CN1774558B - Underground high pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and rock drilling method thereof - Google Patents

Underground high pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and rock drilling method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1774558B
CN1774558B CN200480010363.8A CN200480010363A CN1774558B CN 1774558 B CN1774558 B CN 1774558B CN 200480010363 A CN200480010363 A CN 200480010363A CN 1774558 B CN1774558 B CN 1774558B
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drilling
pump
axial
high pressure
rock
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CN1774558A (en
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金锋
沈忠厚
孙为群
彭方远
邓克贤
石杨
何建军
庞仁
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TIANJIN CITY JINGBAO RONGCHUN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Jingbao Science & Technology Co Ltd Tianjin City
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground high pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and a rock drilling method thereof, comprising a drill lever, a filtering device, a turbine device, a centrifugal pump or an axial-flow pump and a drill. The drill lever is drived by a ground ane rotary disc or a top drive device. The drill is arranged at the bottom of the drill lever, which is fixed with a high pressure flow jet nozzle and a low pressure flow jet nozzle. Inside the drill lever along the axes of the drill lever is provided with a filtering device, a turbine device and multiple-stage centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump. The turbine device adopts the mode that a hollow axle, the filtering device and the hollow axle of the turbine device are connected and the axle input terminal of the centrifugal pump or the axial-flow pump is connected with the output terminal of the turbine device hollow axle. The invention can improve the well drilling speed.

Description

A kind of underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool and rock breaking method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground high pressure continuous flow and spray drilling tool and rock breaking method thereof.
Background technology
China utility model patent ZL96207357.1 discloses a kind of super-pressure down-hole pulsing jet booster, and this booster is provided with two turbocharging by moving drilling tool, is provided with a hydraulic cylinder that is used for supercharging below turbodrill.Drilling fluid enters the inlet of hydraulic cylinder through turbine, penetrates the broken rock of pulsation superhigh pressure water jet from nozzle again after the hydraulic cylinder supercharging.Jet pressure reaches 100-200Mpa.
This pulse jet booster can not provide the high-pressure spray of continuous flowing, so efficiency of breaking rock is low.Because hydraulic cylinder adopts clearance seal, so require in the drilling fluid particle diameter of contained drilling cuttings very little.Therefore, need carry out just entering this high-pressure injection drilling tool after strictness is filtered to drilling fluid.In addition, owing to using hydraulic cylinder to carry out in the process of supercharging, space in the cylinder barrel and extraneous drilling fluid are isolated, thereby supercharging efficient is low, and are easy to damage.
Chinese patent application CN89101781.X discloses a kind of supercharging device that is used in the drilling rod, and this supercharging device is made up of turbine, and this supercharging device can not provide the broken rock jet with enough pressure.
U.S. Pat 4,819,745 disclose a kind of drilling rod pulsing jet device that is used for, and this device comprises a turbine apparatus, the outlet that a reversal valve is used to cut out or open turbine apparatus is set under turbine apparatus, and the opening and closing of reversal valve have formed pulsing jet.The same with the pressure that adopts pressurized cylinder increase drilling fluid, according to U.S. Pat 4,819,745 pulsing jet device can not provide the height of continuous flowing to crush the rock jet.
It is the down-hole high pressure injection drilling tool of power with the turbine that Chinese patent application CN00250432.4 discloses a kind of, it is provided with the gearbox of a raising centrifugal pump rotary speed, the expulsion pressure of the drilling fluid that ejects with increase, though this drilling tool can provide continuous high-pressure spray, but its efficiency of breaking rock is not high, and serious wear.
All the time, the high-pressure spray of thinking the down-hole that people are only simple has smashed rock, all done a large amount of jet experiments both at home and abroad, but all be under the environment on ground, to do, its high-pressure water jet cutting steel plates etc. are commercial Application, and jet experiment is done to various rocks in the laboratory of american petroleum major company, and drawing jet pressure can broken most rock when 70-104Mpa, so injection rock breaking mechanism in the future all is that to test with this be theoretical foundation.
