A kind of production method that is rich in GABA highed milled rice and products thereof
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of GABA (GABA) highed milled rice production method and products thereof that is rich in, particular content relates to a kind of method that GABA highed milled rice is rich in the biotechnology of enzymes preparation that utilizes in the brown rice germination process, belongs to technical field of food biotechnology.
Two, technical background:
(γ's GABA-Aminobutyric acid GABA) extensively is formed in the bodies of aminal and plant as a kind of nonprotein amino acid.The neurotransmitter that GABA wants as body weight for humans, have hypotensive, improve that brain blood circulates, calms the nerves, strong kidney, sharp liver and improve physiological action such as lipid-metabolism.The food that is rich in GABA is with health role, can be used as a kind of functional food, and therefore its developmental research also comes into one's own.During brown rice germination, a large amount of proenzymes are activated and discharge, and its inside a series of Physiology and biochemistries has taken place changed, and make in the brown rice material that human body is had a physiologically active obtain enrichment, and particularly GABA content significantly raises.Calendar year 2001, the Japanese market released the sprouted unpolished rice that is rich in GABA.The report of Japan is just studied the hypoxemia and the temperature conditions of promotion GABA enrichment in the brown rice germination process, and to making it to form adverse circumstance, the Ca of Tian Jiaing simultaneously by adding the collaborative hypoxemia dipping of acid in the brown rice germination process
2+And V
B6Improve the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), make sprouted unpolished rice enrichment GABA, this research does not on the one hand then appear in the newspapers.
Three, summary of the invention:
Technical problem production method provided by the invention is at Chinese's eating habit, close with mouthfeel and be rich in the highed milled rice of GABA through germinateing, obtain after the pearling a kind of and common rice outward appearance with nutritious but color and luster is pale brown, mouthfeel is not good enough brown rice; The 2nd, adopt sterilization, liquid infiltration and regularly change technology such as nutrient solution, problem such as microorganism is restive when having avoided semidry method to cultivate sprouted unpolished rice; The 3rd, adopt V
B6Replace expensive phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), with CaCl
2The common GAD activity that improves makes a large amount of enrichment GABA in the sprouted unpolished rice, and this production method has low, the effective advantage of cost.
The production method of the technical scheme a kind of GABA of being rich in highed milled rice of the present invention is brown rice to be immersed add 0.1~1.0gL
-1CaCl
2, 1~4gL
-1L or 3~12gL
-1Glutamine, 0.5~2.5gL
-1Ascorbic acid or 0.2~1.2gL
-1Lactic acid and 0.2gL
-1~2.5gL
-1Cultivate in the vitamin B6 composition water planting liquid, throughput is 0.1~3.0Lmin
-1, 16~40 ℃ of temperature.Cultivate 12h~72h, the long 0.5~4.0mm of rice bud.In the brown rice germination process, endogenous glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is activated, and the L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) of catalysis self and the L-MSG or the Gln that add make sprouted unpolished rice enrichment GABA.After sprouted unpolished rice drying, the pearling, obtain being rich in the highed milled rice of GABA.A kind of highed milled rice that is rich in GABA is characterized in that, is creamy white, glossy, figure's homogeneous, and GABA content is 8.5~12mg100g
-1, starch 65~75g100g
-1, soluble protein 0.2~0.3g100g
-1, reduced sugar 5~8g100g
-1, free amino acid 70~85mg100g
-1
The production method of the highed milled rice of above-mentioned a kind of GABA of being rich in is specially:
(1) raw material: adopt rough rice fruit or cargo rice or Rough glutinous rice as raw material.Its paddy all is that paddy rice and the part drought that each landlord of China plants given birth to rice varieties, and the grains are plump, no field trash.
(2) rice huller paddy: remove the paddy shell with going out rough machine, obtain brown rice.Brown rice through sieve, after the removal of impurities, sorting the brown rice grain of full seed.
