CN1780044A - Microwave switch and power amplifier thermal back-up, its mutual system and realization thereof - Google Patents
Microwave switch and power amplifier thermal back-up, its mutual system and realization thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1780044A CN1780044A CN 200410052278 CN200410052278A CN1780044A CN 1780044 A CN1780044 A CN 1780044A CN 200410052278 CN200410052278 CN 200410052278 CN 200410052278 A CN200410052278 A CN 200410052278A CN 1780044 A CN1780044 A CN 1780044A
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Abstract
A single-pole double-throw microwave switch for RF or microwave system is composed of multiple transmission lines and multiple switch devices, which are connected by a certain topological structure. Its functions include signal switching, and power distributing and merging. It can also be used for the hot standby system of the RF power amplifiers for N sectors which have a shared standby power amplifier. If a power amplifier for some sector is failed, it can be replaced by said standby power amplifier.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) structure that has power division in the communication apparatus and close the road function; And N+1 Hot Spare and help each other system and its implementation of in wireless access and microwave system, adopting the radio-frequency power amplifier of this structure microwave switch realization.
Background technology
The microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is widely used in carrying out the switching of signal in radio frequency system or the microwave system.Power splitter also is used widely in radio system, and a certain input power is assigned in each branch circuit according to a certain percentage, perhaps is used for power conversely and closes the road.In low-frequency channel, because wavelength is much larger than transmission line or component size, belong to lumped circuit, any moment, each point current potential on the transmission line equates everywhere, but in microwave regime, along with wavelength decreases to the degree comparable with length of transmission line, the characteristic of transmission line is just different fully, and the current potential on the transmission line is not to equate everywhere.For example, the transmission line of 25% wavelength is an important element with distributed parameters at microwave circuit.As shown in Figure 1, port one is a main signal path to the transmission between the port two, if there is the transmission line of one section 25% wavelength also to be connected on this section main signal path, and other end short circuit, the transmission line that is equivalent to this section 25% wavelength is to not effect of microwave signal, though transmission-wire terminal is the shorted to earth point, the place of 25% wavelength of being separated by on transmission line just must be an open circuit point over the ground.Different with low-frequency channel, in Fig. 1, microwave signal can not gone to earth point and disappear, and can only be transferred to port two smoothly from port one, can be transferred to port one smoothly from port two yet.
Utilize this feature of transmission line, earth point is changed into switch, just become microwave switch circuit.As shown in Figure 2, the transmission line that microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) commonly used is Z0 by three sections characteristic impedances is star connection, links together, and when switching device SW1 closure, when SW2 disconnects, port one is communicated with port three; When the SW1 disconnection, when SW2 is closed, port one is communicated with port two, and switching device SW1, SW2 can adopt the Microwave PIN diode.This shows that when port one input microwave signal, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) has only two states, a kind of state is that port two has signal, port three no signals, and another kind of state is that port three has signal, port two no signals.If thinking according to low-frequency channel, when SW2, SW3 disconnect simultaneously, the signal of port one can arrive port two, also can arrive port three, but the sort circuit state has very big shortcoming: the A point " junctions " in Fig. 2 is located, impedance is discontinuous, microwave signal from the inside transmission of arbitrary port, there is reflected signal in the capital to input, and can calculate in theory, the return loss of arbitrary port all is-9.5dB that this index is too poor, and the general requirement of the return loss index of conventional microwave equipment is to be better than at least-18dB, does not therefore have practical value.Clearly, the power division of this single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) can not be applied to the amplifier Hot Spare and help each other system with to close the road function very poor.
Also have in the prior art and a kind ofly be combined into a kind of topological structure with microwave electron switch chip or microwave relay, power splitter, can realize microwave signal switching, signal shunt with close the road function, but the circuit complexity uses device many, thereby causes reliability decrease, cost to rise.
Radio-frequency power amplifier is widely used in wireless access and the microwave system, carry out the amplification of signal, it in system an important components, insert in the multicarrier system at cdma wireless, if the power amplifier of certain sector has fault, the cellphone subscriber of this sector does not just get through phone, will the service quality of mobile communication carrier be had a negative impact, so cdma wireless access multicarrier system has proposed very high requirement to the stability and the reliability of power amplifier.But power amplifier is operated in big electric current, high-voltage state, and thermal environment is also bad, easily goes wrong.So want the Hot Spare technology of developed horse power amplifier, to improve stability.
Be example all below with three sectors.As shown in Figure 3, conventional technology is that each sector all has at least one power amplifier, and any one power amplifier all is the input signal that only amplifies this sector, and irrelevant with other sector signals, it doesn't matter between the power amplifier, isolates mutually.The input signal of IN1 arrives the antenna feeder S1 of certain sector after power amplifier PA1 amplifies, the input signal of IN2 arrives S2 after power amplifier PA2 amplifies, same, and the input signal of IN3 arrives S3 after power amplifier PA3 amplifies.If PA1 damages, then this sector no signal output, all terminal mobile subscribers of this sector can't connecting system.Can damage the prestige of mobile operator like this, the prestige to equipment manufacturers has adverse influence equally.The scheme of the no Hot Spare of this routine and the device of helping each other requires power amplifier that very high reliability is arranged.
