CN1723773A - The breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines - Google Patents
The breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the breeding method of premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, be characterized in: the first step: with Anhui Hwai as maternal, hybridize first as male parent with Danxichangbai boar, form first-filial generation sow group; Second step: with first-filial generation sow group is female parent, is that big York boar is that male parent is carried out secondary hybridization to add, and the offspring that gives birth to of institute is the pig of zero generation of new lines; The 3rd step: carry out 3-4 traversed by from generation to generation with the method for colony's subculture seed selection and molecular marker assisted selection and fix, obtain Huaihe River pig new lines.It is excellent that new lines pig has meat, lean meat percentage height, price of deed height, and litter size is many, and disease resistance is strong, anti-stress, the advantage that accommodative ability of environment is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of new lines pig.
Background technology
Developed country by systematic breeding under standardization raising condition and combining ability test test, has brought up to genetic potential largely with the productivity of commodity lean meat pig through semicentennial effort.Current developed country pork meat is low to be a difficult problem really.Scientific research is also towards improving meat quality, and the high quality pork and the organic pork direction that adapt to consumer's taste develop.The France Jean NAVEAV of the academy of sciences utilizes China Taihu Lake pig (pig deceive in plum mountain pig and Jiaxing) as maternal, and it is new maternal to cultivate " grandmother " through the research in 8 years, and with P76 paternal line corss combination; Also have PIC company, also utilize Taihu Lake pig fertility height, performance that meat is good to cultivate the maternal side " Kang Beier " that makes new advances, and with 402 paternal hybridization, forming fixing 5 is the assorted excellent pig of forming a complete production network, thus it is low to have solved fertility to some extent, the contradiction of meat difference.
Since the establishment of the nation, China attaches great importance to the breeding work of pig, to the seed selection of local pig breed improve and with the crossbreeding and improvement and the heterosis utilization of external pig kind, improve the pig industry level of production of China, played remarkable achievement.Anhui Province is studied local pig breed purification and rejuvenation and hybridization utilization with regard to project verification from " six or five ", 6 regional strains of seed selection have been flown, particularly Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) and Wan Nan flower pig has been set up guarantor population of former boar and the breeding of method that two-way cross utilizes, i.e. " three changes are raised pigs " (sow localization, externalization of boar, big porker first-filial generationization).Along with development of market economy, " three changes are raised pigs " inapplicable people's demand, carried out the brainstorm project research of " Yangze river and Huai river basin pig hybridization system and the technical research of intensification breeding scale " again in the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan, by Huaihe River pig binary, tri-crossbreeding screening, mensuration coordinate force, work out best binary, three way cross combination, just in the supporting system of seed selection commodity production.
Along with molecular biology and the genetic development of molecular amounts, the breeding of pig is progressively moved towards the road that conventional breeding combines with molecular breeding from conventional breeding.Studies show that, the growth of pig, breeding (litter size), and trunk quantitative characters such as (meats) both be subjected to numerous polygenic acting in conjunction, the leading role of the bigger major gene resistance of effect is arranged again.The distribution of minor-polygene in genome neither be at random, normally has in the gene set of identical or correlation function to be distributed in close each other chromosomal region, forms closely linked gene cluster, shows bigger effect.At present, oriented gene and reference numerals have reached 600 in the pig genetic map, wherein the known function gene has 102, proterties has contained growth traits, reproductive trait, meat proterties and disease-resistant proterties, particularly halothane, ESR gene, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor beta subunit gene (FSH β) have adopted marker assisted selection (MAS) to be applied in the production practices.Since the eighties, because molecular biology and development of technologies, RFLP mark, moonlet, microsatellite DNA mark, random amplification dna polymorphism mark etc. have been set up, and be applied to the combination of the allelomorph of the different strains of pig or kind, the marker assisted selection in the core group, be about to modern molecular biology technique and combine, select a certain locus gene to change the gene frequency in this site by molecular labeling with the conventional breeding method.
The heritability of the characters of number born of pig very low (0.1) is selected according to the conventional breeding method, and it selects progress very little.But this proterties is subjected to the control of several major gene resistances, has additivity one dominance gene action pattern, is easy to carry out marker assisted selection (MAS).Method commonly used at present is candidate gene survey method and linkage inheritance analysis.Utilize the candidate gene survey method successfully to determine some quantitative trait locis relevant (QTL) with reproductive performance, as with relevant main candidate gene follicle-stimulating hormone acceptor gene (FSH, FSHR, LHR), the female hormone receptor gene (ESR of the height of pig farrowing proterties, on No. 1 chromosome), LEP, LEPR, Lan Niding acceptor gene (RYR), on 4,6,7,8,13, No. 15 chromosomes, also found the QLT relevant with litter size, or the like.Abroad to the result of study application of some marker gene wherein patent, as female hormone receptor gene (ESR) etc.The gene way of candidate gene method is, physiological regulating control approach by known relevant certain proterties, select some important hormone, protein or the factor in this approach, study the influence to objective trait such as its gene structure, expression, in the hope of filtering out the major gene resistance or the genetic marker of control objective trait.Because the development of molecular biology experiment technology, hanker after utilizing little satellite analytical technology more abroad, on the basis of genome scanning, pass through linkage analysis, obtained a large amount of quantitative trait loci (QLT) mark, the result of study of some microsatellite marker has wherein also been applied for patent.These molecular genetic markers partly are applied in the breeding practices such as marker assisted selection and the auxiliary infiltration of mark.
