CN1799260A - 根据观看状态确定电视节目记录中节目优先级 - Google Patents
根据观看状态确定电视节目记录中节目优先级 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种电视节目推介***,根据节目在推介单元中的得分对推介节目实施压缩。如果一个节目被高度地推介,则该节目不压缩。然而,如果一个节目的推介不是得分那样高,则在存储节目前作出压缩。这样,可提高更多的存储容量。取决于推介单元得分,压缩率可以变化。
Description
本发明涉及推介和记录电视节目的方法和装置,更具体地,涉及根据推介单元得分对记录的节目进行压缩的方法和装置。
随着电视观众可接收的频道数目大量增加,以及这些频道上可得新的节目内容的多样化,电视观众如何识别和记录感兴趣的电视节目变得愈益困难。此外,由于存储容量有限,很难存储下观众可能感兴趣的全部节目。传统上,电视观众得知感兴趣的电视节目是通过阅读出版的电视节目报。一般地,此类电视节目报刊载有节目单,列出了所安排电视节目的日期、时间、频道和节目栏目等。
近来,提出了多种查阅工具,并可将其应用于推介电视节目。例如,美国加州森尼韦尔市的Tivo公司开发了商用Tivo***,容许用户用“拇指朝上和拇指朝下”来评判节目,借此分别表明用户对节目的喜欢和不喜欢。随后,Tivo接收机可将记录的观众偏爱节目与接收到的诸如电子节目指南(EPG)的节目数据进行匹配,作出适合每位观众的节目推介。于是,Tivo可将推介节目记录于硬盘上,供用户将来观看。
典型地,有两种推介法,隐性式和显性式。隐性式电视节目推介以非强制性的方式根据观众观看历史中导出的信息产生电视节目的推介。图1示明应用通常的隐性式电视节目推介单元60产生观众特征表40。观看历史记录25指明特定观众对每个节目他喜欢或是不喜欢,由此导出隐性式观众特征表40。如图1中所示,隐性式电视节目推介单元60以已知的方式处理观看历史记录25,由此导出包含一组推断规则的隐性式观众特征表40,它可表征观众的偏爱性。因此,隐性式电视节目推介单元基于观众喜欢或不喜欢的节目集来尝试导出用户观看习惯。
另一方面,显性式电视节目推介明确地询问观众关于节目属性的偏爱性,诸如对于节目栏目、风格、演员、频道和日期/时间等,以导出观众特征表,产生推介结果。由Kaushal Kurapati、David J.Schaffer和Srinivas Gutta申请专利的美国专利序列号09/666,401、名称“METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING RECOMMENDATION SCORESUSING IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT VIEWING PREFERENCES”(它引入在此作为参考)中说明一种电视节目推介单元,它根据组合的隐性/显性式节目推介得分产生节目推介结果。因此,该公开的电视节目推介单元将观众显性的观看偏爱与他们的电视观看行为组合起来,以根据显性式推介得分和隐性式推介得分产生节目推介结果。在这个***中,该发明根据显性得分和隐性得分计算组合推介得分。对于这些隐性得分和显性得分可偏重于显性得分,应用加权的线性映射计算其组合推介得分。
那些述及的所有当前的推介单元它们的问题在于,用于记录推介节目的存储空间有限。往往,存储空间不足以存储新推介的节目,这导致需要作出决定,或是删除未观看的记录,或是不记录新推介的节目。因此,需要实施一种方法和装置,能以高效方式利用存储空间。
总体上,说明一种电视推介单元和/或记录方法和装置,其根据推介得分确定应记录的推介节目的压缩程度。由于采用压缩格式以较小的存储空间存储某些节目,这额外地增大存储容量。
通常,本***查看针对具体节目的推介单元得分。如果推介单元得分比如处于99%与100%之间,则该节目以正常模式进行记录。如果具体节目的推介单元得分处于90%与99%之间,则对该节目实施时间压缩。
压缩的实施还取决于推介特征表中的其他变量,诸如用户先前是否观看过该节目,何时并多久前该用户观看该节目,以及同谁观看节目等。
本发明还与音频领域相关,诸如从互联网下载音频内容。***可确定音频的推介单元得分,根据该推介单元得分或是不压缩地记录该音频,或是进行压缩记录。
参考下面的详细说明和附图,可以更全面地理解本发明,并得知本发明更多的特性和优点。
图1示明按照现有技术的隐性推介***。
图2示明按照本发明实施例的推介/记录***。
