CN1699726A - Using method for mounting an overrunning clutch on a beam pumping well - Google Patents

Abstract

It relates to the usage of a kind of ultra-clutch for beam-pumping installation. The usage includes the flowing steps: 1. The equilibrium block center of the crank is in position R1 of the crank before finding out the equation of the ultra-clutch in the installation with the usage formula (2), the compound equilibrium is listed as formula (2); 2. The outer distance DELTAR of the equilibrium block bary center of the crank after finding out the installation of the ultra-clutch can obtain the position r23 at the equilibrium block bary center of the crank with the usage formula (1); the usage formula (1) and (2) adjust the equilibrium block bary center of the crank to position R2 with the usage for formula (1). The production of oil is increased and the energy saved with the installation of ultra-clutch oil pumping facilities through this method of invention.

Description

The beam pumping unit well is installed the using method of freewheel clutch

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of beam pumping unit well the using method of freewheel clutch is installed.

Background technology

In recovering the oil, the oil field adopts sucker rod pumping, relevant sucker rod pumping is " on the books in oil recovery technique handbook (revised edition) the 4th fascicle (publication of petroleum industry publishing house, the 5th printing in Beijing in 2002) (hereinafter to be referred as oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles), its equipment is sucker-rod pumping system, as shown in Figure 4, form by oil pumper 1, sucker rod 12, oil well pump 13, in the work, drive the upper and lower reciprocating motion of oil well pump 13 (claiming deep well pump again) plunger by the sucker rod in the lower going-into-well 12, well liquid is taken out related to ground.At present, oil pumper commonly used is the conventional type beam pumping unit, as shown in Figure 5, the course of work of beam pumping unit is through driving belt high speed rotary motion to be passed to reducer 4 by engine 2 (being generally motor or diesel engine, natural gas engine), behind three double reductions, will be rotatablely moved by crank-link mechanism becomes the upper and lower swing of walking beam 16.The polished rod eye 19 that hangs on the horse head 18 drives the upper and lower reciprocating motion of oil pump plunger piston by sucker rod, well liquid is taken out related to ground.Wherein, crank-link mechanism is made up of crank 8, connecting rod 6, and on crank 8 crankshaft balance weight 11 is housed.

In the past, be that freewheel clutch is not installed on beam pumping unit; Afterwards, on beam pumping unit, it is existing again for many years that freewheel clutch promptly is installed on the belt pulley of the belt pulley 3 of reducer 4 or engine 2, but the effect of its use is not very desirable.Used in three oil fields from 2000 more than 3 years, its effect is the well volume increase that has, energy-conservation, and the well that has can not increase production, energy-conservation, both be increase production, energy-conservation, its amplitude is not of uniform size, the reason here has 3 points:

1. accelerate to freewheel clutch pumpingh well upstroke is installed, the slack-off reason of down stroke is not known.

2. the balance notion changes does not have, and transfers not that balancing does not have qualitative, quantitative calculating formula, therefore, freewheel clutch is installed after, do not take appropriate measures.

3. cause the Increasing Production and Energy Saving reason fuzzy by above-mentioned 2.

Therefore, after the beam pumping unit well is installed freewheel clutch, and do not know how to use, regulate, further can not on purpose increase production, energy-conservation the freewheel clutch pumpingh well is installed.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of beam pumping unit well the using method of freewheel clutch be installed, by method of the present invention can increase production the freewheel clutch pumpingh well is installed, energy-conservation.

For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:

Technical scheme 1: a kind of beam pumping unit well is installed the using method of freewheel clutch, this method is also not install under the situation of freewheel clutch at the beam pumping unit well, the freewheel clutch of installing and regulate the method for crankshaft balance weight center of gravity, this method comprises the steps:

(1), obtains the position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank that does not install before the freewheel clutch with formula (2) ₁:

In formula (2):

R ₁: be unkitted freewheel clutch and the balance of well pumping unit radius m of balance work;

P _{Bar liquid}: rod string is gravity in liquid, N;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

B: oil pumper suspension point unbalanced value, N looks into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicle table 1-14 and can find;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

C: the distance of beam counterweight distance of centre of gravity support fulcrum, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

W _{Qu Ping}: the quality of crank counterbalance, kg;

R _Crank: the crank center of gravity is to crank axle centre distance, m;

W _Crank: the quality of crank (two), kg;

W _Trip: the quality of beam counterweight, kg.

Wherein, r, B, R _Crank, W _Crank, W _{Qu Ping}, W _Trip, a, b, c can look into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles according to the oil pumper model and draw;

P _{Bar liquid}Can draw by following formula (4), (5), (6):

P _{Bar liquid}=P _{The bar sky}B (4)

P _{The bar sky}=q _{The bar sky}L _Bar(5)

R liquid=rw Fw+r ₀(1-Fw) (8)

In formula (4), (5), (6), (8):

P _{The bar sky}: rod string is gravity in air, N;

q _{The bar sky}: every meter sucker rod gravity in air, N/m;

L _Bar: sucker rod column length, m;

r _Liquid: the proportion of liquid in the pumpingh well;

Rw: the proportion of oil pumping WIH;

r ₀: the proportion of crude oil in the pumpingh well;

r _Bar: the proportion of sucker rod steel;

Fw: the quality per cent moisture of pumpingh well production fluid, %;

B: the weightless coefficient of rod string in pumpingh well liquid;

Wherein, q _{The bar sky}Look into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles and draw L _BarCan be found by pumpingh well down-hole roofbolt data, through type (5) obtains P _{The bar sky}

Rw, Fw, r ₀But field measurement draws, and through type (8) obtains r liquid; r _BarBe the proportion of steel, all can find in the handbook, obtain b by through type (6) like this;

Through type (4) obtains P _{Bar liquid}

P _{Liquid alive}Can draw by following formula (9):

