CN1726410A - Compact folded-optics illumination lens - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an apparatus and the apparatus being configured to convert a first distribution of an input radiation to a second distribution of output radiation. The method consists of the steps of generating a two-dimensional representation of at least three active optical surfaces of an optical device including calculating a segment of a first surface based on edge ray sets as a first generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of an entry surface based on the edge ray set as a second generalized Cartesian oval, calculating a segment of a second surface based on the edge ray set as a third generalized Cartesian oval, and successively repeating the steps of calculating the segment of the first surface and calculating the segment of the second surface in a direction towards a source, and rotationally sweeping the two-dimensional representation about a central axis providing a three-dimensional representation of the optical device.

Description

Dense folded form optical element illuminating lens

Background before sending out

The present invention relates generally to the illumination optical lens, relate in particular to collapsible path illumination optical lens.

The previous collapsible optical element of non-imaging, the light source of the necessary immersion lens medium of application, light source is buried underground and is meaned that the packaging part and the lens that contain this source (being generally the LED source) are bonding forever.The bonding transparent stick of use that also requires takes artificial.

Perhaps, previous optical element produces by injection mould, requires LED firm as to be enough to bear the severity of injection mould technology.In arbitrary occasion, light source all is embedded in the device body dearly.

The present invention is advantageously at above-mentioned and other requirement.

Summary of the invention

The present invention has advantageously solved above requirement and other requirement by a kind of design and/or the method by optical device are provided.The method comprising the steps of: at least three effective optical surfaces to optical device produce the two-dimensional representation method, and around this two-dimensional representation of central axis rotation sweep, provide the three dimensional representation of this optical device thus.In addition, the step of generation two-dimensional representation comprises step: according to the marginal ray group in source, a part of first surface is calculated as general flute card ellipse; According to the refraction of internal reflection light He its this part first surface of same marginal ray group, a part of second reflecting surface is calculated as general flute card ellipse; And along step towards this part first surface of the continuous double counting of the direction in source and this part second reflecting surface.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a kind of collapsible path illumination optical lens of compactness, have the device and the related mechanical features or the auxiliary optical component in band inflation crack (being generally air) in the source of holding.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a feature with a kind of light beam generation light.This method comprises step: the refraction initial light; Make the light total internal reflection; Reflect this light again; Make anaclasis, produce thus to the output light of small part collimation.In certain embodiments, the present invention produces the output light that central ray is arranged essentially parallel to the outgoing of lens axis.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a feature with collapsible optics arrangement, comprising: contain first surface, second surface and be formed on the transparent body in the chamber in the second surface at least; The chamber that the 3rd surface is arranged; Second surface comprises radially and to extend the launch site of leaving this chamber; With the first surface that comprises a map-area, this circle district is configured to provide between the transparent body and its outside internal reflection folding and light refraction conversion.

In another embodiment, the present invention is characterized by the method that a kind of manufacturing is transformed into input radiation first distribution optical device of output radiation second distribution, comprise step: a two dimensional model is set, first distribution of input radiation is described as the marginal ray input bundle, second distribution of output radiation is described as marginal ray output comes, and in phase place-spatial representation, represent each input and output marginal ray bundle with the position of the length upper angle-sinusoidal dimension of refractive index weighting with each light; In response to the marginal ray boundary condition of phase place one spatial representation, the two-dimensional representation method of three effective optical surfaces of definition comprises several parts of continuous calculating at least the first and second surfaces; Extend the described two-dimensional representation method of described optical surface symmetrically, three-dimensional optical equipment is provided.

In an additional embodiment, the present invention is characterized as being a kind of input radiation first is distributed and is transformed into the optical device that output radiation second distributes, comprise: first, second and the 3rd effective surface, wherein first and second surfaces are with respect to effective non-spherical optical surface, the two-dimensional representation method that first, second and the 3rd effective surface are extended by symmetry limits, and forms a kind of three-dimensional equipment; And the conversion of first and second radiation is provided between the inside and outside of the three-dimensional equipment body that the first and the 3rd effective surface forms on first, second and the 3rd surface.

Detailed with reference to following summary of the invention to example embodiment that propose to use the principle of the invention and accompanying drawing can be understood all features of the present invention and advantage better.

Brief description

By the description of doing below in conjunction with following accompanying drawing more specifically, various aspects of the present invention, feature and advantage will be clearer, wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates previous RXI (refraction and reflection and internal reflection) transmitter lens;

Fig. 2 illustrates the simplification sectional view of lens in one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 illustrates and is positioned at the lens that are similar to Fig. 2 above the optical source;

Fig. 4 illustrates the collimating effect of lens, and lens are similar to Fig. 2 and 3;

Fig. 5 illustrates the amplification sectional view in a source, and light fan page or leaf is from the source radiation;

Fig. 6 illustrates a part of light source and a part of amplification sectional view that is positioned near the incidence surface in source;

Fig. 7～12 illustrate a series of partial sections that are used to measure and/or dispose lens parameter that are positioned near the lens in source in one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 13 illustrates the luminosity output of routine lens and light source configuration according to one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 14 illustrates the simplification sectional view of the lens of one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 15 illustrates the sectional view of the RXIR device simplification of another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 illustrates the sectional view of the RXIR device simplification of another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 17 illustrates the sectional view of the RXIR device simplification of one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 18 illustrates the sectional view of the folding collimator apparatus simplification of light of one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 19 illustrates the front view (FV) of overlooking of optical devices simplification shown in Figure 180;

Figure 20 is the front elevation that Figure 18 and 19 shown devices central authorities amplify; With

Figure 21 has the front view (FV) of overlooking that the lens of a plurality of asymmetric parts simplify.

Corresponding label refers to corresponding element in all accompanying drawings.

The detailed description of preferred embodiment

Implement the preferable mode of the present invention below and there is no limited significance, only be used to describe the General Principle of invention, scope of invention is determined by the right item.

In one embodiment, be the optical emitting of alignment light emitting diode light sources such as (LED) effectively, device of the present invention is provided with a collapsible light path.In one embodiment, the present invention is provided with a kind of compact optical lens that folded optical path is provided.The present invention also provides a kind of configuration and generation method of this device, provides folded optical path for effectively collimating.

Previous efficient nonimaging optics element is embedded in light source in the lens medium.In the International Patent Application PCT publication number WO-01/69300-A2 that is entitled as HIGH-EFFICIENCY NON-IMAGING OPTICS that announces September 20 calendar year 2001, the previous system that an example buries light source has been described, this application is included in here by reference.

Light source buries and means that light source promptly contains the packaging part permanent fixation in light source or LED source usually or is bonded in the lens medium.In addition, bonding light source will be used stick, and quite takes artificial.Moreover light source (as LED) is wanted firm the injection-molded tightness that is enough to bear.Under any situation, light source all buries very deeply in equipment body, has hindered the transposing of fault emitter.LED is put more difficult heat extraction in lens deeply, generally will be raised to LED and be higher than printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) with bearing.In addition, the embedding method of this optics is difficult to be used in the heated light source.The thermal stress factor shows, the thermolamp bubble can not be bonding with lens, because of thickness much bigger.

The present invention specially provides numerous embodiment that allow the additional design degree of freedom, and its method is partly to change the optical input surface shape, to intercept and capture the output light that most of light source produces.

The present invention is difficult to use in illumination to previous RXI lens a kind of non-embedding solution is provided, and the RXI here is the abbreviation of previous equipment, is limited by the emerging beam of getting back to the source inwards, wherein has refraction (R), reflection (X) and internal reflection (I).Perhaps, get back to the output bundle in source according to tracking, the invention provides a kind of refraction, reflection, internal reflection and refraction (RXIR), terminal refraction (R) is the plane of incidence refraction that adds.In one embodiment, for the good folded optical illuminating lens of dense property and application, center cavity is as the plane of incidence.

