CN1790794B - Fuel cell with air temperature adjustment and humidity stabilization device - Google Patents

Fuel cell with air temperature adjustment and humidity stabilization device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1790794B
CN1790794B CN2004100931033A CN200410093103A CN1790794B CN 1790794 B CN1790794 B CN 1790794B CN 2004100931033 A CN2004100931033 A CN 2004100931033A CN 200410093103 A CN200410093103 A CN 200410093103A CN 1790794 B CN1790794 B CN 1790794B
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air
fuel cell
radiating tube
hydrogen
stabilization device
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CN1790794A (en
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胡里清
葛栩栩
龚松涛
李创
郭伟良
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell with air temperature regulation and humidity stabilization device, which comprises: a fuel cell pile, a hydrogen-storage device, a hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, a hydrogen/air humidification device, a hydrogen water-vapor separator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a water tank, a cooling-water circulating pump, a cooling-water heat sink, an air filter, a air compression supply device, and an air temperature regulation and humidity stabilization device between the air humidification device and the air inlet of fuel cell pile. Compared with prior art, this invention avoids the over-humid or over-dry, and improves reliability f fuel cell.

Description

The fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The membrane electrode both sides can electrochemistry will take place with conductive body to be sent out and answers the electronics that generates in the process, draws by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H 2→ 2H ++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O 2+ 2H ++ 2e → H 2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can above metal material pole plate, also can be the pole plate of graphite material.Fluid duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type, fixed Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) again.
When used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell is done car, ship power system or movable type and stationary power generation station, must comprise battery pile, fuel hydrogen supply system, air supply subsystem, cooling heat dissipation subsystem, control and electric energy output various piece automatically.
Fig. 1 is at present typical fuel cell generation, and 1 is fuel cell pack in Fig. 1, and 2 are storage hydrogen bottle or other hydrogen-storing devices, 3 is pressure-reducing valve, and 4 are air filtration worry device, and 5 is the air compression feeding mechanism, 6 is the hydrogen Water-vapor seperator, 6 ' is the air Water-vapor seperator, and 7 is water tank, and 8 is cooling water circulating pump, 9 is cooling water radiator, 10 is the hydrogen circulating pump, and 11 is the hydrogen humidifying device, and 12 is the air humidification device.
According to the at present typical integrated and operation logic of fuel cell generation, must be to hydrogen and air that fuel cell pack is carried through voltage stabilizing and through humidifying device (11,12) after, become humid air, the hydrogen that reaches certain relative humidity and temperature and then enter electrochemical reaction takes place in the fuel cell pack.Otherwise the dry or inadequate air of humidification, when hydrogen is carried to fuel cell pack, excessive air, hydrogen can cause the proton exchange membrane dehydration in core component-membrane electrode in the fuel cell pack, the proton exchange membrane dehydration will cause internal resistance of fuel cell sharply to increase, and runnability sharply descends.
Being applied to the air temperature modification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and the method for moisture stable at present mainly is according to variations such as ambient temperature, fuel cell output current, control temperature, the humidity that enters fuel battery air by the switching time of regulating the humidification turning barrel, the method for humidification motor speed, use the aqueous water in the moisture separator separation of air.
But present technical scheme has following technological deficiency to the air that fuel cell pack is carried through directly entering fuel cell pack generation electrochemical reaction after becoming the humid air that reaches certain relative humidity and temperature behind the humidification:
Owing to be subjected to the influence of external environment, when ambient temperature changes and outside air relative humidity variations greatly the time, under same operating mode varying environment, air themperature of sending from the humidification turning barrel and the humidity controlling value that will depart from objectives, can not guarantee to enter the constant of fuel battery air temperature, humidity, cause the fuel cell operation unstable properties.Therefore the have to variation that allows fuel cell conform by the Control Parameter of revising humidification turning barrel and humidification motor has caused the inconvenience in the control.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of control to have the fuel cell of air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device easily for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen-storing device, the hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, the hydrogen humidifying device, hydrogen water one vapour separator, the hydrogen circulating pump, water tank, cooling water circulating pump, cooling water radiator, air filter, the air compression feeding mechanism, the air humidification device, it is characterized in that, also comprise air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, this air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device are arranged between the air intake of air humidification device and fuel cell pack.
Described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device comprise blower fan, air radiator, steam trap.
The air intake end of described air radiator links to each other with blower fan, and the air outlet slit end of air radiator connects steam trap.
Described air radiator comprises radiating tube, radiator fan.
Described radiating tube comprises the many radiating tubes that are arranged in parallel, and has fin on this radiating tube.
Described radiator fan is positioned at radiating tube upper end or lower end, towards radiating tube air-supply heat radiation.
