CN1809725A - 磁场相关角度传感器 - Google Patents

磁场相关角度传感器 Download PDF

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CN1809725A
CN1809725A CNA2004800175814A CN200480017581A CN1809725A CN 1809725 A CN1809725 A CN 1809725A CN A2004800175814 A CNA2004800175814 A CN A2004800175814A CN 200480017581 A CN200480017581 A CN 200480017581A CN 1809725 A CN1809725 A CN 1809725A
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converter
magnetic
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magnetic field
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CN100520279C (zh
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M·欣滋
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NXP BV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/24409Interpolation using memories
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/489Digital circuits therefor

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Abstract

为了在包括有效连接到磁发射机的磁场相关角度传感器的设备中减少机械部件的尺度以及传感与电子部件的数量与尺寸,同时保持或改善输出信号的分辨率,角度传感器由至少一个磁电转换器构成,其中磁发射机被布置,以使之可以相对于角度传感器旋转,转换器的电特性取决于磁场强度,但与作用在至少一个转换器上的磁场的极性无关。选择磁场强度,以使得至少一个转换被饱和控制。

Description

磁场相关角度传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及包括有效连接到磁发射机(magnetic transmitter)的磁场相关角度传感器(magnetic-field-dependent angle sensor)的设备,该磁发射机被布置,以使之能够相对于角度传感器旋转。
背景技术
根据序言的设备以高度变化的方式用于位置测量、旋转角度测量、旋转速度测量,并用于检测旋转的方向。通常,取决于将确定旋转移动还是线性移动,线性地旋转或移动永久磁体。用于旋转速度测量的此种类型的一个公知设备具有磁阻元件,其中输出信号线性地取决于磁场强度,并因而也取决于力线的极性或符号。在此种情况下,磁阻元件是桥接电路的一部分,其在旋转传感器的情况中生成基本正弦的输出信号。每次旋转的正弦振荡的数量则等于磁发射机的磁极对(pole pair)的数量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是减少机械部件的尺度以及传感与电子部件的数量与尺寸,同时保持或提高输出信号的分辨率。
这个目的利用根据本发明的设备来实现,其中角度传感器由至少一个磁电转换器组成,其电特性取决于磁场强度,但与作用于至少一个转换器上的磁场的极性无关,并且选择磁场强度,以使得至少一个转换器被控制在饱和中(in saturation)。
根据本发明的设备具有的优点是:在简单的机械部件,特别地在运动部件的情况下,高分辨率是有可能的,并且这在汽车技术中是特别有利的。合适的转换器是所有的磁电转换器,其电输出变量不依赖于磁场的极性或者符号。在本发明中,优选设置为:至少一个转换器是磁阻元件。
本发明的一个有利发展是:由至少一个桥接电路形成角度传感器,该桥接电路由四个用几何学布置的磁电转换器组成。最好设置为:以圆形方式布置这些转换器。
在根据本发明的一个发展的设备中,进一步的分辨率的增加是有可能的,其中设置了至少一个其他的桥接电路,其转换器以这样的方式进行安排,使得这些转换器沿磁体的移动方向与至少一个桥接电路的转换器交错安排。对于许多应用,已经证实提供总共两个桥接电路是有利的。包括多个桥接电路的转换器或在不同于上述的设备中的转换器也是想得到的。
再一个有利的精心改进在于:至少一个桥接电路的输出信号被转换成二进制信号。所得到的二进制信号对于磁体的每个磁极对具有两个脉冲波前(flank)。如果存在多个桥接电路,则在每种情况下,取决于桥接电路的安排,具有相移信号。二进制信号可以借助于简单的逻辑进行链接,因此每个磁极对具有多个脉冲波前。
利用另一个有利的发展,实现更高的分辨率,其中通过应用反三角函数,将至少两个桥接电路的输出信号转换成随着磁体的移动线性改变的信号。除了这个信号作为模拟信号的进一步处理之外,可以借助于模拟/数字转换器从这个信号中导出数字信号,或者借助于比较器能够从中导出较高频率的其它二进制信号。
附图说明
将参照附图所示的实施例进一步描述本发明,然而本发明并不限于此。
图1显示了根据本发明的设备的示意图;
图2同样以示意图的形式显示了图1所示的实施例的示例中使用的角度传感器的平面图;
图3显示了磁阻元件的连接以形成两个桥接电路;
图4显示了在一个旋转期间桥接电路的输出电压;
图5显示了从图4所示的输出电压中形成的脉冲信号,每次旋转具有四个脉冲;
图6显示了用于导出例如每次旋转8个脉冲的较高频率的脉冲的图;
图7显示了用于导出图5和6所示的矩形脉冲的简单比较器电路的实例。
具体实施方式
在图1所示的实施例的示例中,包括N极和S极的永久磁体2位于旋转轴1上,其旋转速度和/或角位置将被测量。磁阻角度传感器4被布置在印刷电路板3上,来自永久磁体2的磁力线5流过磁阻角度传感器。
如图2中所能够看到的,角度传感器4具有8个近似扇形的磁阻元件。在每一种情况下,这些元件中的四个以桥接电路的形式被连接,这为了清楚起见而未显示在图2中,但是显示在图3的电路图中。磁阻元件1a至1d根据电阻值R1a至R1d形成第一桥接电路10,具有端子6、7,在端子6与7之间呈现输出电压V1。磁阻元件2a至2d构成第二桥接电路11,具有电阻值R2a至R2d和带有输出电压V2的端子8、9。
在磁体2的一个旋转期间(图1),产生图4所示的电压,即V1=V0sin(2a)和V2=V0cos(2a)。利用在下文中将参照图8解释的简单比较器电路,可以从正弦电压中导出矩形脉冲。从V1和V2导出的矩形脉冲随后经过逻辑电路,这产生图5所示的矩形信号。
图6显示了用于从正弦电压中导出矩形脉冲的另一可能性,其中矩形脉冲具有高于图5所示的频率。为此,例如,利用CORDIC算法,从V1和V2中导出随角度a线性变化的电压V3=V0arctan(V1/V2)。然后,利用多个比较器,产生图6所示的脉冲信号I3,其中永久磁体的每次旋转生成8个脉冲。
为了生成矩形脉冲,桥接电路10或11的输出电压V1或V2被馈送给差动放大器13,其输出被连接到比较器14的输入15。基准电压Vref被馈送给所述比较器14的另一输入16。然后,可在输出17上获得期望的矩形信号。