At present, a kind of power amplifier Hot Spare is arranged and help each other technical scheme, as shown in Figure 4.This technical scheme has adopted 3dB electric bridge coupler hybrid matrix, and (is the example explanation with 4 * 4 matrixes) is made up of preceding hybrid matrix, power amplifier matrix, back hybrid matrix.Different with the technical scheme of helping each other with traditional no Hot Spare is that any one power amplifier in the power amplifier matrix all amplifies the input signal of three sectors jointly.Preceding hybrid matrix plays by-passing, and back hybrid matrix works the road effect of closing.Its operation principle is as follows: input signal IN1 is divided into the signal that four tunnel amplitudes equate, phase place respectively differs 90 degree in order through preceding hybrid matrix, arrives the input of four power amplifiers respectively.Four road signals are input to the back hybrid matrix with spline structure again through after amplifying, and synthesize one road signal, arrive the antenna feeder S1 of sector 1.Owing to there is the relation of phase difference 90 degree in order between each road signal, in the ideal case, the signal of IN1 through along separate routes, amplify, close the road after, can signal can not arranged on build-out resistor in antenna feeder S2, the output of S3 port yet.Same reason, the input signal of IN2 can be at other port output signals only in S2 end output signal; And the input signal of IN3 is only held output signal at S3, can be at other port output signal.
Compare with the scheme of mutual-aid function with traditional no Hot Spare, if this programme is not considered the loss of co-shunt, the signal power that every in theory sector outputs to antenna feeder all can improve 1.23dB.
Adopt technique scheme, after wherein any one power amplifier lost efficacy, three remaining power amplifiers are operate as normal still, after the input signal of IN1 amplifies through this system, can arrive the antenna feeder S1 of sector 1.IN2, IN3 input signal arrive S2, S3 too respectively.The cellphone subscriber of three sectors can both connecting system, can not appear in the routine techniques scheme, and the situation that all cellphone subscribers of certain sector can't connecting system can realize the Hot Spare of power amplifier and helps each other.
But, because at preceding hybrid matrix along separate routes the time, require every road signal to be divided into all that four tunnel amplitudes equate, signals of each 90 degree of phase phasic difference, mixed signal is when the back hybrid matrix closes the road like this, it only is the signal of offsetting non-this sector by the relation of amplitude between signal and phase difference, therefore very high to the requirement of signal amplitude and phase place, following factor all can cause offsetting thorough and crosstalk phenomenon between the sector takes place, and causes the sector isolation degree to descend.This is a fatal defective, so there is not large-scale promotion to come.Amplitude during influence deciliter road and phase relation and cause offsetting halfway factor and have:
1, the reason in the design and processes processing, the degree of coupling of 3dB electric bridge coupler is not desirable 3dB.
Even 2 desirable 3dB electric bridge couplers also only just meet phase place and degree of coupling requirement in center frequency points simultaneously, the off-center frequency, amplitude and phase difference in theory just can not meet the requirements simultaneously.
If 3, the electrical length of A1, the A2 in the preceding hybrid matrix, A3, four sections transmission lines of A4 is inconsistent, can cause the phase difference that adds.
4, the electrical length of transmission line B1, the B2 between hybrid matrix and power amplifier, B3, B4 is inconsistent before the connection, can cause the phase difference that adds.
5, the electrical length of transmission line C1, the C2 between connection back hybrid matrix and power amplifier, C3, C4 is inconsistent, can cause the phase difference that adds.
6, the electrical length of D1, the D2 in the hybrid matrix of back, D3, four sections transmission lines of D4 is inconsistent, can cause the phase difference that adds.
7, the characteristic between power amplifier PA1, PA2, PA3, the PA4 is inconsistent, mainly is gain and phase difference, and this requirement is very high.Power amplifier must generally require gain inequality in 0.5dB through the strict pairing of selecting, and phase difference is in 5 degree.
This shows, this technical scheme is high to technology and device coherence request, be close to harshness, otherwise the isolation between the sector is difficult to accomplish 25dB, and this index has not satisfied the protocol requirement of cdma system, does not satisfy the adjacent interference requirement frequently under the special section configuration condition more far away.With the exception of this, when system in commercial process, when needing to change one of them power amplifier, the power amplifier gain that then will find and change and the on all four power amplifier of phase place are, generally to find the same batch products of same producer, perhaps, four power amplifiers all will be replaced with simultaneously through selecting pairing, and the interchangeability difference of device has also limited the popularization and the employing of this scheme.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) topological structure is provided, and the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this structure had both had the signal handoff functionality, can realize power division again and close the road function, and circuit is simple, practical.