The invention provides illumination, emissive source is from the collimated light of central source in certain embodiments.In certain embodiments, the homogenous configurations structure can gather light beam on one target such as the optical communication receiver (as optical diode).In one embodiment, the present invention includes the transparent medium of single-piece special configuration, its first and second surface all is divided into central authorities and outer peripheral areas, and central area is nearest from light source (or optical receiver).In certain embodiments, central area is positioned at the light source cycle, seal or around light source, allow radiant light refraction ground to enter lens inside to small part, so light propagate by the folding optical element of reflection, from the first surface refraction outgoing be collimated beam.In further embodiments, lens configuration becomes to comprise through hole, lumen pore or the pipe fitting that the break-through phacoid is generally aimed at along central axis, and warp-wise centers on or is encapsulated into light source, such as high temperature source (as the tubulose incandescent lamp).

The above-mentioned non-type lens that run through comprise that its second (as following) one is positioned at the recess or the chamber of central authorities usually, and this recess comprises a refraction plane of incidence, and it is positioned near the light source, seals the preferably nearly all light from the source of at least a portion.In certain embodiments, the enough low light source of non-through lens adapted working temperature can be made lens of plastics such as acrylic acid or polycarbonate.The second surface of at least a portion remainder is configured to hold the quadric surface formation of the chamber and the plane of incidence, also can comprise a reflectance coating.Perhaps, with one independently the conformal reverberator be positioned to be directly adjacent to second surface.

According to the effect and the concrete configuration of lens of expectation, the center of opposite first or part are reflection, absorption or refraction.First surface comprises an external zones, and it is configured to provide internal reflection to the direction towards the source, and the direction from second surface is provided the exit facet of refraction.

The reverberator that constitutes optical fold is generally all carried on first and second surfaces.The second surface reflection is generally realized by lip-deep reflectance coating, and the top reflection generally realizes by total internal reflection (TIR), near the reflectance coating the upper surface center.Make in utilization aspect the plane of incidence of a folded optical element, the invention provides densely, effectively and the feature of being convenient to make, also be convenient to change the light source (or receiver) of fault, can deal with the higher temperatures light source.

The light of source emission enters lens inside by the recess plane of incidence.In one embodiment, originally light reflect and leave first surface, thereby to reflectivity or the deflection of little mirror application type second surface, then second surface reflects back light towards first surface, then light by first surface from the lens outgoing.Along with light spreads out of first surface, it usually through unirefringence deflection, forms the collimation output bundle when outgoing.

The correct incidence surface that is shaped in recess or chamber, operation holds light source up to small part, receives from almost all around the light of light source.Because light source is not embedded in the lens, the deflection capacity of the enhancing that is based upon light source surrounding air-medium circle between chamber incidence surface and the light source outside surface and provides has been provided in the present invention.Bury underground in the lens at the RXI of original technology, not this air-medium interface.

From the light of light source-enter lens body by the chamber incidence surface, light just experiences the one or many reflection, reflects during outgoing again.Light source comes broad angle of propagation to reduce during its folding scioptics, forms the output bundle of the narrow collimation of angular region.The lens profile is made Change In Design slightly, but the angle output area of broadening light just, to adapt to concrete illumination regulation, i.e. the intensity index of auto bulb, lip-deep lighting pattern or other lighting requirement, for example when the normal of using planar, cos ^-3Intensity pattern will form uniform brightness thereon.

The degree of freedom that is provided by a plurality of effective surfaces (as three, four or more) that are deployed on first and second lens surfaces has been provided in the present invention.Some embodiment are configured to adapted LED optical launcher.Some embodiment are made into such as acrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyarylate and cyclenes by injection-molded transparent polymer plastics, for example the latter can be used for high operating temperature, such as 161 ℃, be generally 140 ℃, the cycloalkenyl group product Zeonor 1600R that its example has Japanese Zeon company to produce.

Other embodiment are applicable to high temperature.Lens useable glass, silicone or other similar transparent or partially transparent material, these materials at high temperature can keep its form.These type of lens adapt to high temperature and other high temperature light source as be used for vehicle head powder related with incandescent source.In some embodiment that use for high temperature light source, lens comprise the common center cavity that penetrates monolithic lens, as pore or tube chamber.The also configurable convection current cooling of pore thermal source.

Be deployed in the shape of a plurality of optics effective surfaces (as three optics effective surfaces) on first and second lens surfaces, derive by a kind of simultaneous multilist face (SMS) method.According to an embodiment, the present invention is handling two optics effective surfaces of common generation continuously in a system with SMS to this method of small part.This method has been used the general flute card of marginal ray, light shafts and part ellipse, thus the concrete starting condition of appointment such as lens sizes with respect to light source under, the output of this device transformation light source and finish illumination task.

In certain embodiments, SMS method of the present invention is a kind of two-dimentional SMS method, analyzes earlier the concrete property of led light source, led array or another kind of light source and structure thereof and/or outward appearance during beginning and how changes with respect to the direction of package axis.Previous optics collimator such as parabolic lens and convex lens are because LED is rendered as the source radial width in irrelevant source (being irregular matter) and is inapplicable.Measured lens parameter and configuration by this SMS method that this paper discloses, made lens be applied to almost any led light source and no matter its optical package how, also is applied to other light source.In above-mentioned usefulness international patent application for referencial use, more generally part has disclosed the SMS method.

The invention provides the method for another kind of differentiate lens profile, this method can be used for accurate face lens, and has used the light from light source center in the framework of single order optical element.In one embodiment, this process is to the little core of emissive source comprehensive SMS method of describing below having used on the mathematics.

This SMS method has been used the marginal ray of light source, they is transformed into the output (may the narrowest output as their are formed) of collimation or is transformed into satisfy the output that specific illumination requires.In both cases, the SMS method generates a kind of radial distribution in one embodiment, forms three-dimensional lens by distributing around the central axis rotation sweep.Marginal ray is the light that a light beam or light source are represented the angle or the spatial extrema in source, thereby the phase place-space boundary in the source of formation.In addition, phase space is a kind of abstract two-dimensional space, the spatial variations of representative source or bundle transmit direction.

Except this type of rotation symmetric lens, the present invention can dispose to such an extent that depart from this symmetry slightly, makes and experiences moderate variation when being distributed in rotation sweep, adapts to asymmetric lighting requirement, such as the lighting requirement of auto bulb.

In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a central small hole to the tubulose incandescent source.In a kind of configuration, the present invention includes a kind of four quadrantal lens arrangements of being with, each quadrantal regeneration distributes different slightly, but is molded as the monolithic lens.In a kind of configuration, the present invention includes a kind of binary collector, be with symmetrical rotation variable distribution, this improved double ends lens and some favourable attributes, wherein two advantages are: excellent convection current can be cooled off light source (as the heated light source), and the volume that dwindles is convenient to make.This is because in certain embodiments, the binary collector can be molded as the semi-permeable mirror of two mirror image free forms, when being placed in the light source either side, a little vertical orientation gap is arranged therebetween, the flue shape air-flow that system produces has been eliminated long wavelength's heat that the lamp lens cover absorbs.

Term light used herein and illumination are not limited to the visible wavelength region of 380～750 nanometers, also comprise the entire ultraviolet and the infra-red range that are suitable for the geometrical optics element.In these invisible scopes, the present invention has and similar techniques advantage in visible range.

Although it is less relatively to be fit to the transparent material of ultraviolet region, the heated modulated structure that auto bulb is disclosed also is fit to the extreme ultraviolet lithography that semiconductor is made here, forms ability because the invention provides high collection efficiency with excellent bundle.The present invention also is equally applicable near ultraviolet LED, and this LED will be a dark horse as being used to excite the main light source of visible fluorescence body.

In the near-infrared region (as 700～1100nm), can be based on night vision illumination device of the present invention commercially available near-infrared LED as the lens light source, it can be molded with above-mentioned plastics, and method is identical with the visible illumination device.The invention provides good collimating effect, its is fit to last-mile field (the burgeoningfield of last-mile) of branching out is the free space optical communication data link.At bigger middle LONG WAVE INFRARED wavelength, rotational symmetry provided by the invention makes it be fit to the same diamond cutting technology manufacturing of using with infrared optical element.The application of the present invention's one routine particular importance is a kind of cost-efficient to believing that heat seeks the infrared interference defense installation of minitype airborne of guided missile.