In the formula (9):

F _Live: oil well pump piston cross-sectional area, m ²

L _f: pumpingh well dynamic oil level, m;

ρ _LiquidThe pumpingh well density of liquid, Kg/m ³

Pt; Pumpingh well well head oil pressure, MPa;

Pc; The pumpingh well surface casing pressure, MPa;

Rg: pumpingh well specific gravity of natural gas;

(2), freewheel clutch is installed, obtain the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity investigation mission outside the city or town distance, delta R that installs after the freewheel clutch with formula (1), can obtain installing the freewheel clutch position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank afterwards ₂,

In the formula (1):

Δ R: the investigation mission outside the city or town displacement when reaching capacity, m;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

Use formula R again ₂=R ₁+ Δ R can obtain installing the freewheel clutch position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank afterwards ₂

(3), the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity is adjusted to R ₂The position.

Wherein, in the on-the-spot practical operation, the influence of friction, vibration, inertia loading factor is arranged, and calculate the difference with actual measurement, thus described Δ R should have ± the practical adjustments deviation of Δ R10%.

After adjusting crankshaft balance weight, just rod-pumped well work can have been carried out.Formula among the present invention (2) is to be based upon the equation of equilibrium that obtains on the basis of balance duty when freewheel clutch is not installed; Formula (1) is to pass through R ₂Obtain, i.e. Δ R=R ₂-R ₁, relevant R ₂Equation of equilibrium be to be based upon on the basis of balance duty when freewheel clutch is installed to obtain.

About the EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS after freewheel clutch not being installed and freewheel clutch being installed as follows:

(1) freewheel clutch is not installed, the EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS of oil pumper

1. work done concerns

Upstroke: A _{Power on to outstanding}+ A _{On heavily to outstanding}=A _{Go up outstanding to bar}(21)

Down stroke: A _{Following outstanding counterweight}+ A _{Following electric counterweight}=A _{Heavily storage down}

A _{On heavily to outstanding}=A _{On heavily release}=A _{Heavily storage down}=A _{Heavy position}

All parameters of the application's formula all adopt on-the-spot practical engineering unit.

In the formula: A _{Power on to outstanding}-upstroke motor is to the suspension point work done;

A _{On heavily to outstanding}-upstroke balance weight is to the suspension point work done;

A _{Go up outstanding to bar}-upstroke suspension point is to the rod string work done;

A _{Following outstanding counterweight}-down stroke suspension point is to the balance weight work done;

A _{Following electric counterweight}-down stroke motor is to the balance weight work done;

A _{Heavily storage down}-down stroke balance weight energy stored;

A _{On heavily release}The energy that-upstroke balance weight discharges;

A _{Heavy position}The potential energy of-balance weight

Get by above-mentioned: A _{Heavy position} OnA _{Go up outstanding to bar}-A _{Power on to outstanding}

DownA _{Following outstanding counterweight}+ A _{Following electric counterweight}

A _{Go up outstanding to bar}=(P _{Bar liquid}+ P _{Liquid alive}) S

A _{Following outstanding counterweight}=P _{Bar liquid}S

∴ A _{Heavily storage} DownP _{Bar liquid}S+A _{Following electric counterweight}

OnA _{Go up outstanding to bar}-A _{Power on to outstanding}

=(P _{Bar liquid}+ P _{Liquid alive}) S-A _{Power on to outstanding}(28)

A =A _{Following electric counterweight}=A _{Power on to outstanding}(29)

With (29) substitution (28): 2A =(P _{Bar liquid}+ P _{Liquid alive}) S-P _{Bar liquid}S

=P _{Liquid alive}S

A =1/2P _{Liquid alive}S

By (28): A _{Heavy position}=(P _{Bar liquid}+ 1/2P _{Liquid alive}) S

=P _AllS

2. equation of equilibrium (is example with the plural equilibrium)

A _{Heavy position}=2R ₁W _{Qu Ping}+ 2R _HandleW _Crank+ (W _Trip+ X _Multiple) Sc

=P _AllS

Or

Wherein, formula (2) ' be original derivation formula on the textbook; Formula (2) is a form on the formula on oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles.

In the formula: P _{Bar liquid}The gravity of-rod string in liquid;

P _{Liquid alive}The long-pending above fluid column load of-piston cross-section;

S-oil pumper suspension point stroke;

A The work done of-motor;

P _All-suspension point is at the mean gravity of a jig frequency;

R ₁The position of-balance weight center of gravity on crank;

W _{Qu Ping}The gravity of-crank counterbalance;

R _HandleThe radius of-crank center of gravity;

W _TripThe gravity of-beam counterweight;

X _Multiple-compound balanced pumping unit conversion itself can be looked into oil pumper description or oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles in the unbalanced value of walking beam afterbody;

B-oil pumper suspension point unbalanced value is looked into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicle table 1-14 and is tried to achieve;

The distance that the center of gravity of Sc-beam counterweight moves up and down;

A-walking beam forearm length

Brachium behind the b-walking beam;

R-crank pins present position;

The distance of c-beam counterweight distance of centre of gravity support fulcrum;

G-acceleration of gravity.