Another object of the present invention is: utilize microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of the present invention to realize the Hot Spare and the mutual-aid function of N sector radio-frequency power amplifier, and accomplish isolation height between the sector, simultaneously low to device coherence requests such as power amplifier and transmission lines again, satisfy actual user demand.
Another purpose of the present invention is: provide a kind of and utilize microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of the present invention to realize the Hot Spare of N sector radio-frequency power amplifier and the method for helping each other.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted to be:
A kind of have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, comprises multistage transmission line and a plurality of switching device; First end of first end of the 4th transmission line and first transmission line and second transmission line is connected to each other, and forms to close road port; And first end of second end of the 4th transmission line and the 6th transmission line and the 7th transmission line is connected to each other, and is connected the 3rd switching device between its intersection and the ground;
First end of the 3rd transmission line is connected with second end of first transmission line, and is connected first switching device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 3rd transmission line and second end of described the 6th transmission line join, and form first fen road port;
First end of the 5th transmission line is connected with second end of second transmission line, and is connected the second switch device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 5th transmission line and second end of described the 7th transmission line join, and form second fen road port.
Described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein: described transmission line is 25% wavelength line; Described first and second, the characteristic impedance of the 3rd, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th transmission line is Z0, and the characteristic impedance of described the 4th transmission line is
Described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein: described switching device adopts PIN diode.
Another kind has power division and closes the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, comprises multistage transmission line and a plurality of switching device; First end of first transmission line and second transmission line, the 4th transmission line and the 4th ' first end of transmission line is connected to each other, forms and close road port; Second end of the 4th transmission line and first end of the 6th transmission line join, and are connected the 3rd switching device between its intersection and the ground; The 4th ' first end of second end of transmission line and the 7th transmission line joins, and is connected the 4th switching device between its intersection and the ground; And second end and the 4th of the 4th transmission line ' be connected a build-out resistor between second end of transmission line;
First end of the 3rd transmission line is connected with second end of first transmission line, and is connected first switching device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 3rd transmission line and second end of described the 6th transmission line join, and form first fen road port;
First end of the 5th transmission line is connected with second end of second transmission line, and is connected the second switch device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 5th transmission line and second end of described the 7th transmission line join, and form second fen road port.
Above-mentioned microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein: described transmission line is 25% wavelength line; Described first and second, the characteristic impedance of the 3rd, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th transmission line is Z0, and the described the 4th and the 4th ' characteristic impedance of transmission line is
The resistance of described build-out resistor is 2Z0.
Above-mentioned microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), wherein: described switching device adopts PIN diode.
Adopt the Hot Spare and the system that helps each other of the radio-frequency power amplifier of first kind of described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization, comprise N power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; Comprise that also N is to having power division and closing the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; Each described power amplifier input and first fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) join, and first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in output and a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And
Preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) close the input that road port is a microwave signal; The road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected with antenna-feedback system; And
Second fen road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Second fen road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
Adopt the Hot Spare and the system that helps each other of the radio-frequency power amplifier of second kind of described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization, comprise N power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; It is characterized in that: comprise that also N is to having power division and closing the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; Each described power amplifier input and first fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) join, and first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in output and a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And
Preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) close the input that road port is a microwave signal; The road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) connects antenna-feedback system; And
Second fen road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Second fen road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
Adopt the Hot Spare and the device of helping each other of the radio-frequency power amplifier of first kind of described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization, comprise a power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; Also comprise and a pair ofly have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; First fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier input join, the input of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes the input that road port is a microwave signal; And first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier output join, the output of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes road port and connects antenna-feedback system.
Adopt the Hot Spare and the device of helping each other of the radio-frequency power amplifier of second kind of described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization, comprise a power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; Also comprise and a pair ofly have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; First fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier input join, the input of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes the input that road port is a microwave signal; And first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier output join, the output of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes road port and connects antenna-feedback system.
A kind of method of N+1 Hot Spare of radio-frequency power amplifier, N the sector that is used for wireless access and microwave system, each sector comprise that an identical main power amplifier and a pair of and main power amplifier are connected the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that has power division and close the road function; Also comprise a backup power amplifier that each sector is shared; Described method comprises the steps:
One fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the input of the described main power amplifier of A, each sector and a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins, and one fen road port of output and rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And input signal inserts from the road port that closes of preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and the road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected with antenna-feedback system; And another minute road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Another minute road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
B, the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of each sector is set, makes the power amplifier of each sector be in normal operating conditions;
C, when the described power amplifier of a certain sector breaks down, switch the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this sector, make described backup power amplifier replace described fault power amplifier;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
Described method, wherein: the described described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that each sector is set of step B comprises that also described backup power amplifier is in does not work or holding state;
Described method, wherein: the described described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that each sector is set of step B, also comprise making the help each other device of described backup power amplifier as a certain sector, be in normal operating conditions.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of the present invention has signal switching and power division and power and closes the road function, has widened the environment for use of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT); Owing to adopted the described very ingenious and transmission line topological structure of simplifying of technical scheme, circuit is simple, technical maturity, cost are low, be easy to realize, and make the impedance matching property of port good, port areflexia signal, therefore have very strong practicality, can be applied to the amplifier Hot Spare and help each other system.
