CN1748658A - Temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs - Google Patents
Temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs comprises that preferred, the reinforced cultivating of parent fish and artificial regulatory cultivate water temperature, illumination and make parent fish two aspects of laying eggs.Main technical points of the present invention is being provided with of the regulative mode of regulative mode, illumination of cultivation, the water temperature of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish and evening lamp etc., grasp by above key technology measure, Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad is reached maturity synchronously, natural spawning, and each egg-laying time is fixed, concentrate, and can obtain germ cell in enormous quantities, fine and high rate of fertilization.The present invention is the complete control technology method of a cover.Test through producing, whole reproductive population fertilization rate reached to 92% between idiophase, incubation rate reaches 86.6%, and the egg-laying season reaches 1 first quarter moon, and egg laying amount increases by 50% than nature.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish raising technology, is a kind of Artificial Control illumination and water temperature, promotes Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development, the method for make its nature, concentrating, lay eggs in batches.
Background technology:
Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynoglossus semilaevis G ü nter), be commonly called as Flos Sauropi changiani fish, Sonchus arvensis L., sole rice, belong to Pleuronectiformes, sole suborder, Cynoglossidae, tongue sole genus, NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is coastal in China, with the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea is many, is the large-scale famous and precious Fish that dwell at a kind of end.In the later stage eighties 20th century, China's researcher has carried out preliminary study to Cynoglossus semilaevis, and content relates to the research of Cynoglossus semilaevis breeding habit and the ecology of laying eggs, artificial breeding Technology, early stage form and development characteristics, and (Jiang Yanwei etc. 1988; 1993, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute).Artificial breeding research is to utilize wild mature brood fish to obtain germ cell by the artificial fertilization.On the research basis in the past, the scientific research personnel has carried out the research that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is tamed, parent fish temperature light regulates and control to lay eggs aspects such as technology, fetal development condition optimizing technology, young postlarva feeding habit and growth promoter feature in succession, early stage morphological development (the Wan Ruijing etc. of Cynoglossus semilaevis have been delivered, 2004, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute), temperature, salinity are to the influence and the incubation condition control technique (Liu Xuezhou etc., 2004, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute) of fetal development; The ingest characteristic and the increment study (Ma Aijun etc. of early development stage, 2005, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute) article such as, research (the Liu Xuezhou etc. of Cynoglossus semilaevis reproductive biology and raising technology have been finished, 2005, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute), other scholars have also delivered about the relation of the consumption rate of Cynoglossus semilaevis and salinity and body weight, existence critical salinity and suitable growth salinity (Wang Zisheng, 2003, Yancheng Institute Of Technology) research article such as.But also do not report about the technology that temperature, illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish lay eggs.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention: provide a kind of temperature and individual gonad of illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish male and female of utilizing to reach maturity synchronously, the technology of natural spawning, and by adding the evening lamp irradiation, the regulation and control parent fish is concentrated in regular time every day and lays eggs, in the hope of obtaining large batch of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme: main contents comprise that parent fish preferably cultivates water temperature and illumination with reinforced cultivating and regulation and control and make parent fish two aspects of laying eggs:
One, the preferred and reinforced cultivating of parent fish: comprise that preferred, breeding condition of parent fish and feedstuff feed:
1, parent fish preferably reaches breeding condition: the parent fish of preferred normal body colour, health, and raun is more than 3 ages, and total length reaches 40-60 centimetre, body weight 1300-3000 gram; Milter reached more than 3 ages, and total length 20-35 centimetre, body weight reaches the 200-700 gram.Parent fish is put into special-purpose temperature light regulation and control and cultivates pond (25m
2), stocking density 1～3 tail/m
2, body weight 2～3kg/m
212～25 ℃ of anniversary water temperatures.Flowing water is cultivated, rate of water exchange 400%, and water is changed in regularly clear pond.Condition of water quality requires: dissolved oxygen＞6.0mg/L, and PH scope: 7.6-8.2, salinity 28-33 ‰.
2, the feedstuff of parent fish and feeding:
The feedstuff of parent fish: bait is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.
Feeding of parent fish: day throw something and feed 2 times, the order feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, and the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
Two, water temperature, illumination control technique: comprise the regulation and control of water temperature regulate and control, illumination.
