit plotted curve 510-can be identified for the given force of next step, can follow required control curve 511 thus as well as possiblely.

Fig. 5 b represents speed-merit plotted curve, wherein shows applying under the given force situation to reach the different path of given location (sync bit) corresponding to given merit Asoll, and this position in the drawings.The border in this curve district is represented with dotted line in the drawings, upwards determines by the maximum current and the maximum voltage of transmission device, and very slow path such as path a are disadvantageous according to required time for the foundation of simultaneous force, and it has limited this curve district downwards thus.What made every effort to is, when engaging, follow one fast the path, as path c; The variation in a favourable path is indicated in the plotted curve 510 of Fig. 5 c.

In another embodiment of the present invention, information about the synchronous gate extreme position is not used in the control of the adjusting of required simultaneous force (synchronously given force).Synchronizing process itself and the immigration control force ground that conforms with the destination sync bit carry out, and wherein also can conform with the destination in another embodiment the immigration of sync bit is carried out under control rate.For power control, in described embodiment continuously, approximate continuous ground, conform with purpose-estimation and the counteractive power of transmission device discretely in another embodiment-also.Calculate under the situation of the rigidity of considering motion path between transmission device and the clutch sleeve and transmission device kinetic energy by control gear for this reason, reach the adjusting that synchronous given force reached accurately and do not have overshoot fast thus.Especially can avoid essential immigration speed of proofreading and correct driving force when reaching sync bit with compensating error.

As shown in Figure 6, by the observation of transmission device speed being estimated the power that hinders transmission device, see step 601 according to a preferred configuration; And this reaction force is used for the predetermined of power.Carry out the calculating of given force according to the step 604 of check in step 602 and branch, until or according to formula | the required simultaneous force Fsynch of Fsynch-Fi|＜FGrenze enough accurately is adjusted on the FGrenze, wherein Fi is corresponding to estimated reaction force, or transmission speed | and vi| is lower than till the v Grenze.When satisfying one of these criterions, output condition is set in step 603, its mode is that the given force FiSoll that will be used for next step is arranged to equal required simultaneous force Fsynch.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention can the people be the immigration that realizes sync bit under the situation of damping in using transmission device, its mode is that the position represented with A from Fig. 2 begins control force ground and carries out the immigration of sync bit and the foundation of simultaneous force, wherein for the predetermined use equation FiSoll=Fmax-kvi of the given driving force FiSoll of transmission device.Fmax is calculated as Fmax=Fsync/ η+FOffset, and wherein Fsync represents the required simultaneous force on the clutch sleeve, and η represents gear efficiency, and vI represents immigration speed and FOffset, and k represents parameter.And required in this embodiment simultaneous force can be conditioned with reaching no overshoot fast, wherein especially parameter k-also can be described as damping constant-selection have material impact and must adjust accordingly this parameter according to other amount.

In the gearbox of speed change level by shift clutch gearshift, need with the position as retaining terminal bit position or synchronously the location storage of thresholding in being arranged at a storage in the control gear, so that guarantee that shift process carries out smoothly.According to the variation that causes by work in the moving region between clutch sleeve and transmission device, for example wearing and tearing, can obtain being stored in position in the storage and the deviation between the actual position, therefore must make the position adaptive again; Being preferably in duration of work repeats adaptive.Have a relation between the position of determining, i.e. the skew that causes owing to the variation that produces in the work influences these positions equably or has a proportional relation at least.

According to one embodiment of present invention, at least temporarily form contact between each position, this adaptively makes a position also be used for proofreading and correct the another location thus.For example keeping off the adaptive of terminal position and the adaptive of synchronous gate extreme position interrelates in this wise: the synchronous gate extreme position under a retaining terminal position has been carried out when adaptive is also by corresponding correction.Conform with the destination, the described contact of these positions is permanent but temporarily work.For example be used for adaptive by contact each other in these positions, scheduled time expiration back.In this respect, the described time meets the requirements in 40 to 200 hours, especially 80 to 100 hours scope.Suitable is for example several hours or per hour often formation contact several times at interval but in another embodiment.Carry out this contact according to the adaptive number in retaining terminal position that carries out in another embodiment.Conform with the destination,, especially after 40 to 60 retaining terminal positions are adaptive, once get in touch at certain adaptive number in retaining terminal position, for example 15 to after 80s.And based on other situation, as Motor Vehicle starting or as be used for common adaptive position contact when the signaling lamp place motor vehicles parking and also meet the requirements.