Chinese scholar has been carried out deep research and discussion to the molecular genetic marker of reproductive trait, and has a few experiments chamber to apply for relevant patent, as estrogen receptor beta subunit gene (FSH β) as molecular genetic marker of litter size etc.Need set up bigger resource population owing to obtain the reproductive trait interrelated data, and difficulty is big, required time is long, and the result of study of this class quantitative trait loci (QTL) that therefore present use genome scanning detects is very limited.For reproductive trait, the candidate gene method has remarkable advantages, and may remain the main method of seeking molecular genetic marker in significant period of time after sale.At present, China's molecular genetic marker is applied to marker assisted selection and mark is assisted infiltration for various reasons, still is in conceptual phase, remains to be paid the molecular genetic marker of more making great efforts to research and develop reproductive trait.
External research to the meat traits genetic markers, carrying out extensive work aspect the pork meat in recent years, be positioned at the halothane on the chromosome No. 6 as reports such as Geldermann, reports such as Milan be positioned at the gene relevant on No. 15 RN genes on the chromosome and No. 7 chromosome with the androsterone level, reports such as Bidanel be positioned at No. 3 muscle fibre bases on the chromosome because of, reports such as Moster be positioned at 2, on No. 12 chromosome and PH, be waterpower, yellowish pink relevant gene, myogenin gene on No. 9 chromosomes of report such as Ernst, ob gene on No. 18 chromosomes of report such as Dai, fat acceptor gene on No. 6 chromosomes of report such as Vincent, pancreozymin acceptor gene on pancreozymin gene on No. 13 chromosomes of Clutter etc. report and No. 8 chromosome, the malate dehydrogenase of the Gerbens research group research of Holland, FABP (free-fat acid binding protein), peroxide proliferator activated receptor (PeroxisomeProliferator-Activated Receptor, PPAR) or the like.Domestic then at the early-stage in this field.Take a broad view of the progress in domestic and international this field in recent years, genetic marker or the gene location of seeking the meat proterties also are to take linkage inheritance analytical method (genome scanning method) and candidate gene method.The prerequisite of linkage inheritance analytical method is to set up a reference family that sample content is big as far as possible, proterties is separated with gene, needs a large amount of fund inputs that continues, and it almost is impossible depending merely on that certain seminar or unit move.In fact, abroad also be to finish this work by many seminars even intergovernmental cooperation.Obviously, this method and be not suitable for the existing national conditions of China.The same with reproductive trait, the candidate gene method is compared with the linkage inheritance analytical method at the molecular genetic marker of seeking the meat proterties, the candidate gene method have save time, laborsaving, the advantage of saving money.But the candidate gene method also has its intrinsic deficiency.Usually, all be by the coefficient result of a lot of genes through proterties, hardly certain gene is most important and other gene is unessential.Therefore, screen the gene of certain proterties of control, must select the scope of its candidate gene as far as possible exactly, and can not only be confined on certain several candidate gene with the candidate gene method.In fact, just there is research range problem less, that concentrate in the existing both at home and abroad research to meat proterties candidate gene.
As previously mentioned, along with the change of domestic pork consumption market guiding, and the impact of international market, accession to WTO back, improve meat quality and become a urgent task pendulum in face of the breeding scholar.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to: provide a kind of and kept that Huaihe River pig fertility is strong, meat is good, adaptable advantage, the breeding method of the premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines of characteristics such as the growth that has absorbed outer blood pig variety is fast, lean meat percentage height.
The technical scheme that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is as follows:
1, the breeding method of premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines is characterized in that:
The first step: with the excellent individual of landrace Huaihe River, Anhui Province pig more than 20 as maternal, first hybridize (male and female ratio be 1: 5) as male parent with the excellent individual of external lean meat species kind Danxichangbai boar more than 4, the offspring that gives birth to eliminate all boars, keep sow, form first-filial generation sow group;
Second step: with first-filial generation sow core group is female parent, to add is that big York boar is that male parent is carried out secondary hybridization, add is that big York boar is no less than 4 different familys (promptly 4 boars do not have blood relationship), the offspring that gives birth to be the new lines of new lines zero pig from generation to generation, it contains 25% Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) blood lineage, 25% Landrace blood lineage and 50% big York blood lineage;
The 3rd step: colony's locking breeding and many seed selection stages from generation to generation; Carrying out 3-4 traversed by from generation to generation with the method for colony's subculture seed selection and molecular marker assisted selection fixes, 1 year generation, that is to say that this stage does not allow to occur the introducing of any outer blood midway, breeding is that this boar of selecting and remain from generation to generation carries out mating with the sow of selecting and remain.Each 100 of sow of selecting and remain from generation to generation, 20 of boars, the method for selecting and remain and second step zero method of selecting and remain from generation to generation is identical, tentatively sets up the core group of new lines pig more than 500 through 3-4 generation;
The performance indications of described new lines pig are:
Reproductive performance: the total litter size of new lines pig is up to 18, and core group multiparity number born of sow reaches 15.
