CN1757841A

CN1757841A - A drainage unit

Info

Publication number: CN1757841A
Application number: CN200510119908.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·W·伯内特－琼斯; P·夏普; D·H·埃德蒙兹
Original assignee: COOPER CLARKE GROUP Ltd
Current assignee: COOPER CLARKE GROUP Ltd
Priority date: 2004-09-15
Filing date: 2005-09-15
Publication date: 2006-04-12
Also published as: GB2418219B; EP1640500A1; GB0420511D0; GB2418219A; SG121157A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a drainage unit comprises a frame (22) and a first lining member (23). The frame (22) supports the lining member (23), which is substantially impervious to water, in the assembled drainage unit thereby to define a water channel within the drainage unit. The frame (22) is a load-bearing frame that provides the drainage unit with all necessary structural strength and integrity; this allows the weight of the drainage unit to be made lower than the weight of a conventional drainage unit in which the base and side walls are cast in concrete or iron. The frame may comprise a plurality of lateral frame members (25) which each have a laterally-extending portion and are spaced from one another along the axis of the drainage unit. The frame may further comprises at least one axially-extending frame member (27,28,29).

Description

Drainage system

The present invention relates to a kind of drainage system, it is used in particular for the lifting structure as bridge or multiple story garage.

Fig. 1 shows a typical drainage system 1.It is designed to be placed on the lifting structure, as on the roadside of bridge so that on the road surface in roadside the base level with hole 2 on drainage system 1 sidewall.The road arch face makes water flow away from the road surface and enters drainage system by hole 2.Hole 3 on the drainage system end wall moves the water to flow into contiguous parts.System places each other end-to-end, to form the draining of extending along bridge length.

Water drainage part drainage system in type shown in Figure 1 is generally poured into a mould with concrete or tough iron at present.This means that drainage system can be very heavy; This length is that 500mm (full-length of construction industry), width are that the parts of 300mm generally have the quality of 33-36Kg, and this just makes the difficulty that becomes is installed, because a people can not carry traditional drainage system safely.

Water drainage system design becomes to provide a specific water carrying capacity (being defined as the Peak Flow Rate of the water that parts can provide usually), and the inside dimension of drainage system is fixed by the maximum flow of water quick decision of design basically.The sidewall of drainage system, the thickness at bottom and top is determined by the needs that appropriate configuration intensity is provided.Therefore the weight that reduces the drainage system among Fig. 1 is just very difficult.The cross section that reduces system will reduce water carrying capacity, and this is undesirable; Reduce the sidewall of drainage system, the thickness at bottom and top will reduce structural strength, and this also is undesirable.In addition, the length of 500mm is the full-length of construction industry drainage system, and it also is undesirable reducing length thus.

Another shortcoming of the water drainage part drainage system of type shown in Figure 1 is the inner surface of system, and it contacts with intrasystem current, is not smooth generally.This causes the resistance of current, and the flow velocity of the drainage system in feasible the application is less than its theoretical velocity, and this theoretical velocity is that the inner surface of supposing the system is that smooth situation obtains.

We attempt one deck low-friction material is arranged on the inner surface of water drainage part drainage system of type shown in Figure 1, so that reduce the resistance of current.Yet this needs an additional manufacturing step and has therefore improved manufacturing cost.Another shortcoming be for example because, coarse sand in the current of the system that flows through or sharp keen stone, therefore the thin layer of low-friction material can in use wear and tear, and such wearing and tearing will increase the resistance of current and reduce the capacity of parts.

Fig. 2 shows the cross section of a typical bridge.Concrete slab 4 is covered by waterproof film 5, and topping 6, and for example, red sand pitch is arranged on the waterproof film.Road is laid the surface with bitumen layer 7, and it generally comprises pitch basal layer 7A and pitch wearing layer 7B.Bitumen layer is not a watertightness, and some water can infiltrate wherein and pass bitumen layer.Topping 6 generally is difficult for infiltration than bitumen layer, and waterproofing course 5 obviously is impermeable.Water also just therefore accumulate in road structure inside---if topping 6 is seepages of water, just above waterproofing course 5 upper surfaces, if perhaps topping 6 has low water permeability, then water is above topping 6 upper surfaces for water.The water that accumulates in road structure inside will be called as " soffit water ".