Fig. 1 illustrates previous RXI (refraction and reflection and internal reflection) transmitter lens, comprises solid dielectric 1 and the embed-type LED2 that is positioned at its optical centre.Electrode pair 3 electric power from driving/controller 4 guiding LED2.Centre mirror coating 6 is left in center light wire harness 5 reflections of LED emission, and 7 internal reflections of light surround wire harness leave positive 8.Two groups of reflections (being shown as downward) light of advancing reflects and leaves the plated film back side 9, is collimated beam 10 by positive 8 outgoing.Comprise the necessary immersion lens 1 of the LED2 that is produced on auxilliary optical element together with it, thereby do not have air gap or other this type of refractive index interfaces between light source and the lens.

Fig. 2 illustrates the simplification sectional view of lens 18 in one embodiment of the invention.The true origin of point 26 indications is positioned at the flexural center of light-source chamber 19 incidence surfaces 25 top 25a, and true origin 26 also is the nominal position (see figure 4) at light source 30 centers generally.When this device work was optical receiver, this true origin band was focus or the Jiao Qu that receives light.

Central axis 27 is rotation symcenter.Phacoid 20 is configured to comprise mounting flange 21 in lens periphery.The first surface of lens is that upper surface comprises the central flat surface or distinguishes 22, surrounds crooked surface approximately or zone 23.Fig. 2 a illustrates lens 18 upper surface birds-eye perspectives.

Refer again to Fig. 2, the lens lower surface comprises reflective outer surface or little mirror 24, and comprises that in fact chamber 19, chamber have any shape or the style of admitting light source.In one embodiment, chamber 19 is bell, and incidence surface 25 forms the chamber and admits the surface, has almost closed light source in some embodiments.Invalid surperficial 28 (intercepting light hardly) surround and are assigned to the additional thickness that lens hold mounting flange 21 thickness, this additional thickness not, and lens will be smaller and more exquisite, use different installation category or mode.Figure 26 illustrates the lower surface of lens 18 band reflecting surfaces 24 and brings the skeleton view in the chamber 19 of reflective surface 25 into.The embodiment of lens 18 does not have flange shown in Fig. 2 b, has the peripheral sharp-edged 61 of making other mounting means.

The present invention can use some different mounting meanss.In one embodiment, it is fastening and lens critically are installed with snap fit method to be installed.Fig. 2 c illustrates the skeleton view of lens 900, shows the lower surface that available injection-molded transparent polymer forms.Lens 900 comprise a staggered center cavity 922, and it is shaped as the LED packaging part (as the Luxeon that discusses below) of admitting previous imagination, conforms to its shape precision.

Lens 900 usefulness are allocated the fastening and/or steady arm or the device of mounting flange 905 into and are installed.Clasp comprises one or more groove 910～914 (such as the orientation groove) and peg or joint 915～917.The corresponding hasp element one of fit lens 900 works on hasp element and the illuminating product interlocking elements, and this hasp is protected and levied the satisfactory tolerance of assembling, can not reach mirror surface, back 924 simultaneously.

Lens 20 shown in Fig. 3 are similar to the lens of Fig. 2, are positioned in such as light sources such as dome packaged LED 30, led array or other above light source, and LED is actually any LED.In some embodiments, the LED radiation becomes to be almost semisphere.Diagram LED is similar to the Luxeon White LED that commercially available Lamileds company makes, and has+100 ° of radiation patterns.Yet,, lens configuration can be become use almost any LED, wide corner LED, mount type LED and other light source and wide angle light source by SMS method described herein.Similarly, the design process that proposes here also can use almost any other commercially available light source to device.Luxeon provides high white-light emitting degree, because Luxeon is called as flip-chip, so top electrode is not introduced inhomogeneous engagement shade.

The transparent dome of light source 30 comprises the hemisphere district 31 that extends to short column section 32 in its lower section.Transmitting chip 33 is embedded in refractive index for example to be in 1.54 the dome medium and to be contained on the substrate 34.Chip 33 and substrate 34 are held by flat reflective surface or little mirror 35.Usually, the light source 30 that comprises dome 31 and chip 33 is depicted as and stretches into lens 20 with axis 27 (seeing Fig. 2 in addition) with the shared rotational symmetric central axis 27 of lens.Transmitting chip 33 generally is square, thereby axis 27 is consistent with four axis of symmetry of chip 33.

Light source 30 to small part is positioned in the chamber 19, and lens make the incidence surface 25 in chamber 19 locate to such an extent that the LED source is pressed close in maintenance around light source 30 location.In some embodiments, the incidence surface in chamber with remain at least with respect to the precalculated position of LED ± 1.0mm in, preferably at least in ± 0.1mm, more preferably at least in ± 0.05mm.

Fig. 4 illustrates the collimating effect that lens 20 provide, and lens can be similar to the lens of Fig. 2 and 3.Lens 20 are positioned adjacent to led light source packaging part 30 also in the above, and the central ray 40 of the collimation of its emission sent from true origin 26 originally, propagated along light path folding in the lens.

The also subsidiary proposition of the present invention is a kind of derives from all lens embodiment to realize the method for required output 40 such as required collimated beam 40.In one embodiment, this method of the characteristic of derivation lens and structure begins with the optical texture of the Radiation Emission of investigating light source, and has used simultaneous multilist face (SMS) method.The present invention has also determined a kind of additional the 3rd incidence surface 25 of novelty, has improved previous lens configuration.

Rotational symmetry of the present invention collimates output 40 around central axis 27 (see figure 3)s around axis 27 formation and concentrated having organized.This central axis generally passes the center of light source 33.Fig. 3 and 4 dome packaged LED 30 are aimed at along central axis 27 usually, and axis 27 is aimed at the axis of symmetry (with light-source chamber 19 configurations that are generally light source 30 designs) of these lens embodiment, therefore the lens that produce by this method mould cutting plane that distributes and generally be positioned at shown in the figure and be discussed below.Lens distribute and can rotate all surfaces of skimming over 360 ° and generating lens of the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment, in one of initial step of determining lens configuration, schematically illustrated and characterized detailed space-angle luminosity distribution that regulation is pressed close to the suggestion light source.Like this after other parameter such as dimension of light source and collimation optics diameter etc. have been considered this distributed intelligence, just can be to designing the collimation of determining maximum possible.Therefore, Fig. 5 and 5a illustrate dome LED30 and are contained in the cross section calcspar that the luminescence chip 33 on the silicon pedestal 34 is simplified, and it is on the little mirror 35 that 34 of silicon pedestals are contained in the plane reflection surface.With reference to Fig. 5 that the light source amplification sectional view is shown, light fan 50 is from first jiao or for example chip 33 sail angles 36 radiation of silk, before the spherical wave that its representative is therefrom outwards propagated usually.

Because of wavefront leaves the center of dome 31, so behind being refracted to dome 31 surperficial ambient airs, become non-sphere (i.e. distortion).The light of Fig. 5 extends outwardly beyond the packaging part border of dome 31, and the directional profile on surface is shown.In some embodiments, between dome surface 31 and lens incidence surface 25, form air gap (as the wide 0.1mm of air gap) usually.The present invention will point out that also angle 39 forms the last light 50e of light fan 50 on the packaging part of dome 31 outsides.Point 51 illustrates the refraction of wavefront, and some light reflect two deflections with it in hemisphere surface 31 at this point.Before these light belong to refraction wave, represent one group of marginal ray that is used for preferable lens 20 design processes.

Except light fan 50, Fig. 5 a also illustrates from promptly left comer radiation of 33 second jiaos of chips and the mirror image light fan 52 outwards propagated by dome 31.The lens configuration method has also been used therefrom this marginal ray fan 52 of radiation.