Another effect of the present invention is, because all there is a power amplifier each sector in the described Hot Spare and the system that helps each other, and the power amplifier that also has a backup in the system, to be that system is common do not belong to any sector with this backup power amplifier, therefore, when one of them power amplifier broke down, the power amplifier of backup substituted out of order power amplifier work immediately and realizes backup functionality under the situation of shutting down that do not have a power failure; And under normal circumstances, the power amplifier of this backup also can be used for any one sector, and the power amplifier concurrent working with this sector realizes helping each other, and can make the power output of this sector increase 3dB.Because any one in N power amplifier, all only amplify the signal of a sector, so adopt this system, the isolation between the sector and the consistency of power amplifier are irrelevant, under the normal condition, isolation can be accomplished more than the 30dB between the sector, and this is that prior art 3dB electric bridge coupler matrix solution is not accomplished.This technical scheme is not high to the coherence request of devices such as power amplifier simultaneously, though power amplifier is also chosen pairing, matching request is very loose, and does not influence the sector isolation degree, and is only influential to the synthetic power gain under the situation of helping each other.Have the interchangeability between very high sector isolation degree and good device, make heat backup device of the present invention have very high actual use value, be easier in communication equipment, promote and adopt.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 25% wavelength transmission line of terminal shorted to earth
Fig. 2 is conventional microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) topological structure
Fig. 3 is the no Hot Spare of routine and three sector power amplifiers of mutual-aid function
The Hot Spare and the scheme of helping each other that Fig. 4 forms for 3dB electric bridge coupler hybrid matrix
Fig. 5 is first kind to have power division and closes the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) topological structure of road function
Fig. 6 is the topological structure of power splitter
Fig. 7 is second kind to have power division and closes the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) topological structure of road function
Fig. 8 is first kind of power amplifier 3+1 of the present invention Hot Spare and the system configuration signal of helping each other
Fig. 9 is first kind of power amplifier 1+1 hot backup of the present invention and the apparatus structure of helping each other signal
Figure 10 is second kind of power amplifier 1+1 hot backup of the present invention and the apparatus structure of helping each other signal
Figure 11 is second kind of power amplifier 3+1 of the present invention Hot Spare and the system configuration signal of helping each other
Embodiment
With embodiment the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below:
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, is made of seven sections transmission lines and three switching devices; The length of described seven sections transmission lines is 25% wavelength transmission line, is connected to each other, and constitutes " day " font; And every section transmission line can both constitute microwave switch with certain switching device; Its topological structure form is: first end of first end of the 4th transmission line D and the first transmission line A and the second transmission line B is connected to each other, and forms to close road port; And first end of second end of the 4th transmission line D and the 6th transmission line F and the 7th transmission line G is connected to each other, and is connected the 3rd switching device SW3 between its intersection and the ground; First end of the 3rd transmission line C is connected with second end of the first transmission line A, and is connected the first switching device SW1 between its intersection and the ground; Second end of second end of the 3rd transmission line C and described the 6th transmission line F joins, and forms to divide road port one; First end of the 5th transmission line E is connected with second end of the second transmission line B, and is connected second switch device SW2 between its intersection and the ground; Second end of second end of the 5th transmission line E and described the 7th transmission line G joins, and forms to divide road port two.
In the said structure, the characteristic impedance of transmission line A, B, C, E, F, G is Z0, and the characteristic impedance of transmission line D is
When closing road port and import a microwave signal, the operating state of the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of said structure and realize that signal switches and function is as follows along separate routes:
State one: SW1 disconnection, SW2 closure, SW3 closure are set,, close the microwave signal of road port and can not pass through from transmission line B because the SW2 closure is shorted to ground, equally, because the SW3 closure, microwave signal can not passed through from transmission line D yet, so microwave signal can only be passed through from transmission line A, C; Owing to the SW3 closure, the signal on the transmission line C can not pass through from transmission line F, and can only arrive branch road port one again.That is to say that close road port and divide road port one to lead directly to, and isolate with minute road port two, promptly Shu Ru microwave signal can be by dividing road port one output.