1, water temperature regulate and control:
When natural temperature is raised to 18 ℃, the beginning temperature control.Temperature control method: water temperature slowly promoted 1 ℃ in per 7 days, remained unchanged and stayed for some time after being raised to 25 ℃.The ratio of waiting to observe parent fish total length and gonad length reaches at 1: 0.51 o'clock, and water temperature is descended 1 ℃, keeps 24 ℃ of constant wait parent fishs and lays eggs.Water temperature is by boiler or refrigeration machine regulation and control height, day rate of water exchange 400%-500%.The variation of 12 monitorings every day water temperature, accuracy controlling variations in temperature every day is in ± 0.2 ℃ of scope.
2, the regulation and control of illumination:
In the temperature adjusting process, when being raised to 19 ℃, water temperature begins to carry out the illumination regulation and control.
1). the parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 2801x.
2). the adjusting of the illumination rhythm and pace of moving things: the control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
3). the setting of evening lamp: when light application time reaches 12 hours every days, begin to be provided with evening lamp, on the basis of former light application time, increase half-light according to the time.Evening lamp promptly adds an electric filament lamp (60W) in the central authorities that are positioned at the cultivation pond apart from water surface 1m place, be connected on the variable resistance of cultivating outside the pond and intervalometer with other control light modulation, utilize variable resistance and intervalometer regulation and control intensity of illumination to weaken gradually, reduced to behind the 501x prolonged exposure gradually 15 minutes by 2801x in 15 minutes, lighting time is after every afternoon, normal illumination finished.Lighting time is along with the prolongation of the normal illumination time 30min of postponing every day.
The present invention and prior art contrast its characteristics:
The present invention is according to the natural law of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development, and premenarcheal reinforced cultivating adopts temperature and illumination control method, make the parent fish gonad grow synchronously and in cultivating the pond nature, concentrate, lay eggs in batches.
The present invention is according to the research of physiological ecology, in the long interpolation evening lamp illumination when reaching 1: 0.51 above gonadal maturation of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish total length and gonad.The effect of evening lamp is simulate natural ecological environment, and the natural environment that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is experienced under the simulated conditions gradually changes, and impels male and female parent fish gonad to grow synchronously and the synchronous spawning fertilization, and the regulation and control parent fish laid eggs in regular time every day.And the regulation and control of parent fish in the past egg-laying time under the condition of not adding evening lamp is unfixing, often can not determine egg-laying time, has missed the best opportunity of receiving ovum and hatching, has increased the difficulty of artificial breeding.
The present invention adopts automatic control technology, with variable resistance and timer intervalometer accuracy controlling light application time and intensity of illumination.Avoided because the acute variation of illumination that manual operation brings accidentally and temperature makes parent fish produce emergency reaction.
The present invention strengthens fortification in regulation and control water temperature and illumination, when treating the parent fish gonad development with maturation, slowly regulate water temperature again and illumination suitably reduces, and discharges to promote sophisticated ovum.Conditions such as the water temperature between the whole egg-laying season, illumination, nutrition reach the best, make that Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish egg-laying time prolongs half wheat harvesting period than nature under the artificial regulatory condition, and egg laying amount also increases greatly.By above measure, can obtain large batch of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus, fertilization rate reached to 92%, incubation rate reaches 86.6%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: Mai Dao proving ground temperature, light egg laying amount distribution situation in the following Cynoglossus semilaevis egg-laying season of regulation and control.
Fig. 2: the loyal sea water in Qingdao produces company limited temperature, light regulation and control egg laying amount distribution situation of following Cynoglossus semilaevis egg-laying season.
Embodiment:
Cynoglossus semilaevis is the famous and precious seawater fish in Northeast Asia, and its artificial breeding technology fails to obtain big breakthrough always.The present invention is by the research to its gonad development rule; explore the warm light regulate and control method that a cover is fit to its gonad development rule; make Cynoglossus semilaevis gonad under the artificial regulatory condition reach synchronous maturation and nature, lay eggs in batches, impel scale breeding to obtain to break through.
Narrate technology contents of the present invention below by concrete enforcement example:
This research is carried out at Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute Mai Dao proving ground and Qingdao loyal sea water product company limited respectively, and specific implementation process is as follows:
Embodiment one: carry out the preliminary experiment of laying eggs of temperature, illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish in Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute Mai Dao proving ground.
1). parent fish is selected and throws something and feeds:
Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish 30 tails are selected in experiment for use, 12 tail rauns, 18 tail milters, raun average weight 2116 grams, milter average weight 257 grams.The parent fish bodily form, body colour are normal, healthy not damaged (the normal body colour Cynoglossus semilaevis body back side is brown or crineous, and the outside of belly is a milky).The parent fish age: raun and milter were for 3 ages.
