CN1755840A - Be coated with the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or low activation steel heat sink material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Be coated with the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or low activation steel heat sink material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1755840A CN1755840A CNA2005100951559A CN200510095155A CN1755840A CN 1755840 A CN1755840 A CN 1755840A CN A2005100951559 A CNA2005100951559 A CN A2005100951559A CN 200510095155 A CN200510095155 A CN 200510095155A CN 1755840 A CN1755840 A CN 1755840A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses the first wall parts that are coated with thick tungsten coating or low activation steel heat sink material and preparation method thereof.It comprises the martensite/ferritic steel of the low activation of substrate selection, and after transferred arc cleaned, the stainless steel powder of employing 70% and 30% tungsten powder were as middle adaptation layer, and adaptation layer thickness is about 0.5 millimeter; Spraying plasma arcs central temperature is at 15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 500m/s, the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 10～15 microns, coating thickness is at 2 millimeters, coating density is 78～88% of a body material, Control for Oxygen Content is 0.06～0.15% in the coating, and substrate all needs to adopt the active water-cooled that its temperature is controlled at below 500 ℃ in the whole spraying process.Low activation steel both as the support structure material also as heat sink material, directly deposit thereon through vacuum plasma spray tungsten by middle adaptation layer, solved the key difficult problem that large tracts of land connects between these two kinds of materials, it can stable state bear 1MW/m under active cooling situation
2The long term of thermal load, this kind technology are simple relatively, reliable, and can be widely applied on the nuclear fusion experimental device and the fusion reactor first wall in future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of first wall parts of nuclear fusion device, specifically is vacuum plasma spray thick tungsten coating and method thereof on the martensite/ferritic steel of low activation.
Background technology
The construction that is about to along with international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor ITER, research be fit to ITER and from now on fusion reactor require in the face of plasma material (PFM) is focus, difficult point and the forward position research topic of present fusion research, be to be directly connected to the problem that can fusion reactor from now on be realized.
Through research for many years, present generally acknowledged and alternative plasma material of facing mainly contains the tungsten of high Z (atomic number) and (C, the Be) of low Z.Wherein low Z material improves and represents the energy three product (n of fusion progress in plasma properties
eT
e* τ
E) played considerable effect in the raising.Carbon-based material (CBM) is with its low Z, good hot physics and mechanical property and be widely used in the big-and-middle-sized tokamak device so far.Lose for higher physical sputtering, chemical sputtering and radiation enhancing distillation that CBM produces owing to the particle bombardment of lotus energy, first wall is reduced serviceable life, and plasma core impurity level is raise, more main is with ITER in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus of future generation based on the D+T reaction that is representative, deposit device economy and safe operation problem that the high tritium hold-up in the carbon-coating is caused again, make CBM be subjected to considerable restraint as the possibility that following fusion reactor PFM uses.ITER has selected for use tungsten as main divertor target plate material, and with the C/C compound substance as remainder, if the high tritium retention problems that deposits again in the carbon-coating can not get fine solution,, just might adopt tungsten as the whole divertor target plate of ITER material in the ITER later stage deuterium tritium operation phase.Low Z material is for fusion reactor first wall from now on, and its life-span is too short.Use low Z material (C, Be) will be fallen more than the 3mm by sputtering etching every year; And the annual sputtering etching yield of high Z tungsten is less than 0.1mm, once calculates if first wall was changed with per 5 years, and it always corrodes yield and also is no more than 0.5mm.Obviously is a good selection with high Z tungsten and alloy thereof as PFM, is Be even the present first wall material of ITER device is fixed tentatively, and is its reservation schemes but adopt tungsten in its later stage deuterium, tritium operation phase as first wall and startup limiter material.Therefore for steady-state operation fusion reactor from now on, be about to become history with low Z material as PFM, high Z tungsten will become most promising candidate wall material.
