CN1742164A - 攻丝螺钉 - Google Patents

攻丝螺钉 Download PDF

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CN1742164A
CN1742164A CNA038259826A CN03825982A CN1742164A CN 1742164 A CN1742164 A CN 1742164A CN A038259826 A CNA038259826 A CN A038259826A CN 03825982 A CN03825982 A CN 03825982A CN 1742164 A CN1742164 A CN 1742164A
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screw
cutting
cutting element
screw thread
thread
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CN100414124C (zh
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A·格哈德
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Toge Duebel GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
    • F16B25/0026—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being a hard non-organic material, e.g. stone, concrete or drywall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0047—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge being characterised by its cross-section in the plane of the shaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0052—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge having indentations, notches or the like in order to improve the cutting behaviour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/10—Screws performing an additional function to thread-forming, e.g. drill screws or self-piercing screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/90—Fastener or fastener element composed of plural different materials
    • Y10S411/901—Core and exterior of different materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/90—Fastener or fastener element composed of plural different materials
    • Y10S411/901—Core and exterior of different materials
    • Y10S411/902—Metal core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/909—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges
    • Y10T408/9095—Having peripherally spaced cutting edges with axially extending relief channel
    • Y10T408/9097—Spiral channel

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于旋拧入钻孔(1b)的钻孔壁(1a)中的攻丝螺钉(1)。该螺钉包括一具有纵向中心轴线(4)的基本为柱状的金属芯部(2)，一与芯部(2)形成一体的螺纹(5)和至少一个设置在螺纹(5)中用于与钻孔壁切削接合的切削元件(6、7)。该芯部(2)由碳含量在重量的0％至0.5％之间的金属构成。所述至少一个切削元件(6、7)固定地连接到芯部(2)，从而构成一由碳含量大于重量的0.8％的金属形成的焊接结构。由于切削元件(6、7)可靠地连接在芯部(2)上，所以切削元件(6、7)可提供有效的切削操作，同时防止了任何螺钉(1)脆性断裂的危险。

