CN1753279A - Multispeed regulated brushless parmanent magnet direct current stator winding - Google Patents

Multispeed regulated brushless parmanent magnet direct current stator winding Download PDF

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CN1753279A
CN1753279A CN 200510094356 CN200510094356A CN1753279A CN 1753279 A CN1753279 A CN 1753279A CN 200510094356 CN200510094356 CN 200510094356 CN 200510094356 A CN200510094356 A CN 200510094356A CN 1753279 A CN1753279 A CN 1753279A
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winding
motor
windings
phase
stator
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华永伟
霍桐章
胡燕英
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Abstract

This invention relates to a brushless DC motor stator winding, in which, the head and tail of each phase stator winding are connected and the connector end of two adjacent windings is connected with the related output end of the supply controller, the connector ends of the other two adjacent windings are connected with a star-like winding and the connector of the two adjacent windings and the other end of the star-like winding are taken as the shift connecting line to connect related output of the supply controller.

Description

The brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding of many velocity modulation joints
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of structure of brushless permanent-magnet DC stator winding, the brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding of especially many velocity modulation joints.
Background technology
Along with the progress of electron controls technology, the brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine obviously is better than brush motor on using.The stator coil winding of the brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine of electric vehicle is in the position of axis, thereby the combination property that improves the effort raising electric motor car of its motor performance is being carried out always:
CN 00229603.9 relates to a kind of stator winding of soft gear shift brushless permanent-magnet DC.What quote is the method for speed regualtion of AC motor, do not carry out under the situation of special design at winding connection, only be applicable to the star winding connection, not being suitable for ring-shaped winding (being typically delta windings) connects, the stator winding of every phase is designed to 2~8 sections, and the lead-out wire of every section winding all constitutes the connecting line of a gear shift separately.Make power supply or control system and every phase winding draw line end accordingly and be connected, its purpose is in order to be met the operation characteristic of motor vehicle requirement.For obtaining the software feature of similar string pole motor, there is starting torque big, grade climbing performance is strong, can run on arbitrary speed of high, medium and low speed, and control is convenient, can simplify electric motor car speed adjusting gear and operation.But its motor working efficiency is not high; Because the stator winding of every phase is designed to 2~8 sections, this coiling group that just means 2~8 sections tick-over couplings is vacant, and in fact product designs market product according to this, and the number of turn that is specifically designed to the coiling group of tick-over coupling accounts for about 40% of total number of turns.This just must cause design of electrical motor to optimize, because obviously this motor is difficult to obtain permanent power output, in fact this kind motor also can't be pursued electric efficiency.Than large speed ratio the time, can not guarantee the roughly power output of balance.The brushless, permanently excited direct current motor of electric vehicle of the prior art has only usually on winding is established a gear is set, thereby makes the speed of service of motor and moment be limited in a certain scope.And for example, CN95200391.0, CN97240984.X etc., mainly the stator and rotor structure of brushless permanent-magnet DC openly.
The Y-Δ connection of three traditional phase windings can change rotating speed and moment, and can guarantee the more stable power output of motor, but its speed ratio is too big, almost approaches 1: 2, is difficult to directly apply in the electric motor car.
Compare with the brush direct current machine is arranged, the technology of brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine has obtained significant progress, and as multiple-grooved and many designs to electrode, electric vehicle motor has adopted the stator structure of 40 pairs of magnetic poles, 36 groove rules at present.Certainly, the scheme of the 20 pairs of magnetic poles, 20-30 groove rule also has more occupation rate of market.Take the design of fractional-slot to make that the bearing capacity of power overload of motor is big in the stator design, and the electron controls technology to brushless electric machine also reaches its maturity, except commonly used cooperates the three phase mains control circuit with the threephase stator winding, (thereby the position that utilizes Hall element to differentiate rotor provides different winding conductions, thereby rotating magnetic field is provided).Heterogeneous control technology also has report.