Structured material among the present international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor ITER is mainly selected the 316L stainless steel, the integral absorbed dose of the anti-neutron irradiation of this structured material has only several dpa usually, and fusion reactor will need 80～150 dpa of ability from now on, at present martensite/the ferritic steel of low activation is the structured material that suits the requirements, and has become commercialization as the low activation steel of the EUROFER97 of the European Community and these two kinds of trades mark of F82H of Japan.For high power, steady-state operation fusion facility, shifting out in real time of high heat load is the necessary condition of first wall safe operation, and this is not only to PFM, and to itself and heat sink the connection having proposed harsh requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will provide a kind of first wall parts (low activation steel heat sink material) that are coated with thick tungsten coating and preparation method thereof, the low activation steel that is coated with thick tungsten coating can be widely applied on the first wall of nuclear fusion experimental device and following fusion reactor as the novel plasma component materials of facing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Be coated with the first wall parts or the low activation steel heat sink material of thick tungsten coating, it is characterized in that: be adaptation layer, tungsten coating in the middle of the low activation steel material surface adopts vacuum plasma spray successively, tungsten coating is as facing plasma material, low activation steel is as the support structure material or as heat sink material, and the potpourri of stainless steel powder and tungsten powder is as middle adaptation layer.
Described first wall parts or the low activation steel heat sink material that is coated with thick tungsten coating, it is characterized in that the low activation steel material adopts martensite/ferritic steel, adaptation layer thickness is the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, tungsten coating 1-3 millimeter, the stainless steel powder weight portion is 60-70% in the middle adaptation layer, and the tungsten powder weight portion is 30-40%.
Be coated with the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of low activation steel heat sink material, it is characterized in that in vacuum plasma spray equipment, with the low activation steel material is substrate, adopting vacuum plasma to spray stainless steel powder and the weight portion that weight portion is 60-70% simultaneously on substrate is that the 30-40% tungsten powder is as middle adaptation layer, on adaptation layer, adopt the vacuum plasma spray tungsten powder as thick tungsten coating again, adopt initiatively water-cooled in the whole spraying process, the temperature of substrate is controlled at 100-500 ℃.
The described first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of low activation steel heat sink material of being coated with is characterized in that with substrate after transferred arc cleans adaptation layer in the middle of the vacuum plasma spray; Spraying tungsten plasma arcs central temperature is at 15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 500m/s, the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 10～15 microns, tungsten coating density is controlled at 78～88% of body material, Control for Oxygen Content is 0.06～0.15% in the coating, the about 1-3 millimeter of tungsten coating thickness, the low activation steel material adopts martensite/ferritic steel.
Described method for making, the tungsten powder that it is characterized in that adopting 70% stainless steel powder and 30% be as middle adaptation layer, and adaptation layer thickness is about 0.5 millimeter, about 2 millimeters of tungsten coating thickness.
Fusion reactor from now on should be steady-state operation, realizes that the necessary condition of steady-state operation is: can shift out the thermal load that is deposited on the first wall in real time, from now in the fusion reactor on the common first wall thermal load flux usually at 1MW/m
2Below, therefore martensite/the ferritic steel of low activation is not only support structure material desirable in the fusion reactor, simultaneously also can be directly as heat sink material, to save the large tracts of land connectivity problem of structured material and heat sink material like this, and only need the implementation structure material and face getting final product direct connection the between the plasma material.
Tungsten has been reaffirmed to be most promising candidate's wall material in the fusion reactor from now on, but its normal temperature subordinate fragility, the fusing point of tungsten is the highest in all metals, oxidation easily in the process, and this kind of grievous injury coating is as the performance in the face of plasma material.The elastic modulus and the thermal expansivity (near 4 times) of tungsten and low activation steel differ bigger simultaneously, how to realize that the large tracts of land of such two kinds of very big materials of performance difference connects, and be quite thorny.