Growth rate: it is 151 ages in days that the market pig body weight reaches time of 90 kilograms, and the price of deed is 3: 1.
Trunk and meat quality: lean meat percentage is more than 63%, intramuscular fat 〉=2.5%, the nothing yellowish pink is pale, quality is soft, tangent plane oozes out (PSE, Pale Soft Exudative) and dark, strong, dry meat (DFD, DarkFirm Dry), be waterpower (drip loss)≤3%, marble grain scoring 2.8-3.0, yellowish pink scoring 3.0-4.0 takes broken rate 〉=76%, butchers the acid-base value (PH that measures in back 45 minutes
45) between 6.2-6.6, butcher the acid-base value (PH that measured in back 24 hours
24) between 5.5-5.8, tender degree≤3.8%.
2, according to the breeding method of above-mentioned 1 described premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, it is characterized in that:
Described first-filial generation sow group's selection is: for the first time select and remain and will carry out when 28 ages in days weans, select by Mao Quanbai, body weight is greater than 4 kilograms, more than 7 pairs of numbers of nipples reach, and rounded, the sow that physique is good; The wean back is to the body weight of every pig of 100 kg body weight stages record, and the forage volume of searching for food is used to calculate its growth rate; Select and remain for the second time and carry out when 4 monthly ages, mainly superseded growth rate is slow, and physique is poor, and the sow of blackspot is arranged by hair; Select and remain for the third time when 6 monthly ages, back according to wean to the body weight of 100 kilograms of growths and the forage volume of consumption, calculate the daily gain in this stage, feedstuff-meat ratio, select that daily gain 500g is above, feedstuff-meat ratio live body thickness of backfat below 17 millimeters during less than 3: 1,100 kilograms, eye muscle area is reserved seed for planting greater than 30 square centimeters sow, and the first-filial generation of selecting and remain out pig is participated in cross mating for the second time more than 50;
Described first-filial generation sow contains 50% Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) blood lineage and 50% Denmark strain Landrace blood lineage, 10.75 of the average nest litter sizes of its primiparity, the multiparity number born of sow is 12.05, birth weight is 0.95 kilogram, weaning weight was 5.33 kilograms in 28 days, daily gain is 495 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.3: 1, and carcass lean meat percentage reaches 53.64%.
3, according to the breeding method of last 1 described premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, it is characterized in that:
Described new lines zero from generation to generation the selection of pig be: select and remain for the first time should be according to the molecular genetic marker result, and sow is selected and remain, and should to select FSH β genotype be AA and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn; It is AA and AB that the selecting and remain of boar should be selected FSH β genotype, and the Hal genotype is the boar of NN.
The wean of 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the selection weanling weight is good greater than 4 kilograms, the bodily form, physique, physically well develop and entered the group that reserves seed for planting by the pig of Mao Quanbai;
Select and remain for the third time during 4 monthly ages, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair a pinto pig eliminated;
Carry out last tight choosing during 6 monthly ages, according to the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with B ultrasonic, two parameters, estimate the breeding value (promptly reaching the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days) of growth performance with BLUP Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) animal model, calculate multiple selection index, height according to multiple selection index is selected, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother's litter size and compatriot's growth performance; Every nest stayed 3 sows of 1 boar before replacement gilt was measured, measure the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed the core group participation breeding of this generation, carry out mating with zero boar from generation to generation and zero sow from generation to generation during breeding, should note the pedigree of each pig during breeding, should avoid full sibs and half-sib mating;
The zero pig from generation to generation of described new lines contains 25% Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) blood lineage, and 25% pellet is to be big yorker blood lineage adding of Landrace blood lineage and 50%; The average nest litter size of its primiparity is 10.64, and the total litter size of multiparity sow is 11.54, and birth weight is 1.08 kilograms, and weaning weight was 6.26 kilograms in 28 days, and daily gain is 607 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.05: 1, and carcass lean meat percentage reaches 59.49%.