Do not find as yet at present on stator design, to guarantee metastable power output, guarantee the technology report of electric efficiency at the brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine.Because the property class of brushless, permanently excited direct current motor of the prior art is similar to and the characteristic of utmost point DC motor, so exist motor can not look after the demand of various operating conditions aspect operation characteristic.Because because the operational speed range broad of motor vehicle, per hour the 20-30 kilometer is its requirement commonly used, but can reach per hour (being used for electricity rubs) more than 100 kilometers in the speed of service on the highway, in the urban district or the speed during driveaway operation then lower.So, the brushless, permanently excited direct current motor of existing electric vehicle usually is in following situation: when looking after the motor vehicle starting, when the speed of climbing response and torque request, the high speed performance of its motor then can not get guaranteeing: and after the requirement of the high speed characteristics that has satisfied motor, moment when the low-speed performance of its motor and starting is not enough again, both can not take into account simultaneously, therefore, be necessary to seek a kind of approach, make the brushless, permanently excited direct current motor of electric vehicle can satisfy high-speed cruising performance demands on the level and smooth road (this moment is lower to the requirement of torque), can guarantee again (comprise the rate request that goes up a slope in the slope, this often becomes the index of the most worth showing off on the electric vehicle performance) under the low cruise condition and when starting the characteristic requirement of moment properties.The number of magnetic poles of brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine is fixed, and existing change number of poles technology is impracticable.According to the principle of generally acknowledging: the torque of brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine becomes positive correlation with umber of turn.
In addition, also have other structure that exchanges three phase electric machine, differ from the wiring of the three-phase motor stator winding that two groups of windings of 180 degree constitute as every route, it is the ten two-phase electric machine modes of connection.Suitably choose the lead number of turn and the cross section of every phase, can when motor moves, produce 12 symmetrical magnetic potentials.Its objective is in order to offset the low-order harmonic magnetic potential.Be not suitable for the direct current machine of electric vehicle yet.
Existing motor is low more at rotating speed, and under the equal-wattage situation, often efficiency of motor is low more, in the electric motor car actual travel, when starting or climb, requires motor speed low, and torque (moment) will strengthen, and is then opposite on the level land.These two kinds of operating modes all require motor to work under the maximal efficiency situation, to satisfy the desired power requirement of electric motor car.There is not brshless DC motor in the stator winding design, can guarantee under the different rotating speeds situation as yet, can guarantees the output equal-wattage.So electric motor car can not be looked after the demand of various operating conditions in operation characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: at deficiency of the prior art, a kind of brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding that is suitable for many velocity modulation joints that has is proposed, assurance has metastable power output, particularly guarantee the operating efficiency of motor, the distribution that guarantees umber of turn simultaneously is reasonable, and the scope of speed ratio reaches practical requirement, can be desirable be used for electric motor car, make it to have good gearshift and variable speed capability, and can be directly used in the driving electric motor car.
Be suitable for the brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding of many velocity modulation joints, every phase stator winding headtotail of motor, and the corresponding output end that all connects power-supply controller of electric at the tip side of adjacent two windings, the tip side of adjacent two windings all connects a star winding in addition, be that corresponding every phase winding all connects a star winding, the other end of the tip side of adjacent two windings and star winding all is connected the corresponding output end of power-supply controller of electric as the gearshift connecting line.The above is basic technical scheme, corresponding second gear speed governing state.
When design of electrical motor became three phase windings, every phase stator winding headtotail was exactly typical delta connection.In fact all are feasible technical schemes mutually two to eight.
Further improvement of the present invention is, stator winding structure to permanent magnet direct current motor improves, every phase star design of Windings becomes 1-5 section winding, be equivalent under the situation of 2-5 section winding, be respectively equipped with 1 to 4 of tap, the lead-out wire of tap between per two sections windings, also constitute the connecting line of gearshift, form the multi phase stator winding of many velocity modulation joints.Correspondence the different working condition of electric motor car when each different gearshift line connected power-supply controller of electric.