State two: SW1 closure, SW2 disconnection, SW3 closure are set, analytic process is identical with the analytic process of state one, its state is to close road port to lead directly to dividing road port two, and isolates with minute road port one, and promptly Shu Ru microwave signal can be by dividing road port two outputs.By the analysis of state one and state two as seen, the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this structure can be realized the signal handoff functionality.
State three: SW1 closure, SW2 closure, SW3 disconnection are set, at this moment, because the SW1 closure, the microwave signal of port one can not be passed through from transmission line A, because the SW2 closure divides the microwave signal of road port two to pass through from transmission line B, so, can only pass through from transmission line D.Microwave signal arrives after transmission line F, the G intersection, is divided into the two paths of signals of constant power, and one road signal is through transmission line F, because SW1 is closed, signal can not pass through transmission line C, so can only arrive branch road port one; Equally, another road signal arrives through transmission line G and divides road port two.In this state, the entire circuit equivalence is as Fig. 6, and the input signal constant power ground at He Lu crossing is divided into two paths of signals, arrives respectively to divide road port one and divide road port two, just has power dividing function.
When state three as shown in Figure 6, different with " junctions " A point that prior art is shown in Figure 2, the end positions of transmission line D, though all be that impedance is discontinuous, but because transmission line D satisfies following condition: the input impedance of transmission line D upper end is Z0, the transmission line F that it is Z0 that transmission line D lower end is equivalent to two sections characteristic impedances, G parallel connection are so its input impedance is Z0/2; The D characteristic impedance of transmission line is
The length of transmission line D is 25% wavelength; So transmission line D is the impedance transformer of a standard, at the center frequency points place, the areflexia signal, and near the center frequency points place, reflected signal also can be ignored, thereby has practical value.
The microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of said structure is if microwave signal is only from minute road port one or only from minute road port two input, analytic process is equivalent to the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of routine with top identical.If divide road port one and divide road port two input constant amplitudes equiphase microwave signal, and SW1, SW2 closure, when SW3 disconnected, this microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) just had power and closes the road function.
The topological structure of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of the present invention is very ingenious, every section transmission line A, B, C, D, E, F, G can both constitute microwave switch with certain switching device, for example the 6th transmission line F and the 3rd switch SW 3 constitute microwave switch, transmission line D and G also constitute microwave switch with SW3, this shows, only just realized the function of seven microwave switches with three switching devices, circuit structure is simple; And each transmission line can adopt microstrip line or the strip line on the PCB to realize that this has been very ripe PCB manufacturing process; Each switching device can adopt the Microwave PIN diode, but is not limited to the Microwave PIN diode, and PIN diode also is very ripe device, is easy to buying, so the present invention program implements without any difficulty, and cost is very low.
Second kind of the present invention has power division and closes the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, as shown in Figure 7, is made of eight sections transmission lines and four switching devices and a build-out resistor R; Described eight sections transmission lines and build-out resistor R are connected to each other, and constitute approximate " order " font.Its version is: first end of first end of the first transmission line A and the second transmission line B, the 4th transmission line D1 and the 4th ' transmission line D2 is connected to each other, and forms to close road port; First end of second end of the 4th transmission line D1 and the 6th transmission line F joins, and is connected the 3rd switching device SW3 between its intersection and the ground; The 4th ' first end of second end of transmission line D2 and the 7th transmission line G joins, and is connected the 4th switching device SW4 between its intersection and the ground; And second end and the 4th of the 4th transmission line D1 ' be connected a build-out resistor R between second end of transmission line D2; First end of the 3rd transmission line C is connected with second end of the first transmission line A, and is connected the first switching device SW1 between its intersection and the ground; Second end of second end of the 3rd transmission line C and described the 6th transmission line F joins, and forms to divide road port one; First end of the 5th transmission line E is connected with second end of the second transmission line B, and is connected second switch device SW2 between its intersection and the ground; Second end of second end of the 5th transmission line E and described the 7th transmission line G joins, and forms to divide road port two.
The microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this structure, the length of described eight sections transmission lines is 25% wavelength transmission line, and the characteristic impedance of transmission line A, B, C, E, F, G is Z0, and the characteristic impedance of transmission line D1 and D2 is
And the resistance of build-out resistor equals 2Z0.Transmission line D1, D2 and resistance R constitute the Wilkinson constant power power splitter of a standard, and build-out resistor can play buffer action, helps to improve the matching properties of port.
No matter be to import a microwave signal from closing road port, during still from minute road port one or/and from minute road port two input microwave signals, the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of said structure be used for the analysis of signal switching, signal allocation, the course of work when closing the road function, operating state and the function that had all the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) with first kind of structure shown in Figure 5 is identical, difference, SW3 and SW4 are considered as a linked switch in application process, closed simultaneously or disconnection simultaneously.
The microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this structure is the same with the switch of first kind of structure, has signal switching, power division simultaneously and closes the road function; Though by contrast, second kind of structure increased by one section transmission line and a build-out resistor than first kind of structure, but be that every section transmission line A, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G can both constitute basic microwave switch with certain switching device equally, each transmission line can adopt microstrip line or the strip line on the PCB to realize equally, each switching device can adopt the Microwave PIN diode, therefore, it is simple still to have a circuit, technical maturity, low, the practical advantage of cost.
Adopt of the present inventionly to have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, the N+1 Hot Spare that can realize a kind of radio-frequency power amplifier with help each other system, as shown in Figure 8.When there be N sector in system, there is a power amplifier each sector and a pair ofly of the present inventionly has power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, also have a shared backup power amplifier identical in the system, so system includes N power amplifier and N to the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) with power amplifier; Its type of attachment is: the branch road port one of preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins in the input of the power amplifier of each sector and a pair of microwave switch, and the branch road port one of the output of power amplifier and rearmounted microwave switch joins; Microwave input signal inserts from the road port that closes of preposition microwave switch, and the road port that closes of rearmounted microwave switch connects antenna-feedback system; And the branch road port two of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of each sector (N altogether) is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; The branch road port two of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of each sector is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly.N also can adopt the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of second kind of version as shown in Figure 7 to having power division and closing the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that road function microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) can adopt first kind of structure as shown in Figure 5 in the system.
Whole system has three kinds of states, and for convenience of description, a sector during with N=1 is that example is described, referring to Fig. 9:
First kind of state is SW1, SW3, SW4, SW6 closure, when SW2, SW5 disconnected, according to the aforementioned principle that has power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, input signal entered into transmission line B, E from IN, after power amplifier PA1 amplifies, again through transmission line L, I to antenna feeder S.Backup power amplifier PA does not have input signal, does not have output signal certainly yet.So power amplifier PA is inoperative.
Second kind of state SW2, SW3, SW5, SW6 closure, when SW1, SW4 disconnected, input signal entered into transmission line A, C from IN, after backup power amplifier PA amplifies, again through transmission line J, H to antenna feeder S.At this moment, power amplifier PA1 is inoperative.
The third state SW1, SW2, SW4, SW5 closure, when SW3, SW6 disconnected, input signal entered into transmission line D from IN, amplitude, synchronous two paths of signals such as reallocated, and one road signal amplifies to power amplifier PA through transmission line F, arrives transmission line M.Another road signal amplifies to power amplifier PA1 through transmission line G, to transmission line N.If power amplifier gain and phase equalization are better, then the signal amplitude on transmission line M, the N is consistent with phase place, and this two paths of signals closes the road, through transmission line K to antenna feeder S.
Above-mentioned three kinds of states, if (the PA1 work of first kind of state, PA is inoperative) as the normal condition of power amplifier, then second kind of state (PA work, PA1 is inoperative) be equivalent to Hot Spare, the third state (PA1, PA work simultaneously) is equivalent to help each other, and power amplifier PA is the backup of power amplifier PA1.
As shown in Figure 8, work as N=3, promptly during 3 sectors, power amplifier PA is the backup of power amplifier PA1, also is the backup of power amplifier PA2, PA3, and three kinds of states of system are as follows:
First kind of state, PA1, PA2, PA3 be operate as normal, and backup power amplifier PA does not work or is in holding state;
Second kind of state, when among PA1, PA2, the PA3 any one had fault, diverter switch was not worked out of order power amplifier, and backup power amplifier PA switches up again, replaces out of order power amplifier, Here it is Status of Backups.For example: when the amplifier PA1 of first sector breaks down, the microwave switch of first sector is switched to SW11, SW13, SW14, SW16 closure, the state that SW12, SW15 disconnect, backup power amplifier PA replaces the PA1 operate as normal.
The third state, PA1, PA2, PA3 be operate as normal, backup power amplifier PA can with wherein any one power amplifier concurrent working, to increase the power output of this sector, Here it is the state of helping each other.For example: first sector and the 3rd sector keep first kind of state, and the microwave switch of second sector is arranged on SW21, SW22, SW24, SW25 closure, the state that SW23 and SW26 disconnect, and PA2 and PA work simultaneously.
From the above analysis as can be seen; the N+1 Hot Spare of radio-frequency power amplifier of the present invention and the system that helps each other; all there is a power amplifier each sector; the power amplifier that also has a backup in the system; do not belong to any sector, when one of them power amplifier broke down, the power amplifier of backup was under the situation of shutting down that do not have a power failure; substitute the power amplifier work of breaking down immediately, realized Hot Spare.Under normal circumstances simultaneously, the power amplifier of this backup also can be used for any one sector, can make the power output of this sector increase 3dB in theory.What is more important, in four power amplifiers any one, all only amplify the signal of a sector, so adopt this system, the isolation between the sector and the consistency of power amplifier are irrelevant, under normal circumstances, isolation can be accomplished 30dB between the sector, and these characteristics are that prior art 3dB electric bridge coupler hybrid matrix scheme far can not be compared.And, because the consistency of power amplifier does not influence the sector isolation degree, only influential to the synthetic power gain under the situation of helping each other, therefore, though power amplifier is also selected pairing, matching request is very loose, makes the interchangeability of device good, compare with 3dB electric bridge coupler matrix solution, this also is very big advantage.