But the experiment of the jet of the U.S. only is to have simulated two-dimentional down-hole confined pressure, and three-dimensional high confining pressure experiment is done very difficult on ground, therefore misled the Cracking Mechanism of jet to the down-hole rock.Under the understanding of this rock breaking mechanism, pursuit simply improves the jet pressure of down-hole drilling fluids, though help to improve efficiency of breaking rock at the pressure that improves the down-hole drilling fluids jet,, do not obtain desirable effect in actual applications, end in failure after all.The reasons for the above problems are that there are mistaken ideas in people to the understanding of the rock breaking mechanism of down-hole jet supercharging.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has broken through for a long time people to the understanding of rock breaking mechanism, and through a large amount of facts have proved, the down-hole rock is around under the effect of rock confined pressure, relies on the impact force of liquid stream to smash rock merely and is difficult to.The present invention forms the local decompression district near relying on bottom rock, rock in it will expand broken under self internal pressure, thereby realize broken rock, and " chip hold down effect " in the destruction drilling process reaches the effect of removing landwaste, make drill bit all contact new rock stratum at every turn, avoid the repetition fragmentation, the two waterpower and mechanically combining break rock, significantly to improve bit speed.Therefore, the present invention has proposed a kind of new rock-breaking and well-drilling instrument and rock breaking method according to the new understanding to rock breaking mechanism.
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of underground high pressure continuous flow to spray rock breaking method, according to bernoulli principle, the high-velocity fluid center pressure will be lower than pressure for vaporization, make the high-pressure spray of continuous flowing form local decompression in the shaft bottom, thereby reach the purpose that improves bit speed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of underground high pressure continuous flow to spray drilling tool, and this drilling tool can produce the high-pressure spray of continuous flowing in the down-hole, reaches brokenly rock and the effect of removing landwaste, and it can improve bit speed.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of underground high pressure continuous flow sprays rock breaking method, it is according to bernoulli principle, the center fluid pressure of high-pressure spray can hang down pressure for vaporization, therefore the high-pressure spray of a fixed displacement forms the local decompression district in the shaft bottom, rock in it will expand broken under self pore pressure, realize broken rock, and " chip hold down effect " destroyed in the drilling process reach the effect of removing landwaste, to improve bit speed.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays rock breaking method, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) drilling rod that is driven by ground rotating disk or top-drive device sprays drilling tool to underground high pressure continuous flow provides drilling fluid;
(2) utilize described drilling tool that described drilling fluid is shunted, wherein a part of drilling fluid drives the rotation of multistage turbine joint, thereby the turbine apparatus that utilizes the multistage turbine joint drives centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump as drill motor or axial-flow pump rotates, another part drilling fluid flows directly into centrifugal pump by hollow shaft or axial-flow pump carries out supercharging, the drilling fluid that is pressurized is by a special high-pressure nozzle directive shaft bottom of drill bit, near bottom rock, form local negative pressuren zone, thereby rock collapses broken and broken rock under self pore pressure;
(3) fail to collapse broken rock, utilize drill bit to carry out waterpower and the broken rock of mechanically combining.
The drilling fluid of supercharging part via the low-pressure nozzle directive shaft bottom on the drill bit, does not return ground with cutting carring after driving turbine apparatus.Drilling fluid after wherein filtering flows into centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump by hollow shaft, has reduced the hydraulic pressure loss like this, has improved system effectiveness.Utilize centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump that the drilling fluid after filtering is carried out supercharging, make the pressure of this part drilling fluid reach 20-40Mpa, can realize that in this pressure limit the down-hole breaks rock, be significantly less than the empirical theory force value that the described jet pressure of background technology part just can broken most rocks when 70-104Mpa.
By the local decompression district, shaft bottom that step (2) forms, it is broken that its inner surface rock is collapsed, and also greatly reduces its interior rock strength even can not break rock, under the rotary cutting of the drill bit that the ground rotating disk drives, is easy to be stripped from.This negative pressuren zone has also destroyed " chip hold down effect " in drilling process, reaches the effect of removing landwaste, makes drill bit all contact new rock stratum at every turn, avoids the repetition fragmentation, and the two waterpower and mechanically combining break rock, significantly to improve bit speed.