(2) balance of oil pumper behind the installation freewheel clutch

1. work done concerns

For the rod-pumped well that freewheel clutch is installed, fast slow down in the requirement, under maximum conditions, motor is in not work done of upstroke, and make the static exercise P liquid S alive that the oil pumper suspension point is done a jig frequency in down stroke, therefore concern that with the work done that the freewheel clutch rod-pumped well is not installed the difference formula is:

Upstroke: A _{On heavily to outstanding}=A _{Go up outstanding to bar}(21) '

By (21) ' distinguish with (21) formula, cause the difference of conclusion formula as follows:

A _{Following electric counterweight}=P _{Liquid alive}S (20) '

A _{Heavy position}=P _{Bar liquid}S+P _{Liquid alive}S (21) '

Above-mentioned (20) ' formula shows: the rod-pumped well of freewheel clutch is installed, motor only in down stroke to the balance weight work done, and equal the rod-pumped well suspension point at a jig frequency work done P _{Liquid alive}S

Above-mentioned (21) ' formula shows that the potential energy that rod-pumped well balance weight that freewheel clutch is installed is had has increased, its value added is 1/2P _{Liquid alive}S

2. equation of equilibrium (is example with the plural equilibrium)

This moment, equation of equilibrium was:

Know that by (3) formula the limit equilibrium radius behind the installation freewheel clutch is R ₂, its equilibrium radius R when freewheel clutch is not installed ₁Difference DELTA R=R ₂-R ₁

By (1) formula explanation, be balance if the rod-pumped well of freewheel clutch originally was not installed, now freewheel clutch is installed after, make on the rod-pumped well fast slow down, the extreme displacement Δ R value calculating formula that its crankshaft balance weight should be transfered to other localities to crank.

R in the formula ₂The position that crankshaft balance weight should be adorned when reaching capacity slowly down soon on the-installation freewheel clutch pumpingh well;

Δ R-makes when reaching capacity slowly down soon the extreme displacement that crankshaft balance weight is transfered to other localities after on the rod-pumped well of balance freewheel clutch being installed.

When freewheel clutch was not installed, rod-pumped well was in a jig frequency, and the merit of doing at the upstroke motor equals the merit that motor is done in down stroke, and this moment, oil pumper was in the balance duty.When the balance duty, the upstroke suspension point speed uplink of oil pumper is identical with the descending corresponding speed of its down stroke.After the beam pumping unit well is installed freewheel clutch, should be that purpose is arranged is that rod-pumped well is accelerated at the rod-pumped well speed uplink of upstroke speed uplink than balance, and its downstream rate in down stroke is slack-off, thereby realize the rod-pumped well Increasing Production and Energy Saving, farthest reduce the buckling of rod string when descending, reduce the wear damage of sucker rod.Because former beam pumping unit well is installed in the use behind the freewheel clutch, do not understand the balance notion that rod-pumped well behind the freewheel clutch is installed, therefore, do not take appropriate measures.The present invention accelerates in order to realize the rod-pumped well upstroke that clutch is installed, and down stroke is slack-off, and the measure of taking is that the crankshaft balance weight of the oil pumper of balance work is extrapolated toward crank, promptly increases equilibrium radius R.When upstroke, increase the potential energy that crank counterbalance discharges, the corresponding drag torque that reduces motor, make the faster rotational speed of motor, when the rotating speed that under the potential action that crankshaft balance weight discharges, makes crank during greater than the rotating speed of motor effect crank (cry to surpass in reverse and get over), throw-out-of clutch, motor is work done no longer, and corresponding at this moment crank angle is throwing off the angle.Obviously, having speeded up of upstroke in such cases.Because throw-out-of clutch, it is up that the potential energy that crank counterbalance discharges only is used to drag suspending point loading, and no longer make motor become generator, and this is and the fundamental difference of being unkitted the freewheel clutch rod-pumped well.So after freewheel clutch was thrown off, it is up that motor can not stop suspension point to be accelerated as generator.When down stroke, crank balance focuses on and strides across bottom dead centre under the effect of its inertia force and begin up, because the crank balance radius has increased, the corresponding potential energy that has increased the crank counterbalance storage, dragging crank counterbalance by the gravity of rod string, upwards to change needed power not nearly enough, therefore crank rotates, speed is slack-off, (just making and surmount) freewheel clutch to close up the motor work done when it acts on crank rolling velocity less than motor, to participate in dragging crank counterbalance up, this moment corresponding crank corner closing up the angle.Because the aforementioned electric motivation has diminished in the upstroke work done, so motor becomes big in the down stroke work done.It is big that the drag torque of motor becomes, and its rotating speed descends, and down stroke is slack-off, because the revolutional slip amplitude of variation is little, so the slack-off degree of down stroke is little.Because it is P that motor overcomes the work done of suspension point static load a jig frequency _{Liquid alive}S is constant.Therefore, under limiting case, motor is zero in the upstroke work done.And be P in the down stroke work done _{Liquid alive}S, the drag torque that acts on motor this moment should not surpass when motor allows overload exports torque, otherwise motor stops operating.Therefore, crankshaft balance weight investigation mission outside the city or town radius R should have a limiting value.

In sum, the rod-pumped well of freewheel clutch is installed is realized going up fast slow purpose down, measure is that the crank counterbalance of the balance work rod-pumped well that freewheel clutch is not installed is transfered to other localities, the limit of adjusting be motor in not work done of upstroke, and bear out required static exercise of jig frequency of suspension point in down stroke.Correspondingly obtain limit investigation mission outside the city or town distance, delta R by Calculation Method.

Because the degree that the rod-pumped well suspension point speed uplink quickening behind the freewheel clutch is installed is greater than the descending degree that slows down of suspension point.So the average speed of a jig frequency has accelerated, cause the strokes per minute n of rod-pumped well to increase.Because the situation difference of each well is as the working system (L, D, S, n) of pumpingh well, physical properties of fluids, the differences such as quality of oil well output, pumping unit, crank counterbalance investigation mission outside the city or town radius Δ R difference, thus each aboveground fast slow degree difference down, so the Increasing Production and Energy Saving of each well can be not identical yet.

On-the-spot great majority are at the rod-pumped well of having worked freewheel clutch to be installed owing to recover the oil, and balancing again can be taked following technical proposals 2 so afterwards.