In force, can also adopt the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of second kind of structure of the present invention to realize the N+1 Hot Spare of radio-frequency power amplifier and the system that helps each other, as shown in figure 11.The connected mode of system, operating state and the course of work all the N+1 Hot Spare with aforementioned first kind of radio-frequency power amplifier are identical with the system that helps each other; Because system adopts has power division and closes between the branch road port of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function and be connected with a build-out resistor, this build-out resistor can play buffer action, if the input and output port of power amplifier does not match, its reflected signal can not be transferred to the input and output side of another power amplifier, just do not influence the operating state of another power amplifier, help to improve the matching properties of amplifier input and output port, therefore, than the N+1 Hot Spare of aforementioned first kind of radio-frequency power amplifier with help each other system, the isolation that is between two power amplifiers of the working method of helping each other is excellent more.
The N+1 Hot Spare of above-mentioned radio-frequency power amplifier and the system that helps each other, when N=1, described system is considered as a kind of 1+1 hot backup of radio-frequency power amplifier and the device of helping each other.As Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10, in the 1+1 hot backup and the device of helping each other of radio-frequency power amplifier, all there is the backup power amplifier PA that to one's name uses separately each sector, following two power amplifier PA1 of normal condition and PA work in the state of helping each other simultaneously, when wherein any one lost efficacy, switch by switch, the power amplifier of inefficacy is deactivated, another power amplifier is power output decline 3dB then still in work.This device can be applied to any one sector separately, if (for example: three sectors) all adopting the scheme of Fig. 9 or Figure 10, because each sector all is independently, is mutual insulating between the sector, therefore, does not then have sector isolation degree problem in each sector.
Be understandable that, for those of ordinary skills, can be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, and all these changes or replacement all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, comprises multistage transmission line and a plurality of switching device; It is characterized in that: first end of first end of the 4th transmission line and first transmission line and second transmission line is connected to each other, and forms to close road port; And first end of second end of the 4th transmission line and the 6th transmission line and the 7th transmission line is connected to each other, and is connected the 3rd switching device between its intersection and the ground;
First end of the 3rd transmission line is connected with second end of first transmission line, and is connected first switching device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 3rd transmission line and second end of described the 6th transmission line join, and form first fen road port;
First end of the 5th transmission line is connected with second end of second transmission line, and is connected the second switch device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 5th transmission line and second end of described the 7th transmission line join, and form second fen road port.
2, microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described transmission line is 25% wavelength line; Described first and second, the characteristic impedance of the 3rd, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th transmission line is Z0, and the characteristic impedance of described the 4th transmission line is
3, microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described switching device adopts PIN diode.
4, a kind of have power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function, comprises multistage transmission line and a plurality of switching device; It is characterized in that: first end of first transmission line and second transmission line, the 4th transmission line and the 4th ' first end of transmission line is connected to each other, forms and close road port; Second end of the 4th transmission line and first end of the 6th transmission line join, and are connected the 3rd switching device between its intersection and the ground; The 4th ' first end of second end of transmission line and the 7th transmission line joins, and is connected the 4th switching device between its intersection and the ground; And second end and the 4th of the 4th transmission line ' be connected a build-out resistor between second end of transmission line;
First end of the 3rd transmission line is connected with second end of first transmission line, and is connected first switching device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 3rd transmission line and second end of described the 6th transmission line join, and form first fen road port;
First end of the 5th transmission line is connected with second end of second transmission line, and is connected the second switch device between its intersection and the ground; Second end of the 5th transmission line and second end of described the 7th transmission line join, and form second fen road port.
5, microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described transmission line is 25% wavelength line; Described first and second, the characteristic impedance of the 3rd, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th transmission line is Z0, and the described the 4th and the 4th ' characteristic impedance of transmission line is
The resistance of described build-out resistor is 2Z0.
6, according to claim 4 or 5 described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, it is characterized in that: described switching device adopts PIN diode.