4, according to the breeding method of above-mentioned 1 described premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, it is characterized in that: described generation interval, the auxiliary seed choosing method of molecular labeling, each selecting and remain and superseded foundation for pig;
The described generation interval is Huaihe River pig, the first-filial generation pig in second step, zero in the 3rd step pig and 1,2,3, the 4 pig time interval of successively breeding from generation to generation from generation to generation in above-mentioned 1 the first step, concentrate breeding March in spring when taking male and female pig 6-8 monthly age, 100 kilograms of left and right sides of body weight, should avoid full sibs and half-sib mating during breeding.The same year 6, childbirth in July, zero pig is from generation to generation selected and remain through four times, concentrates breeding March in next year again, so 3-4 generation circulation; The piglet of primiparity is reserved seed for planting, 1 year generation;
The auxiliary seed choosing method of described molecular labeling only is used for the 3rd step of the breeding method of premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, when being born, piglet adopts the ear tissue sample, return the laboratory and carry out molecular labeling, carry out selecting the first time to reserve seed for planting and eliminate according to two gene genotype that molecular labeling goes out, standard is that superseded FSH β genotype is that BB and halothane (Hal) genotype are the sow of nn, the FSH β genotype of selecting and remain is M and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn type; The selection principle of boar is that superseded Hal genotype is the boar of Nn and nn, selects and remain and carries the zero boar from generation to generation that the Hal genotype is NN;
The wean of piglet 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the weaning weight of piglet is less than 4 kilograms eliminate, and the bodily form, the physique of piglet is poor, depauperation and eliminated by hair black or the pig that has a piebald, and this obsolescence principle is applicable to that in the described claim 1 each going on foot;
When 4 monthly ages, select and remain for the third time, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair a pinto pig eliminated, this obsolescence principle be applicable in the described claim 1 each the step;
6 monthly ages were sternly selected, be applicable to for zero from generation to generation later colony's locking breeding and each generation, with the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with the B ultrasonic live body, two parameters, estimate the breeding value of growth performance with BLUP Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) animal model, promptly reach the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days, calculate multiple selection index, height according to multiple selection index is selected, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother's litter size (litter size is lower than 6 eliminating) and compatriot's growth performance (wean is to 100 kilograms of daily gains and feedstuff-meat ratio); Every nest stayed 1 public 3 mothers before replacement gilt was measured, measure the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, i.e. 3 ratios that go out earlier among the sow group, each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed the core group participation breeding of this generation.
The Huaihe River pig belongs to the North China type, and by hair black, the mouth circle is long straight, and ear is sagging greatly, back of the body depression, and belly is sagging.Siyang, Huaiyin, Huaian, Mu Yang, Lian Shui county to the north of the main distribution Huaihe River, to the north of the Changjiang river whole Yangze river and Huai river knob on the south the Huaihe River.Monoids such as Huaibei pig, Dingyuan pig, the black pig of Huo Shou are arranged owing to the place of production is different, they all belong to the Yellow River and Huai He River sea pig (big ear pig of Huaihe River pig, Laiwu pig, Shenzhou City pig, length pig and the river bend, " China raise pigs great achievement "), Anhui Province claims the Dingyuan pig, for its beneficial gene is preserved, the Dingyuan pig that the pig farm remains 12 different familys is planted by academy of agricultural sciences, Anhui Province animal and veterinary research institute, for from now on breeding provides the most valuable genetic resources.
To the mensuration research of Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig), the result shows through for many years for we:
1. grow and productivity: the boar that grows up is high 72.5 centimetres, 134.3 centimetres of heights, 113.5 centimetres of chest measurements, 123.3 kilograms of body weight; Sow is high 64.8 centimetres, 123.0 centimetres of heights, 110.9 centimetres of chest measurements, 102.0 kilograms of body weight.
2. reproductive performance: effectively number of nipples is more than 14.66, and 11.7 of the average nest litter sizes of first farrowing sow are produced and lived young several 11.5; The average total litter size of multiparity sow is 13.22, and average product young number alive is 12.67.
3. finishing ability: piglet birth weight 0.86-0.89 kilogram, 5.38 kilograms of average weaning weights, wean to 90 kilogram daily gain 414.3 grams, market pig is raised and can reach 85 kilograms of market weights in 263 days, growing and fattening pigs dressing percentage 73.98%, lean meat percentage 45.79%, feedstuff-meat ratio 4.3: 1, early stage and late growing stage speed are slow, and mid-term is very fast.
External pig kind:
Denmark's strain Landrace
1) bodily form appearance: meet varietal characteristic, neck is lighter, and back of the body waist surface is solid, the plentiful prosperity of leg stern muscle, and limb hoof stalwartness, effectively nipple is arranged evenly more than 6 pairs, and fur is white entirely, and is smooth shinny.
2) fattening proterties: under certain feed nutrition standard, 90 kg body weight age in days boars are not more than 158 days during free choice feeding, sow 164 days.
3) carcass trait: carcass lean meat percentage is greater than 65% during 90 kg body weight, and the average back fat of live body is below 1.4 centimetres.
4) reproductive trait: first farrowing sow on average produces lives young about 9, and the average every nest of multiparity sow produces lives young about 11, and 30 age in days litter weights are more than 72 kilograms.
The big yorker of Canada
1) bodily form appearance: meet varietal characteristic, the bodily form is high long, and physique is solid, and the leg arm is muscular, limb hoof stalwartness, and effectively nipple is arranged evenly more than 6 pairs, and fur is white entirely, and is smooth shinny, but allows a bit black eyebrow piece of band.
2) fattening proterties: 90 kg body weight age in days boars 156 days, sow is below 160 days.
3) carcass trait: carcass lean meat percentage is more than 65% during 90 kg body weight, and the average back fat of live body is below 1.4 centimetres.