The present invention directly realizes high-quality thick film tungsten coating by vacuum plasma spray on the low activation steel material is heat sink.Adopt vacuum plasma spray, directly will hang down the martensite/ferritic steel of activation as heat sink material, under the situation of water flowing cooling, more easily substrate temperature is controlled at, can suppresses in the coating tungsten grain so preferably and grow up and reduce residual stresses in coatings below 500 ℃; By the material property optimal design, select for use the stainless steel powder of 0.5 millimeters thick 70% and 30% tungsten powder as middle adaptation layer, can solve the residual stress problems after the big material of two kinds of performance differences connects preferably, make coat system when bearing the stable state high heat load, the requirement that its life-span obtains expecting; Using plasma arc central temperature is at 15000K, and plasma arcs speed is at 500m/s, can realize well that average powder diameter is 10～15 microns tungsten spraying; Under the situation of strictness control impurity and atmosphere, oxygen content can be controlled in 0.06～0.15% scope in the coating, and the coating density of realization is 78～88% of a body material.Such coat system function admirable in the experiment of active heat of cooling load, can be born to stable state 2～2.5MW/m
2Each 100 seconds of thermal load, the effect more than 1000 times.Can satisfy present fusion assay device and fusion reactor first wall 2～3mm thick tungsten coating life requirements from now on fully.
Technology of the present invention is simple relatively, reliable, and can be widely applied on the first wall of nuclear fusion experimental device and following fusion reactor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing patent of the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the martensite/ferritic steel that at first will hang down activation is processed into water jacket as shown in the figure, and water jacket is of a size of 100 * 50 * 15, and the thickness of spraying face water jacket is 5 millimeters, and all the other each face thicknesses of water jacket are 4 millimeters, with the both sides connection water pipe of burn-oning respectively.After the pressure leak detection is qualified, spraying face is through processing and being installed on the vacuum plasma spray equipment such as sandblasting, the water pipe and the chilled water at two ends connect, and the face that will spray again after vacuumizing cleans through transferred arc, and needing to adopt initiatively in the spraying process, water-cooled is controlled at substrate temperature below 500 ℃ always.The tungsten powder that at first adopts 70% stainless steel powder and 30% in spraying process is as middle adaptation layer, and adaptation layer thickness is about 0.5 millimeter; Spraying plasma arcs central temperature is at 15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 500m/s, and the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 10～15 microns, and coating thickness is in 2 millimeter, coating density is 78～88% of a body material, and Control for Oxygen Content is in 0.06～0.15% scope in the coating.
During use, such module is connected respectively to through the two ends water pipe on the built-in chilled water of fusion facility, after the water flowing cooling, just can be relievedly reaches on the first wall of fusion reactor from now on as using in the face of the plasma parts at nuclear fusion experimental device.
Claims (5)
1. be coated with the first wall parts or the low activation steel heat sink material of thick tungsten coating, it is characterized in that: be adaptation layer, tungsten coating in the middle of the low activation steel material surface adopts vacuum plasma spray successively, tungsten coating is as facing plasma material, low activation steel is as the support structure material or as heat sink material, and the potpourri of stainless steel powder and tungsten powder is as middle adaptation layer.
2. first wall parts or the low activation steel heat sink material that is coated with thick tungsten coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the low activation steel material adopts martensite/ferritic steel, adaptation layer thickness is the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, tungsten coating 1-3 millimeter, the stainless steel powder weight portion is 60-70% in the middle adaptation layer, and the tungsten powder weight portion is 30-40%.
3. be coated with the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of low activation steel heat sink material, it is characterized in that in vacuum plasma spray equipment, with the low activation steel material is substrate, adopting vacuum plasma to spray stainless steel powder and the weight portion that weight portion is 60-70% simultaneously on substrate is that the 30-40% tungsten powder is as middle adaptation layer, on adaptation layer, adopt the vacuum plasma spray tungsten powder as thick tungsten coating again, adopt initiatively water-cooled in the whole spraying process, the temperature of substrate is controlled at 100-500 ℃.