Described radiator fan can carry out rotating speed or switch adjusting according to the temperature that enters humid air.
Described steam trap is a circular cylindrical cavity, and this cavity bottom is bell mouth shape and collects condensed water, and the cavity top is an air outlet slit, and this steam trap goes out air end with radiating tube and links to each other.
One of described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device form are for comprising blower fan, air radiator, steam trap, described air radiator comprises air intake duct, the air radiating tube, the air escape pipe, radiator fan, described air intake duct, the air escape pipe is located at the two ends and the perpendicular crossing connection of air radiating tube, the air outlet slit end of described air escape pipe is connected with the middle part of the circular cylindrical cavity of steam trap, flow through behind the air radiating tube by the air intake duct leaked-in air, compile the circular cylindrical cavity that flows into steam trap by the air escape pipe, described steam trap upper and lower side all is bell mouth shape, air flows out into fuel cell pack and participates in reaction from cavity top, condensed water is discharged from the cavity bottom.
Described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device form two for comprising blower fan, air radiator, steam trap, described air radiator comprises radiating tube, radiator fan, the air inlet of described radiating tube all intersects vertically with the outlet side and is connected two steam traps, wherein, the steam trap upper end closed that links to each other with the radiating tube inlet end, the lower end is bell mouth shape and collects condensed water, the steam trap upper and lower side that links to each other with the radiating tube outlet side all is bell mouth shape, air flows out into fuel cell pack and participates in reaction from cavity top, condensed water is discharged from the cavity bottom.
Compared with prior art, but the present invention is owing to be provided with the device of an adjustable air temperature and constant humidity to 100% before air enters fuel cell pack participation reaction, simplified system's control, avoided crossing wet or overdrying phenomenon in the fuel cell pack, improved the operation stability of fuel cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 has the structural representation of air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device for another kind of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fuel cell of the present invention.
Among Fig. 4: 1 fuel cell pack, 7 fuel cell cooling water water tanks, 8 cooling water circulating pumps, 9 cooling water radiators, 13 air humidification turning barrels, 14 blower fans, 15 air radiators, 16 steam traps, 17 warm and humid watch-dogs.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
As Fig. 4 and in conjunction with shown in Figure 1, a kind of fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, comprise fuel cell pack 1, hydrogen-storing device 2, hydrogen pressure-reducing valve 3, hydrogen humidifying device 11, air filter 4, air compression feeding mechanism 5, air humidification device 12, hydrogen Water-vapor seperator 6, hydrogen circulating pump 10, air Water-vapor seperator 6 ', water tank 7, cooling water circulating pump 8, cooling water radiator 9, blower fan 14, air radiator 15, steam trap 16, described blower fan 14, air radiator 15 and steam trap 16 are formed air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, and described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device are located between the air intake of air humidification device 12 and fuel cell pack 1.
Described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device comprise blower fan 14, air radiator 15, steam trap 16.The air intake end of air radiator 15 links to each other with blower fan 14, and the air outlet slit end of air radiator connects steam trap 16.Air radiator 15 comprises radiating tube 302, radiator fan 303.Radiating tube comprises the many radiating tubes that are arranged in parallel, and has fin on the radiating tube.Radiator fan 303 is positioned at radiating tube 15 upper ends or lower end, towards radiating tube air-supply heat radiation.The rotating speed of radiator fan 303 can be regulated according to the temperature that enters humid air.Steam trap 305,305 ' is circular cylindrical cavity, and this cavity bottom is bell mouth shape and collects condensed water, and the cavity top is an air outlet slit, and this steam trap 305 goes out air end with radiating tube 15 and links to each other.
Have air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device can have following two kinds of embodiment according to installation site different described:
1. as shown in Figure 2, a kind of air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device of having, comprise air radiator 15, steam trap 16, described air radiator comprises air intake duct 301, air radiating tube 307, air escape pipe 304, radiator fan 303, described air intake duct 301, air escape pipe 307 is located at the two ends and the perpendicular crossing connection of air radiating tube 302, the air outlet slit end of described air escape pipe 307 is connected with the middle part of the circular cylindrical cavity of steam trap 305, flow through behind the air radiating tube 302 by air intake duct 301 leaked-in airs, compile the circular cylindrical cavity that flows into steam trap 305 by air escape pipe 307, described steam trap 305 upper and lower sides all are bell mouth shape, air flows out into fuel cell pack 1 and participates in reaction from cavity top, condensed water is 306 discharges from the cavity bottom.
2. as shown in Figure 3, a kind of air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device of having, comprise air radiator 15, steam trap 16, described air radiator comprises radiating tube 302, radiator fan 303, the air inlet of described radiating tube 302 all intersects vertically with the outlet side and is connected two steam traps 305,305 ', wherein, the steam that links to each other with radiating tube 302 inlet ends separates 305 ' upper end closed, the lower end is bell mouth shape and collects condensed water, steam trap 305 upper and lower sides that link to each other with radiating tube 302 outlet sides all are bell mouth shape, and air flows out into fuel cell pack 1 and participates in reaction from cavity top, and condensed water is 306 discharges from the cavity bottom.