(3) nutrient solution: the composition of nutrient solution is prepared by following concentration: L-MSG 1gL
-1~4gL
-1Or Gln 3gL
-1~12gL
-1, CaCl
20.1gL
-1~1.0gL
-1, ASA0.5gL
-1~2.5gL
-1(or LA0.2gL
-1~1.2gL
-1), V
B60.2gL
-1~2.5gL
-1
(4) soak: place tank to soak in brown rice, water temperature is 20 ℃, and the time is 8h.Between the brown rice soak period, cut off the water supply once each 15min every 2h.
(5) sterilization: after the brown rice after the immersion immerses among 0.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis 30min sterilization, for several times with the clear water flushing.
(6) germinate: the nylon net bag that brown rice will be housed places culture tank, is that 1: 3 ratio adds the nutrient solution cultivation in the mass ratio of brown rice and nutrient solution, and throughput is 0.5Lmin
-1~2.0Lmin
-1, germination 12h~72h under 16 ℃~40 ℃ constant temperature dark conditions, every 12h upgrades nutrient solution once.
(7) enzyme that goes out: adopt the hot water enzyme mode of going out, 90 ℃ of water temperatures, blanching 6min under 1: 1 the condition of solid-liquid ratio cools off centrifugal dehydration behind the enzyme that goes out.
(8) drying: adopt the dry sprouted unpolished rice of stage temperature-raising method.When EAT is 40 ℃ in proper order the baking 2h, 50 ℃ the baking 2h, dry by the fire in the time of 65 ℃ to the sprouted unpolished rice water content about 12%.
(9) pearling: dried sprouted unpolished rice pearling in the blowing-type rice mill.
Sprouted unpolished rice obtains highed milled rice after pearling, finished product milky, glossy, figure's homogeneous; GABA content 8.5~15mg100g
-1, starch 65~75g100g
-1, soluble protein 0.2~0.3g100g
-1, reduced sugar 5~8g100g
-1, free amino acid 70~85mg100g
-1
A kind of production method that is rich in GABA highed milled rice of beneficial effect the present invention utilizes organic acids such as ascorbic acid and lactic acid to reduce nutrient solution pH, adds CaCl
2And V
B6, improve GAD activity in the sprouted unpolished rice, with the L-glutamic acid of self and the L-sodium glutamate or the glutamine of interpolation, make its a large amount of enrichment GABA after, again it is carried out pearling and handles, this does not still have relevant report at home and abroad.
Compared with prior art, the highed milled rice of a kind of GABA of being rich in that the present invention relates to has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes under acidifying and the hypoxemia stress conditions, and endogenous GA D is activated during brown rice germination, and L-Glu of self and the MSG of interpolation (or Gln) are transformed, and enrichment has the GABA of physiological action to human body.
(2) the present invention utilizes organic acids such as ascorbic acid and lactic acid to reduce nutrient solution pH, makes environment pH be tending towards the GAD optimal pH, carries out the GABA enrichment.Nutrient solution safety, nontoxic.
(3) the present invention utilizes acidifying and soaks the adverse circumstance that forms hypoxemia in the brown rice germination process, adds Ca simultaneously
2+And V
B6, improve the GAD activity, realize GABA a large amount of enrichments in sprouted unpolished rice.
(4) the present invention is brown rice nutritious but that color and luster is pale brown, mouthfeel is not good enough, and after germination, drying and pearling, what obtain outward appearance and good mouthfeel is rich in GABA highed milled rice, has taken into account the requirement of consumer to nutrition and food flavor, and product has wide prospect of production.
(5) the present invention produces simple, the processing ease of craft science, method of GABA highed milled rice; Small investment, cost are low, are easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Four, the specific embodiment
1, the influence of throughput
Brown rice germinates under the nutrient solution immersion condition, and its air mass flow is at 0.5~2.0L min
-1In the scope, help GABA accumulation (table 1) in the sprouted unpolished rice.Wherein incubation time is 72h, and air mass flow is 1.0Lmin
-1The time, the GABA enriching quantity is the highest in the brown rice, reaches 37.22mg100g
-1
2, the influence of cultivation temperature
In 16 ℃~40 ℃ scopes of cultivation temperature, the GABA content in the sprouted unpolished rice increases with the rising of temperature, and when 40 ℃ of germination 48h and 72h, the GABA content in the sprouted unpolished rice reaches 32.73mg100g respectively
-1And 37.40mg100g
-1When 32 ℃ of germination 48h and 72h, be respectively 12.21mg100g
-1And 24.03mg100g
-1Because 40 ℃ the time, the brown rice bud growth is too fast, to breathe vigorously, quality decline is so should cultivate (table 2) at 32 ℃.