4. the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of low activation steel heat sink material of being coated with according to claim 3 is characterized in that with substrate after transferred arc cleans adaptation layer in the middle of the vacuum plasma spray; Spraying tungsten plasma arcs central temperature is at 15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 500m/s, the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 10～15 microns, tungsten coating density is controlled at 78～88% of body material, Control for Oxygen Content is 0.06～0.15% in the coating, the about 1-3 millimeter of tungsten coating thickness, the low activation steel material adopts martensite/ferritic steel.
5. method for making according to claim 3, the tungsten powder that it is characterized in that adopting 70% stainless steel powder and 30% be as middle adaptation layer, and adaptation layer thickness is about 0.5 millimeter, about 2 millimeters of tungsten coating thickness.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101845578A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-29 | 徐州工程学院 | First wall part made of doped tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102140625A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-08-03 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Method for preparing plasma-oriented tungsten coating used in fusion reactor by using tungsten carbonyl as precursor |
| CN102564831A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for clamping embedded sample detachable from first wall part of nuclear fusion experimental device for analysis |
| CN102610285A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Structure utilizing metal tungsten as first wall material of magnetic confinement reactor |
| CN101567225B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | first wall part with wolfram coat having grid structure |
| CN104409107A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Superconducting magnetic confinement fusion reactor fast thermal neutron coupled water-cooled tritium production solid cladding layer |
| CN106181015A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | The U-shaped manufacturing process containing runner the first wall components of the attached tungsten of a kind of fusion reactor blanket |
| CN109887616A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Coolant-free first wall part of fusion reactor based on heat conduction of carbon nano tube |
| CN110144540A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-20 | 深圳大学 | Covering the first wall tungsten composite coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN111415761A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-14 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma-oriented part and fusion device |
| CN112927822A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | First wall with tritium resistance function for fusion reactor and preparation method |
| CN115369400A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-22 | 深圳大学 | Tungsten armor applied to first wall of cladding of nuclear fusion device and preparation method thereof |
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| JP3119948B2 (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 2000-12-25 | 株式会社東芝 | Plasma facing equipment for fusion reactors |
| DE19714433C2 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2002-08-01 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Process for producing a coating with a titanium boride content of at least 80% by weight |
| CN1157493C (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-07-14 | 北京科技大学 | Functional gradient boron carbide/copper coating material and its prepn |
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| CN101567225B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | first wall part with wolfram coat having grid structure |
| CN101845578A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-29 | 徐州工程学院 | First wall part made of doped tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102140625A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-08-03 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | Method for preparing plasma-oriented tungsten coating used in fusion reactor by using tungsten carbonyl as precursor |
| CN102564831A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for clamping embedded sample detachable from first wall part of nuclear fusion experimental device for analysis |
| CN102610285A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Structure utilizing metal tungsten as first wall material of magnetic confinement reactor |
| CN104409107A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Superconducting magnetic confinement fusion reactor fast thermal neutron coupled water-cooled tritium production solid cladding layer |
| CN106181015A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | The U-shaped manufacturing process containing runner the first wall components of the attached tungsten of a kind of fusion reactor blanket |
| CN111415761A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-14 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma-oriented part and fusion device |
| CN111415761B (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2022-03-11 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma-oriented part and fusion device |
| CN109887616A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Coolant-free first wall part of fusion reactor based on heat conduction of carbon nano tube |
| CN109887616B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2024-02-20 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Coolant-free fusion reactor first wall part based on carbon nano tube heat conduction |
| CN110144540A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-20 | 深圳大学 | Covering the first wall tungsten composite coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN110144540B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳大学 | Tungsten composite coating for first wall of cladding and preparation method thereof |
| CN112927822A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | First wall with tritium resistance function for fusion reactor and preparation method |
| CN115369400A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-22 | 深圳大学 | Tungsten armor applied to first wall of cladding of nuclear fusion device and preparation method thereof |
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