When vehicle is out-of-date along path link, the weight of wheel will cause " pump reaction " on the water surface in road structure." bow wave " 8 is by bitumen layer 7A, and 7B pushes the roadside to.Water can not enter drainage system 1, and upwards reflection is shown in the arrow of Fig. 2.This high speed that just causes road surfaces worsens, because water makes the bonding particle that is included in the pitch upwards transport bitumen layer and is deposited on the road surface as mud 9.

Drainage system 10 shown in Figure 3 can provide effective soffit draining.Parts 10 have inwall or next door 13, and it limits " interior conduit " 14 in system 10.Is furnished with

hole

15,16 on two height in drainage system 10 sidewalls.Bottom hole 15 so is provided with so that when the water drainage part drainage system is placed in the side of road, they will laterally be adjacent to topping 6 and/or pitch basal layer 7A.Soffit water flows to interior conduit 14 from the inside of road structure by bottom hole 15, produces " pump reaction " that reason both can also have been caused by vehicle owing to natural drainage.Upper hole 16 so is provided with so that when the water drainage part drainage system is placed in the side of road, they will extend above the upper surface of pitch wearing layer 7B, so that water can enter the inside 17 of drainage system 10 from the surface of road by upper hole 16.Surface water and soffit water just can be drained from road effectively.17 best UNICOMs (unless through drainage system outside) not in the inside of interior conduit 14 and drainage system, can not enter interior conduit 14 to such an extent as to enter the surface water of drainage system inside 17, and through bottom hole 15 flow out drainage system intake duct line structures than lower floor---this just can achieve the above object by making interior conduit 14 form closed conduct as shown in Figure 3 easily easily.

Drainage system is placed in the basic unit of plaster 19, and its thickness for example is 5mm.The end face of parts scribbles sealant, and this system by push-tight securely against previous system between adjacent component, to form the watertightness sealing.

The basis of drainage system 10 preferably at one end is furnished with projection 20, and the other end of system's base portion is furnished with complementary recess.These projectioies and recess make and form interlocking between two adjacent parts, if by Vehicular impact, can the minimizing system produce the chance of dislocation.

Drainage system 10 also can have the 3rd hole (18 show one of them described the 3rd hole), and it so is provided with so that when drainage system was placed in the road side, they will be laterally adjacent to pitch wearing layer 7B.This is defined as pitch wearing layer 7B with regard to being particularly suitable for the pitch of porous infiltration---and any water that the 3rd hole makes filtration enter porous asphalt is discharged effectively.

The drainage system of the general type shown in Fig. 3 is to describe to some extent in 2301132 and 2305200 in British Patent No..

The water drainage part drainage system of the general type shown in Fig. 3 is poured into a mould in water inlet mud or the tough iron widely, and cement or tough iron have also had above-mentioned shortcoming thus.

The invention provides a kind of drainage system, comprise a framework and one first liner, liner is watertightness basically, and framework supports liner in assembling in the drainage system, therefore limits waterpipe in drainage system.

In the traditional drainage system shown in Fig. 1 and 3, the sidewall of water drainage part drainage system must extend to the whole length and the height of water drainage part drainage system, and the bottom of water drainage part drainage system must extend to the whole length and the width of water drainage part drainage system, so that has formed a watertightness pipeline.As explained above, this makes production lightweight drainage system become very difficult.Yet in the present invention, the continuous bottom of tradition drainage system is substituted by framework, for example formed by the transverse frame element, this transverse frame element connects along the width extension of drainage system and the axial frame element that is axially extended by the one or more length directions along drainage system.This framework is the carrying support frame, structural strength and globality that it has drainage system to be necessary.Similarly, the continuous rear wall of traditional drainage system and antetheca are replaced by the part of transverse frame element, and it extends upward and extend preferably to the whole height of drainage system.The one or more liners of frame supported, this liner is a water-stop, and limits one or more waterpipes in drainage system.Liner can be made by light material, for example plastics.The total weight of frame element and liner element is significantly smaller than the weight of traditional water drainage part drainage system bottom and sidewall, so that water drainage part drainage system of the present invention is lighter than traditional water drainage part drainage system greatly.Can infer that drainage system of the present invention is the weight that has less than the 10kg at least of the weight of the traditional water drainage part drainage system with same displacement volume.

