CN1785538A - Method of treating arsenic pollution of solid or water - Google Patents

Method of treating arsenic pollution of solid or water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1785538A
CN1785538A CN 200510100644 CN200510100644A CN1785538A CN 1785538 A CN1785538 A CN 1785538A CN 200510100644 CN200510100644 CN 200510100644 CN 200510100644 A CN200510100644 A CN 200510100644A CN 1785538 A CN1785538 A CN 1785538A
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China
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soil
water body
plant
hieron
fauriei
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CN 200510100644
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Chinese (zh)
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王宏斌
叶志鸿
蓝崇钰
束文圣
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Abstract

A method for controlling the pollution of As to soil and water features that the pteridophytes able to collect As, such as Pteris oshimensis, P. fauriei, P. aspericaulis and P. multifida, are planted in the soil or water to be controlled for absorbing the As from soil and water, and their plant stems on the ground are periodically harvested.

Description

A kind of method of administering soil or water body arsenic contamination
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environmental pollution treatment technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing plant in treating soil or water body arsenic contamination.
Background technology
Owing to the arsenic contamination that arsenic compound production, arsenic-containing ores smelting and combustion of fossil fuel cause, had influence on the environmental quality of soil, water body and air.According to estimates, the whole world is annual artificially reaches 28400-94000t to the As of soil discharging amount.In the seventies in 20th century, the As that is produced about 80% is used for agricultural production (Insecticides (tech) ﹠ Herbicides (tech) etc.); At present, agriculture arsenic consumption reduces just day by day, but the production that nearly 97% As output enters finished product with the form of white arsenic, and remaining 3% is used for the particularly manufacturing of cupro lead of metallurgical addition agent.
Arsenic and compound thereof are well-known " three cause material ", i.e. teratogenesis, carcinogenic and mutagenesis.It is reported, arsenic poisoning incident China once took place 30 in the period of 1956-1984 surplus, the public hazard incident that arsenic causes happens occasionally.Therefore, the improvement of As polluted soil arouses extensive attention at home and abroad day by day.
Current, administer the alternative method of heavy metal pollution of soil and mainly contain physics and chemistry repairing method and biological restoration method.
The physics and chemistry repairing method is if any soil moved in to improve the original (soil removal and replacement) method, the precipitation method, elution method, electrochemical process, magnetization method etc.These physics or chemical method respectively have its advantage, and cost is high, quantities more greatly, easily causes secondary pollution problems but all exist.
Bioanalysis has two kinds of microorganism and plant restoration methods.The local success that microorganism is repaired only is confined to the degraded of some organic pollutions, is not effective handling heavy metal-polluted catching.Phytoremediation is the green recovery technique of a kind of emerging heavy metal pollution original position, as the plant extract technology of one of its core technology, has developed into the research and application focus of environmental science, and causes the great attention of government, academia and business circles.
From current domestic and international plant extract technical research and practice progress, remaining is also needing to solve following problem: the research of (1) arsenic super enriching plant is ground zero, and the plant variety of alternative energy (surpassing) enrichment arsenic is less; (2) super enriching plant of recommended preferential use, general biomass is on the low side, and the overall removal efficient of heavy metal is lower, also has problems such as strange land climatic adaptation simultaneously; (3) bioavailability of heavy metals has much room for improvement in the contaminated soil; (4) from should being used for, the phytoremediation technology of developed country part has dropped into practical application, and has obtained environment, economic and social benefit preferably, and China still is in the starting stage, and correlation technique also is in laboratory or pilot scale stage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of method of utilizing plant in treating soil or water body arsenic contamination at present soil or the serious problem of water body arsenic contamination.
The present invention utilizes oblique plumage brake fern (Pteris oshimensis), Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron (P.fauriei), in purple axle brake fern (P.aspericaulis) and the tooth wing curb limit grass (P.multifida f.serrulata Miau) one or more, arsenic in continuous extraction and activating soil or the water body, upwards be transported to overground part simultaneously, treat that overground part forms certain biomass, the periodical reaping overground part, then can extract continuously, shift a large amount of arsenic in soil or the water body continuously, thereby remove soil or water body arsenic contamination through certain extracting cycle, or the arsenic content in soil or the water body is reduced to the scope that environmental standard allows.