Description

攻丝螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序部分所述的攻丝螺钉。
背景技术
可以从例如EP 1129297A(对应于美国专利No.09/831707)中获知这种普通类型的螺钉。其中在螺钉的螺纹中设有设计成刀片杆(Schneid-Einsatz-Schift)形式的切削元件。这类螺钉具有良好的切削作用，但是比较难以制造，尤其是在***式切削销与芯部的连接方面。
此外，通过在前的公开使用已经知道攻丝螺钉，所述攻丝螺钉经过渗碳处理以提高强度，即增加其碳含量从而使其硬化。实践证明，这种螺钉易于脆性断裂。一般认为这是由于氢渗入芯部从而破坏了螺钉材料的微结构。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是以这样的方式改进开始所述类型的螺钉：即将切削元件和芯部相结合在制造费用上的要求较低，同时可以避免在其它已知的攻丝螺钉中出现的脆性断裂的危险。
按照本发明，该目的由一种具有权利要求1的特征部分所述特征的螺钉实现。
本发明来自这样的思想：即可将至少一个切削元件通过焊接结构实现，这使得能通过焊接将切削元件和螺钉结合以形成较简单的连接，该连接同时还完全符合在将螺钉拧入混凝土壁中时所需要的切削要求。为螺钉设置仅在明确限定的局部具有较高碳含量的切削元件，可省略任何现有技术中的渗碳处理。试验已经出人意料地表明：这有助于避免脆性断裂的危险。其原因在于这样的事实：对切削元件的焊接会使螺钉只在明确限定的局部被加热，这可显著阻止形成氢诱导(wasserstoffinduzieren)裂缝。可以以合理的花费对碳含量在重量的0％至0.5％之间的芯部材料进行成形加工。由碳含量在重量的0.8％以上的材料制成的切削元件具有对于攻丝/螺纹切削已足够的硬度。
碳含量越低，就可以越好地对根据权利要求2的芯部材料进行成形加工。也可设想将不含碳的材料例如诸如铝或黄铜的纯金属用作芯部材料。
碳含量越高，根据权利要求3的切削元件的高硬度就越有利于切削。
根据权利要求4和5的切削元件的布置和数目已被证实对于螺钉的可靠切削进入是足够的。
根据权利要求6的导切元件还确保可以有控制地进行切削过程。
根据权利要求7的导切元件特别坚固。
已经证明根据权利要求8和9的凸出部分是在切削元件的良好切削作用和切削后螺钉的紧密配合之间非常好的折衷方案。但这些凸出部分并不是必需的。
根据权利要求10的对芯部材料在制造并成形后进行的调质(Vergüten)可进一步提高螺钉的切削性能。不过，这种后续的调质过程并不是对所有应用和设计都是必需的。将切削元件焊接在经过调质处理的芯部材料上不会对经过调质处理的材料结构造成任何改变。
附图说明
根据下面结合附图对示例性实施例的说明，本发明的细节将显而易见，其中：
图1为螺钉的侧视图；
图2以放大的比例示出沿图1和3中的线II-II断开的剖视图；
图3以放大的比例示出沿图2中的线III-III断开的剖视图；
图4与图3类似，为螺钉的另一实施例的剖视图；以及
图5与图3类似，为螺钉的又一实施例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的攻丝螺钉1是一种特别适于旋拧入钻孔1b的钻孔壁1a中的混凝土螺钉。螺钉1具有一由碳含量在重量的0.18％的范围内的结构钢制成的柱形芯部2。这种钢是众所周知的。螺钉1的芯部直径适用于10mm的钻孔直径。芯部直径也可为其它的30mm以内的直径。在芯部2的一端按已知的方式一体形成有一六角形头部3。芯部2具有一在图1中用点划线概略示出的纵向中心轴线4。
从螺钉1的与头部3相对的端部至大约所述两个端部的中央，芯部2包括与该芯部一体形成的螺纹5。该螺纹5为梯形螺纹(参见图3)。
螺纹5的在螺钉1进入钻孔中时起导向作用的部分被构造成一导切元件6。该导切元件具体为碳含量超过重量的0.8％—在本实施例中为0.85％的高速钢焊接结构，这与紧随该导切元件6设置在螺纹5的三个螺纹导程(Gewindegang)的范围内的切削元件7相同。如图1所示，与其它切削元件7相比，导切元件6沿螺纹5的长度较长。当旋拧入时，导切元件6立即在钻孔壁上形成一具有确定的螺距的螺纹，这使被旋拧的螺钉1得以精确导向。导切元件6的作用可与木螺钉的尖端的导切元件的作用类似。在导切元件6后面的每个螺纹导程上都布置有三个切削元件7，其中只有螺纹5的前三个螺纹导程上设有切削元件7，所以共有九个切削元件7，在图1中可以看到其中的两个。
切削元件6、7通过焊接安装在螺纹5中，以协调地延续该螺纹。切削元件6、7在纵向中心轴线4的轴向和径向方向都略超过螺纹5的其它部分凸出。
图2和3中清楚地示出了上述凸出部分。由于在安装到螺纹5上时的焊接过程，切削元件7近似为杯形，同时该切削元件7的杯形底部***芯部2中。切削元件7超过螺纹5的侧面8和端壁9凸出。切削元件7在螺纹5上的径向凸出部分在图2中用a表示。在螺钉1中，切削元件的凸出部分a为螺纹深度的5％。
图3是包含纵向中心轴线4的螺钉1的局部剖视图，其剖面紧邻图2的切削元件7。除径向凸出部分a外，图3还示出切削元件7超过螺纹5的轴向凸出部分b。在图3中，沿距离A的方向标出了轴向凸出部分b并将其表示为b，该距离A为螺纹5的(两)侧面8过渡进入芯部2处彼此之间的距离。在螺钉1中，凸出部分b的大小为距离A的5％。
在螺纹5中，螺纹深度和距离A约为2mm。因此，凸出部分a、b约为0.1mm。也可以根据芯部直径和螺纹深度选择例如0.2mm或0.3mm的其它凸出部分。
芯部2也可以使用其它钢，所述钢的碳含量例如小于重量的0.5％，例如为重量的0.42％；或小于重量的0.35％，例如为重量的0.30％；或小于重量的0.25％，例如为重量的0.22％；或小于重量的0.2％，例如为重量的0.18％；或小于重量的0.15％，例如为重量的0.12％。根据安装切削元件6、7之前对用于制造芯部2和螺纹5的材料的可成形性的要求，可以选择一种其碳含量符合相应要求的钢。