Second purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, comprise drilling rod, filter, turbine apparatus, centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump and drill bit, drilling rod is driven by ground rotating disk or top-drive device, bottom at drilling rod is provided with drill bit, drill bit is provided with high-pressure spray nozzle and low pressure stream nozzle, axis in the inside of drilling rod along drilling rod is disposed with filter, turbine apparatus and centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, described turbine apparatus adopts hollow shaft, filter links to each other with the hollow shaft of turbine apparatus, and the axle input of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump links to each other with the output of turbine apparatus hollow shaft.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and the output of the hollow shaft of its turbine apparatus is supported by thrust bearing, and the axle input of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump is connected by thrust bearing with turbine apparatus hollow shaft output.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, aligns with the axle center of the housing of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump basically in the axle center of the hollow shaft of its turbine apparatus.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, forms annular space between the outer wall of its drilling rod inwall and thrust bearing, centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and the high-pressure spray nozzle on its drill bit links to each other with centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, and the low pressure stream nozzle on the drill bit is used to form circulation of drilling fluid and refluxes, and the low pressure stream nozzle is installed in the existing vestibule of drill bit.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and described turbine apparatus is the multistage turbine group, and turbine groups at different levels are serially connected on the described hollow shaft.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and described centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump are centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and its drill fluid purification device adopts the cyclone device, is made of the helical blade that is fixed on the drilling rod inwall.
Described underground high pressure continuous flow sprays drilling tool, and its drill fluid purification device is made of the helical blade that is fixed on the driving shaft.
The present invention is according to bernoulli principle, the center fluid pressure of high-pressure spray can hang down pressure for vaporization, therefore the high-pressure spray of a fixed displacement forms the local decompression district in the shaft bottom, rock in it will expand broken under self pore pressure, realize broken rock, and " chip hold down effect " in the destruction drilling process reach the effect of removing landwaste, to improve bit speed.This has the different of essence with the broken rock drilling tool mechanism of downhole pressure increasing in the past, downhole pressure increasing in the past breaks rock, its design aim is to rely on the impact force of high-pressure spray to smash brokenly rock, therefore its high-pressure spray will be pressurized to very high about 100Mpa to 200Mpa in design, corresponding discharge capacity is very little, and need purify high pressure liquid is strict, and according to principle of the present invention, the high-pressure spray pressure of drilling tool is 20Mpa to 40Mpa only, use common drilling fluid, discharge capacity is relatively large, thereby machinery is realized easier under this technical indicator, and its design objective of principle in the past is very high, and machinery is realized difficult.
In drilling tool of the present invention, turbine is not used in direct driving drill bit rotation, but driving centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump carry out supercharging to the part drilling fluid.What particularly point out is, this part by the drilling fluid of centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump supercharging be from the turbine top by hollow shaft, enter centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, reduced the pressure loss like this, improved system effectiveness.
Because the present invention adopts centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump to the drilling fluid supercharging, so the filtration of drilling fluid is required to be lower than requirement when with hydraulic cylinder drilling fluid being carried out supercharging.Simultaneously, centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump can provide the high-pressure spray of continuous flowing.
Because thrust bearing of the present invention can seal fully to drilling fluid, and does not use rubber seal, therefore can adapt to the applying working condition of down-hole higher temperature.