Technical scheme 2: a kind of beam pumping unit well is installed the using method of freewheel clutch, and this method is to have installed under the situation of freewheel clutch at the beam pumping unit well, regulates the method for crankshaft balance weight center of gravity, and this method comprises the steps:

(1), obtain the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity that freewheel clutch the is installed distance, delta R that to transfer to other localities, with formula (1)

In the formula (1):

Δ R: the investigation mission outside the city or town displacement when reaching capacity, m;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

(2), before investigation mission outside the city or town crankshaft balance weight centroidal distance Δ R, check earlier the surplus that crankshaft balance weight outwards moves, if not enough, then all the other balance weights are contained in zero graduation, survey upper and lower stroke lowest high-current value afterwards; If I _On=I _Down, then according to the Δ R value that calculates the outside mobile Δ R value of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity,

If I _On≠ I _Down, then according to " oil recovery technique handbook revised edition the 289th page of formula of the 4th fascicle (2-39) obtained (I when reaching balance _On=I _Down) displacement m that balance weight should move, obtain Δ R afterwards _Real=Δ R+m value is the displacement that the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity moves,

In the formula: W _{Qu Ping}The quality of-the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating, t;

M-makes oil pumper reach balance, the distance that the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating should move, cm;

ρ _Liquid-pumpingh well density of liquid, kg/m ³

F-plunger cross-sectional area, m ²

The pump degree of depth under the L-, m;

f _{Bar is worked as}The equivalent cross-sectional area of-rod string, m ²

I _On, I _DownThe maximum current of-upper and lower stroke motor input, A,

q _{Bar is worked as}The quality of-every meter equivalent rod string, kg/m;

(3), according to I _On=I _DownSituation under, with the moving Δ R value of crankshaft balance weight out-shift of gravity center; According to I _On≠ I _DownSituation under, with the moving Δ R of crankshaft balance weight out-shift of gravity center _Real=Δ R+m value.

Wherein, in the on-the-spot practical operation, the influence of friction, vibration, inertia loading factor is arranged, and the error when calculating with the difference of actual measurement and measured current, thus described Δ R should have ± the practical adjustments deviation of Δ R10%; Or, described Δ R _RealShould have ± Δ R _Real10% practical adjustments deviation.

Below, accelerating with regard to the pumpingh well upstroke of threephase asynchronous after freewheel clutch is installed, the slack-off mechanical property of down stroke is analyzed.

The intrinsic mechanical characteristic of threephase asynchronous as shown in Figure 1, this figure selects from height that petroleum industry publishing house publishes the 234th page of the technical secondary school's didactic works " motor and Electric Traction " that the editor compiles of respecting virtue.When down stroke does not begin upstroke, when 0 ° of the corner that crankshaft balance weight is in uppermost position in fig-ure from crank rotates clockwise, by the analysis of aforementioned balance notion with calculate as can be known, the crank counterbalance that has increased potential energy rotates the increase of angle along with crank, quicken to discharge potential energy and be used to drag the quickening of suspension point speed uplink, (cry and surpass in reverse more) freewheel clutch disengagement when the speed that crank is rotated when the potential energy that quicken to discharge crank counterbalance surpasses the speed that motor effect crank rotates, motor is no longer to the oil pumper work done.This moment, the corner a of crank cried the disengagement angle, as shown in Figure 2.In this process, the drag torque of motor reduces gradually, and revolutional slip reduces gradually, and rotating speed increases near synchronous rotational speed, and the operating point of motor is close to the O point by the BO section of the intrinsic mechanical characteristic of asynchronous motor.The BO section is the steady operation section of asynchronous motor.Because freewheel clutch is thrown off, the high speed rotating of crank can reverse pulling motor and make motor become generator, and stops the high speed rotating of crank conversely, and this is the fundamental difference with the rod-pumped well that is unkitted freewheel clutch.Therefore the degree of the speed uplink of upstroke quickening is unkitted the degree of the up quickening of freewheel clutch pumpingh well much larger than the balance of only regulating crank.

Near the upstroke end time, because the potential energy speed that crank counterbalance discharges reduces gradually, crank rolling velocity is reduced gradually, but under the effect of crank counterbalance inertia force, making suspension point cross top dead-centre begins descending, by as can be known aforementioned, because having increased the crank counterbalance of equilibrium radius is begun upwards to rotate by bottom dead centre, this moment, clutch was also located disengaged condition, depending suspending point loading alone, to drag that crank counterbalance upwards rotates be not enough, so crank rolling velocity descends rapidly, when being lower than motor and acting on the rotating speed of crank (cry and surmount), freewheel clutch closes up, the motor work done.Crank angle β when freewheel clutch closes up cries and closes up the angle, as shown in Figure 2.Because crank counterbalance is transfered to other localities to crank, therefore the drag torque of the drag torque that acts on motor during than the rod-pumped well motor down stroke of being unkitted clutch is big, at this moment move to the B point in the operating point of the intrinsic mechanical characteristic of threephase asynchronous, revolutional slip increases, rotating speed descends, so rod-pumped well down stroke speed is slack-off.Because threephase asynchronous changes little at the revolutional slip of stable operation BO section.Therefore the slack-off degree of down stroke is less than the degree that upstroke speeds, and the average speed of a jig frequency of oil pumper suspension point is accelerated, so the strokes per minute of oil pumper will increase.

The crank counterbalance that aforementioned design formulas gets also should be subjected to the restriction of threephase asynchronous nominal torque to the extreme displacement Δ R that transfers to other localities, and could guarantee the motor long-term safety, stable operation.

Below, with regard to oil well production increasing behind the rod-pumped well installation freewheel clutch, the reason that the motor power consumption reduces is analyzed.

1, output increases analysis

(1) leakage factor analysis

1. piston and seating nipple gap leaking loss

Freewheel clutch is installed, because upstroke accelerates, the leakage time has lacked, thereby has reduced wastage.