The present invention can be used for the above brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine to eight phases of two-phase stator winding structure, every all have stator winding mutually, commonly used is three, four, six phases, the increase of stator phase does not exceed the scope of the invention.Various state rectification brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machines all do not exceed the scope of the invention yet.
Characteristics of the present invention are: can satisfy the desired power requirement of electric motor car all requiring motor to work under the maximal efficiency situation at a high speed and under two kinds of operating modes of low-speed high-torque.This have a brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding that is suitable for many velocity modulations joint, assurance has metastable power output, particularly guarantee the operating efficiency of motor, the distribution that guarantees umber of turn simultaneously is reasonable, the scope of speed ratio reaches practical requirement, can be desirable be used for electric motor car, make it to have good gearshift and variable speed capability, and can be directly used in the driving electric motor car.The efficient height, advantage such as ratio coverage is big, and is practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's three velocity modulations joint threephase stator winding schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is that the present invention's three velocity modulations save six phase stator winding schematic diagrames
Among Fig. 1, U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2 are the triangle windings, and A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2 are the star windings.A3, B3, C3 are the tap of star winding.
U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2, X1-X2, Y1-Y2, Z1-Z2 are the hexagonal windings among Fig. 2, and A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2, D1-D2, E1-E2, F1-F2 are the star windings.A3, B3, C3, D3, F3, E3 are the tap of star winding.
Embodiment
Shown in Figure 1, a kind of embodiment is the stator winding structure of three fast brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machines, have two group of three phase winding, wherein one group of three phase winding U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2 adopt delta connection, another organizes three phase winding A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2 adopt star connection, the star winding is also received on the contact that per two windings of triangle connect, all windings insert be power output end when meeting A1, B1, C1 torque insert (power output end meets A2, B2, C2) greater than single triangle winding.The three-phase power line of the output of the power-supply controller of electric of brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine is received (power output end meets A2, B2, C2) on U1-U2, V1-V2, the W1-W2 winding respectively, this moment, motor ran up, if receive on A1, B1, the C1, then motor is done slightly low speed running.Above-mentioned is the connection structure of the stator winding of two-speed three-phase brushless permanent magnet DC motor, also can be reflected in this figure, if receive centre cap A3, the B3 of winding A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2, when C3 is last, then motor can the third speed running, and the speed of motor is between above-mentioned two speed.
As mentioned above, on stator core, embed first group of three groups of winding that the number of turn is more earlier, U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2, and then on the iron core of former stator, embed second group of three phase winding that the number of turn is less, A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2.First group of three groups of more winding of the number of turn connects with delta connection, U1-W2, V1-U2, W1-V2 connect, less three phase windings of second group of number of turn are received on the winding that triangle that first group of winding constitute connects by the Y-connection mode then, and promptly A2 is connected respectively with W1-V2 with V1-U2, C2 with U1-W2, B2.When power-supply controller of electric output is received on U1, V1, three nodes of W1, promptly be connected on the delta windings, this moment, motor ran up.When the needs motor was made low-speed running, on A1, B1, three nodes of C1, the star that promptly connects into was mixed with triangle and is connected on the winding with the output three-phase power line changing-over of power-supply controller of electric, this moment the motor work than low-speed running, but output torque is bigger.The number of turn of star winding accounts for about the 8-35% of total number of turns effect preferably.
The mutual conversion of A1, B1, three nodes of C1 and U1, V1, three nodes of W1 can be switched by relay, and the turn ratio by two groups of windings of reasonable arrangement can provide speed ratio 1 easily: in the 1.2-1.6 relative broad range.Be applicable to the actual requirement of electric motor car, promptly when starting and climb, use low or first gear, use top gear when fair speed, can protect controller and battery, can prolong the distance that continues of electric motor car again.