The used oblique plumage brake fern of arsenic hyperaccumulation plant of the present invention, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and tooth wing curb limit grass are respectively in ground self-sows such as Guangdong spring, Binyang, Guangxi, Dali and Guangdong Ru Yuan, more distribution.These four kinds of plants are Pteridaceae Pteris plant, and its taxology feature is as follows:
(1) oblique plumage brake fern (Pteris oshimensis): the high 50-80 of plant centimetre, root-like stock is short and upright, and leafage gives birth to; The blade Long Circle, long 30-40 centimetre, the wide 10-18 in middle part centimetre, two times dark plumage splits; The adnation accessory pinna is to life, and the utmost point obliquely or obliquely.Pinna rachis is smooth, and longitudinal furrow is arranged above, on the straight hem on ditch side the needle-like lunge is arranged, and minority needle-like thorn or stingless is arranged above the master pulse.Vein is obvious, from the above y-bend of base portion, and tiltedly exhibition.The leaf herbaceous stem is done back dirty-green or brown-green, does not have hair.
(2) Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron (P.fauriei): the high 50-90 of plant centimetre, root-like stock is short and tiltedly living, and leafage gives birth to; Blade is avette to ovum shape triangle, and long 25-45 centimetre, wide 17-24 (30) centimetre, two times dark plumage splits; The adnation accessory pinna is tiltedly opened up, occasionally slightly obliquely.Swell below the pinna rachis, the straw look, smooth, narrow longitudinal furrow is arranged above, there is the flat thorn of needle-like the ditch both sides, and the minority spinule is arranged above the master pulse of sliver.The lateral vein two sides is all obvious, tiltedly exhibition, and from the above y-bend of base portion, sliver base portion downside one arteries and veins comes from pinna rachis, and upside one arteries and veins comes from the master pulse base portion.Papery behind the Ye Gan, light green color do not have hair to brown-green.
(3) purple axle brake fern (P.aspericaulis): the high 1-1.5 rice of plant, root-like stock is short and tiltedly living, and leafage gives birth to; Handle is isometric with blade approximately, and how many thick 4-5 millimeters is decorated with lilac together with rachis, pinna rachis, limb or indusium; The oval shape of blade is avette, and long 50-80 centimetre, wide 20-25 centimetre, two times dark plumages split or three times dark plumages of base portion split; The adnation accessory pinna is tiltedly opened up life.Swell below the pinna rachis, smooth, narrow longitudinal furrow is arranged above, ditch both sides spinosity.The lateral vein two sides is all obvious, tiltedly exhibition, and from the base portion y-bend, sliver base portion downside one arteries and veins comes from pinna rachis, and two outside diagonals of scun that base portion is relative reach incises top limb.The nearly keratin of Ye Ganhou, celadon, the edge often is a lilac, does not have hair.
(4) tooth wing curb limit grass (P.multifida f.serrulata Miau): the high 30-45 of plant centimetre, root-like stock is short and upright; Leaf two types, majority, close and cluster, herbaceous stem does not have hair; Petiole straw look or band brown; The fertile frond length of a film is avette, and is long 20~45 centimetres, wide 15~25 centimetres, pinniform, but the bottom accessory pinna has the handle except that base portion is a pair of often two to trident, other each to the base portion lower edge, form the narrow wing of tool pointed tooth in the rachis both sides; Accessory pinna or pinnule bar shaped, wide 3~7 centimetres, the top is point gradually, and is sterile, and serration is arranged, and is downwards full edge; The accessory pinna of sterile frond or pinnule broad, edge have irregular sharp sawtooth.All swell on the master pulse two sides, the straw look, and lateral vein is obvious, and is sparse, single or bifurcated.
The method of improvement soil of the present invention or water body arsenic contamination is to utilize in the oblique plumage brake fern of plant, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass one or more to plant in soil or water body to be administered, and extracts the arsenic in soil or the water body continuously.
The invention described above method generally comprises following concrete steps:
(1) control soil or water body pH to be administered is that faintly acid is to neutral;
(2) one or more in the oblique plumage brake fern of plantation, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass in soil to be administered or water body; The support that plant is grown in water body is treated to: plant is implanted floating bed, and root directly contacts with polluted-water by the aperture that bores system on the floating bed, and growth adds sponge or absorbent cotton firm plant in aperture in earlier stage;
(3) overground part of continuous plant that periodical reaping is planted reaches safety standard up to soil or water body arsenic content.
According to the method for the invention described above, described step (1) can be by mugineic acid fertilizer or alkaline fertilizer or lime is controlled soil to be administered or water body is that faintly acid is to neutral (being generally pH 6.5~7.5).