Considered from the light emission of (, depend on light source and make height) of chip 33 sakes as highly being 0.15mm.The lens design method has been used the luminosity that this lateral parts of chip draws, because obtained high emission brightness (area of four surface of emissions of chip accounts for 60% of topside area, and the fluorescence coating on the chip of side produces the brightness the same with the top) in its surface.Figure 56 illustrates the enlarged drawing that is contained in the transmitting chip 33 on the opaque silicon pedestal 34, is little mirror 35 below the pedestal 34.The angle 53 of chip 33 forms another group marginal ray 55, uses in the starting stage of an embodiment of lens design method usually.On behalf of the light of chip base angle 53 emissions, marginal ray fan 55 depart from about 100 ° of the last light that just is not injected into device angle 39.

To the side, Fig. 5 c illustrates the enlarged drawing of transmitting chip 33 from 33 ends 53 of transmitting chip, and fan marginal ray 54 is used for lens design.The marginal ray 54 of chip sides 56 emissions propagates into 31 outsides, dome surface of just not injecting LED packaging part blocking angle 39.

Fig. 5 d illustrates phase place-space diagram that a side is simplified, and on behalf of light, these marginal rays 50,52,54 and 55 be coated with the border in respective phase-space.More particularly, these marginal rays are represented the phase place-space boundary of emission in chip 33 top plan.The medium refraction index of the light source packaging part that this is routine is n.Phase place-space diagram the right, illustrated light source chip 33 has three surface normals that form angle α at top and both sides.The left side is that n=1.54, α are in+90 ° by+nsin α vertically extending " light source phase place-space " figure, and the light that becomes counterclockwise angle with surface normal is negative value.The light that send at transmitting chip 33 tops is in the part between phase space on the left side-0.5mm and the right+0.5mm.Arbitrary side all is two smaller lateral launch sites.

The axis of symmetry 27 also is formed centrally together adopted point in the light source phase space.Here represent the light among aforementioned all figure to fan with various lines.In the light source phase space, the left and right sides light fan 52 and 50 of boundary line, the left and right sides 52 and 50 representative graph 5a.Similarly, the angle light fan 53 of Fig. 5 b is outmost lines 53, and straight line 54 is corresponding to the restriction light 54 of Fig. 5 c.Center line 59 is center light wire harness, is derived from chip center, is decided to be a little 27 here.

The notion of phase space is a kind of two-dimensional mathematics structure, and axis is the volume coordinate apart from x with rotationally symmetric axis, and the sine that another root axis is the inclination alpha of light and this axis is multiplied by the refractive index n of the medium that light propagates therein.This coordinate has been well-known, introduces in the Hami1tonian optical principle.The inventive method has been used these marginal rays, because as long as they are collimated, then the light in their formed phase space borders is also collimated.Therefore, for setting up lens profile, following design method has been used these marginal rays.

The total area of the phase place-space representation of chip emission is commonly referred to light gathering power E, can make numerical value and calculate in phase space.This light gathering power also may be defined as the phase place-spatial area that characterizes light source or light beam, can't increase with optical device.The second law of thermodynamics is equivalent to the light gathering power conservation theorem when being applied to irrelevant light source, illustrate that the light gathering power of chip emission can not increase during by optical system.If the perforation hole of system is fixed through D, then the light gathering power conservation is fixed a lower limit (if not losing luminous power) to the output angle collimation, can realize this purpose when output bundle being limited to narrow emission angle α.The light gathering power of this output bundle is provided by following formula:

E＝2Dsinα

Therefore, the light gathering power constrained devices will have:

α＝sin ^-1(E/20)

With reference to Fig. 5 e, the optics effective diameter of lens surface 23 is corresponding to 35 millimeters of the lens of aforementioned manufacturing among Fig. 3.With reference to Fig. 5 d, light source chip 33 (as Luxeon) width (as 1mm) radiation is ± 90 °, and height makes side radiation become 100 ° of angles as being 0.15mm, and is complete in the dome medium of refractive index for example about 1.54.The light gathering power that phase place-space outline forms is:

This shows that lens output bundle 20 can not be narrower than E=([2+2 * 0.15 * (1-cos100 °)] * 1.54)=3.62mm:

α=sin-1 (3.62/2 * 35))=2.96 ° cause Fig. 5 e airborne output aperture (last figure) and output phase space (figure below) to be shown just above lens like this, suppose n=1 here.For example, aperture width D is 35mm, and phase space is ± and sin (α) (n=1) crosses over, and light gathering power (phase place-spatial area) is the same with the light source phase space of Fig. 5 d.Note, straight line 89 representatives stride across the parallel rays of whole lens width outgoing, all these light all send at the transmitter center and are positioned on the straight line 59 of Fig. 5 d, thereby certain a bit becomes straight line in lens outgoing place on the light source, and all angles that while light leaves this point become the parallel rays of crossing over lens outgoing place.This can be envisioned as phase place-spatial rotation 90 °.

The little value of this α=± 2.96 ° collimation is in fact narrower than the value with the paraboloidal mirror of diameter, because very big to the variable in distance that forms all points that distribute from the focus of paraboloid, this shortcoming is well-known as coma in image optics.But in the present invention, the degree of freedom that shape provided of a plurality of fold surfaces such as upper and lower surface 23 and 24, make optical path length almost with from the light source to the exit surface on 23 the length of each point the same, obtain striding across lens angle output uniformly basically.

The SMS method that this paper discloses can satisfy the lighting pattern to the normalized regulation of whole bundle luminosity by appropriate change marginal ray output angle α, but form factor has limited the size that marginal ray output can change.Perhaps or in addition, as Fig. 4 illustration, central ray is presented to disperse or receive sword, can revise the output intensity pattern.

Fig. 6 illustrates the sectional view that light source 30 parts are amplified, and in the LED33 submergence dome, a part of incidence surface 25 in chamber 19 is located near light source 30 and dome surface 31.The design of the incidence surface 25 in chamber 19 affects the propagation that at least a portion marginal ray comprises left and right sides light fan 52 and 50 through particular arrangement.

Only pass through the last light 53 at the angle 39 of light source packaging part 30, change by incidence surface 25 from its original angle (as 100 °) deflection one predetermined angle, for example 30 ° angle changes.The single refraction that this angle of 30 ° changes for refractive index n=1.54 equals actual maximum, thus marginal ray on angle, be compressed to ± 70 °, than the equipment of previous RXI equipment such as Fig. 1 some improvement are arranged.Four improvement wherein comprise:

(1) light source 30 can be positioned at exit facet or surface plane below, can directly install towards PCB.As shown in Figure 1, previous equipment requirements light source chip 2 is positioned at the top of lower surface outer rim 9;

(2) can reduce whole lens thickness, dispose more dense.Cancellation flange 21 and invalid surperficial 28 (see figure 2)s can reduce lens thickness again;

(3) can increase common lens thickness from light source 2 distance that the 8 previous equipment that limit are very little to the lens top shown in Figure 1 at the center; With

(4) light source 33 immersion lens 18 (see figure 2)s not are convenient to displacement or alternative fault light source, are selected light source or improved light source for use, also can cancel in the previous equipment step that light source is adhered to the trouble of Fig. 1 lens and is easy to bubble.

The advantage that buries of recommending is in each air-plastic interface (surface 31 and 25) the Fresnel reflection loss have been reduced about 4%.In certain embodiments, the present invention has reduced this dual loss by use the counnter attack film on 19 incidence surfaces 25 of chamber.In these embodiments, also the hemisphere surface 31 of packaging part 30 has been added the counnter attack film.

Refer again to Fig. 6, also show a flex point, indication along incidence surface 25 should the surface from general central spherical glittering a bit.Central spherical is generally concentric to the dome of piece installing with LED.Notice that at the light of flex point 60 below by incidence surface 25, approximate 70 ° of angles that are parallel to last light 50e are just in time walked around angle 39 or arrived piece installing 30.The every bit of lens upper and lower surface receives and fans a marginal ray (for clarity sake, a small amount of light being shown) of 52 and 50 separately from left and right sides light.In the design phase of back, violate this condition and just mean the necessary design driver of revising.In one embodiment, this method depends on that each obtains only runs into single point to marginal ray, has limited the possible shape of incidence surface of the present invention.