4) reproductive trait: primiparity is on average lived young 8, and the average every nest of multiparity produces lives young about 11.5, and 30 age in days litter weights are more than 72 kilograms.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is embodied in following several aspect:
1, traditional new lines is cultivated technology, only select according to table shape proterties, exist the cycle long (10 generations of seed selection at least), the shortcoming of DeGrain, cultivation technology of the present invention has overcome this shortcoming, can when just being born, piglet just can gather the ear tissue sample, detect follicle-stimulating hormone receptor beta subunit gene (FSH β) and halothane (Hal) genotype of analyzing each piglet, according to the genotype of the favourable FSH β of reproductive performance with to the favourable Hal genotype of meat proterties each pig from generation to generation of selecting and remain, in addition, use fatness measuring instrument (A is super) and supersonic diagnostic set (B ultrasonic) and carry out the living body measurement thickness of backfat and eye muscle area, the utilization computer software makes up multiple selection index according to the Blup animal model, analyze actual genetic progress,, avoided the blindness of conventional method seed selection for seed selection provides stronger foundation.
2, it is excellent that the new lines pig that adopts the inventive method to cultivate has meat, lean meat percentage height, price of deed height, and litter size is many, and disease resistance is strong, anti-stress, the advantage that accommodative ability of environment is strong.
3, new lines of the present invention can be directly used in the production of premium muscle type market pig, also can form the maternal side of corss combination system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Huaihe River of the present invention pig new lines breeding method route map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described by embodiment.
Embodiment:
By (pellet is a Landrace with adventive to Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig), add is that big yorker and platform are duroc) combining ability test of two-way cross and three way cross combination, be respectively to grow * decide, greatly * fixed, Du * fixed and Du * length * calmly, greatly * long * fixed, Du * big * fixed, long * big * fixed, greatly * and Du * fixed, length * Du * decide (to be meant the Dingyuan pig surely, length is meant that pellet is a Landrace, be meant that greatly adding is big yorker, Du is meant that platform is a duroc), hair color from pig, litter size, proterties such as growth performance and meat, through determination and analysis, grow * be decided to be the best of breed of producing the two-way cross pig, big * as grow * to be decided to be the best of breed of producing tri-crossbreeding.With this tri-crossbreeding is underlying group, form new lines zero from generation to generation, through 3-4 seed selection from generation to generation, can form premium muscle pig-Huaihe River pig new lines, the detailed process of its combination as shown in Figure 1, specifically breeding method and process are as follows:
It is the Landrace gene that the first step is introduced the adventive pellet
With Anhui Province's landrace-Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) as maternal (quantity is more than 20) and the external lean meat species kind Danxichangbai boar (danish landrace boar of Denmark's strain, more than 4, can determine according to actual conditions) hybridize first as male parent, sneak into 50% external pig kind blood lineage, Huaihe River pig blood lineage accounts for 50%, the offspring sow that gives birth to form the sow group (long Huaihe River pig) of first-filial generation.10.75 of the average nest litter sizes of primiparity of long Huaihe River pig, the multiparity number born of sow is 12.05, birth weight is 0.95 kilogram, weaning weight was 5.33 kilograms in 28 days, and daily gain is 495 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.3: 1, carcass lean meat percentage reaches 53.64%, has improved 7.85 percentage points than purebred Huaihe River pig.
Concrete seed selection operation is as follows:
Will carry out when 28 ages in days wean selecting and remain first-filial generation sow group's the first time, mainly select by Mao Quanbai, body weight is greater than 4 kilograms, 7 pairs of numbers of nipples and more than, rounded, the sow that physique is good; The wean back is to the body weight of every pig of 100 kg body weight stages record, and the forage volume of searching for food is so that calculate its growth rate.Select and remain for the second time and carry out when 4 monthly ages, mainly superseded those growth rate are slow, and physique is poor, and the sow of blackspot is arranged by hair; Select and remain for the third time when 6 monthly ages, according to measurement result, select little, the live body back fat thickness 100 kilograms time of daily gain height, feedstuff-meat ratio, the sow that eye muscle area is big is reserved seed for planting, and the first-filial generation of selecting and remain out pig is participated in the cross mating second time more than 50.
It is the gene of big yorker that second step introducing adventive adds
To grow Huaihe River sow group is female parent (more than 50), to add is that (Canada is big York boar to big York boar, quantity is more than 4) carry out secondary hybridization for male parent, the offspring that gives birth to be zero (greatly enhancing Huaihe River) from generation to generation of new lines, contain 25% Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) blood lineage, 25% pellet is to be big York blood lineage adding of Landrace blood lineage and 50%.The average nest litter size of primiparity that greatly enhances the Huaihe River pig is 10.64, and the total litter size of multiparity sow is 11.54, and birth weight is 1.08 kilograms, and weaning weight was 6.26 kilograms in 28 days, and daily gain is 607 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.05: 1, and carcass lean meat percentage reaches 59.49%.
Concrete seed selection operation is as follows:
Zero selects and remain from generation to generation the first time of pig should be according to the molecular genetic marker result, and sow is selected and remain, and should to select FSH β genotype be AA and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn; It is AA and AB that the selecting and remain of boar should be selected FSH β genotype, and the Hal genotype is the boar of NN.