图3示明按照本发明优选实施例的流程图,它描述在节目推介中的节目推介结果产生过程,以及需要时这些节目的压缩。
图4示明按照本发明的个人视频记录器。
图2示明按照本发明的电视节目推介/存储***50。如图2中所示,电视节目推介单元100借助周知的屏幕显示技术,结合应用比如机顶盒/电视机(未示出)评估电子节目指南(EPG)110中的每一个节目,以对经特定观众感兴趣的节目作出标识。
尽管有许多类型的推介***可应用于本发明,但本发明的说明中述及美国专利申请序列号No.09/666,401内描述的显性/隐性节目推介***。电视节目推介单元100根据组合的显性/隐形节目推介得分产生电视节目推介结果。该推介单元将观众的显性观看偏爱与他们的电视观看行为(隐性偏爱)组合起来,产生节目推介结果。一般地,每一观众对各种节目属性初始地评定他们的偏爱,例如,包括电视节目的观看日期、时间、频道、演员和类别(风格)等属性。在框400内,创建显性的观众特征表。在框500内又产生隐性特征表,并应用于每个节目上。在美国专利申请序列号No.09/666,401中使用本发明,在框600内针对每个节目产生组合推介得分。如果推介得分高于一定的阈值,则在框130中推介该节目。
然后,将节目推介结果传送至阈值比较器和压缩器140上,以确定待记录的节目是否应压缩,和应压缩到什么程度。通过查看节目在框600中所接收的节目推介单元得分,并将该得分与压缩阈值进行比较,由此作出决定。压缩阈值用于确定哪些节目要压缩,压缩到什么程度。阈值或者可由厂家设定,或者可由用户改变。例如,阈值“T”可以为98%,这意味着,节目必须到达与用户特征表内容的98%相匹配。例如,如果推介单元得分大于98%匹配程度,则该节目不压缩地进行记录。另一个阈值可以是89%<T<99%。例如,如果推介单元得分处于90%-98%之间,则节目压缩10%。此外,推介单元得分不一定总是百分数形式。可以理解,能够采用任何形式的推介单元得分并将其与合适的阈值进行比较,然后,选择合适的压缩比。表一示明推介节目的阈值和压缩比的样例。
表一
阈值 | 压缩 |
98%<T89%<T<98%85%<T<89% | 010%15% |
压缩器140可采用任何已知的压缩算法。一种简单的实现压缩的方式是记录时的跳帧。一般地,压缩技术有两种,线性压缩和非线性压缩。线性压缩涉及压缩整个视频流或音频流,而不考虑流内的信息本性。一些实例以预先规定的时间间隔实施线性跳帧,或是以可变帧频呈现帧。丢弃段/帧带来的具体问题是出现不连续性。解决这一问题的办法可以是加上一个窗函数或是平滑滤波器。
非线性压缩涉及在考虑到出现的语义信息情况下压缩视频内容。视频领域内,这往往称为视频浏览。视频浏览有很多种技术,举一个例子,Michael A.Smith and Takeo Kanade,“Video Skimming andCharacterization through the combination of Image andLanguage Understanding Techniques”(Technical Report CMU-CS-97-111,CMU,Pittsburgh,1997)匹兹堡CMU技术报告CMU-CS-97-111中Michael A.Smith和Takeo Kanade的论文“图像和语言理解技术组合的视频浏鉴和表征”。该论文也刊载于1998年“基于内容的图像和视频数据库访问国际专题讨论会”IEEE会刊第61-70页的“M.A.Smith和T.Kanade,通过图像和语言理解技术组合的视频浏览和表征”文章内(M.A.Smith and T.Kanade,“Video Skimmingand Characterization through the combination of Image andLanguage Understanding”(Proc.IEEE International Workshop onContent-Based Access of Image and Video Database,1998,pp.61-70))。
视频浏览中,根据图像和语言理解技术对场景和视频段作出表征。找寻重要的场景,选择关键帧和重要的相关音频,创建一个视频摘要。可以明白,本发明能够应用几乎任何形式的压缩。