According to the method for the invention described above, the continuous periodical reaping of described step (3) is harvesting in year 2-3 time, and toothing is 3~5 centimetres when gathering in the overground part of plant.Allow plant grow continuously, gather in its overground part continuously, reach safety standard up to soil or water body arsenic content.The overground part of harvesting can be unified to handle, as in security landfill of garbage loading embeading district or burning.
According to the method for the invention described above, describedly be used for implanting the oblique plumage brake fern of waiting to administer soil or water body, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern: the direct wild plant of transplanting or/and tooth wing curb limit grass can be; Or by spore germination, the greenhouse cultivation seedling grows to the plant in 10~15 centimetres or 3~4 weeks of growing.The breeding condition of described spore germination is generally: with the ripe spore of above-mentioned plant, evenly be sowed at and sieve and steam on the leaf mould of frying, preserve moisture and put shady place, daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, air humidity 60~80%; The breeding condition of described greenhouse cultivation seedling is generally: daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, air humidity 60~80%.
Blade, petiole and the root of the used oblique plumage brake fern of the present invention, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and tooth wing curb limit grass all have bigger enriching quantity to arsenic, with the enriching quantity maximum of blade to arsenic.For example: under field conditions (factors), tiltedly the average arsenic content of plumage brake fern blade, petiole and root is respectively 789 ± 499,115 ± 95 and 53 ± 39mg/kg (dry weight); The average arsenic content of Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron blade, petiole and root is respectively 1362 ± 169,456 ± 67 and 190 ± 25mg/kg (dry weight).
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention four kinds of plants of using have super accumulation ability to arsenic, are used to administer soil or water body arsenic contamination, have that cost is low, the remediation efficiency advantages of higher, and potential economic benefit is considerable;
2. the present invention four kinds of plants of using, well developed root system, it is vigorous grow, breeds easily.Except that the grass of tooth wing curb limit, all the other 3 kinds of plants all have than the mcroorganism amount, are suitable for the phytoremediation of As polluted soil or water body;
3. the present invention has set up the continuous extraction pattern of a cover, has simplified the program of rehabilitating soil or water body arsenic contamination, applies easily;
4. the reparation pattern of the present invention's foundation is green original position reparation, the overground part of being gathered in the crops is concentrated security landfill or burning, can not cause secondary pollution, repair process simultaneously and can not destroy soil or water ecosystem, and help to improve the soil that soil or water body cause because of heavy metal pollution or water body is degenerated and productivity descends, recover also raising soil or water body bio-diversity.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the As polluted soil repairing test
Oblique plumage brake fern, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass seedling that transplant in the field are cultivated in the normal soil in greenhouse, relative air humidity 60~80%, daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, treat growth of seedling to 6~10 centimetre, being transplanted into As polluted soil, is 200mg/kg for examination arsenic in soil content, N: P 2O 5: K 2O=0.15: 0.10: the 0.15g/kg dry ground, regulate pH to 6.5~7.5.Grow and gathered in the crops overground part, 3~5 centimetres of toothings in 3 months.The for the first time oblique plumage brake fern of results, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and tooth wing curb limit grass, blade arsenic content is respectively 1335,3224,4036 and 3634mg/kg (dry weight) after measured; Four kinds of plants grow, extract continuously arsenic in soil continuously, gather in its overground part continuously, and the arsenic content in the soil constantly reduces, until normal level.
Embodiment 2: the arsenic polluted water body repairing test
Oblique plumage brake fern, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass seedling that transplant in the field are cultivated in the normal soil in greenhouse, relative air humidity 60~80%, daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, treat growth of seedling to 6~10 centimetre, plant transplanting is gone into floating bed, and root directly contacts with polluted-water by the aperture that bores system on the floating bed, and growth adds sponge or absorbent cotton firm plant in aperture in earlier stage.For the body arsenic content that tries the water is 100mg/kg, regulates pH to 6.5~7.5.Two months results overground parts of growing, for the first time oblique plumage brake fern of results, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and tooth wing curb limit grass, blade arsenic content is respectively 1021,2864,3842 and 3082mg/kg (dry weight) after measured; Four kinds of plants grow, extract continuously the arsenic in the water body continuously, gather in its overground part continuously, and the arsenic content in the water body constantly reduces, until normal level.