The wean of 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the selection weanling weight is good greater than 4 kilograms, the bodily form, physique, physically well develop and entered the group that reserves seed for planting by the pig of Mao Quanbai;
Select and remain for the third time during 4 monthly ages, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair a pinto pig eliminated;
Carry out last tight choosing during 6 monthly ages, according to the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with B ultrasonic, two parameters, estimate the breeding value (promptly reaching the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days) of growth performance with BLUP Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) animal model, calculate multiple selection index, height according to multiple selection index is selected, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother and performance (growth performance and litter size) born of the same parents; Every nest stayed 1 public 3 mothers before replacement gilt was measured, measure the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed the core group participation breeding of this generation, carry out mating with zero boar from generation to generation and zero sow from generation to generation during breeding, should note the pedigree of each pig during breeding, should avoid full sibs and half-sib mating.
The 3rd step traversed by is fixed
Related notion and method introduction
Traversed by is fixed: be that the advantageous characteristic of each generation new lines pig is fixed up.
Colony's subculture seed selection: be meant core group is carried out the locking breeding, selected the excellent individual of next generation some from the last generation and reserve seed for planting.
Locking breeding: avoid under the inbred situation in this new lines inside, do not introduce the gene of other external pig and the propagation method of carrying out.
Molecular marker assisted selection: the used molecular marker gene of the present invention mainly contains two, the one, the gene " FSH β (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor beta subunit) gene " of control pig reproductive trait, the 2nd, the gene " Hal (halothane) " that the control pig stress syndrome, gene ESR (female hormone receptor gene) is not remarkable to the litter size control effect of this new lines, so do not carry out assisted Selection with this gene.At first extract DNA (DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)) in the laboratory, use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify FSH β gene and Hal gene again, behind the electrophoresis according to strip analysis FSH β gene genotype, with AA (expression 500bp fragment), AB (expression 500bp and two fragments of 220bp) and BB (expression 220bp fragment) represent different genotype; The amplified production of halothane (Hal) is used RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism again, restrictive fragment length polymerphism) the method enzyme is cut, electrophoretic band according to this amplified production is analyzed the Hal gene genotype, with NN (dominance homozygote), Nn (expression heterozygote), nn (allozygote).
Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, BLUP) animal model: growth performance breeding value estimation model is as follows:
y
ijklm＝μ
i+hyss
ij+l
ik+g
il+a
ijklm+e
ijklm
Wherein:
I: i proterties (1=reaches 100kg body weight age in days, and 2=reaches 100kg body weight live body fat thickness)
y
Ijklm: the observed value of individual growth performance
μ
i: overall mean
Hyss
Ij: during birth season in field year the sex fixed effect
l
Ik: the nest stochastic effects
g
Il: virtual heredity group fixed effect
a
Ijklm: individual hereditary effect at random, obey (0, A σ
a 2) distribute, A refers to affiliation matrix between individuality
e
Ijklm: the random residual effect, obey (0, I σ
e 2) distribute
Sow reproductive performance breeding value estimation model is as follows:
y
ijk＝μ+hys
i+l
j+a
ijk+P
ijk+e
ijk
Wherein:
y
Ijk: the observed value of total litter size
μ: overall mean
Hys
i: during sows farrowing season in field year fixed effect
l
j: the nest effect of sow birth, obey (0, I σ
l 2) distribute
a
Ijk: individual hereditary effect at random, obey (0, A σ
a 2) distribute, A refers to affiliation matrix between individuality
P
Ijk: the permanent environmental effect of sow, obey (0, I σ
p 2) distribute
e
Ijk: the random residual effect, obey (0, I σ
e 2) distribute
Multiple selection index:
I＝w
1a
1+w
2a
2+w
3a
3
a
1: the breeding value that reaches 100 kg body weight ages in days
a
2: reach 100 kg body weight live body thickness of backfat breeding values
a
3: total litter size breeding value
w
i: weighted value (w
1=5.54, w
2=-10.33, w
3=34.88)
(2) generation interval
To greatly enhance the Huaihe River pig was zero generation, concentrated breeding March in spring when taking male and female pig 6-8 monthly age, 100 kilograms of left and right sides of body weight, and the same year 6, childbirth in July are selected and remain concentrated again breeding in March in next year, so 3-4 generation circulation through three times.For shortening the generation interval, primiparity is reserved seed for planting, and 1 year generation, quickens the genetic progress of seed selection swinery.
(3) seed choosing method
Piglet is adopted the ear tissue sample at birth, return the laboratory and carry out molecular labeling, carry out selecting the first time to reserve seed for planting and eliminate according to two gene genotype that molecular labeling goes out, standard is that superseded FSH β genotype is that BB and halothane (Hal) genotype are the sow of nn, the FSH β genotype of selecting and remain is AA and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn type; The selection principle of boar is that superseded Hal genotype is the boar of Nn and nn, selects and remain and carries the zero boar from generation to generation that the Hal genotype is NN.