也可使用不含碳的材料如铝或黄铜作为芯部材料。
也可使用其它钢作为切削元件6、7的材料，所述钢的碳含量超过重量的1.0％，例如为重量的1.2％；或超过重量的1.5％，例如为重量的1.8％、2.0％或2.5％。碳含量越高，则切削元件6、7越硬。
在可选的螺钉中，也可使用较少的切削元件7—例如四个切削元件或六个切削元件。
在可选的螺钉中，切削元件7可分布在较少的螺纹导程上，例如仅分布在最后的两个螺纹导程上。在螺钉的其它设计中，也可使切削元件7分布在最后的五个螺纹导程上。
切削元件6、7在螺纹5上的数目和分布取决于螺钉1、螺纹5的几何形状以及钻孔壁的材料。尤其是在芯部直径较大的情况下，可以在每个螺纹导程上设置多个切削元件6、7。
螺钉1的制造如下所述：首先通过轧制和压制预成形芯部2，该芯部具有与之一体形成的未经加工的螺纹和头部3。对芯部材料进行调质，对于直径较大的螺钉例如其芯部直径可用于大于16mm的钻孔的螺钉，该步骤可省略。当螺纹5已经形成后，通过焊接将切削元件6、7结合到该螺纹5中。
图4和5示出根据本发明的螺钉的其它实施例。与参考图1至3说明的元件相对应的元件具有带撇号的相同的标号，因此不再详细说明。
图4示出其形式为三角形螺纹的螺纹5’。切削元件7超过螺纹5’的两个侧面8’凸出。在螺纹5’的尖端上的切削元件7的垂直于纵向中心轴线4的凸出部分用a’标出。
图5示出带有其形式为方螺纹的螺纹5”的另一实施例。切削元件7超过在本例中彼此平行的螺纹侧面8”和端壁9”凸出。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于旋拧入钻孔(1b)的钻孔壁(1a)中的攻丝螺钉(1)，特别是混凝土螺钉，包括：
一具有纵向中心轴线(4)的基本为柱状的金属芯部(2)；
一与所述芯部(2)形成一体的螺纹(5、5’、5”)；
至少一个设置在所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)中用于与所述钻孔壁切削接合的切削元件(6、7)，
-所述芯部(2)由碳含量在大于重量的0％与0.5％之间的金属组成，并且
-所述至少一个切削元件(6、7)固定地连接到所述芯部(2)上；
其特征在于，所述切削元件(6、7)为与所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)结合的焊接结构，其由碳含量大于重量的0.8％的金属制成。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，所述芯部(2)由一种金属构成，该金属的碳含量小于重量的0.35％，尤其小于重量的0.25％，特别优选小于重量的0.2％，更优选小于重量的0.15％，甚至优选小于重量的0.1％。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，所述切削元件(6、7)由一种金属构成，该金属的碳含量超过重量的1.0％，尤其超过重量的1.5％或超过重量的2.0％。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，所述切削元件(6、7)仅设置在所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)的最后五个螺纹导程上，尤其是设置在最后三个螺纹导程上，特别优选设置在最后两个螺纹导程上。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，总共设置少于15个切削元件(6、7)，尤其少于10个切削元件(6、7)，特别优选少于5个切削元件(6、7)。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，设有一位于分配给所述螺钉(1)的切削端部的所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)端部处的导切元件(6)。
7.一种根据权利要求6所述的螺钉，其特征在于，与其它切削元件(7)相比，所述导切元件(6)沿所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)的长度较长。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，至少一个切削元件(6、7)沿纵向中心轴线(4)的径向超过所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)凸出，并且所述切削元件的凸出部分(a、a’、a”)最大为螺纹深度的15％。
9.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，至少一个切削元件(6、7)在纵向中心轴线(4)的方向上超过所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)沿轴向凸出，并且所述切削元件(6、7)的凸出部分(b、b’、b”)最大为距离(A、A’、A”)的15％，该距离为所述螺纹(5、5’、5”)的侧面(8、8’、8”)在过渡进入所述芯部(2)处相互之间的距离。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的螺钉，其特征在于，所述芯部(2)和/或所述切削元件(6、7)由经过后续的调质处理的材料制成。
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AU2003239788A1 (en) 2004-09-09
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