除了查看针对节目的推介单元得分之外,还可以考虑是否该节目先前观看过。如果推介单元推介一个节目,而该节目用户已观看过,则本***能够以预定的量值对此种推介的节目进行压缩。这可以在图2中的阈值比较器140内或图3中的660内实现。优选实施例中,此种***是用户可定义的。用户可决定什么类型的节目进行压缩,例如,先前在一个月内观看过的节目可以较大程度地压缩,而在六个月之前观看过的则其压缩小于前者。还可以这样做,推介单元得分本身是在考虑到该节目先前是否观看过情况下导出的。其他可选做法包括存储入谁先前观看过该节目的信息。如果是针对与先前观看过该节目的观众相同的观众的特征表作出推介,则该节目可以压缩。然而,如果是对不同的观众作出推介,则可以不压缩。追踪谁在观看节目的***在以下美国专利申请序列号中已有说明,即Miroslav Trajkovic、YongYan、Antonio Colmenarez和Srinivas Gutta于2000年10月10日提出的专利申请序列号No.09/685,683名称是“基于图像识别的装置控制(Device Control via Image based Recognition)”。
一种追踪先前观看过节目的***说明于Srinivas Gutta在此同时提出的委托备审号No.US030153(ID#703018)名称“取决于电视节目观看状态的推介单元得分转换(TRANSFORMATION OF RECOMMENDERSCORES DEPENDING UPON THE VIEWED STATUS OF TV SHOWS)”内,它是待审批的申请,现引入在此作为参考。
图2上的电视节目推介单元100可以由任何的计算装置实现,诸如个人电脑或工作站,所述计算装置包含诸如中央处理单元(CPU)的处理器115以及诸如RAM和ROM之类的存储器120。此外,电视节目推介单元100可由任何可购得的电视节目推介单元诸如Tivo***实现,或者,实现为1999年12月17日提出的美国专利申请序列号No.09/466,406中说明的电视节目推介单元,专利名称为“应用判决树推介电视节目的方法和装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FORRECOMMENDING TELEVISION PROGRAMMING USING DECISION TREES)”,以及2000年2月4日提出的美国专利申请序列号No.09/498,271中说明的电视节目推介单元,专利名称“Bayesian电视节目推介单元(BAYESIAN TV SHOW RECOMMENDER)”,或是它们的任何组合,并按这样的需要作出修改,以实现本发明的特性和功能。
图3示出按照本发明实施例的推介压缩***的流程图。在步骤610上,得到感兴趣时间段内的EPG。随之,在步骤615上,针对具体观众得到合适的显性观众特征表400和隐性观众特征表500。然后,必要时在步骤620上,节目推介处理进程将显性或隐性观众特征表400、500来的每个属性的数值评分转换到相同个数值标度上。
在步骤630上,对于感兴趣时间段内EPG110中标识的每个节目,由节目推介生成进程从中得到(或计算)显性推介得分和隐性推介得分。然后,在步骤640上,节目推介生成进程对每个节目计算组合的推介得分。组合的推介得分可以有许多形式,可以是诸如-1...1的数值,或是百分数值。在步骤650上,提供推介单元得分。在步骤660上,设定阈值(或已设定的阈值)与推介单元得分进行比较,以确定哪些节目记录和哪些不记录。假定阈值如此设定,以致若推介单元得分为75%或高于此,则具有此种得分的节目予以记录。因而,将推介单元得分与阈值进行比较。如果高于记录该节目所指定的阈值,则必须作出关于压缩量的决定(如果要压缩的话),所述压缩量在实施节目存储时将被使用。或者,阈值比较器660通过将推介单元得分与各种阈值作出比较来确定所用的压缩百分数,又或是由压缩器140使推介单元阈值与不同的压缩方案相关联。然后,根据推介单元得分在140上压缩视频。如果推介单元高度地推介该节目,则不进行压缩或者采用很小的压缩。如果节目未被高度推介,则采用大的压缩率。用户不是颇感兴趣的节目不浪费存储空间,从而能节省记录空间。
同样的技术也可用于音频领域。推介单元可以用于确定,不同的音频节目或音乐听众是否想听。如果此种推介单元的推介得分足够地高到引发该音频的记录,但又不是高到超过阈值而避免压缩,则音频在存储前以某种形式进行压缩。可应用于音频压缩的一种形式为这样的非线性时间压缩,说明于2001年9月30日至10月5日在加拿大安大略省渥太华市召开的2001第9届ACM多媒体国际会议的会刊中,ACM2001第382-391页,Livei He和Anoop Gupter的论文“探索非线性时间压缩的优点(Exploring Benefits of Non-Linear TimeCompression)”。在线性时间压缩方面,语音可以作均匀的时间压缩(例如,每100ms语音可压缩到75ms)。一种非线性时间压缩形式中,去掉语音中的停顿,并实施线性时间压缩。其他形式的非线性时间压缩在本技术领域内也是已知的。