Claims (7)

1、一种包括有效连接到磁发射机(2)的磁场相关角度传感器的设备,该磁发射机被安排,以使之能够相对于角度传感器(4)旋转,其特征在于,角度传感器(4)由至少一个磁电转换器组成,所述磁电转换器的电特性取决于磁场强度,但与作用于至少一个转换器上的磁场的极性无关,并且选择磁场强度,以使得至少一个转换器被控制在饱和中。
2、根据权利要求1的设备,其特征在于,至少一个转换器是磁阻元件。
3、根据权利要求1和2之中任何一项权利要求的设备,其特征在于,角度传感器由至少一个桥接电路(10,11)形成,所述桥接电路由4个用几何学布置的磁电转换器(1a,1b,1c,1d;2a,2b,2c,2d)构成。
4、根据权利要求3的设备,其特征在于,以圆形方式布置这些转换器(1a,1b,1c,1d;2a,2b,2c,2d)。
5、根据权利要求3和4之中任何一项权利要求的设备,其特征在于,设置至少一个其他的桥接电路(11),其转换器(2a,2b,2c,2d)以这样的方式进行安排,使得其沿磁体(2)的移动方向与至少一个桥接电路(10)的转换器(1a,1b,1c,1d)交错安排。
6、根据任何一项上述权利要求的设备,其特征在于,至少一个桥接电路(10,11)的输出信号被转换成二进制信号。
7、根据权利要求1至5之中任何一项权利要求的设备,其特征在于,通过应用反三角函数,将至少两个桥接电路(10,11)的输出信号转换成随磁体(2)的移动而线性改变的信号。
CNB2004800175814A 2003-06-25 2004-06-16 磁场相关角度传感器 Expired - Fee Related CN100520279C (zh)

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