Parent fish is put into rectangle and smears angle cultivation pond (25m
2, 1 meter of the depth of water) cultivate.Cultivating water is the sand filtration nature seawater, and condition of water quality is: DO＞6.0mg/L, pH=7.9-8.2, salinity 30-32.Long face at the bottom of cultivating the pond and wide are provided with scale, with the ratio of timely measurement parent fish gonad and total length, and the law of development of grasp parent fish gonad under the artificial regulatory condition.
The fodder and bait of parent fish is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.Day throw something and feed 2 times, a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, and the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
2). parent fish water temperature, illumination regulation and control:
After the experiment beginning, water temperature begins to raise by 18 ℃ gradually, raise 1 ℃ in per 7 days until being increased to 25 ℃ and remain unchanged, when finding that parent fish has (the long ratio with total length of parent fish gonad this moment reaches 0.51) when laying eggs on a small quantity, water temperature is descended 0.5 ℃ to 24 ℃ and keep stable every day.
The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the control intensity of illumination is 2801x.The regulation and control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
Evening lamp is set: when light application time reaches 12 hours every days, begin to be provided with evening lamp (on the basis of former light application time, increasing half-light) according to the time.Evening lamp promptly adds an electric filament lamp (60W) in the central authorities that are positioned at the cultivation pond apart from water surface 1m place, be connected on the variable resistance of cultivating outside the pond and intervalometer with other control light modulation, utilize variable resistance and intervalometer regulation and control intensity of illumination to weaken gradually, reduced to behind the 501x prolonged exposure gradually 15 minutes by 2801x in 15 minutes, lighting time is after every afternoon, normal illumination finished.Along with the evening lamp lighting time of putting off of normal illumination time is postponed half an hour every day.The effect of evening lamp is simulate natural ecological environment, and the natural environment that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is experienced under the simulated conditions gradually changes, and impels male and female parent fish gonad to grow synchronously and the synchronous spawning fertilization, and the regulation and control parent fish laid eggs in regular time every day.
3). experimental result:
Under temperature, light regulation and control, the ratio of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development and total length such as following table.When parent fish gonad length and total length ratio reach 0.51 gonadal maturation of parent fish when above, but natural spawning.
| The cultivation time (d) | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 |
| Gonad length and total length ratio | 0.25 9 | 0.32 9 | 0.39 6 | 0.45 9 | 0.50 9 | 0.52 9 | 0.543 |
In the time of 2 months, the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish begins to lay eggs at control light, temperature control in this experiment, and the whole egg-laying season continues 42 days altogether, 30 batches on common property ovum, and wherein the good ovum amount of every day all reached more than the 300ml in order to concentrate spawning period in 22 days.Obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus 7390ml altogether, fertilization rate reached to 90%, incubation rate reaches 85%, obtains ten thousand tail (see figure 1)s surplus high-quality, the healthy newly hatched larvae 600 altogether.The egg-laying time of parent fish every day was all closed back about 2 hours at evening lamp, and the advantage place that evening lamp is set has been described.
Embodiment two: loyal sea water produces company limited and carries out illumination, the temperature adjusting Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technology large-scale production test of laying eggs in Qingdao.
1). the selection of parent fish and throwing something and feeding:
Select Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish 65 tails for use, raun: milter=1: 1.5, raun average weight 2315 grams, milter average weight 278 grams.The parent fish bodily form, body colour are normal, healthy not damaged.The parent fish age: raun and milter were more than 3 ages.Parent fish is put into the circular cement cultivation pond cultivation of smearing the angle, and (area is 25m
2, depth of water 1m).Cultivating water is the sand filtration nature seawater, cultivates the adjusting of water temperature with boiler and refrigeration machine.Condition of water quality is: D0＞6.0mg/L, pH=8.0-8.2, salinity 30-33.
The feedstuff of parent fish: bait is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.Day throw something and feed 2 times, a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, and the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
2). the water temperature regulate and control of parent fish:
The artificial regulatory water temperature slowly is elevated to 25 ℃ by 18 ℃ gradually.Rise 1 ℃ until rising to 25 ℃ and keep a period of time every 7 days water temperatures.When finding that parent fish lays eggs on a small quantity, every day, water temperature descended 0.5 ℃, to 24 ℃ and remain unchanged.The cultivation pond water temperature amplitude of variation of water temperature control period every day is no more than ± and 0.2 ℃.