In traditional drainage system of type shown in Figure 1, interior conduit is limited by the upper surface and the inside surface of side wall of bottom.Limited in the manufacturing means that the most traditional such cast drainage system has flat pipeline as shown in Figure 1.Yet this cross section is not the most effective waterpower cross section, and the pipeline with " V-arrangement " cross section will have lower resistance to water.Yet in traditional cast drainage system, make have the V-arrangement cross section pipeline just very difficult-system external cross section preferably rectangle install with convenient, and make the thickness that the inside that has the V-arrangement cross section must increase the bottom, therefore more paid attention to regard to more heavy amount problem.

Yet in the present invention, framework can be positioned to and support the water-resistant liner element to limit a pipeline with any required cross section.The pipeline that particularly has the V-arrangement cross section or be approximately the V-arrangement cross section is easy to obtain waterpower and renders a service.

In addition, the waterproof element can have the material of low resistance to make to current by having, or scribbles above-mentioned material.

Therefore, for a specific discharge, drainage system of the present invention can have the cross section littler than traditional drainage system.This just makes littler that drainage system of the present invention does, and this makes the weight of drainage system of the present invention further reduce.Clear for showing, overall width is that the drainage system of the present invention of 250mm may have with overall width is the identical discharge of traditional drainage system of 300mm.

In preferred embodiment, each waterproof element all is that the oneself supports." oneself support " is meant if only when some independent some upper supports, the waterproof element can be under it self weight gross distortion.The use of oneself's support component means that the framework needs are only at some the independent some upper support elements along leement duration.On the contrary, in the drainage system of prior art, the inside of wherein pouring into a mould drainage system scribbles the material of low resistance, and the coating of low resistance material is very thin coating, rather than oneself's support.

To illustrate that embodiment describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention by the reference accompanying drawing now, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the diagram perspective drawing of traditional drainage system;

Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of road that the drainage system of Fig. 1 is housed;

Fig. 3 is the diagram perspective drawing of second traditional drainage system;

Fig. 4 is the diagram enlarged drawing that the ingredient of drainage system of the present invention is shown;

Fig. 5 is the diagram perspective drawing of drainage system framework shown in Figure 4;

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of drainage system shown in Figure 4;

Fig. 7 is the diagram part phantom drawing of the drainage system of another embodiment according to the present invention; And

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view that the drainage system of Fig. 7 is installed in road.

Reference example is described the present invention, and wherein drainage system comprises the hole that is placed in two kinds of differing heights, as the drainage system of the prior art of Fig. 3.Yet the present invention only limits to this, for example can be applicable to the drainage system of Fig. 1.

As shown in Figure 4, drainage system 21 according to this embodiment of the invention comprises framework 22, one or more water-resistant liner element (two

elements

23,24 shown in the present embodiment), and capping 35.

Framework 22 limits the bottom of drainage system, the rear wall of drainage system, and the part of drainage system antetheca.Framework includes a plurality of transverse wall elements 25, and this lateral sidewalls element has the part across the width horizontal expansion of drainage system, and places each other along the length direction of drainage system.The transverse frame element has one or more upwardly extending parts in horizontal expansion part one end.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, each transverse frame element 25 comprises that two extend upward part 26,26 ', and each all is placed in the end of horizontal expansion part.Therefore, each transverse frame element all is a U-shaped.Each extends upward part 26 in the embodiment of Fig. 4, and 26 ' all is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal expansion parts of crossing frame element, so that extend upward part 26,26 ' will be erected in the mounted water drainage part drainage system basically.

In the embodiment of Fig. 4, single entities made by each transverse frame element so that each extends upward part 26,26 ' with horizontal expansion partly be an integral body.

Framework also comprises

element

27,28,29, and its length along drainage system extends axially, and transverse frame element 25 is connected to each other.

Framework 22 also comprises a cross band 30.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, it limits the antetheca of drainage system, also limits the hole on the drainage system antetheca.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, provide corresponding to the bottom hole 15 of the drainage system 10 of Fig. 3 and the hole of interstitial hole 18.The accurate shape in this hole, size and position will be decided according to the pre-application of water drainage part drainage system.