Because low-pressure nozzle of the present invention is installed in the existing vestibule of drill bit, guarantee the flow section maximum of drilling fluid, it is unobstructed to make that drilling fluid refluxes.This technical measures have reduced the requirement of the present invention to ground installation, have also reduced the seal request of the present invention to drilling tool simultaneously.On drill bit, need a high pressure nozzle is installed, link to each other by the exit seal of runner with centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete example, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of expression structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of expression operating principle of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Engage accompanying drawing below rock breaking method proposed by the invention and down-hole high pressure solid jet injection drilling tool are carried out detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of also following high pressure continuous flow that can produce the high pressure solid jet in the down-hole proposed by the invention sprays drilling tool, and it comprises drilling rod 1, drilling fluid filter 2, adopts the turbine apparatus 4 of hollow shaft 3; Support the thrust bearing 5 of turbine hollow shaft 3 outputs; By centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6 that turbine hollow shaft 3 drives, the intake 62 of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6 is connected with 3 rotatory sealings of turbine hollow shaft; Be connected in the drill bit 7 of drilling rod 1 bottom, which is provided with low pressure stream nozzle 71 and high-pressure spray nozzle 72, drilling rod 1 is driven by ground rotating disk or top-drive device.Hollow shaft 3 also is the intake of centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6.
In the present invention, described drilling tool all is set in turn in drilling rod inside along the axis direction of drilling rod 1, so that turbine apparatus 4 drives centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6.Drilling fluid enters from the inlet 21 of filter 2, part after the filtration (as 20%) drilling fluid enters centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6 (shown in the dotted arrow Fig. 2) from turbine 41 tops through hollow shaft 3, after the supercharging, reach 20-40Mpa and penetrate from the high-pressure spray nozzle 72 on the drill bit.All the other most of drilling fluids (as 80%) (shown in the solid line among Fig. 2) drive its rotation by turbine 41, through the annular space of drilling rod and centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, are penetrated by the low pressure stream nozzle on the drill bit 71, as shown in Figure 2.Since the proposition of the invention use hollow shaft 3 these structures, make that described drilling tool has continuously, advantage efficiently.
Spray in the rock breaking method at underground high pressure continuous flow of the present invention, as drill motor, drill motor can be made up of multistage turbine joint and hollow shaft with turbine apparatus 4, and turbine rotates under the driving of drilling fluid and drives the hollow shaft rotation, thereby produces turning moment; Thrust box is fixed on the drilling rod inwall, supports the hollow shaft of drill motor by thrust bearing, and the turning moment of hollow shaft is passed to centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, drives centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6 rotations; Centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump 6 will be from the drilling fluid superchargings of motor hollow shaft, and make this part drilling fluid ejected at high pressure from drill bit, impact on the rock of down-hole, form continuous injection through the drilling fluid that filters with certain pressure.
In the present invention, the drill fluid purification device can adopt the cyclone device, is made of the helical blade that is fixed on the drilling rod inwall, and blade angle is bigger, and is less to the pressure loss of drilling fluid.Drilling fluid forms centrifugal rotation when helical blade moves, and makes that the major diameter particle flows in drill fluid purification device periphery in the drilling fluid, by the annular space between motor impeller and centrifugal pump and the drilling rod, penetrates from the low-pressure nozzle of drill bit; The drilling fluid that flows in the center obtains purification to a certain degree, the solid phase particles diameter is less, (this part drilling fluid does not pass through the motor turbine to flow directly to the inside of centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump by the hollow shaft of drill motor, the pressure loss is very little), through after the supercharging, from the high pressure nozzle ejaculation of drill bit.
The drill fluid purification device also can be made of the helical blade that is fixed on the driving shaft, drives through drill motor, and with certain speed rotation, clean drilling liquid reaches above-mentioned identical effect.The direction of helical blade should be consistent with the direction of drill motor turbo blade.
Turbo blade mates with flow, speed and the pressure drop of the drilling fluid that passes through turbine; The clean drilling fluid of part of process purifier enters hollow shaft by the upper entrance of hollow shaft, and pressure drop is very not little because pass through turbine for this part drilling fluid, and the outlet by hollow shaft enters into centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump then.The wall thickness of hollow shaft should satisfy the requirement of strength of transfer torque, and internal diameter should satisfy the traffic requirement of high-pressure spray.