Power output end meets a set of joints A3, B3, C3 and connects another group A1, B1, C1 joint also is embodiments of the invention, this just is equivalent to delta windings and adds the corresponding output end that a star winding is a work winding connection power-supply controller of electric, and each star winding connects a winding, the connecting line of a winding that connects again connects the corresponding output end of power-supply controller of electric, also corresponding second gear speed governing state.Various the setting of coil do not exceed scope of the present invention yet.
Above-mentioned every group of three tie point A1, B1, C1; A2, B2, C2; The mutual conversion of A3, B3, C3 3 winding points can be switched by relay, also can pass through other contact change over switch, comprises that solid-state switch etc. all can.By the turn ratios of two groups of reasonable arrangements coiling, can provide speed ratio 1 easily: in the 1.2-1.6 relative broad range, this motor practicality be good, can directly use electric motor car, makes that also the operating state of control circuit of motor is more reasonable, reliable operation.The number of turn of star winding accounts for about the 10-16% of total number of turns better effect.
Fig. 2 U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2, X1-X2, Y1-Y2, Z1-Z2 are the hexagonal windings, and A1-A2, B1-B2, C1-C2, D1-D2, E1-E2, F1-F2 are the star windings.A3, B3, C3, D3, F3, E3 are the tap of star winding.The mode that connects and work and Fig. 1 complete class are seldom given unnecessary details together.Four phases, five phases even eight all do not exceed scope of the present invention mutually.Equally, tap to two to four taps also fully within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides can low rate start, and the stator winding form of the brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine that can run at high speed again replaces existing brush-less permanent magnetic direct current machine, and it is good to have performance, efficient height, advantage such as ratio coverage is big, and is practical.The present invention is used for that electric vehicle motor can adopt about 40 pairs of magnetic poles, the stator structure of 36 groove left and right sides rules.Also can be used for about 20 pairs of magnetic poles, the structure of 20-30 groove left and right sides rule.Can take the design of fractional-slot in the stator design, the bearing capacity of the power overload of motor is big, also this point as can be seen in test report.
The test report of the rated power 350W (three-phase) of motor shows: table 1, when the number of turn of star winding accounted for the 10-16% of total number of turns, when delta windings added the star winding, input power was equal more than 80% in the efficient of 265-700W.As seen when the transform power of the 350W left and right sides, all export with permanent power.Table 2, when delta windings, the above electric efficiency of input power 185-550W is equal more than 80%.Two kinds of operating mode efficient are all extremely desirable.
Table 1
Sequence number Voltage Electric current Input power Moment Rotating speed Power output Efficient
?V ?I ?P1(W) ?Nm ?rpm ?P2(W) ?%