In a preferred embodiment, frame element 25-29 is an integral body each other, and with antetheca 30 also be an integral body.For example, framework (with transverse frame element 25,

axle frame element

27,28,29 and preceding with 30 form) can be used as an individual system cast.Framework can be cast in any structural strength durable and that abundance is provided, for example in the material of tough iron.Yet in principle, framework needn't be as a single parts cast---as an example, it is whole each other that a transverse frame element 25 and an

axle frame element

27,27,29 can be made for, and preceding is with 30 to be divided portion and to be connected with frame element.

Liner element

23,24 is positioned at framework 22, so that limit waterpipe in drainage system.One of liner element is a liner element 23 that type is arranged in the embodiment of Fig. 4, and another is dull and stereotyped liner element 24.Laterally have in the high part that subtracts near the end of the antetheca 30 of water drainage part drainage system to extending frame element 25, dull and stereotyped waterproof element 24 is positioned at the recess that is limited by the high part 25a of subtracting of transverse frame element 25.(dull and stereotyped waterproof element 24 has occurred in Fig. 4 twice; It shows and is installed in the framework 22, for clear, also separates illustrating with framework.)

There is type liner element 23 also to be positioned at framework 22.What step 26a was arranged in the rear wall that limits the water drainage part drainage system extends upward part 26, and these steps have supported the edge that type liner element foundation 23a is arranged.In use, there are other edges of the foundation 23a of type liner element to be positioned on one of them extension frame element 28.(if desired, the axle frame element 28 that is supported with the foundation 23a of type liner element 23 also can have the thickness reducing part branch, to guarantee the tram of liner element, shown in the illustration of Fig. 5.) step 26a ' also be arranged in limit water drainage part drainage system antetheca extend upward part 26 ', and these parts accommodate the leading edge 23b of type liner element 23.

Fig. 5 shows the frame element 22 of not being with the liner element, and therefore clearly show that the high part 25a of subtracting of transverse frame element.

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of drainage system, and it shows the

liner element

23,24 that is positioned at framework 22.For clear, Fig. 6 has omitted capping 35.

At Fig. 6 as can be seen, two waterpipes are limited by the inside of drainage system 21.First pipeline is having formation on the type liner element 23.The water that this tubing containment enters by the hole in capping 35 2 also holds the water that enters by the interstitial hole on the antetheca 30 18.

Second pipeline is at dull and stereotyped liner element 24, has between the front 30 of the bottom of type liner element 23 and drainage system." interior conduit " 24 of the drainage system of this and Fig. 3 is suitable, and holds the soffit water by bottom hole 15.These two pipelines are the current UNICOM not mutually of the inside by the water drainage part drainage system each other, so that can not flow back in the road structure by bottom hole 15 by the water that upper hole 2 or interstitial hole 18 enter drainage system.

There is the preferable shape of type liner element 23 to make the waterpipe (i.e. " trunk line ") that limits on it have the interior cross section of V-arrangement basically.This is to have waterpower effectiveness because have the pipeline of V-arrangement cross section, and possesses Peak Flow Rate for the specific region of cross-section of pipeline.When the present invention is applied to the drainage system of type shown in Figure 1, just might allow type liner element 23 have the cross section of a symmetry, so that a waterpipe that has the V-arrangement cross section of symmetry is provided, to obtain most possible hydraulic characteristic(s).Be applied to have the place of the drainage system of interior conduit 14 among Fig. 3 in the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, have enough big cross section in order to make interior conduit 14, using the liner element with asymmetric cross section just may be necessity.Yet the shape that type liner element 23 is arranged in principle, should make trunk line have the cross section of any needs.

Liner element

23,24 is fixed on the framework 22 so that two pipelines are a small amount of water clock of having of watertightness basically or do not have water clock to take place.The liner element can, for example use adhesive/sealant material fixed frame 22.Then

liner element

23,24 can be mechanically anchored on the framework (for example by manufacturing clip accessory in framework) or they can enter its heat seal in the framework.