3). the illumination regulation and control of parent fish:
The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 2801x.The control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours until light application time and remains unchanged, and accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
4). evening lamp is set: (with embodiment one).
5). experimental result:
Through the regulation and control of 2 first quarter moons, Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development in cultivating the pond is ripe synchronously, and nature, lays eggs in batches.Continue 46 days whole idiophase, wherein spawning period continues 26 days, more than the good ovum amount 600ml of every day, obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus 13610ml altogether, fertilization rate reached 92%, and incubation rate is 86.6%, ten thousand tail (see figure 2)s surplus the newly hatched larvae 1000 that secures good health altogether.The egg-laying time of parent fish every day is all closed the back about 2-3 hour at evening lamp, and egg-laying time concentrates, regularly, and the effect that evening lamp has been described is tangible.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs, its technology contents comprises the preferred and reinforced cultivating of parent fish and cultivates regulation and control two aspects of water temperature and illumination: the cultivation of parent fish: comprise preferably reaching the feedstuff of breeding condition, parent fish and feeding of parent fish; The water temperature of parent fish, illumination regulation and control: comprise the method for regulation and control water temperature and illumination, it is characterized in that its water temperature, illumination regulate and control method are:
1), water temperature regulate and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of Cynoglossus semilaevis is controlled at 16-17 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lx; 2-3 is individual month before arriving idiophase, begins to regulate and control water temperature, and water temperature begins to heat up in the time of 18 ℃; Temperature control method: per 7 days water temperatures slowly promote 1 ℃, remain unchanged and stay for some time after being raised to 25 ℃, and the ratio of waiting to observe parent fish total length and gonad length reaches 1: 0.51, has observed when laying eggs phenomenon, and water temperature is descended 1 ℃ gradually, keep 24 ℃ constant;
2), the control of the illumination rhythm and pace of moving things:
Begin to carry out the illumination regulation and control when water temperature rises to 19 ℃ gradually, the parent fish rearing pond hides with the light tight tarpaulin of black, and dried up 1 meter height hangs electric filament lamp in the parent fish rearing pond, and the intensity of illumination of regulating the water surface is in the 200-300lx scope; Light application time is 8 hours, later on every 5 days illumination time lengthening 30 minutes; When light application time reaches 12 hours, add that evening lamp illumination being set, intensity of illumination 50lx, the time is 15min, light application time is the longest to extend to 13 hours.
2, a kind of temperature according to claim 1, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs, the evening lamp that it is characterized in that described setting, when the control light modulation is converted into evening lamp illumination, with variable resistance and intervalometer, weaken intensity of illumination in 15 minutes gradually to 50lx, prolonged exposure is 15 minutes then, and lighting time is after normal illumination every afternoon finishes, and lighting time is along with the prolongation of the normal illumination time 30min of postponing every day.
3, according to claim 1,2 described a kind of temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs, it is characterized in that the evening lamp of described setting, it is controlled light modulation by electric filament lamp, variable resistance and timer intervalometer and other and forms jointly; Being positioned at the central authorities that cultivate the pond add a 60W apart from water surface 1m place electric filament lamp, be parallel on the variable resistance of cultivating outside the pond and intervalometer with other control light modulation.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100436599C (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2008-11-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Female-specific AFLP fragment of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther and PCR method for identification of genetic sex |
| CN102715104A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-10-10 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for promoting maturation of pampus argenteus gonads |
| CN111657191A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for regulating natural spawning of parent fish of seriolala quinqueradiata |
| CN112219758A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for controlling sexual maturity of siganus oramin |
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| CN101884311B (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2011-11-16 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for constructing tongue sole families and breeding superior families |
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| CN1174674C (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2004-11-10 | 威海华信海珍品有限公司 | Large brill natural spawning breeding method |
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| CN100436599C (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2008-11-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Female-specific AFLP fragment of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther and PCR method for identification of genetic sex |
| CN102715104A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-10-10 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for promoting maturation of pampus argenteus gonads |
| CN111657191A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for regulating natural spawning of parent fish of seriolala quinqueradiata |
| CN111657191B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for regulating natural spawning of parent fish of seriolala quinqueradiata |
| CN112219758A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for controlling sexual maturity of siganus oramin |
| CN114128663A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-04 | 大连海洋大学 | Thermo-optical regulation and control method for anti-season propagation of parent fish of takifugu rubripes and application of thermo-optical regulation and control method |
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