?1 ?48.03 ?0.804 ?38.64 ?0.28 ?319.4 ?9.36 ?24.2
?2 ?48.03 ?0.910 ?43.71 ?0.34 ?319.1 ?11.35 ?25.9
?3 ?48.03 ?1.082 ?52.00 ?0.64 ?317.7 ?21.28 ?40.9
?4 ?48.03 ?1.299 ?62.44 ?0.97 ?316.6 ?32.15 ?51.4
?5 ?48.03 ?1.598 ?76.76 ?1.38 ?314.6 ?45.45 ?59.2
?6 ?48.03 ?1.924 ?92.44 ?1.89 ?312.1 ?61.75 ?66.8
?7 ?48.03 ?2.306 ?110.7 ?2.47 ?309.5 ?80.03 ?72.2
?8 ?48.02 ?2.774 ?133.2 ?3.12 ?306.5 ?100.1 ?75.1
?9 ?48.02 ?3.276 ?157.3 ?3.92 ?302.5 ?124.1 ?78.8
?10 ?48.02 ?3.815 ?183.2 ?4.68 ?299.5 ?146.5 ?79.8
?11 ?48.02 ?4.404 ?211.5 ?5.58 ?294.9 ?172.2 ?81.4
?12 ?48.02 ?4.931 ?236.8 ?6.53 ?290.8 ?198.8 ?83.9
?13 ?48.02 ?5.605 ?269.2 ?7.39 ?287.3 ?222.2 ?82.5
?14 ?48.02 ?6.21 ?298.2 ?8.44 ?282.2 ?249.3 ?83.6
?15 ?48.02 ?6.845 ?328.7 ?9.40 ?277.9 ?273.5 ?83.2
?16 ?48.01 ?7.559 ?363.0 ?10.44 ?274.0 ?299.5 ?82.5
?17 ?48.01 ?8.881 ?423.1 ?12.68 ?264.2 ?350.8 ?82.9
?18 ?48.01 ?9.425 ?452.5 ?13.69 ?260.1 ?372.8 ?82.3
?19 ?48.01 ?10.13 ?486.8 ?14.74 ?256.8 ?396.8 ?81.4
?20 ?48.00 ?10.82 ?519.8 ?15.85 ?252.4 ?418.8 ?80.5
?21 ?48.00 ?11.50 ?552.5 ?17.05 ?247.9 ?442.5 ?80.0
?22 ?48.00 ?12.20 ?585.8 ?18.10 ?243.9 ?462.2 ?78.8
?23 ?48.00 ?12.87 ?618.1 ?19.31 ?239.5 ?484.2 ?78.3
?24 ?48.01 ?13.54 ?650.5 ?20.40 ?235.7 ?503.4 ?77.3
?25 ?48.00 ?14.23 ?683.2 ?21.51 ?231.6 ?521.6 ?76.3
?26 ?48.01 ?14.94 ?717.6 ?22.79 ?227.5 ?542.2 ?75.6
?27 ?48.01 ?15.54 ?746.5 ?23.77 ?224.1 ?557.7 ?74.4
Sequence number Voltage Electric current Input power Moment Rotating speed Power output Efficient
?V ?I ?P1(W) ?Nm ?rpm ?P2(W) ?%
?1 ?48 ?1.254 ?60.22 ?0.28 ?430.7 ?12.62 ?20.9
?2 ?48 ?1.253 ?60.15 ?0.29 ?430.2 ?13.06 ?21.7
?3 ?48 ?1.429 ?68.62 ?0.48 ?429.5 ?21.58 ?31.4
?4 ?48 ?1.661 ?79.75 ?0.73 ?427.7 ?32.68 ?40.9
?5 ?48 ?1.971 ?94.64 ?1.1 ?425.9 ?49.05 ?51.8
?6 ?48 ?2.411 ?115.7 ?1.54 ?423.1 ?68.21 ?58.9
?7 ?48 ?2.907 ?139.5 ?2.13 ?420.0 ?93.66 ?67.1
?8 ?47.99 ?3.47 ?166.5 ?2.73 ?416.2 ?118.9 ?71.4
?9 ?47.99 ?4.132 ?198.3 ?3.45 ?411.7 ?148.7 ?74.9
?10 ?47.99 ?4.791 ?229.9 ?4.24 ?406.8 ?180.5 ?78.5
?11 ?47.99 ?5.556 ?266.9 ?5.09 ?402.1 ?214.2 ?80.2
?12 ?47.99 ?6.325 ?303.5 ?5.95 ?396.8 ?247.1 ?81.4
?13 ?47.99 ?7.093 ?340.4 ?6.87 ?391.6 ?281.6 ?82.7
?14 ?47.98 ?8.029 ?385.2 ?7.81 ?385.8 ?315.4 ?81.8
?15 ?47.98 ?8.812 ?422.8 ?8.78 ?380.1 ?349.3 ?82.6
?16 ?47.98 ?9.376 ?449.9 ?9.52 ?375.6 ?374.3 ?83.2
?17 ?47.98 ?10.17 ?488.3 ?10.45 ?370.2 ?405.0 ?82.9
?18 ?47.98 ?11.00 ?528.2 ?11.43 ?365.2 ?437.0 ?82.7
?19 ?47.98 ?11.92 ?572.1 ?12.48 ?359.1 ?469.2 ?82.0
?20 ?47.97 ?12.82 ?615.5 ?13.52 ?353.0 ?499.6 ?81.1
?21 ?47.97 ?13.64 ?654.7 ?14.54 ?348.3 ?530.2 ?80.9
?22 ?47.97 ?14.5 ?696.1 ?15.57 ?341.9 ?557.3 ?80.0

Claims (7)

1, the brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator winding of many velocity modulation joints, the every phase stator winding headtotail that it is characterized in that motor, and the corresponding output end that all connects power-supply controller of electric at the tip side of adjacent two windings, the tip side of adjacent two windings all connects a star winding in addition, be that corresponding every phase winding all connects a star winding, the other end of the tip side of adjacent two windings and star winding all is connected the corresponding output end of power-supply controller of electric as the gearshift connecting line.