2. valve leakage

A, the leakage of discharge valve

If former discharge valve has leakage, in like manner because the upstroke time shortens, leakage reduces.

B, the leakage of suction people valve

Because down stroke is slack-off, the oil pipe unloading amplitude suddenly that makes piston touch the liquid level generation in down stroke reduces, and slack-off, cause that tubing vibration reduces, reduce or eliminate and inhale people's valve, because tubing vibration makes the motion of valve ball and oil pipe asynchronous and phenomenon that moment opens reduces to inhale valve and misses.

(2) gases affect

Because upstroke accelerates, advance that the isolated time of the contained solution gas of crude oil shortens in people's pump barrel, thereby reduce gas branch output, increase upstroke and inhale oil mass in people's pump.

(3) inertial load influence

Because upstroke accelerates, make the acceleration at upstroke end become big, under the effect of inertia force, walk a segment distance when making piston upstroke end more, increased the piston effective stroke, increased upstroke and sucked the interior liquid measure of pump barrel, the also corresponding liquid measure that has increased upstroke pump row people oil pipe.

(4) increase of strokes per minute

Aforementioned analysis because freewheel clutch has been installed, increases the equilibrium radius of crank counterbalance simultaneously again, makes degree that upstroke accelerates greater than the slack-off degree of down stroke, thus strokes per minute increase, thereby increase the actual displacement of pump.

(5) because down stroke is slack-off, correspondingly reduce the sucker rod column(ar) deflection, reduced to have reduced the influence of piston effective stroke owing to buckling.

Since above-mentioned 5 inequality at each pumpingh well, so each well amount of increase in production difference is each well volume increase ability of better performance, adjust balance by present technique, make under the situation that equipment allows the amplitude that upstroke speeds, the slack-off amplitude of down stroke strengthens, and the oil well production increasing amplitude is strengthened.

2, the motor power consumption reduces to analyze

Aforementioned EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS as can be known because the suspension point static load is constant, so no matter oil pumper is installed, merit that the freewheel clutch motor overcomes the suspension point static load a jig frequency is not installed is identical all is live liquid S, the i.e. area of theoretical indicator card of P.But the consideration friction load, the characteristic of vibrational loading and motor is energy-conservation again.

(1) friction load

Always the direction of motion with rod string is opposite owing to act on frictional force direction on the rod string, and the energy consumption of motor is increased.Because freewheel clutch has been installed, after freewheel clutch was thrown off, motor no longer overcame the oil well friction and consumes energy.Upstroke accelerates, and liquid viscosity decline (except indivedual) reduces the upstroke friction, reduce upstroke balance release potential energy and be used to overcome influence on frictional, and the available potential energy that the upstroke balance weight stores is that motor is in the merit of down stroke to the balance recast.

(2) vibration consumption motor energy reduces

Because down stroke is slack-off, the piston down stroke is touched the vibration that liquid level causes rod string, tubing string and is also reduced, and the energy of vibration is that motor provides, and the energy consumption of vibration consumes with the frictional resistance form.

(3) because motor only concentrates on the down stroke work done, and power is approaching to the power of full load during work done, therefore, power factor (PF) and efficient have improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the intrinsic mechanical characteristic figure of asynchronous motor

Fig. 2 throws off angle α schematic diagram for the rod-pumped well that freewheel clutch is installed closes up angle β

Fig. 3 is a measured indicator diagram before and after the L4-2114 well balancing

Fig. 4 is the sucker-rod pumping system schematic diagram

Fig. 5 is a conventional type beam pumping unit structural representation

The specific embodiment

Embodiment:

Daqing Oil Field Co., Ltd's the 6th oil recovery factory 210 groups of L4-2114 pumpingh wells in two ore deposits, relevant data is as follows: following pump degree of depth L=966.09m, pump footpath D=57mm, the CYJY10-4.2-53HB beam pumping unit that uses two machine factories of PetroChina Company Limited. to produce, stroke S=3.6m, strokes per minute n=7r/min, polished rod diameter d light=28mm, the long L of single rod string _Bar=956.1m, bar footpath d _Bar=22mm, crankshaft balance weight is installed 4, midpoint of pay zone H=1167.2m, oil density r ₀=866kg/m ³, specific gravity of natural gas r _g=0.55-0.9, moisture Fw=90.9%, dynamic oil level L _f=864m, well head oil pressure Pt=0.36MPa, casing pressure Pc=2.2MPa.

Examination is carried out balancing by the application's method after this pumpingh well is installed freewheel clutch, and effect table before and after the balancing is analyzed.

Separate: one, balancing calculates

(1), design formulas

For the rod-pumped well upstroke speed that realizes installing behind the freewheel clutch fast, down stroke speed is slow, the measure of taking is that the oil pumping machine crank balance weight of balance work is moved outward, increase equilibrium radius, the limit of adjusting be motor in not work done of upstroke, and bear out required static exercise P of jig frequency of suspension point in down stroke _{Liquid alive}* S, the corresponding calculating formula of obtaining limit investigation mission outside the city or town displacement R,

This oil pumper is a crank balance:

In the formula:

Δ R: the investigation mission outside the city or town displacement when reaching capacity, m:

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

W _{Qu Ping}: the quality of crank counterbalance, kg.