In another embodiment, in retaining terminal bit position is stored in to the gearbox in the storage of described control gear configuration, keep off the adaptive of terminal bit position during operation.

Another design according to the present invention proposes: be provided with a motor and be connected with the gearbox of Motor Vehicle of the present invention, the rotor of this motor for example is connected with a flywheel mass free to rotate or constitutes this flywheel mass, this flywheel mass can be advantageously isolated to utilize its inertia, so that can realize hybrid driving by this structure by at least one clutch and driver element such as internal-combustion engine and with output shaft.Can realize the extensive use of motor according to the gearbox of this configuration, for example, make kinetic energy convert inertia rotation function (regeneration) to as flywheel mass rotor under generator, branch drive unit, main drive and the situation as unit that kinetic energy is converted to electric energy or internal-combustion engine separation in the Motor Vehicle braking process as the starting unit of internal-combustion engine.

Claims that the application submits to together are a kind ofly to write suggestion and do not predict the wide as far as possible scope of patent protection of acquisition.The applicant still keeps: the characteristics combination that will only be disclosed in so far in specification and/or the accompanying drawing continues to propose protection.

Indication is drawn in returning of using in the dependent claims: the feature by corresponding dependent claims is to the theme of independent claims configuration further; They should not be understood that the characteristics combination of returning the dependent claims that draws is abandoned realizing an independently specifically protection.

Because the theme of these dependent claims of prior art of relative priority day is distinctive and can constitutes independently invention that the applicant still keeps: with they theme or part explanations as independent claims.They can also comprise other independent invention, and these independent inventions have and the irrelevant configuration of the theme of above-mentioned dependent claims.

These embodiments should not be counted as limitation of the present invention.And in scope disclosed by the invention, can have numerous variations and modification, especially some modification, unit and combination and/or material, they for example be by described in individual characteristics and general remark and form of implementation and the claim and accompanying drawing in the feature that comprises or the combination or the conversion of unit or method step, they can be known by inference in view of its task of solution for the professional workforce, or cause a new theme or new method step or method step order, and be with regard to they relate to manufacturing, check and method of work by feature capable of being combined.

Claims (20)

1. Motor Vehicle, it has a driving motor, torque transmitter with first operation equipment, one has an input shaft, the gearbox of the output shaft and second operation equipment, wherein gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by forming with fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and an idle gear that can be connected or separate with another, and has a control gear, wherein first and second operation equipment can be imported ground operation automatically by described control gear, its mode is, in first working method by control gear according to the automatic start-up function of a plurality of input quantities, or in second working method input import operation by the driver, and wherein its axle of one idle gear and supporting in the speed change level is connected by a terminal output block and synchronizer, this terminal output block is producing approximate at least rotating speed equality under the situation that is applying simultaneous force between joint aging time between described idle gear to be connected and described axle, it is characterized in that: described simultaneous force can be according to driver's sports state, the Motor Vehicle load, the gear box oil temperature, load controlling rod position, drive engine torque requests, rotating speed of target, speed discrepancy on the synchronizer, the frictional behavior of synchronizer and/or gearbox pull-up torque are adjusted.

2. Motor Vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this terminal output block just makes it possible to engage fully when synchronizing process finishes under the approximately equalised at least situation of rotating speed, wherein is moved into all controlled simultaneous force of synchronous thresholding or synchronizing process ground itself and carries out.

3. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 2, it is characterized in that: for the control of the simultaneous force of terminal output block, estimation and the counteractive reaction force of this terminal output block.

4. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 3, it is characterized in that: based on the speed of terminal operation mechanism and under the situation of the kinetic energy of considering terminal operation mechanism and rigidity thereof, carry out the estimation of reaction force.

5. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 4, it is characterized in that: when considering the rigidity of terminal operation mechanism, be higher than at reaction force under the situation of response threshold of this rigidity, the characteristic curve of the rigidity of terminal operation mechanism directly or indirectly is used for estimation.

6. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 3, it is characterized in that: carry out the estimation of reaction force based on the energy conservation law and according to the merit that the transmission device of terminal operation mechanism is done.

7. Motor Vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein its axle of idle gear and supporting of at least one speed change level is connected by the shift clutch that comprises described synchronizer, wherein said synchronizer only just makes to engage under the approximately equalised at least situation of rotating speed becomes possibility, or its axle of idle gear and supporting of at least one speed change level is connected, wherein the rotating speed equilibrium of two clutch part to be connected realizes and just engages under the approximately equalised at least situation of rotating speed by the control of control gear.

8. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 7, it is characterized in that: for the simultaneous force control of terminal output block, estimation and the counteractive reaction force of these parts.

9. according to the Motor Vehicle of claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: carry out the estimation of reaction force based on the energy conservation law and according to the merit that the transmission device of terminal operation mechanism is done.

10. Motor Vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, gearbox has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by with the fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and that can be connected with another form with an idle gear this retaining gear engagement, and this gearbox comprises:

-clutch sleeve, they are suitable for producing between its axle of idle gear and supporting of a speed change level and are connected,

-transmission device, they are suitable for causing the joint or the detaching motion of clutch sleeve,

-one is used for mechanism that described transmission device is connected with described clutch sleeve,

An elastic part in-this mechanism zone, it is suitable for kinetic energy is stored and on the contrary potential energy exported with the form of kinetic energy again with the form of potential energy, and

-described control gear is controlled like this, and promptly the elasticity based on the elastic part in engaging speed and the described mechanism zone produces a given engaging force.

11. Motor Vehicle according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described synchronizer works between clutch sleeve and idle gear, this synchronizer is suitable at the joint fully that stops during the engaging process under the situation that forms the sealed connection of shape on the synchronous thresholding, when reaching the rotating speed approximately equal, just engage fully, wherein, on synchronous thresholding, stop kinetic energy under the condition of engagement movement to be stored in the described elastic part with the form of potential energy, carried out the engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given engaging force.

12. Motor Vehicle according to claim 11, it is characterized in that: the immigration speed to synchronous thresholding is selected in this wise according to the characteristic of this elastic part, promptly carry out engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given engaging force.

13. Motor Vehicle according to claim 12, it is characterized in that: the characteristic of elastic part is selected in this wise according to the immigration speed to synchronous thresholding, promptly carried out the engagement movement braking the time engrave the energy in elastic part, stored at least approx corresponding to given engaging force.

14. according to one Motor Vehicle among the claim 10-13, it is characterized in that: the response threshold of described elastic part is starkly lower than the simultaneous force that occurs in synchronizing process.

15. the Motor Vehicle according to claim 14 is characterized in that: at simultaneous force is 50-450N, and described elastic part responds under the situation of 200-600N or 400-1000N.

16. the Motor Vehicle according to claim 14 is characterized in that: be that described elastic part responds under the situation of 150-350N at simultaneous force.

17. be used for moving method according to the Motor Vehicle of above claim one, be used to move into the sync bit of the terminal output block of the Motor Vehicle that has a locking synchromesh transmission, it is characterized in that: fast as far as possible and have overshoot ground and move into sync bit.

18. method according to claim 17, it is characterized in that: carry out simultaneous force control under the situation of a damping constant based on vibration equation and using, described method can realize that the immigration and the simultaneous force that have nothing to do with the exact position of the accurate initial velocity of described terminal output block and sync bit are relevant with damping constant.

19. be used to move the method for Motor Vehicle according to claim 1, the gearbox of this Motor Vehicle has the gear train that constitutes a plurality of speed change levels, these gear trains are respectively by with the fixedly connected retaining gear of axle and that can be connected with another form with an idle gear this retaining gear engagement, and this gearbox comprises:

-clutch sleeve, they are suitable for producing between its axle of idle gear and supporting of a speed change level and are connected,

-transmission device, they are suitable for causing the joint or the detaching motion of clutch sleeve,

-one is used for mechanism that described transmission device is connected with described clutch sleeve,

-the synchronizer that works between clutch sleeve and idle gear is suitable for producing the continuation joint that a synchronizing torque and locking surpass synchronous thresholding based on the engaging force friction during engaging process with being connected, when reaching the rotating speed approximately equal till,

An elastic part the in-described mechanism zone, it is suitable for kinetic energy with the storage of the form of potential energy and on the contrary potential energy is exported with the form of kinetic energy again, and the determining of one of them gear ratio may further comprise the steps:

-speed controlling ground engaging clutch sleeve only is limited to up to synchronous gate,

The reaction force that-identification is produced by the locking on synchronous thresholding,

-then carry out the transition to simultaneous force to control,

The stored energy in the elastic part that is latched in by engagement movement on synchronous thresholding wherein.

20. the method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, is applied to according on each the Motor Vehicle among claim 2-6 and the 9-18.

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