Liner element

23,24 and the framework 22 common self-contained type's drainage systems that form, this system has and is being applied to bear external force and load, for example comes from the external force of motor vehicle and enough structural strengths of load.As following shown in Figure 8; drainage system of the present invention can be installed on the appropriate functional layer 34 (parts at the bottom of one deck cement based for example; as the mortar substrate), there is no need to provide again periphery carrying protection (for example concrete integument) at mounted drainage system periphery.

Framework 22 is carrying support frames, and an assembling water drainage part drainage system that has desired structure intensity is provided.Liner

element

23,24 does not need that the structural strength of assembling drainage system is had much contributions, because this can be provided by framework 22.Therefore the liner element can be formed by any material, this material be lightweight and be complete watertightness, for example, plastics or synthetic plastic are as synthesizing polyester.

The material of making

liner element

23,24 preferably has the low resistance to current.(synthetic plastics material can be made the smooth surface that has the low resistance of current.) material of making

liner element

23,24 preferably has 0.0095 or surface roughness still less, is more preferably to have 0.0092 or surface roughness still less, best is has 0.0090 or surface roughness still less.On the other hand, waterproof element---or in use, the surface of waterproof element will contact with current by drainage system at least---applies the material (preferably having above-mentioned surface roughness) that current are had low resistance.

The capping 35 of drainage system needs very firm in to bear the impact of vehicle.The suitable material that is used for capping comprises, for example, and tough iron.The capping of the drainage system among capping and Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 is suitable substantially, is not described in detail at this.Yet it should be noted that hole 2 is positioned at capping 35, for the surface water in the drainage system of Fig. 3, they are suitable with hole 16.

Liner element

23,24 is preferably by being that the material that the oneself supports is made basically, so that element can not produce significant deformation under the weight at them between frame supported point.This has just guaranteed the dipping that the place of possibility water accumulation in pipeline can not meet accident.If

liner element

23,24 is made by synthetic plastic, make the liner element of several millimeters thick, for example 3-4mm will be supported with very big meaning for the oneself of liner element.There are 4 or 5 transverse frame elements in system on the length of drainage system 500mm.

As shown in Figure 5, the bottom of drainage system is not solid, but is formed with transverse frame element 25.Similarly, the antetheca of framework and rear wall neither be solid, but extend upward part 26,26 ' and before be with 30 to form by transverse frame 25.As a result, drainage system of the present invention will be than traditional drainage system light a lot (for having the drainage system of equal length with identical maximum flow of water speed).Therefore drainage system of the present invention is easier to handle than traditional drainage system when mounted.

In addition, cross section is limited by bottom and the sidewall that 23,24 qualifications of water-resistant liner element are better than by drainage system in the pipeline that limits in drainage system.Therefore may make the possible shape of liner element make in case in the water drainage part drainage system, have with any required in the pipeline of cross section.Especially, can make drainage pipe have the cross section that band waterpower is renderd a service.

When keeping a specific maximum stream flow, provide one to have the drainage pipe of rendeing a service than the bigger waterpower of traditional water drainage part drainage system and make that the cross-sectional area of pipeline is littler than water drainage part drainage system of the present invention.The hydraulic characteristic(s) of water drainage part drainage system has further been strengthened in application with

liner element

23,24 of smooth surface.For specific Peak Flow Rate, the width of drainage system of the present invention is compared and can be reduced with traditional drainage system in other words,, and on weight, can further reduce.

The cross band (not shown) also is positioned at along on the rear wall of drainage system.This just prevents to enter drainage system during installation as concrete or other constructional materialss.Before with 30 and back band (if existence) dispensable to the structural integrity and the intensity of drainage system---framework 22 provides the structural strength of drainage system.Preceding band and back are with also so are thin more a lot of than the antetheca and the rear wall of traditional drainage system, and therefore they can not increase the weight of water drainage part drainage system greatly.Preceding band and back band can be one with framework; For example they can be poured into a mould with framework 22 one.In addition, preceding band and back band can be the parts that separate that are fixed on the framework, after framework is made---and for example, preceding band and back band can be made by thin metal material, and this thin metal material is bonded in or is welded on the framework.