图4示出与电视机700连接的诸如是Tivo的个人录像机(PVR)720。PVR包括推介单元600和压缩器140。Tivo中的“当前放映”屏幕上显示出硬盘内目前存储的全部节目。本场合下是节目A-F。观众选择这些节目中的若干个专门记录(诸如节目A-C)。其他节目是由外有方框的圆示出的推介节目。圆内或者是与压缩比相关的推介单元得分,或者是具体压缩比。例如,如图3中所示,节目D已压缩10%,节目E已压缩15%,而节目F完全不压缩。
另外的实施例中,可应用彩色编码指明压缩百分比,或者,可根据节目的压缩量对节目排序。
虽然,已经示明加阐述本发明的优选实施例所考虑的各方面,当然,可以理解到,在不偏离本发明的精神下可容易地在形式和细节上作出各种修改和变化。所以,本发明预定并不受限于所说明和示例的确切形式,其构建应包罗到处于从属权利要求书范围内的一切修改。
Claims (30)
1.一种用于记录被推介音频和/或视频节目的记录装置,包括:
推介单元,用于推介待记录的节目,并给出推介单元得分;
比较器,用于将推介单元得分与至少一个阈值进行比较,以在存储之前确定对所述节目所采用的压缩量;
压缩器,接收推介单元得分,并根据所述比较器的输出来压缩节目;以及,
存储媒体,用于存储节目。
2.如权利要求1所述的记录装置,其中,压缩为基于时间的压缩。
3.如权利要求1所述的记录装置,其中,通过节目的跳帧实现对视频节目的压缩。
4.如权利要求1所述的记录装置,其中,压缩为线性压缩。
5.如权利要求1所述的记录装置,其中,压缩为非线性压缩。
6.权利要求1的记录装置,进一步包括观众观看历史装置,用于确定节目是否先前已观看过,并且其中,所述压缩器对推介记录的、先前已看过的节目进行压缩。
7.如权利要求6所述的记录装置,其中,观众观看历史装置对先前看过的节目存储其观看日期,并且其中,根据观众上一次观看以来的时间长度对节目实施压缩。
8.如权利要求7所述的记录装置,其中,压缩量可由用户做出规定。
9.如权利要求1所述的记录装置,其中,观众观看历史装置存储观看先前节目的观众的标识,并且其中,根据推介的节目是否针对先前看过该节目的同一观众,压缩器对节目作出相应的压缩。
10.如权利要求1所述的推介单元,其中,对推介阈值作出设定,根据推介得分处于推介阈值周围的何处,采用不同的压缩程度。
11.一种用于推介音频和/或视频节目的推介***,包括:
推介单元,用于推介待记录的节目,并给出待记录的推介节目的推介单元得分;
比较器,用于将推介单元得分与至少一个阈值进行比较,以在存储之前确定对所述节目所采用的压缩量;
压缩器,用于接收推介单元得分,并用于根据该推介单元得分对节目进行压缩。
12.如权利要求11所述的推介***,其中,压缩为基于时间的压缩。
13.如权利要求11所述的推介***,其中,通过节目的跳帧实现对视频节目的压缩。
14.如权利要求11所述的推介***,其中,压缩为线性压缩。
15.如权利要求11所述的推介***,进一步包括观众观看历史装置,用于确定节目是否先前已观看过,并且其中,所述压缩器对推介记录的、先前已看过的节目进行压缩。
16.如权利要求11所述的推介***,其中,观众观看历史装置对先前看过的节目存储其观看日期,并且其中,根据观众上一次观看以来的时间长度对节目实施压缩。
17.如权利要求16所述的推介***,其中,压缩量可由用户做出规定。
18.如权利要求16所述的推介***,其中,应用先前观看所推介节目的日期来确定压缩量。
19.如权利要求15所述的推介***,其中,观众观看历史装置存储观看先前节目的观众的标识,并且其中,根据推介的节目是否针对先前看过该节目的同一观众,压缩器对节目作出相应的压缩。
20.如权利要求11所述的推介***,其中,对推介阈值作出设定,根据推介得分处于推介阈值周围的何处,采用不同的压缩程度。
21.一种用于推介音频和/或视频节目的方法,包括:
推介待记录的节目,并给出待记录的推介节目的推介单元得分;
将推介单元得分与至少一个阈值进行比较,由此,在存储之前确定对所述节目所采用的压缩量;
根据推介单元得分对节目进行压缩。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,在压缩步骤中实现基于时间的压缩。
23.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,在压缩步骤中通过节目的跳帧实现对视频节目的压缩。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,在压缩步骤中实现线性压缩。