Be unkitted freewheel clutch and the calculating formula of the balance of well pumping unit radius crank balance of balance work:

Fast slow down in order to realize on the oil pumper, the equilibrium radius when reaching capacity to crank balance is:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041003827100233.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_2=R_1+\mathrm{\&Delta;R}$

R in the formula ₁-be unkitted freewheel clutch and the balance of well pumping unit radius m of balance work;

R ₂-adorned freewheel clutch, the equilibrium radius when balancing reaches capacity, m;

B-oil pumper suspension point unbalanced value (can look into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicle table 1-14), N;

P _{Bar liquid}-rod string is gravity in liquid, N;

R _Crank-crank center of gravity is to crank axle centre distance, m;

W _CrankThe quality of-crank (two), kg

(2) asked related parameter

1, tables look-up

Looking into oil recovery technique handbook the 4th fascicle by oil pumper model (CYJY10-4.2-53HB that two machine factories of PetroChina Company Limited. produce) gets for the 29th page: r=955mm, B=0, R _Crank=1024mm, W _Crank=2 * 1400=2800kg, W _{Qu Ping}=4 * 1350=5400kg; Look into the 46th page and get a=4400mm, b=5400mm.

2, ask P _{Bar liquid}, P _{Liquid alive}

(1) asks by design formulas by swabbing parameter

P _{Bar liquid}=P _{The bar sky}B (4)

P _{The bar sky}=q _{The bar sky}L _Bar(5)

By d _Bar=22mm=7/8 " table look-up q _{The bar sky}=30.7N/mP _{The bar sky}=q _{The bar sky}L _Bar=30.7 * 966.09=29.66 * 10 ³N (7)

R liquid=rwFw+r ₀(1-Fw)=1 * 0.909+0.866 (1-0.909)=0.988 (8)

P _{Bar liquid}=P _{The bar sky}B=29.66 * 10 ³* 0.873=25.89 * 10 ³In the N formula: P _{The bar sky}-rod string is gravity in air, N:

q _{The bar sky}-every meter sucker rod gravity in air, N/m;

L _Bar-sucker rod column length, m;

The proportion of liquid in r liquid-pumpingh well;

The proportion of rw-oil pumping WIH;

r ₀The proportion of crude oil in the-pumpingh well;

r _BarThe proportion of-sucker rod steel;

The weightless coefficient of b-rod string in pumpingh well liquid;

$=\mathrm{\&pi;}/4\&times;{0.057}^2\&times;864\&times;988\&times;9.8$

$+\mathrm{\&pi;}/4\&times;{0.057}^2\&times;{10}^6(0.36-2.2e^{1.251\&times;{10}^{-4}\&times;0.65\&times;864})$

$=21.347\&times;{10}^3-5.103\&times;{10}^3$

$=16.24\&times;{10}^{3}N$

In the formula:

F _Live-oil well pump piston cross-sectional area, m ²

L _f-pumpingh well dynamic oil level, m;

ρ _Liquid-pumpingh well density of liquid, kg/m ³:

Pt-pumpingh well well head oil pressure, MPa:

Pc-pumpingh well surface casing pressure, MPa:

Rg-pumpingh well specific gravity of natural gas;

(2) ask by measured indicator diagram

Use C _Effectively=P _{Bar liquid}+ 1/2P _{Liquid alive}, be active balance, there are three kinds of methods to ask, promptly calculate, calculate with the height of dividing the indicator card line equally and utilization maximum, minimum load, referring to " the 289th page in oil recovery technique handbook the 4th fascicle with the indicator card area.

Now adopt the method for dividing the indicator card line equally to ask C effective, ask P bar liquid and P with the method for the average line of getting upper and lower stroke loaded line _{Liquid alive}, referring to Fig. 3, the result is as follows:

P _{Bar liquid}=26 * 10 ³N P _{Liquid alive}=15.5 * 10 ³N

Because formula is asked P _{Bar liquid}, P _{Liquid alive}Shi Weineng considers friction, vibration, inertial load, so also do not consider in the oil pipe it is that gas-liquid two-phase has difference with formula result of calculation with the result who obtains with measured indicator diagram.When pumpingh well has measured indicator diagram, then ask with measured indicator diagram.Rod-pumped well on newly owing to there is not measured indicator diagram, is then asked with formula.

Fig. 3 has Fig. 3-1, Fig. 3-2.Wherein, among Fig. 3-1, well-name: the L4-2114 well, maximum load: 53.18KN, minimum load: 15.95KN, theoretical maximum load: 00.00KN, theoretical minimum load: 00.00KN, jig frequency: 7 (inferior/min), stroke: 3.46 meters, liquid level is dark: 00.0 meter.Among Fig. 3-2, well-name: the L4-2114 well, maximum load: 48.88KN, minimum load: 15.25KN, theoretical maximum load: 00.00KN, theoretical minimum load: 00.00KN, jig frequency: 7.32 (inferior/min), stroke: 3.50 meters.

(3) calculate Δ R

On-the-spot great majority are at the rod-pumped well of having worked freewheel clutch to be installed owing to recover the oil, balancing more afterwards, and present embodiment just belongs to this kind situation, so only calculate Δ R value.

$=0.246m$

Two, on-the-spot balancing and interpretation of result thereof

1, on-the-spot actual balancing

(1) checks the surplus that crankshaft balance weight outwards moves before the balancing earlier,, then all the other balance weights are contained in zero graduation, survey upper and lower stroke lowest high-current value afterwards if not enough.

(2) if I _On=I _Down, then according to the Δ R value that calculates the outside mobile Δ R value of crankshaft balance weight,

If I _On≠ I _Down, then according to " oil recovery technique handbook revised edition the 289th page of formula of the 4th fascicle (2-39) obtained (I when reaching balance _On=I _Down) displacement m that balance weight should move, obtain Δ R afterwards _Real=Δ R+m value is the displacement that present techniques moves crankshaft balance weight,

Present embodiment is installed 4 balance weights, and the surplus of investigation mission outside the city or town, current value I are arranged _On=41A, I _Down=34.9 peaces, substitution formula (2-39) is obtained the m value

In the formula: W _{Qu Ping}The quality of-the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating, t;

M-makes oil pumper reach balance, the distance that the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating should move, cm;