The invention is not restricted to above preferred embodiment, and the possibility of a variety of modifications arranged, for example, framework 22 can be made by more frame element, it provides additional support for the water-resistant liner element 23 that type is arranged, and these add ons as Fig. 7 31 shown in, this figure is the part phantom drawing according to the drainage system of second embodiment of the invention.In this embodiment, the step part 26a ' that extends upward on the part 26 ' of the frame element on the drainage system front has been omitted, and has the front portion of type water-resistant liner 23 to be supported by additional frame element 31.

The also for example clear recess lid 32 of Fig. 7 can be positioned at type liner element 23 is arranged, to remove the fragment from interior conduit near " interior conduit ".This recess flat board 32 can be fastening by suitable fasteners 33, and can directly be fixed on having on the type liner element 23, also can be fixed on the framework 22.

Fig. 8 shows the cross-sectional view that is installed in the drainage system of the present invention on the road.Drainage system is the type shown in Fig. 7, and wherein additional frame element 31 is used to be supported with type liner element.Fig. 8 shows drainage system, and wherein interstitial hole 18 does not exist, and upper hole 2 and bottom hole 15 are only arranged.If yet the pitch wearing layer 7B of road is one deck porous asphalt layer, the front that is preferably in drainage system so is provided with an interstitial hole 18.It is suitable substantially at each layer of the road shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 2 each layer to be shown, and no longer is repeated in this description here.

The present invention carries out foregoing description with reference to the drainage system that has two pipelines.Yet the invention is not restricted to this, also can be applicable in the drainage system of the dull and stereotyped liner element 24 of omission of type shown in Figure 1.

Claims

1, a kind of drainage system comprises the framework and the first liner element, and the liner element is a watertightness, and framework is bearing frame, and supports the liner element in the drainage system of assembling, therefore forms waterpipe in the water drainage part drainage system.

2, drainage system as claimed in claim 1, its middle frame comprises a plurality of transverse frame elements, this transverse frame element is placed each other along the longitudinal axis of water drainage part drainage system, and each transverse frame element has the horizontal expansion part of the longitudinal axis extension that is basically perpendicular to the water drainage part drainage system.

3, drainage system as claimed in claim 2, its middle frame also comprise the frame element that extends axially of at least one longitudinal axis that is parallel to drainage system extension.

4, drainage system as claimed in claim 3, wherein side transverse frame element is fixed on this or each extends axially on the frame element.

5, drainage system as claimed in claim 3, wherein to extend axially frame element be an integral body to this or each of transverse frame element.

6, as drainage system arbitrary in the claim 2 to 5, wherein each transverse frame element comprises one or more firsts, its along and the direction that intersects of the longitudinal axis of drainage system, and extend with the direction that the horizontal expansion of transverse frame element is partly intersected.

7, drainage system as claimed in claim 6, wherein this or each first are positioned at the end separately of the horizontal expansion part of each transverse frame element.

8, drainage system as claimed in claim 6, wherein each transverse frame element comprises two firsts, and one places horizontal each end to the extension, and each transverse frame is U-shaped basically thus.

9, as the drainage system of claim 6,7 or 8, wherein this or each first are all substantially perpendicular to the horizontal expansion part.

10, as drainage system arbitrary in the claim 6 to 9, wherein this or the first of each transverse frame element and the horizontal expansion of transverse frame element partly are an integral body.

11, drainage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein to have be the cross section of V-arrangement to the waterpipe in drainage system basically.

12, as the drainage system of any aforementioned claim, also comprise one second liner element, this second liner element is a watertightness, framework is the first and second liner elements in the drainage system that installs of support group in use, in the water drainage part of assembling reason this in drainage system, form first and second waterpipes.

13, as the drainage system of claim 12, wherein between first waterpipe and second waterpipe, there is not fluid communication through drainage system inside.

14, as the drainage system in any aforementioned claim, wherein this or each liner element are fixed on the framework.

15, as the drainage system in any aforementioned claim, wherein this or each liner element are by current there being the material of low resistance form.

16, as the drainage system of one of claim 1 to 14, wherein this or each liner element coated have pair current that the material of low resistance is arranged.

17, as the drainage system of any aforementioned claim, wherein this or each waterproof element are self-supporting basically.