Claims (6)

1. method of administering soil or water body arsenic contamination, it is characterized in that utilizing in the oblique plumage brake fern of plant, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass one or more to plant in soil or water body to be administered, extract the arsenic in soil or the water body continuously.
2. the method for improvement soil as claimed in claim 1 or water body arsenic contamination is characterized in that specifically comprising the steps:
(1) control soil or water body pH to be administered is that faintly acid is to neutral;
(2) one or more in the oblique plumage brake fern of plantation, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern and the tooth wing curb limit grass in soil to be administered or water body; The support that plant is grown in water body is treated to: plant is implanted floating bed, and root directly contacts with polluted-water by the aperture that bores system on the floating bed, and growth adds sponge or absorbent cotton firm plant in aperture in earlier stage;
(3) overground part of continuous plant that periodical reaping is planted reaches safety standard up to soil or water body arsenic content.
3. the method for improvement soil as claimed in claim 2 or water body arsenic contamination is characterized in that described step (1) is by mugineic acid fertilizer or alkaline fertilizer or lime is controlled soil to be administered or water body is that faintly acid is to neutral.
4. the method for improvement soil as claimed in claim 2 or water body arsenic contamination is characterized in that the described continuous periodical reaping of step (3) is harvesting in year 2-3 time, and toothing is 3~5 centimetres when gathering in the overground part of plant.
5. as the method for described improvement soil of one of claim 1-4 or water body arsenic contamination, it is characterized in that describedly being used for implanting the oblique plumage brake fern of waiting to administer soil or water body, Pteris fauriei Heirom-P. Fauriei Hieron. Var. minor Hieron, purple axle brake fern: the direct wild plant of transplanting or/and tooth wing curb limit grass is; Or by spore germination, the greenhouse cultivation seedling grows to the plant in 10~15 centimetres or 3~4 weeks of growing.
6. the method for improvement soil as claimed in claim 5 or water body arsenic contamination, the breeding condition that it is characterized in that described spore germination is: with the ripe spore of above-mentioned plant, evenly be sowed at and sieve and steam on the leaf mould of frying, preserve moisture and put shady place, daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, air humidity 60~80%; The breeding condition of described greenhouse cultivation seedling is: daytime, temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, temperature was 10~15 ℃, air humidity 60~80%.
CN 200510100644 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 Method of treating arsenic pollution of solid or water Pending CN1785538A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101362145B (en) * 2008-09-12 2011-02-09 中山大学 Chemical leaching repairing method for heavy metal contaminated soil
CN104588406A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-05-06 湖南省农业经济和农业区划研究所 Device and method for controlling heavy metals in soil
CN107838183A (en) * 2017-10-30 2018-03-27 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 A kind of method for repairing antimony pollution soil
CN110340139A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-18 河南省水利勘测有限公司 Heavy-metal contaminated soil ecological restoring method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101362145B (en) * 2008-09-12 2011-02-09 中山大学 Chemical leaching repairing method for heavy metal contaminated soil
CN104588406A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-05-06 湖南省农业经济和农业区划研究所 Device and method for controlling heavy metals in soil
CN107838183A (en) * 2017-10-30 2018-03-27 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 A kind of method for repairing antimony pollution soil
CN107838183B (en) * 2017-10-30 2020-08-07 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 Method for repairing antimony-polluted soil
CN110340139A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-18 河南省水利勘测有限公司 Heavy-metal contaminated soil ecological restoring method

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