Fig. 7～12 illustrate a series of sectional views of the lens 20 that are positioned adjacent to light source 30 by one embodiment of the invention, represent to be used for determining and/or design phase of configuration lens parameter to small part this method.In these figure, for clarity sake, the relative size of illustrated LED packaging part 30 has reduced, and only the part that will study illustrates lens surface 23 and 24 up and down.These illustrate the derivation that lens distribute, thereby the right side that lens distribute only is shown, and the left side is understood that the mirror image around lens center axis (being the axis 27 of Fig. 2).

Design procedure limits when all marginal rays of incident optical system finish to leave usually based on the marginal ray theory of nonimaging optics, thereby all light are all in phase place-space boundary that they form.Application marginal ray theory, the present invention is transformed into the limited output bundle of light gathering power e to the emission of chip, and for calculating optical equipment is transformed into the marginal ray of chip+distribution of the marginal ray of α output bundle, this is essential and fully.The beam diameter of expectation has straight edge at the Q point, and this may be genuine, but be empty (in Fig. 7) this moment.

Refer again to Fig. 5 e, extend to the output aperture 70 of the most left point 72 shown in the figure from the rightest point 71, output phase-space rectangle 80 also is shown.Point 71 and 72 corresponds respectively to Q point and the mirror image Q ' (not shown among Fig. 7) thereof of Fig. 7.

Still with reference to Fig. 5 e, collimated beam 73 is represented the left margin 83 of phase space rectangle 80 from perforation hole 70 the most left point 72 emissions.Central beam 75 by central point of hole 74 is represented center line 85, and the rightest bundle 76 is represented the right margin 86 of rectangle 80.Coboundary 87 is represented from taking the last collimation marginal ray of striding hole 70, call in the following text+α finishes, and 88 representatives of phase space border are called in the following text-α light from the most left collimation marginal ray across hole 70 down.The light of surface normal 79 alignings of this Kong Yukong 70 is passed in center line 89 representatives.

Fig. 7 represents the phase one of lens design.Transmitting chip 33 extends to the rightest some R from the most left some R '.In one embodiment, the inventive method is with each element of the continuous calculating chart 7 of predesigned order, the position of for example first set point Q.Horizontal level is the external radius in the effective hole of equipment optics, usually the application scenario of appointment is determined.In addition, the light gathering power limit formula of utilization hole width 0, effective transmitting chip width d (as 1.3mm) and packaging part refractive index n, the horizontal level of Q has determined emission angle α, formula is:

Dsin α=nd on the other hand, the upright position of Q is a free parameter.White virtual source Q rises, through r ₁Outgoing marginal ray r ₀₀Radiation corresponding to phase place-space boundary line 86 of Fig. 5 e.

This method next step as shown in Figure 7, select the outermost hole point A in top light source 23.The light r that some A hanks and upwards propagates along from light source Q ₁, be actually the virtual image of a C.To the position of top surface 23 selected element C, stipulate an exit surface distribution section AC, best first flex point then with low order polynomial.Point B is that curve A C is along upper surface 23 and light r ₀₀Intersection point, and light r ₀₀The reverse trace that do not reflect pass through Q.Compute ray r00 is in the refraction on the surface of being represented by curve A C again.

The minimum light r0 that just walks around packaging part 30 exterior angles 39 upwards is refracted to a c, and this is to finish at the MN of incidence surface section outermost point M, but also engages smoothly with incidence surface center hemispherical portion at a N.Section MN becomes to be focused at the light of a C to the light refraction from the some R of light source 33 and R ', thereby section MN is a specific universalization flute card elliptic problem: find out the light of an appointment wavefront is transformed into another appointment wavefront ray refraction or reflecting surface.In the original flute card problem of 17th century, found out the spherical wave front refraction that will be derived from any or be reflected into another convergence and got the surface of the spherical wave front of difference (being called flute card ellipse) by Descavtes statement and proof.Flute card ellipse generally is a quartic polynomial (but comprising special circumstances such as ellipse, hyperbolic curve and sphere), in case it has been fixed a single point, is just determined (supposition has provided spherical wave front and surface type, refraction or reflection certainly) uniquely.The solution of universalization flute card elliptic problem also has been well-known (since Levi-Civita in 1900), make exactly with two given quilts before related eikonal equation equate (when only using the position of light and direction ignoring radiation flux, eikonal can be defined as electromagnetic mathematical notation).The following continuous segment that distributes with this general flute card ellipsograph fix-focus lens upper and lower surface in the same way.

Behind the AC of general flute card oval section MN that has stipulated incidence surface and upper surface, the section ED of reflection basal surface is calculated as general flute card ellipse, this general flute card ellipse will be transformed into the upwards light of the section of propagating into AB from the light of C total internal reflection, and section AB is transformed into the emergent ray fan of propagating from virtual source Q with light, comprises light r ₀Be transformed into light r ₀₀

On transmitting chip 33, finally be transformed into emerging beam ± α from the marginal ray of a R and R ', its empty initial point is at Q.If Q and A selection is approaching mutually, an A～E is close together, make upwards skew of basal surface 24, up to elimination invalid surperficial 28 and flange 21 (see figure 2)s.This configuration shown in Figure 26 is another preferred embodiment of the present invention, and this routine reflecting surface 24 is configured to surround chamber 19 and radially is extended to mirror edge 61.

The part (point of distance M) that incidence surface 25 is higher than flex point N is chosen as the top of simple type hemisphere.As described below, other shape can form different preferred embodiments.

Fig. 8 illustrates the next stage of this lens design method.Marginal ray r from 33 the most left somes R ' of transmitting chip ₁～r ₂By the hemisphere portion of incidence surface 25 (some N top) refraction, almost advancing to section CC ' the section CC ' that distributes abreast is a general flute card ellipse, to this group marginal ray (r ₁～r ₂) internal reflection, make them propagate into the section ED that distributes.Section ED upwards is reflected into light and is distributed AB and is refracted as substantially parallel light group+α.Notice that the light from the light source space edge finishes at the angle edge of collimation output.

Fig. 9 illustrates the next step that this method is determined lower surface distribution section EE '.The base angle point S of transmitting chip 33 and drift angle R qualification light are not just injected and are interdicted the initial point at angles by LED packaging part 30.These light make them by after the distribution section CC ' total internal reflection that incidence surface 25 reflected and obtained through reflections propagate, finish as substantially parallel exit surface group-α.The section that distributes EE ' is general flute card ellipse, these marginal rays is reflected into the light of advancing from the section CC ' that distributes downwards.In case by the section EE ' reflection of lower limb light 24, light just upwards propagates the section of being distributed BC ' refraction, thereby in 40 li outgoing of collimated beam (Fig. 2).

Figure 10 and 11 illustrates the continuation of this lens design method one embodiment, comprises the upper surface distribution section C ' C that derives respectively " with a lower surface distribution section E ' E ".Figure 10 illustrates the parallel outgoing marginal ray+α that is produced by the light that is derived from rearmost point R ', thereby can generate the section C ' C that distributes in mathematical method ".Figure 11 illustrates equally with parallel outgoing marginal ray-α and generates the section E ' E that distributes " method.This two-step process continues inwardly to repeat along upper surface 23, to finish the derivation that whole lens distribute, as shown in Figure 2.In order to guarantee the metallicity reflection when no longer keeping in total internal reflection condition (incident angle＞critical angle), also calculated the width or the diameter of top reflecting part or little mirror 22 (see figure 2)s.In case made the original selection of some M, A, C and Q, just generate lens uniquely and distribute, optimize its regioselective actual means thereby become.In other words, can generate various candidates' lens distribution by different starting points in groups.

Change angle [alpha] and the tilt angle gamma of central ray at perforation hole in design process, draw heterogeneous beam, this bundle can be made the specific rotation symmetric illumination requirement of obedience by intensity I out (Q) regulation, and wherein Q is the outgoing emission angle with optical axis.Iout (Q) is to the integration of output bundle 40 whole Q scopes, equals not have (Fresnel reflection of incident and outgoing is than, surface or volume scattering and absorption) packaging part luminosity of lens losses.In fact, this method can be with arbitrary to producing intensity I _OUT(Q) function alpha (x) is obtained each upper and lower surface distribution height apart from x of decentering axis with γ (x).For example, because r (x)=0 depicts possible narrow beam, thereby wideer bundle should use dull r (x), or disperses (dr/dx＞0), or assembles (dr/dx＜0), decides near the bundle characteristic of the expectation lens, and in the far field, the result is all I _OUT(Q).