Claims (4)

1. the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, comprise fuel cell pack, hydrogen-storing device, hydrogen pressure-reducing valve, hydrogen humidifying device, hydrogen water one vapour separator, hydrogen circulating pump, water tank, cooling water circulating pump, cooling water radiator, air filter, air compression feeding mechanism, air humidification device, it is characterized in that, also comprise air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device, this air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device are arranged between the air intake of air humidification device and fuel cell pack; Described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device comprise blower fan, air radiator, steam trap; The air intake end of described air radiator links to each other with blower fan, and the air outlet slit end of air radiator connects steam trap;
One of described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device form are: described air radiator comprises air intake duct, the air radiating tube, the air escape pipe, radiator fan, described air intake duct, the air escape pipe is located at the two ends and the perpendicular crossing connection of air radiating tube, the air outlet slit end of described air escape pipe is connected with the middle part of the circular cylindrical cavity of steam trap, flow through behind the air radiating tube by the air intake duct leaked-in air, compile the circular cylindrical cavity that flows into steam trap by the air escape pipe, described steam trap upper and lower side all is bell mouth shape, air flows out into fuel cell pack and participates in reaction from cavity top, condensed water is discharged from the cavity bottom;
Perhaps, two of described air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device form is: described air radiator comprises radiating tube, radiator fan, the air inlet of described radiating tube intersects vertically with the outlet side and is connected two steam traps, wherein, the steam trap upper end closed that links to each other with the radiating tube inlet end, the lower end is bell mouth shape and collects condensed water, the steam trap upper and lower side that links to each other with the radiating tube outlet side all is bell mouth shape, air flows out into fuel cell pack and participates in reaction from cavity top, condensed water is discharged from the cavity bottom.
2. the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiating tube comprises the many radiating tubes that are arranged in parallel, and has fin on this radiating tube.
3. the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiator fan is positioned at radiating tube upper end or lower end, towards radiating tube air-supply heat radiation.
4. the fuel cell that has air temperature modification and humidity stabilization device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described radiator fan carries out rotating speed according to the temperature that enters humid air or switch is regulated.
CN2004100931033A 2004-12-16 2004-12-16 Fuel cell with air temperature adjustment and humidity stabilization device Active CN1790794B (en)

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7811713B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-10-12 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Thermal control of cathode inlet air flow for a fuel cell system
KR101339240B1 (en) * 2011-11-23 2013-12-09 현대자동차 주식회사 Fuel cell system and humidification device of the same
EP3005456B1 (en) 2013-05-24 2019-05-15 Hydrogenics Corporation System and method for controlling voltage of a fuel cell
CN104409750B (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-10-05 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 A kind of fuel cell tail gas blood circulation
CN108232250A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 萍乡北京理工大学高新技术研究院 One proton exchanging film fuel battery air humidity control system and method
CN108448136A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-08-24 清华大学 A kind of air gas supply humidification ICS intercooler system for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
CN109273742B (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-06-09 德州新动能铁塔发电有限公司 Air supply system of methanol-water reforming hydrogen production fuel cell

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1534817A (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-06 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 Liquid cooling type fuel battery system
CN2758990Y (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-02-15 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell with air temp. regulating and humidity stabilizer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1534817A (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-06 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 Liquid cooling type fuel battery system
CN2758990Y (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-02-15 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell with air temp. regulating and humidity stabilizer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
JP特开2002-373686A 2002.12.26

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