Claims (14)

1. rock breaking method, it comprises the steps:
1) drilling rod (1) that is driven by ground rotating disk or top-drive device sprays drilling tool to underground high pressure continuous flow provides drilling fluid;
2) utilize described drilling tool that described drilling fluid is shunted, wherein a part of drilling fluid drives the rotation of multistage turbine joint, thereby the turbine apparatus (4) that utilizes the multistage turbine joint drives centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump as drill motor or axial-flow pump (6) rotates, another part drilling fluid flows directly into centrifugal pump by hollow shaft (3) or axial-flow pump (6) carries out supercharging, the drilling fluid that is pressurized is by a special high-pressure nozzle (71) the directive shaft bottom of drill bit (7), near bottom rock, form local negative pressuren zone, thereby rock collapses broken and broken rock under self pore pressure;
3) fail to collapse broken rock, utilize drill bit to carry out waterpower and the broken rock of mechanically combining.
2. rock breaking method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drilling fluid of supercharging part via low-pressure nozzle (72) the directive shaft bottom on the drill bit (7), does not return ground with cutting carring driving turbine apparatus (4) afterwards.
3. rock breaking method as claimed in claim 1 wherein carries out utilizing the drilling fluid filter that drilling fluid is filtered before the pressure increase step to the drilling fluid that is pressurized part.
4. rock breaking method as claimed in claim 1, the drilling fluid after the wherein said filtration is pressurized to 20-40Mpa by centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6).
5. a underground high pressure continuous flow that utilizes the high pressure solid jet to break rock sprays drilling tool, it comprises drilling rod (1), filter (2), turbine apparatus (4), centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6) and drill bit (7), drilling rod (1) is driven by ground rotating disk or top-drive device, be provided with drill bit (7) in the bottom of drilling rod (1), drill bit (7) is provided with high-pressure spray nozzle and low pressure stream nozzle, it is characterized in that:
Axis in the inside of drilling rod (1) along drilling rod (1) is disposed with filter (2), turbine apparatus (4), thrust bearing (5) and centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6);
Described turbine apparatus (4) have reduce the hollow shaft (3) of the drilling liquid pressure that transmits loss.
6. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, and it is characterized in that: filter (2) links to each other with the input of hollow shaft (3).
7. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 6 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: the output of hollow shaft (3) is supported by thrust bearing (5), and the axle input of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6) is connected by thrust bearing (5) with the output of hollow shaft (3).
8. spraying drilling tools as claim 5 or 6 described underground high pressure continuous flows, it is characterized in that: aligns with the axle center of the housing (61) of centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6) basically in the axle center of hollow shaft (3).
9. spray drilling tool as claim 5 or 6 described underground high pressure continuous flows, it is characterized in that: form annular space between the outer wall of drilling rod (1) inwall and centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6).
10. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: the high-pressure spray nozzle on the drill bit (7) links to each other with centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6), low pressure stream nozzle on the drill bit (7) is used to form circulation of drilling fluid and refluxes, and the low pressure stream nozzle is installed in the existing vestibule of drill bit.
11. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: described turbine apparatus (4) is multistage turbine (41) group, and turbine groups at different levels are serially connected on the described hollow shaft.
12. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: described centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6) are centrifugal multistage pump multiple centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump (6).
13. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: described filter (2) is a cyclone, and it is made of the helical blade that is fixed on the drilling rod inwall.
14. underground high pressure continuous flow as claimed in claim 5 sprays drilling tool, it is characterized in that: described filter (2) is made of the helical blade that is fixed on the driving shaft.
CN200480010363.8A 2003-04-15 2004-04-14 Underground high pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and rock drilling method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN1774558B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN03244667.5 2003-04-15
CNU032446675U CN2612792Y (en) 2003-04-15 2003-04-15 Down-hole high pressure continuous stream jetting drilling tool
PCT/CN2004/000352 WO2004092532A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2004-04-14 A downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock

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CN1774558A CN1774558A (en) 2006-05-17
CN1774558B true CN1774558B (en) 2010-04-28

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