Satisfying the lens of certain regulation, is to generate the result that various ray-traces converge on candidate's distribution of this regulation in a series of.To the preliminary test of α (x) and (x), use them with polynomial form, coefficient can be adjusted with conventional multi-parameters optimization method, and revision test reaches the fine tuning purpose again.

Suppose that β (x) is and warp central ray r _mThe angle that forms of optical axis, and light r _mSend from the central point 0 in chip cross section,, launch with angle β (x) at the point of position x from perforation hole by the equipment outgoing.Chip with the intensity of direction β emission is:

I _IN(β)=and LD (β) d, L is the brightness (the variation formula is L (β)) of chip in (1) formula, d is the transverse width of chip end face, is incident upon perpendicular to light r and D (β) is the warp cross section of chip _mThe plane in size.Function D (β) is:

In the formula h be chip height (as the Luxeon that is simulated here, d=1mm, h=0.15mm).The top of formula (2) represents to have two, first end face emission corresponding to chip, second side-emitted corresponding to chip.In the bottom is represented (surpass β 90 ° value), only exist side-emitted (for Luxeon, β _MAX=100 °).

The monotonic nature of aforesaid chief ray angle of divergence r (x) has been stipulated the dull dependence between β and the θ, and this interdependent performance makes the flux conservation during the transmission of intensity scioptics provide as follows by an optical approximate method:

η _Optics(β) I _IN(β) d β=± I _OUT(θ) d θ, η in (3) formula _OpticsBe to take into account along the relevant refraction of central angle β in the passage of light and metallicity reflection and estimation.± ξ is used for selecting convergence output bundle equipment (+) or emission type equipment (-).To formula (3) both sides integration, draw function β=f (θ), integration constant is not quite clear, decides by selecting boundary condition (as θ=0 o'clock, β=0).

In the first-order approximation method, because the central ray of bundle plays a part streamline in non-imaging striation structure, so the light gathering power conservation is set fourth as:

2sin α cos γ d ρ=nD (β) d β=nD (f (θ)) f ' is d θ (θ), and n is the refractive index of chip period in (4) formula.Get γ～θ:

$2\sin \mathrm{\αd\ρ}=\frac{\mathrm{nD}\left(f\left(\mathrm{\γ}\right)\right)f^{\′}\left(\mathrm{\γ}\right)}{\cos \mathrm{\γ}}\mathrm{d\γ}---\left(5\right)$

Therefore, α (x) can freely select (except the odd number situation), and r (x) can calculate by the integration of formula (5), otherwise becomes right.

In one embodiment, this device is configured to make beam divergence, and the inclination angle is with the linear change with the distance of optical axis, and optical axis produces the apparent virtual image (providing the shinny degree of depth) of chip in the optical device back.Here the general category of Jie Shiing is to be refracted into the collapsible illuminating lens of reflective surface around its location, and to small part ambient light source (under the situation of illuminating lens) or width light-receiving device, LED also can play the part of this role.

If allow function r=f (θ) for not dull, will disperse all the other output bundles because of the part output bundle and will restrain, so degree of freedom has increased.So for example can freely select α (x), or freely select r (x) in the portion of dispersing.By the function r (x) of said method calculating convergent part, produce the intensity I of regulation _OUT(θ) deduct the intensity (it can calculate, because α (x) is arranged in the portion of dispersing already with r (x)) that emission part produces.The semisphere configuration of chamber 19 incidence surfaces 25 can be used for conforming to the semi-spherical shape of light source packaging part 30.Figure 12 illustrates and locatees near a part of amplification sectional view of the lens 20 of light source 30.Generally speaking, from the light U and the V that upwards advance of transmitting chip 33 relative both sides emission, by first or center lens portion 22 reflections of upper surface, so light by second or lower surface 24 reflected backs in the outlet of regulation angle of collimation ± α outside.If light U and V can not accurately be reflected or have other problem, also can be made into central part 22 smooth and made absorbability.This absorbability configuration has been arranged, just do not existed and exceed the parasitic light of specifying output bundle.The uptake zone can be designed to plant efficiency is produced minimum influence (a few percent).

Figure 13 illustrates the lens of a routine one embodiment of the invention and the luminosity output of light source configuration.The collimation that generates light beam is tight (being that light gathering power is limited) so, makes with 90% to have square as light source with output bundle that 10% isophote marks.

Be used for this SMS method that the numerical value lens distribute and generate, list the point (so much) of a series of optical surfaces 23 up and down and 24 respectively as what expect.In one embodiment, the present invention is for than the simpler surperficial index of simple coordinate inventory, provide a plurality of points for example with the match of certain high-order moment, and this multinomial multipotency is with the approximate lens surface distributed data of enough precision.Because slope error is the harshest on the optics, so in one embodiment, for realizing accurate match, the present invention reduces to minimum with the secondary slope error.Give an example, a kind of preferable match of aforementioned 35mm lens design provides all coefficients of back by following formula to top surface:

$Z=\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_i\·x^i;$

For basal surface:

$Z=\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{b}_i\·x^i;$

For incidence surface:

$Z=\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{c}_i\·x^i$

Wherein when carrying out the algorithm of this formula of expression, 0 °=1.Table 1 illustrates many points of several routine top surfaces, basal surface and incidence surface.

j	a j	b j	c j
				0	4.7517143955675234	-2.37422896547999551	3.27943985579559971
1	0.078213913593562695	0.0622292951208277545	-0.0246173121411210616
				2	-0.0662978742367759943	-0.0389759664142950712	-0.0737882797784141786
3	0.0653268361785309115	0.0427753804903300075	-0.0371345035186528491
				4	-0.028131071797561049	-0.0165057172583391483	-0.208828497656781797
5	0.00667342646261397977	0.00390454007192048754	0.0462095551333369797
				6	-0.000909090274647977956	-0.000574432591739397437	0.563664059210326585
7	6.53740286835509241e-05	4.96008482510230716e-05	-0-710315520384180776
				8	-1.71070606076973267e-06	-1.89908189331935791e-06	0.281466616893121468
9	3.6958c831889232931c-09	-4.30655451796882795c-08	0.0267283041984665987
				10	-7.55216398291593744e-09	5.60783797629530747e-09	-0.0433934461104145547
11	5.0798280142263671e-10	1.18989177906988579e-10	0.00432512014126843966
				12	1.03085871377327384e-11	-2.94224248903500602e-11	0.00225536958553495094
13	9.46270040867123034e-14	1.29019160003313356e-12	-0.000173933726991574501
				14	-9.88694721333669511e-14	-4.12512389072579956e-14	-8.12937989966903794e-05