The wean of piglet 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the weaning weight of piglet is less than 4 kilograms eliminate, and the bodily form, the physique of piglet is poor, depauperation and by hair black or to have the pig of piebald superseded.
When 4 monthly ages, select and remain for the third time, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair have piebald pig to be eliminated.
6 monthly ages were sternly selected, and it is not excessive to be would rather be scarce.With the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with the B ultrasonic live body, two parameters, with Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, BLUP) animal model is estimated the breeding value (promptly reaching the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days) of growth performance, breeding value in conjunction with litter size is calculated multiple selection index, select according to the height of multiple selection index again, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother and performance (growth performance and characters of number born) born of the same parents.Every nest stayed 1 public 3 mothers before replacement gilt was measured, and measured the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, and the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, and the core group that each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed this is generation participated in and bred.
(4) performance indications of this new lines
Locking by 3～4 generations is bred, traversed by is fixed, colony's subculture seed selection, and whole body is cultivated successfully by the hololeucocratic premium muscle pig of hair-Huaihe River pig new lines, and its specific targets are as follows:
1. reproductive performance: the total litter size of new lines pig is up to 18, and core group multiparity number born of sow reaches 15.
2. growth rate: it is 151 ages in days that the market pig body weight reaches time of 90 kilograms, and the price of deed is 3: 1.
3. trunk and meat quality: lean meat percentage is more than 63%, intramuscular fat 〉=2.5%, and no PSE and DFD meat are waterpower (drip loss)≤3%, marble grain scoring 2.8-3.0, yellowish pink scoring 3.0-4.0 takes broken rate 〉=76%, PH
45Between 6.2-6.6, PH
24Between 5.5-5.8, tender degree≤3.8%.
Claims (8)
1, the breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines is characterized in that:
The first step: with the excellent individual of landrace Huaihe River, Anhui Province pig more than 20 as maternal, first hybridize (male and female ratio be 1: 5) as male parent with the excellent individual of external lean meat species kind Danxichangbai boar more than 4, the offspring that gives birth to eliminate all boars, keep sow, form first-filial generation sow group;
Second step: with first-filial generation sow core group is female parent, to add is that big York boar is that male parent is carried out secondary hybridization, add is that big York boar is no less than 4 different familys, the offspring that gives birth to be the new lines of new lines zero pig from generation to generation, it contains 25% Huaihe River pig blood lineage, 25% Landrace blood lineage and 50% big York blood lineage;
The 3rd step: colony's locking breeding and many seed selection stages from generation to generation; Carry out 3-4 traversed by from generation to generation with the method for colony's subculture seed selection and molecular marker assisted selection and fix, 1 year generation, breeding is that this boar of selecting and remain from generation to generation carries out mating with the sow of selecting and remain; Each 100 of sow of selecting and remain from generation to generation, 20 of boars, the method for selecting and remain and second step zero method of selecting and remain from generation to generation is identical, tentatively sets up the core group of new lines pig more than 500 through 3-4 generation;
The performance indications of described new lines pig are:
Reproductive performance: the total litter size of new lines pig is up to 18, and core group multiparity number born of sow reaches 15.
Growth rate: it is 151 ages in days that the market pig body weight reaches time of 90 kilograms, and the price of deed is 3: 1;
Trunk and meat quality: lean meat percentage is more than 63%, intramuscular fat 〉=2.5%, the nothing yellowish pink is pale, quality is soft, tangent plane oozes out (PSE, Pale Soft Exudative) and dark, strong, dry meat (DFD, DarkFirm Dry), be waterpower (drip loss)≤3%, marble grain scoring 2.8-3.0, yellowish pink scoring 3.0-4.0 takes broken rate 〉=76%, butchers the acid-base value (PH that measures in back 45 minutes
45) between 6.2-6.6, butcher the acid-base value (PH that measured in back 24 hours
24) between 5.5-5.8, tender degree≤3.8%.
2, the breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described first-filial generation sow group's selection is: for the first time select and remain and will carry out when 28 ages in days weans, select by Mao Quanbai, body weight is greater than 4 kilograms, more than 7 pairs of numbers of nipples reach, and rounded, the sow that physique is good; The wean back is to the body weight of every pig of 100 kg body weight stages record, and the forage volume of searching for food is used to calculate its growth rate; Select and remain for the second time and carry out when 4 monthly ages, mainly superseded growth rate is slow, and physique is poor, and the sow of blackspot is arranged by hair; Select and remain for the third time when 6 monthly ages, back according to wean to the body weight of 100 kilograms of growths and the forage volume of consumption, calculate the daily gain in this stage, feedstuff-meat ratio, select that daily gain 500g is above, feedstuff-meat ratio live body thickness of backfat below 17 millimeters during less than 3: 1,100 kilograms, eye muscle area is reserved seed for planting greater than 30 square centimeters sow, and the first-filial generation of selecting and remain out pig is participated in cross mating for the second time more than 50;
Described first-filial generation sow contains 50% Huaihe River pig (Dingyuan pig) blood lineage and 50% Denmark strain Landrace blood lineage, 10.75 of the average nest litter sizes of its primiparity, the multiparity number born of sow is 12.05, birth weight is 0.95 kilogram, weaning weight was 5.33 kilograms in 28 days, daily gain is 495 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.3: 1, and carcass lean meat percentage reaches 53.64%.