3, Ca
2+Influence with incubation time
Add CaCl in the nutrient solution
2Help the increase of brown rice GABA content in germination process, and Ca
2+Concentration is at 0.25gL
-1~1.00gL
-1In the scope, the GABA enriching quantity is with CaCl in the sprouted unpolished rice
2Concentration improves and increases.And in 0~72h scope, GABA content increases (table 3) with the prolongation of incubation time.
4, the influence of L-MSG concentration
After adding L-MSG in the nutrient solution, GABA content is higher than the brown rice that does not add the L-MSG cultivation in the sprouted unpolished rice, and L-MSG concentration is at 1gL
-1~4gL
-1Alpha-aminobutyric acid content raises with the increase of L-MSG in the interior sprouted unpolished rice of scope; Greater than 2gL
-1Back GABA cumulant increases with MSG concentration and descends, but still is higher than contrast (table 4).
5, the influence of Gln concentration
Add Gln in the nutrient solution of brown rice germination and help GABA accumulation (table 5).Gln concentration is at 3gL
-1~9gL
-1In the scope, the sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content raises with the increase of Gln concentration; Gln concentration is greater than 9gL
-1Back GABA cumulant increases with concentration and descends, but still is higher than contrast; 9gL
-1The time GABA cumulant the highest, reach 26.84mg100g
-1
6, the influence of ASA concentration
ASA concentration is lower than 1.5gL in nutrient solution
-1The time, GABA content raises along with the increase of ASA concentration; ASA concentration is greater than 1.5gL
-1The time, GABA content then descends, but still is higher than contrast (table 6).ASA concentration is 1.5gL
-1The time, GABA content is up to 21.68mg100g in the brown rice
-1
7, V
B6The influence of concentration
V in nutrient solution
B6Concentration is lower than 2.0gL
-1The time, GABA content is along with V
B6The increase of concentration and raising; V
B6Concentration is greater than 2.0gL
-1The time, GABA content slightly descends.V
B6Concentration is 2.0gL
-1The time, GABA content is the highest in the brown rice, reaches 16.50mg100g
-1(table 7).
8, the influence of pearling processing
In the pearling time is in the scope of 0s~180s, and GABA content reduces with the increase of pearling time in the product.The pearling time, product appearance and mouthfeel reached the highed milled rice requirement when being 90s, and wherein GABA content is 14.72mg100g
-1(table 8).