15	-7.41902659979368428e-16	8.73443199845399005e-16	-7.14766252067262778e-06
				16	3.60491708808995904e-17	1.89912240702166625e-16	1.20703334148528569e-06
17	1.62842051709098065e-17	-8.95609052302280274e-18	4.98012294447932047ee-07
				18	-8.52526011450971706e-20	-1.4236964742671855e-19	1.31956229687478493e-07
19	5.6513277964315026e-23	-3-266489987108401348-20	1.02344717808129012e-08
				20	-2.03202847331993117e-21	1.94006021694096199e-21	-7.71592468451516261e-09
21	-9.45109111076399026e-24	1.63203403326030414e-23	-1.15687396744118322e-09
				22	-5.64169945062607058e-24	-2.39150069511507584e-24	-2.27355224407997751e-10
23	7.19729651975731253e-25	5.2690516533691285e-25	3.58182414730620312e-11
				24	1.53396378378546122e-26	9.50454763650073265e-27	1.14396812818287773e-11
25	9.073506527840067e-28	-1.69824517836859919e-27	1.80840995751385356e-12
				26	-1.83669245121739288e-28	-8.11566156767613041e-29	3.84529655691247707e-13
27	-3.3240050146999732e-30	3.5096580735441562e-30	-4.44916828079620503e-14
				28	-2.57300919608035131e-31	-2.95601508863453337e-32	-1.71901119269923803e-14
29	3.55549030824495442e-32	6.18196343723693842e-33	-6.63206239661835948e-15
				30	-8.43513155870074496e-34	8.25753015594589045e-34	-5.79336274978293154e-16
31	1.04545916297016553e-34	2.79078083511144539e-35	7.44350341188460437e-17
				32	1.63271306677402734e-36	1.36142360482703487e-36	6.49464339107313353e-17
33	1.21819065774971929e-37	-2.30782421623554762e-38	1.37977429835118187e-17
				34	-3.69585808585755392e-38	-1.2556670208535129e-38	-9.92758283229503948e-19
35	-4.15276497544421456e-40	7.32373456569378427e-41	-3.59739035272194971e-19
				36	1.24075605775685041e-41	-1.7739149903472275e-41	-1.13116293900756739e-19
37	5.78413135083638718e-42	1.20954867838688467e-43	1.89020222050207292e-21
				38	-1.09208941562968013e-43	9.60885532478781834e-44	5.00935015970486579e-21
39	-3.69155144939008431e-45	1.06168257852663409e-45	-1.39039045541B11553e-22
				40	5.2147664314650947E-47	1.42766719428987924E-46	-3.686394456866B4908E-23

Table 1

As mentioned above, incidence surface on end face 23 core from N to the axis and from A to C usually along with selection, this degree of freedom because of SMS law regulation of the present invention two surfaces.As mentioned above, can fix its other surfaces or part, for example top surface 23 can be fixed as smoothly,, realize the light foldover design of lens precision by being formed into the lens basal surface 24 of reflective surface 25 and reflection coating.This flat-top is fit to some application scenario, and for example array is pancake.Figure 14 illustrates the simplification sectional view of lens 820 in one embodiment of the invention, and lens 820 have disposed the surface 823 of flat-top basically.These lens comprise that also wherein incidence point is positioned near the focus 826 by the end reflector surface 824 and the incidence surface 825 of the design of this SMS method, and central axis 827 is perpendicular to flat-top 823.

Figure 15 illustrates the simplification sectional view of the RXIR device 118 of another embodiment of the present invention.Device 118 comprises the another kind design to incidence surface 125 shapes.LED packaging part 130 is contained on the circuit board 101.This RXIR device 118 comprises collimating mirror 120, be positioned near and also surround packaging part 130 to small part.The upper surface of lens 120 comprises the center 122 of reflection coating and extends to the outside total internal reflection district 123 of mounting flange 121.Lens 120 also comprise the following reflecting surface 124 around chamber 119, and chamber 119 forms by center incidence surface 125.Incidence surface arches upward up to the pointed point 127 at center from lower surface 124.The output light 140 that sends from the LED that is positioned at gonglion 126 distributes from the lens outgoing with (special light gathering power is limited) of well collimated, is similar to all embodiment of above-mentioned the present invention.The central ray 141 that sends is more radially reflected by incidence surface 125, thereby is included in the collimated beam.

The simplification that Figure 16 illustrates the RXIR device 218 of another embodiment of the present invention is cut into figure, has the interrupted little summary in similar center shown in Figure 16, but is applicable to the center of upper surface 222,223.Lens 220 are to small part around LED and packaging part 230, and the latter is contained on the circuit board 201.The upper surface of lens comprises the center 222 of reflection coating, and it arrives this pointed point 227, is surrounded and extend to mounting flange 221 by total internal reflection peripheral surface 223.Lower surface includes incidence surface 225 and centers on the center cavity 219 of reflection coating surface 224.Light 240 is outwards propagated from focus 226, enters lens by incidence surface 225, is reflexed to reverberator 224 by upper surface and reflects, then penetrates lens through upper surface 223.

Figure 17 illustrates the simplification sectional view of the RXIR device 320 of one embodiment of the invention, and it is smaller and more exquisite than some embodiment.Lens 320 comprise the center refractor 322 that is positioned at the upper surface center.Lens 320 are positioned at above the LED packaging part 330 that is contained on the circuit board 301, and its upper surface comprises the refraction center 322 that is surrounded and extend to mounting flange 321 by total internal reflection peripheral surface 323.Lower surface includes incidence surface 325 and the center cavity 319 that holds reflection coating surface 324, and in some embodiments, this lower surface is approximately taper.Collimated ray 340 was outwards propagated from the LED that is positioned at focus 326 originally, entered lens through incidence surface 325.The outermost portion of original light or a part down to reverberator 324, are reflected lens through upper surface 323 by surperficial 323 total internal reflections again.Center lens 322 forms inner light beam 341 with the central upper 329 of incidence surface 325, and other embodiment is different for this and some, and a central space district is wherein arranged in its near field annular beam.The beamwidth of central light beam 341 is bigger than main beam light 340, because the limited diameter of the light gathering power of center lens 322 is littler.

But the present invention is other light source of adapted also, as incandescent source.In some embodiment of the present invention, the lens glass molding, distinguished center cavity is-through hole.In some embodiments, center cavity is made cylindrical hole, can seal the tubulose incandescent source.

Figure 18 illustrates the simplification sectional view of the folding collimator apparatus 600 of light in one embodiment of the invention, and this device can be used as head lamp or other light source.This device comprises the lens 620 that useable glass is made.Device 600 includes the light source 610 (as incandescent lamp) of end joint 611, and glass lens 620 has a center pit or a passage 621 that forms with cylindricality incidence surface 625 usually.Lens position becomes to allow light source 610 be positioned in the center pit 621, make incidence surface around surround light source 610.Lens 620 have the rear surface 624 and front surface 623 of mirror coating.Usually the axis by straight line 629 indications is divided into the interior accurate parabolic sections 628 at center and the outside surface 630 of SMS design to rear reflective surface 624, thereby installs 600 and use a kind of dimorphism lens, and its distribution is denser than conventional full parabola, and collimation is more excellent.The performance of accurate parabolic sections 628 with original back in light collimating apparatus the same good, see Figure 18.

Figure 19 illustrates the simplification of optical devices 600 shown in Figure 180 and overlooks front view (FV).Center pit 621 surrounds the light source 610 that is sealed in center-side joint 611, and the optical significance of this feature is and enough light scattering can be become can see outside main beam.

Figure 20 is the center feature of device 600 in Figure 18 and 19 or the front elevation of amplification, and incandescent lamp 610 is sealed in central tubular hole 621, has also shown end joint 611.In some embodiments, the intended diameter of lamp 610 is decided by the ultimate temperature of its glass bulb.Center pit 621 is configured to that lamp 610 diameters are had a minimum clearance, in case excessive heat passes gap 614 conduction.In addition, gap 614 can also be configured to set up the convection current of nature, and for example the gap can be greater than 2mm, preferably greater than 5mm.The high air 646 of item that convection current comprises from the hole 621 fronts or enters later, left and right sides air-flow 647 and 648 synthetic last air-flows 649 are so flow out the plane of Figure 20,621 fronts or the back discharge in the hole along surperficial 625 μ.

In some embodiments, go up asymmetric lighting requirement for satisfying rotation, such as the legal lighting requirement of auto bulb, the way of output is not according to rotational symmetry.In one embodiment, lens thereby also labour contractor's powder be divided into a plurality of parts or many, four branch tetrads for example, each part has a slightly different rotation symmetric lens, difference can realize on back of the body surface.Figure 21 illustrates the simplification of the lens 600 of a plurality of asymmetric parts and overlooks front view (FV).These lens comprise tetrad 600U, tetrad 600D, left tetrad 600L (are shown in the right down, but in a little enforcement methods, be shown in the left side, the head lamp of automobile for example) and tetrad 600R, each tetrad has slightly different front surface shapes, but a public center air gap 641 is arranged.These shapes dispose by SMS method of the present invention being defined in mirror surface, same back.