25.如权利要求21所述的方法,进一步包括存储观众观看历史的步骤,其存储入节目是否先前看过的信息,并且其中,在压缩步骤中对推介记录的、先前看过的节目进行压缩。
26.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中,在存储观众观看历史的步骤中,存储先前观看节目的日期,并且其中,在压缩步骤中,根据观众上一次观看以来的时间长度对节目实施压缩。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中,在压缩步骤中,压缩用户可规定的压缩量。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中,应用先前观看所推介节目的日期来确定压缩量。
29.如权利要求25所述的方法,其中,在存储观众观看历史的步骤中,存储入观看先前节目的观众的标识,并且其中,在压缩步骤中,根据推介的节目是否针对先前观看过该节目的同一观众,对节目作出相应的压缩。
30.如权利要求21所述的方法,进一步包括设定针对不同压缩程度的推介得分阈值,并根据推介得分处于阈值周围的何处来作出压缩。
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2004
- 2004-05-24 US US10/557,978 patent/US20070033616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-24 CN CNB2004800149453A patent/CN100474922C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-24 WO PCT/IB2004/001775 patent/WO2004107756A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-24 KR KR1020057022953A patent/KR20060022671A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-24 EP EP04734572A patent/EP1634449A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-24 JP JP2006530705A patent/JP2007513535A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009065309A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-05-28 | Shenzhen Coship Electronics Co., Ltd. | Procédé et système de stockage de programme et système de demande de programme |
CN103765417A (zh) * | 2011-09-12 | 2014-04-30 | 英特尔公司 | 视频内容注释和/或推荐的方法和设备 |
CN103765417B (zh) * | 2011-09-12 | 2018-09-11 | 英特尔公司 | 视频内容注释和/或推荐的方法和设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004107756A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1634449A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
US20070033616A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
JP2007513535A (ja) | 2007-05-24 |
KR20060022671A (ko) | 2006-03-10 |
CN100474922C (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
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