Embodiment 1
Remove the rice shell with going out rough machine, obtain brown rice.Choose the brown rice of full seed, the 30min that sterilizes among the liquor natrii hypochloritis of immersion 0.5%, then for several times with the clear water flushing.Brown rice after the sterilization is placed nylon net bag, and by brown rice: 1: 3 ratio of nutrient solution is put into nutrient solution and is soaked cultivation, with 0.5~2.0Lmin
-1The throughput cultivation of ventilating.In 16 ℃~40 ℃ scopes, constant temperature culture is germinateed under dark condition, and every 12h changes water once, takes out behind the brown rice germination 72h, dries under 40 ℃~65 ℃ temperature conditions.Brown rice is 1.0Lmin at 32 ℃, throughput
-1Behind germination 72h under the dark condition, after drying, the pearling, GABA content is 14.22mg100g in the highed milled rice that obtains
-1
Embodiment 2
As described in example 1, take by weighing the brown rice of constant weight, after soaking, sterilizing, select CaCl for use
2Concentration is 0.25~1.00gL
-1Solution soaks brown rice, and with 1.5Lmin
-1The throughput bubbling air, 32 ℃ of cultivation temperature, germination 72h.After sprouted unpolished rice drying, the pearling, GABA content is 14.98mg100g in the highed milled rice that obtains
-1
Embodiment 3
Example 1 is described, takes by weighing the brown rice of constant weight, after soaking, sterilizing, at 32 ℃ of cultivation temperature, throughput 1.5Lmin
-1Condition under cultivate, adding consists of: 5g.L
-1ASA and 1gL
-1In the MSG mixed-culture medium, behind the cultivation 48h, GABA content reaches 13.49mg100g in the finished product
-1
Embodiment 4
As described in example 1, take by weighing the brown rice of constant weight, after soaking, sterilizing, be 3~12gL in concentration
-1Gln solution in soak to germinate throughput 1.5Lmin
-1, 32 ℃ of cultivation temperature, behind the germination 48h, Gln concentration is 9gL
-1The time.After sprouted unpolished rice drying, the pearling, GABA content is 13.42mg100g in the highed milled rice that obtains
-1
Embodiment 5
As described in example 1, take by weighing the brown rice of constant weight, after soaking, sterilizing, select 0.5~2.5gL for use
-1V
B6Be brown rice nutrient solution, V
B6Concentration is 2.0gL
-1The time, GABA content 12.50mg100g in the finished product highed milled rice
-1
Subordinate list 1 throughput is to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 Incubation time (h) | Throughput (Lmin
-1)
|
0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
48 72 | 9.18±0.51 8.17±0.64 | 14.55±0.60 27.95±0.86 | 17.96±1.53 37.22±0.85 | 15.73±1.14 35.99±1.58 | 10.55±1.13 35.48±1.64 |
Subordinate list 2 cultivation temperature are to the unit that influences of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content: mg.100g
-1 Incubation time (h) | Temperature (℃) |
16 | 24 | 32 | 40 |
48 72 | 3.93±0.98 5.30±1.38 | 6.62±.62 10.77±3.14 | 12.21±2.15 24.03±1.75 | 32.73±4.37 37.40±2.34 |
Subordinate list 3 Ca
2+Concentration and incubation time are to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 Incubation time (h) | Ca
2+Concentration (gL
-1)
|
0 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 1.00 |
0 24 48 60 72 | 2.21±0.52 4.65±0.37 12.65±1.15 20.11±1.24 25.20±1.43 | 2.21±0.52 5.18±0.64 17.40±.04 22.33±1.43 27.31±1.57 | 2.21±0.52 5.69±0.92 15.984±0.98 26.01±1.37 29.26±1.32 | 2.21±0.52 6.18±0.48 10.99±0.83 27.74±1.06 27.70±1.29 |
Subordinate list 4 MSG are to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice GABA content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 MSG(g·L
-1)
| 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
GABA | 5.58±1.09 | 13.53±0.58 | 19.81±1.12 | 24.87±2.31 | 16.46±1.86 |
Subordinate list 5 Gln are to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 Gln(g·L
-1)
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 |
GABA | 5.54±1.01 | 11.23±3.6 | 14.03±0.78 | 26.84±1.92 | 14.43±1.39 |
Subordinate list 6 ASA are to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 ASA(g·L
-1)
| 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
GABA | 8.48±0.94 | 10.83±1.15 | 12.34±0.68 | 21.68±0.73 | 9.48±0.52 |
Subordinate list 7 vitamin B6s are to the influence of sprouted unpolished rice alpha-aminobutyric acid content
Unit: mg.100g
-1 Vitamin B6 (gL
-1)
| 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
GABA | 6.83±1.72 | 11.24±1.61 | 12.344±1.37 | 14.30±1.34 | 16.50±0.93 | 15.27±1.62 |
The 8 pearling times of subordinate list are to the influence of alpha-aminobutyric acid content in the rice
Unit: mg.100g
-1 The pearling time (s) | 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 |
GABA | 26.18±1.53 | 22.38±1.81 | 18.65±1.43 | 14.72±0.91 | 13.95±0.81 | 8.64±1.15 |