3, the breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described new lines zero from generation to generation the selection of pig be: select and remain for the first time should be according to the molecular genetic marker result, and sow is selected and remain, and should to select FSH β genotype be AA and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn; It is AA and AB that the selecting and remain of boar should be selected FSH β genotype, and the Hal genotype is the boar of NN;
The wean of 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the selection weanling weight is good greater than 4 kilograms, the bodily form, physique, physically well develop and entered the group that reserves seed for planting by the pig of Mao Quanbai;
Select and remain for the third time during 4 monthly ages, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair a pinto pig eliminated;
Carry out last tight choosing during 6 monthly ages, according to the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with B ultrasonic, two parameters, estimate the breeding value (promptly reaching the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days) of growth performance with BLUP Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) animal model, calculate multiple selection index, height according to multiple selection index is selected, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother's litter size and compatriot's growth performance; Every nest stayed 3 sows of 1 boar before replacement gilt was measured, measure the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed the core group participation breeding of this generation, carry out mating with zero boar from generation to generation and zero sow from generation to generation during breeding, should note the pedigree of each pig during breeding, should avoid full sibs and half-sib mating;
The zero pig from generation to generation of described new lines contains 25% Huaihe River pig blood lineage, and 25% pellet is to be big yorker blood lineage adding of Landrace blood lineage and 50%; The average nest litter size of its primiparity is 10.64, and the total litter size of multiparity sow is 11.54, and birth weight is 1.08 kilograms, and weaning weight was 6.26 kilograms in 28 days, and daily gain is 607 grams, and feedstuff-meat ratio is 3.05: 1, and carcass lean meat percentage reaches 59.49%.
4, the breeding method of lean-type Chinese Huai pigs new lines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described generation interval, the auxiliary seed choosing method of molecular labeling, each selecting and remain and superseded foundation for pig;
The described generation interval is Huaihe River pig, the first-filial generation pig in second step, zero in the 3rd step pig and 1,2,3, the 4 pig time interval of successively breeding from generation to generation from generation to generation in above-mentioned 1 the first step, concentrate breeding March in spring when taking male and female pig 6-8 monthly age, 100 kilograms of left and right sides of body weight, should avoid full sibs and half-sib mating during breeding; The same year 6, childbirth in July, zero pig is from generation to generation selected and remain through four times, concentrates breeding March in next year again, so 3-4 generation circulation; The piglet of primiparity is reserved seed for planting, 1 year generation;
The auxiliary seed choosing method of described molecular labeling only is used for the 3rd step of the breeding method of premium muscle type Huaihe River pig new lines, when being born, piglet adopts the ear tissue sample, return the laboratory and carry out molecular labeling, carry out selecting the first time to reserve seed for planting and eliminate according to two gene genotype that molecular labeling goes out, standard is that superseded FSH β genotype is that BB and halothane (Hal) genotype are the sow of nn, the FSH β genotype of selecting and remain is AA and AB, and the Hal genotype is the sow of NN and Nn type; The selection principle of boar is that superseded Hal genotype is the boar of Nn and nn, selects and remain and carries the zero boar from generation to generation that the Hal genotype is NN;
The wean of piglet 28 ages in days the time is carried out selecting and remain second time, and the weaning weight of piglet is less than 4 kilograms eliminate, and the bodily form, the physique of piglet is poor, depauperation and eliminated by hair black or the pig that has a piebald, and this obsolescence principle is applicable to that in the described claim 1 each going on foot;
When 4 monthly ages, select and remain for the third time, to the minority depauperation, body weight less than 40 kilograms and by the hair a pinto pig eliminated;
6 monthly ages were sternly selected, with the 100 kg body weight ages in days and the thickness of backfat that records with the B ultrasonic live body, two parameters, estimate the breeding value of growth performance with BLUP Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) animal model, promptly reach the breeding value and the thickness of backfat breeding value that reaches 100 body weight of 100 kg body weight ages in days, calculate multiple selection index, select, simultaneously also with reference to its father and mother's litter size and compatriot's growth performance according to the height of multiple selection index; Described litter size is lower than 6 eliminating, described growth performance is for weaning to 100 kilograms of daily gains and feedstuff-meat ratio, every nest stayed 1 public 3 mothers before replacement gilt was measured, measure the back boar with 5: 1 ratio, the intensity of 3: 1 ratio of sow is selected and remain, be 3 ratios that go out earlier among the sow group, each 20 boar of finally selecting and remain from generation to generation, 100 sows are formed the core group participation breeding of this generation.
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Assignee: Anhui Province Kexin Pig Farming and Breeding Co., Ltd. Assignor: Husbandry & Veternity Research Inst. of Anhui Prov. Agriculture Science Academy Contract record no.: 2012340000031 Denomination of invention: Method for raising new strain of lean meat type Huai pigs Granted publication date: 20080220 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20060125 Record date: 20120322 |
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