2, by the described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator of claim 1 winding, the stator winding that it is characterized in that motor is two-phase to eight phase.
3, by claim 1 or 2 described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator windings, it is characterized in that the stator winding structure of permanent magnet direct current motor is improved, every phase star design of Windings becomes 1-5 section winding, be provided with the tap lead-out wire between per two sections windings, also constitute the connecting line of gearshift, form the multi phase stator winding of many velocity modulation joints.
4, by claim 1 or 2 described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator windings, when it is characterized in that motor is three phase windings, every phase stator winding headtotail is a delta connection.
5,, it is characterized in that the number of turn of star winding accounts for the 8-35% of total number of turns by the described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator of claim 1 winding.
6,, it is characterized in that the number of turn of star winding accounts for the 10-16% of total number of turns by the described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator of claim 5 winding.
7, by the described brush-less permanent magnetic DC motor stator of claim 1 winding, when the stator that it is characterized in that motor is three phase windings, it is the corresponding output end that a work winding connects power-supply controller of electric that delta windings adds a star winding, and each star winding connects a winding, the connecting line of a winding that connects again connects the corresponding output end of power-supply controller of electric, also corresponding second gear speed governing state.
CN 200510094356 2005-09-14 2005-09-14 Multispeed regulated brushless parmanent magnet direct current stator winding Pending CN1753279A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102158172A (en) * 2011-02-18 2011-08-17 刘行 Motor drive system
CN107026527A (en) * 2017-05-17 2017-08-08 北京佳宇康华科技有限公司 Multi-tap winding wide speed-regulation permanent-magnet synchronous motor
CN107086749A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-08-22 罗寿元 Electric car Dual-speed Single-winding magneto
CN108063502A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-22 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Magneto and compressor
WO2019128051A1 (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-04 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Permanent magnet motor and compressor
CN113489201A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-08 南京师范大学 Wide-high-efficiency-area hybrid linear concentrated winding permanent magnet motor system and control method

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102158172A (en) * 2011-02-18 2011-08-17 刘行 Motor drive system
CN102158172B (en) * 2011-02-18 2013-09-25 刘行 Motor drive system
CN107026527A (en) * 2017-05-17 2017-08-08 北京佳宇康华科技有限公司 Multi-tap winding wide speed-regulation permanent-magnet synchronous motor
CN107086749A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-08-22 罗寿元 Electric car Dual-speed Single-winding magneto
CN107086749B (en) * 2017-06-09 2023-09-05 河北双灿机械科技有限公司 Single-winding double-speed permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle
CN108063502A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-22 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Magneto and compressor
WO2019128051A1 (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-04 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Permanent magnet motor and compressor
US11496007B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2022-11-08 Anhui Meizhi Precision Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Permanent magnet motor and compressor
CN113489201A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-08 南京师范大学 Wide-high-efficiency-area hybrid linear concentrated winding permanent magnet motor system and control method
CN113489201B (en) * 2021-06-30 2022-07-29 南京师范大学 Wide-high-efficiency-area hybrid linear concentrated winding permanent magnet motor system and control method

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