ρ _Liquid-pumpingh well density of liquid, kg/m ³

F-plunger cross-sectional area, m ²

The pump degree of depth under the L-, m;

f _{Bar is worked as}The equivalent cross-sectional area of-rod string, m ²

I _On, I _DownThe maximum current of-upper and lower stroke motor input, A,

q _{Bar is worked as}The quality of-every meter equivalent rod string, kg/m;

Present embodiment above-mentioned parameter value is: S=3.6m, W _{Qu Ping}=5.4t;

L=966.09m; ρ _Liquid=988kg/m ³F _Live=2.552 * 10 ^-3m ²

f _{Bar is worked as}=0.38 * 10 ^-3m ²q _{Bar is worked as}=3.13kg/m; N=7r/min;

Above-mentioned data substitution (2-39) formula is got

$m=\frac{3.6}{5.4}\{3+0.0236\&times;966.09[988(2.552\&times;{10}^{-3}-0.38\&times;{10}^{-3})+2\&times;3.13\frac{3.6\&times;7^2)}{1790}\left]\right\}\frac{41-34.9}{41+34.9}=3.53\mathrm{cm}$

Δ R then _Real=Δ R+m=24.6+3.53=28.13cm

The actual balancing value of this well is: moves 30cm outside the right side, moves 25cm outside the left side,

Because the formula Δ R of balancing and m value fail to consider friction, vibration has factors such as error when inertia loading and measured current, so the Δ R that calculates is real and on-the-spot practical adjustments value allows deviation about 10%.

2, install behind the freewheel clutch and balancing front and back effect table such as table one, his-and-hers watches one are analyzed as follows:

(1) to the L4-2114 pumpingh well, I before the balancing _On/ I _Down=41/34.9, illustrate that heavy back is light before the oil pumper, though freewheel clutch has been installed, fail fast down slowly, so the Increasing Production and Energy Saving effect is not arranged.Now to realize moving 30cm outside the balance weight right side, moving 25cm outside the left side, I behind the balancing soon down slowly _On/ I _Down=36/43, realized the back heavy preceding light of oil pumper.

(2) behind the balancing, strokes per minute is increased to 7.32r/min by 7r/min, and strokes per minute has increased 0.32r/min, illustrates to have realized soon down slowly.Facts have proved, freewheel clutch only has been installed and the rod-pumped well of balance work (heavier especially) or freewheel clutch is not installed than the back, a balancing for the back before heavy gently be do not reach fast slow down and make the purpose of strokes per minute increase.Have only and not only freewheel clutch is installed but also balance weight is moved enough displacements outward could realize the fast purpose that increases strokes per minute down slowly.Surmount when acting on crank rolling velocity because down rotate by motor at the upstroke crankshaft balance weight because freewheel clutch throws off, balance weight down high speed rotating no longer reverse pulling motor become generator, and stop the downward high speed rotating of crank conversely.

(3) see positive effect behind the balancing, the production fluid amount is increased to 85t/d by 71t/d, increase liquid 14t every day, system effectiveness is increased to 46.95 by 40.5%, increased by 6 percentage points, proved that 5 reasons and 3 the energy-conservation analyses of causes that increase owing to slow output under having realized going up soon behind the balancing are correct.

Three, the safety inspection behind the balancing

Only talk the safety of equipment herein

1, motor

Behind the balancing, motor increases at the down stroke electric current, but must not surpass the full load electric current.Look into " the 86th page of model of oil recovery technique handbook four fascicles is the Y280M-6 motor, rated power 55KW, and fully loaded is 104.9A to electric current, so this well balancing motor is safe.If surpass the full load electric current, then suitably reduce Δ R value, to guarantee the safety of motor.

2, reduction box

The clean moment of torsion of reduction box equals the poor of load torque and counter balance torque, because balance weight moves outward, the absolute value of counter balance torque is increased, the clean moment of torsion of upstroke is reduced, and the clean moment of torsion of down stroke strengthens, when reaching capacity, the clean moment of torsion of upstroke approaches zero, and increases about 1 times at the clean moment of torsion of down stroke, therefore for the safety of reduction box, behind balancing, to survey net torque curve, make the peak torque of crank must not surpass the reduction box nominal torque, to guarantee reduction box safety.If surpass nominal torque, then suitably reduce Δ R value, to guarantee the safety of reduction box.

The calculating of counter balance torque can be according to " oil recovery technique handbook revised edition the 803rd page of formula of the 4th fascicle (7-7) calculates.

Table one is installed freewheel clutch and balancing front and back effect table

The infield	Team is other	Pound sign	The balancing time		Production fluid t/d	??I On/I Down	Degree of balance %	Jig frequency min -1	Moisture %	Liquid level m	Oil pressure MPa	Casing pressure Mpa	Meritorious kW	System effectiveness %
															Six factories, two ore deposits	??210	??4-2114	??2004.12.8	Before	??71	??41/34.9	??85	??7.00	??90.9	??864	??0.36	??2.2	??9.92	??40.05
??2004.4.1	After	??85	??36/43	??119	??7.32	??91.3	??564	??0.37	??1.6	??8.87	??46.95
												??9-2018	??2004.3.30	Before				??27	??55.4/50.8	??92	??7.81	??94.1	??801	??0.28	??2.6	??10.53	??16.25
??2004.4.5	After	??32	??53/63	??119	??7.90	??96.20	??856	??0.28	??2.2	??10.27	??23.5

According to field observation and test, clutch surmounts more obviously behind 2 mouthfuls of well oil pumper balancings, and 1 mouthful of well jig frequency slightly increases, and production fluid on average increases 5.5t/d, and system effectiveness on average increases by 7 percentage points.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of beam pumping unit well is installed the using method of freewheel clutch, it is characterized in that: this method is also not install under the situation of freewheel clutch at the beam pumping unit well, the freewheel clutch of installing and regulate the method for crankshaft balance weight center of gravity, this method comprises the steps:

(1), obtains the position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank that does not install before the freewheel clutch with formula (2) ₁, routine plural equilibrium is:

In formula (2):

R ₁: be unkitted freewheel clutch and the balance of well pumping unit radius m of balance work;

P _{Bar liquid}: rod string is gravity in liquid, N;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

B: oil pumper suspension point unbalanced value, N looks into oil recovery technique handbook four fascicle table 1-14 and can find;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

C: the distance of beam counterweight distance of centre of gravity support fulcrum, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

W _{Qu Ping}: the quality of crank counterbalance, kg;

R _Crank: the crank center of gravity is to oily arbor centre distance, m;

W _Crank: the quality of crank (two), kg;

W _Trip: the quality of beam counterweight, kg

Wherein, r, B, R _Crank, W _Crank, W _{Qu Ping}, W _Trip, a, b, c can look into oil recovery technique handbook the 4th fascicle according to the oil pumper model and draw;

P _{Bar liquid}Can draw by following formula (4), (5), (6):

P _{Bar liquid}=P _{The bar sky}B (4)

P _{The bar sky}=q _{The bar sky}L _Bar(5)

R liquid=r _WF _W+ r ₀(1-F _W) (8)

In formula (4), (5), (6), (8):

P _{The bar sky}: rod string is gravity in air, N;

q _{The bar sky}: every meter sucker rod gravity in air, N/m;

L _Bar: sucker rod column length, m;

r _Liquid: the proportion of liquid in the pumpingh well;

r _W: the proportion of oil pumping WIH;

r ₀: the proportion of crude oil in the pumpingh well;

r _Bar: the proportion of sucker rod steel;

F _W: the quality per cent moisture of pumpingh well liquid;

B: the weightless coefficient of rod string in pumpingh well liquid;

Wherein, L _Bar, q _{The bar sky}Can look into oil recovery technique handbook the 4th fascicle according to the oil pumper model and draw, through type (5) obtains P _{The bar sky}

L _Bar: can find by pumpingh well down-hole roofbolt data;

r _W, F _W, r ₀But field measurement draws, and through type (8) obtains r liquid; r _BarCan look into oil recovery technique handbook the 4th fascicle and draw, obtain b by through type (6) like this;

Through type (4) obtains P _{Bar liquid}

P _{Liquid alive}Can draw by following formula (9):

In the formula (9):

F _Live: oil well pump piston cross-sectional area, m ²

L _f: pumpingh well dynamic oil level, m;

ρ _LiquidThe pumpingh well density of liquid, Kg/m ³

Pt; Pumpingh well well head oil pressure, MPa;

Pc; The pumpingh well surface casing pressure, MPa;

Rg: pumpingh well specific gravity of natural gas;

(2), freewheel clutch is installed, obtain the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity investigation mission outside the city or town distance, delta R that installs after the freewheel clutch with formula (1), can obtain installing the freewheel clutch position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank afterwards ₂,

In the formula (1):

Δ R: the investigation mission outside the city or town displacement when reaching capacity, m;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

Use formula R again ₂=R ₁+ Δ R can obtain installing the freewheel clutch position R of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity on crank afterwards ₂

(3), the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity is adjusted to R ₂The position.

2, beam pumping unit well according to claim 1 is installed the using method of freewheel clutch, it is characterized in that: described Δ R should have ± and the practical adjustments deviation of Δ R10%.

3, a kind of beam pumping unit well is installed the using method of freewheel clutch, and it is characterized in that: this method is to have installed under the situation of freewheel clutch at the beam pumping unit well, regulates the method for crankshaft balance weight center of gravity, and this method comprises the steps:

(1), obtain the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity that freewheel clutch the is installed distance, delta R that to transfer to other localities, with formula (1)

In the formula (1):

Δ R: the investigation mission outside the city or town displacement when reaching capacity, m;

P _{Liquid alive}: act on the long-pending above load of piston cross-section, N;

A: the forearm length of beam pumping unit, m;

B: the back brachium of beam pumping unit, m;

G: acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s ²

R: crank radius of gyration, m;

(2), before investigation mission outside the city or town crankshaft balance weight centroidal distance Δ R, check earlier the surplus that crankshaft balance weight outwards moves, if not enough, then all the other balance weights are contained in zero graduation, survey upper and lower stroke lowest high-current value afterwards; If I _On=I _Down, then according to the Δ R value that calculates the outside mobile Δ R value of crankshaft balance weight center of gravity,

If I _On≠ I _Down, then obtain (I when reaching balance according to formula (2-39) _On=I _Down) displacement m that balance weight should move, obtain Δ R afterwards _Real=Δ R+m value is the displacement that the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity moves,

In the formula: W _{Qu Ping}The quality of-the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating, t;

M-makes oil pumper reach balance, the distance that the crank counterbalance that is used for regulating should move, cm;

ρ _Liquid-pumpingh well density of liquid, kg/m ³

F-plunger cross-sectional area, m ²

The pump degree of depth under the L-, m;

f _{Bar is worked as}The equivalent cross-sectional area of-rod string, m ²

I _On, I _DownThe maximum current of-upper and lower stroke motor input, A,

q _{Bar is worked as}The quality of-every meter equivalent rod string, kg/m;

(3), according to I _On=I _DownSituation under, with the moving Δ R value of crankshaft balance weight out-shift of gravity center; According to I _On≠ I _DownSituation under, with the moving Δ R of crankshaft balance weight out-shift of gravity center _Real=Δ R+m value.

4, beam pumping unit well according to claim 3 is installed the control method of the crankshaft balance weight center of gravity of freewheel clutch, it is characterized in that: described Δ R should have ± and the practical adjustments error of Δ R10%; Or, described Δ R _RealShould have ± Δ R _Real10% practical adjustments deviation.

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