7, a kind of Hot Spare and system that helps each other that adopts the radio-frequency power amplifier of the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization of claim 1 comprises N power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; It is characterized in that: comprise that also N is to having power division and closing the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; Each described power amplifier input and first fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) join, and first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in output and a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And
Preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) close the input that road port is a microwave signal; The road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected with antenna-feedback system; And
Second fen road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Second fen road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
8, a kind of Hot Spare and system that helps each other that adopts the radio-frequency power amplifier of the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization of claim 4 comprises N power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; It is characterized in that: comprise that also N is to having power division and closing the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; Each described power amplifier input and first fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) join, and first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in output and a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And
Preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) close the input that road port is a microwave signal; The road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) connects antenna-feedback system; And
Second fen road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Second fen road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
9, a kind of Hot Spare and device of helping each other that adopts the radio-frequency power amplifier of the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization of claim 1 comprises a power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; It is characterized in that: also comprise a pair ofly having power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; First fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier input join, the input of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes the input that road port is a microwave signal; And first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier output join, the output of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes road port and connects antenna-feedback system.
10, a kind of Hot Spare and device of helping each other that adopts the radio-frequency power amplifier of the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) realization of claim 4 comprises a power amplifier and a backup amplifier identical with described power amplifier; It is characterized in that: also comprise a pair ofly having power division and close the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of road function; First fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier input join, the input of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes the input that road port is a microwave signal; And first fen road port of the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the described a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) and described power amplifier output join, the output of its second fen road port and described backup power amplifier joins, and it closes road port and connects antenna-feedback system.
11, a kind of method of N+1 Hot Spare of radio-frequency power amplifier, N the sector that is used for wireless access and microwave system, each sector comprise that an identical main power amplifier and a pair of and main power amplifier are connected the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that has power division and close the road function; Also comprise a backup power amplifier that each sector is shared; Described method comprises the steps:
A, the input of the described main power amplifier of each sector and one fen road port of the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in a pair of microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) are joined, and one fen road port of output and rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) joins; And input signal inserts from the road port that closes of preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and the road port that closes of rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is connected with antenna-feedback system; And another minute road port that described N splits the preposition microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the input of described backup power amplifier jointly; Another minute road port that described N splits the rearmounted microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) in the Central Shanxi Plain is connected to the output of described backup power amplifier jointly;
B, the described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of each sector is set, makes the power amplifier of each sector be in normal operating conditions;
C, when the described power amplifier of a certain sector breaks down, switch the microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of this sector, make described backup power amplifier replace described fault power amplifier;
Wherein, N is a sector number, is the positive integer greater than 0.
12, method according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the described described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that each sector is set of step B comprises that also described backup power amplifier is in does not work or holding state;
13, method according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the described described microwave single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) that each sector is set of step B, also comprise making the help each other device of described backup power amplifier as a certain sector, and be in normal operating conditions.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410052278XA CN100334774C (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2004-11-19 | Microwave switch and power amplifier thermal back-up, its mutual system and realization thereof |
| BRPI0518340A BRPI0518340B1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-11-21 | hot standby redundancy system and method for radio frequency power amplifier |
| PCT/CN2005/001969 WO2006053506A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-11-21 | The radio frequency power amplifier hot standby system and the microwave switch and the backup method |
| HK06108380A HK1088122A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-07-28 | A microwave switch and a power amplifier standby system and the implementing method |
| US11/750,435 US7525396B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2007-05-18 | System, microwave switch and method for hot standby of radio frequency power amplifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200410052278XA CN100334774C (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2004-11-19 | Microwave switch and power amplifier thermal back-up, its mutual system and realization thereof |
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| CN1780044A true CN1780044A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| CN100334774C CN100334774C (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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| CNB200410052278XA Active CN100334774C (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2004-11-19 | Microwave switch and power amplifier thermal back-up, its mutual system and realization thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN100334774C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1088122A1 (en) |
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| CN100365947C (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Heat backup system and method for radio-frequency power amplifier |
| WO2011079770A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-07-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal switching method and device thereof |
| CN102437844A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-05-02 | 中国兵器工业集团第二一四研究所苏州研发中心 | Isolation matching switch circuit |
| CN102664598A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-09-12 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Hot backup system of radio frequency power amplifiers and realization method |
| CN104183895A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-03 | 京信通信***（中国）有限公司 | Switch-switchable combiner and device |
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| CN110601675A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-12-20 | 联发科技（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Power combiner/splitter and method of operation thereof |
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| US5872491A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1999-02-16 | Kmw Usa, Inc. | Switchable N-way power divider/combiner |
| JP2001156560A (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-06-08 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | High frequency power amplifier |
| KR100403972B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2003-11-01 | 한국과학기술원 | Microwave double pole double throw switch and microwave divide through switch and power amplifier using thereof |
| JP2002111301A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | Microwave circuit |
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| CN100365947C (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Heat backup system and method for radio-frequency power amplifier |
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| CN102437844A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-05-02 | 中国兵器工业集团第二一四研究所苏州研发中心 | Isolation matching switch circuit |
| CN102664598B (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2016-03-30 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | A kind of radio-frequency power amplifier hot backup system and implementation method |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100334774C (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| HK1088122A1 (en) | 2006-10-27 |
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