In one embodiment, make the most handy tetrad assembling of never downcutting with the machine work front surface of mould of this lens, in the end the light system stage loads in mixture together then, eliminates any spine or the cliff that can hinder glass molding.Replace the interface with radial ridges or projection 627a～627d.The lens 600 that obtain have the asymmetric vehement light pattern of rotation.In one embodiment, the mould difference of left and right sides head lamp, the two-way asymmetric distribution that can be made into expectation is the lens of mirror image each other.

Use the present invention, available LED-based spotlight replaces using the spotlight of small filament lamp.For at the type incandescent lamp, the glass pattern that configurable the present invention disclosed in some embodiments.The present invention proposes the dense lens and the method for definite lens configuration, these methods are next with the strict narrow angle output that limits of effectively surperficial formation on three optics at least, no matter are intensity distributions that collimate or regulation.Lens are stipulated with its surperficial radial section, but the variation of the orientation of this distribution can be satisfied asymmetric requirement.Than the collapsible optical element of burying of previous equipment, this device has improved optical signal transmission and/or collimation.

Though the present invention that this paper discloses is described by all specific embodiments and application thereof, those skilled in the art can make various modifications to this and not build the scope of the present invention that claim proposed of carrying on the back with variation.

Claims (40)

1. optical device manufacture method is characterized in that comprising step:

At least three effective optical surfaces of optical device are formed the two-dimensional representation method, comprise step:

According to marginal ray group, calculate one section first surface as the first general flute card ellipse;

According to marginal ray group, calculate one section incidence surface as the second general flute card ellipse;

According to marginal ray group, calculate one section second surface as the 3rd general flute card ellipse; And

Along step towards the continuous double counting first surface of the direction of light source section and calculating second surface section; With

Around central axis rotation sweep two-dimensional representation method, form the three-dimensional representation of optical device.

2. the method for claim 1, the step of wherein calculating the first surface section comprises the periphery section of calculating first surface earlier; And the step of calculating the second surface section comprises the periphery section of calculating second surface earlier.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is wherein calculated the step of incidence surface section, comprises the step of calculating the incidence surface section earlier, comprises the first surface that calculates incidence surface earlier, and wherein first end of the first surface of incidence surface is the flex point along incidence surface.

4. method as claimed in claim 2, the step of wherein calculating the incidence surface section comprises the first surface that calculates incidence surface earlier, and second end of incidence surface first surface is the truncation points of nearly edge extraneous light along incidence surface.

5. method as claimed in claim 2, the step of wherein calculating the incidence surface section comprises the position of determining incidence surface section first end, comprises step:

Determine that marginal ray blocks the flux weight of first section of incidence surface;

Determine the flux weight of marginal ray group all surface; With

The a part of flux weight that the last sum of the flux weight of the marginal ray that blocks first section of incidence surface is decided to be all marginal rays of marginal ray group.

6. method as claimed in claim 2, the continuous step of double counting first surface section wherein comprises second section of first surface is calculated as based on the four-way of distal edge light group with flute card ellipse.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, the step of wherein calculating second section of first surface comprise calculates described second section, the periphery section that makes distal edge light group block second surface after second section reflection of first surface.

8. method as claimed in claim 6, the continuous step of the step of double counting second surface section wherein comprises second section of second surface is calculated as based on the five-way of proximal edge light group with flute card ellipse.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, the step of wherein calculating second section of second surface comprises calculates described second section, makes proximal edge light group block second section of second surface after second section reflection of first surface.

10. the method for claim 1, the step that wherein forms the two-dimensional representation method comprise calculates first, second and the 3rd surface, and three-dimensional representation is configured to optical alignment to the light gathering power limit that relative size limited by aperture and efficient light sources diameter.

11. the method for claim 1, the step that wherein forms the two-dimensional representation method comprises calculates first, second and the 3rd surface, make three-dimensional representation be configured to provide to have the outgoing beam at variable transmission angle and variable center light inclination angle, thereby when passing outlet diameter and compile, meet predetermined lighting requirement.

12. a light beam generation method is characterized in that comprising step:

The refraction initial light;

The described light of internal reflection;

Reflect described light again; With

Reflect described light, be formed up to the output light of small part collimation.

13. method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the step of the described light of internal reflection comprises the described light of indoor reflection.

14. method as claimed in claim 12 is wherein exported light and is collimated into the light gathering power limit that is limited by aperture and efficient light sources diameter ground relative size.

15. collapsible optical devices is characterized in that comprising:

The transparent body comprises first surface, second surface and is formed on the interior chamber of second surface at least;

The chamber that the 3rd surface is arranged;

Second surface comprises and radially leaves the echo area that extend in the chamber; With

First surface comprises being configured to provide folding annulus of internal reflection and the refraction Di Du district between the transparent body and the transparent body outside.

16. device as claimed in claim 15, its lumen is configured to be positioned near the optical device, makes the 3rd surface press close to optical device, first surface emitting output light bundle.

17. device as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, also comprises the gap that is limited between optical device and the 3rd surface.

18. device as claimed in claim 16, wherein optical device is a light source, and the 3rd surface is to allow the incidence surface that enters the transparent body from the light of light source by the 3rd surface.

19. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first, second all is the optics effective surface with the 3rd surface.

20. device as claimed in claim 19, wherein first surface reflects in the light beam of propagating in the transparent body, and reflects described light beam during by first surface at light beam;

Second surface is reflected in the light beam of propagating in the transparent body; And

The 3rd surface reflects ground distribution light beam again when light beam is surperficial by the 3rd.

21. device as claimed in claim 15, its lumen extend to the first surface that forms through hole by the transparent body.

22. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein light beam is from the first surface outgoing, emerging beam be collimated into by aperture and efficient light sources diameter relative size limited that the light gathering power limit is arranged.

23. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that also comprising the device for testing light that is positioned at close the 3rd surface, chamber in the chamber to small part, the light that transparent body first surface is received clashes into device for testing light by the 3rd surface, chamber.

24. device as claimed in claim 15, its lumen is configured to be positioned near the incandescent light source, makes the 3rd surface near light source, allows the light from light source enter the transparent body by the 3rd surface.

25. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first surface also comprises absorbefacient center.

26. device as claimed in claim 25, wherein first surface also comprises reflexive center.

27. device as claimed in claim 25, wherein first surface also comprises refrangible center.

28. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first surface is the plane.

29. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first surface has the pointed recess in center of a reflection.

30. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transparent body comprises the center, and described center contains a bundle that launches and forms reverberator.

31. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transparent body constitutes by a plurality of asymmetric, and a plurality of asymmetric portions provide two-way asymmetric distribution.

32. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first, second constitutes a collapsible marginal ray equipment with the 3rd surface.

33. device as claimed in claim 32 wherein forms first, second and the 3rd surface that constitute a RXIR equipment.

34. device as claimed in claim 15, its lumen comprise a kind of bell shape that suppresses the light-source angle scope.

35. device as claimed in claim 15, its lumen comprise the arc of a sharpening, configuration makes light depart from the center of first surface.

36. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein first, second is configured to make output beam to have the variable collimation of the outgoing diameter of leap with extended surface, to meet specific lighting requirement.

37. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transparent body constitutes with glass, silicone or injection-molding plastics.

38. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the 3rd surface comprises a counnter attack film.

39. device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transparent body comprises the outer part of being with adaptation arrangement.

Be transformed into second distribution of output radiation 40. an optical device autofrettage, described optical device distribute first of input radiation, it is characterized in that comprising:

Set up one and input radiation first distributed to depict input marginal ray bundle as and output radiation second distributed depict the two dimensional model of output marginal ray bundle as, and in phase place-spatial representation, represent each input and output marginal ray bundle in the position in space with each light;

According to the boundary condition of phase place-spatial representation, form the two-dimensional representation method of three effective optical surfaces, comprise all section of continuous calculating at least the first and second surfaces; With

Expand the described two-dimensional representation method of described optical surface symmetrically, produce three-dimensional optical equipment.

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