CN1692711A - Method for cross breeding of corn - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing the hybrid seeds of corn features that the hybridcorn seed Denghai No.3 is prepared from the self-line DH08 as female parent and self-line P138 as male parent through hybridization. Said DH08 is prepared from U8112 as female parent and DH65232 as male parent through hybridization and continuous selfing by 6 generations.

Description

A kind of method of hybrid maize seed production

Technical field

The invention belongs to the heterosis utilization field, specifically the present invention is a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production.

Background technology

Corn is a heterosis utilization crop the earliest in the world, and since the thirties, countries in the world are all utilizing the hybrid vigour seed selection and promoting the superior corn new hybrid, as an important technology approach that improves corn yield, improvement corn quality from eighties of last century.The U.S. popularized corn hybrid seed in 1956, and the sowing area of China's corn hybrid seed in 1987 accounts for 80% of corn seeding area.Selecting and breeding corn crossbreed major technique link comprises according to breeding objective and carries out inbred line breeding, parental apolegamy, the evaluation selection of the new combination of hybridization, the regional test evaluation of different ecological environment etc.Corn breeding and produce advanced country such as the U.S., France, Germany is in the world produced and the continuous demand in market in order to satisfy, in time seed selection and release generation by generation new varieties and change original kind.

Since the eighties, China introduces large quantities of crossbreed from American-European corn main product state and is used for test, research.To at present, the research of the corn breeding of China mainly is based on the seed selection single cross hybrid.In four kind renewal processes of having carried out, the 4th generation crossbreed promoted ten aborning surplus year, the purity of parental inbred line descends, the resistance decline, therefore the output of crossbreed, regularity have been much worse than at the beginning of the popularization, and selecting coordinate force height, economical character is good, genotype is isozygotied inbred line preparing hybrid kind for use is to improve the key of corn yield.Peasant user expects the new varieties of high yield, high-quality, better resistance.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to utilize the hybrid vigour theory, select high-combining ability, economical character is good, genotype is isozygotied, parents' affiliation is far away hybridization between selfed lines for use, select high yield, disease-resistant corn hybrid seed.

The invention provides a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production, comprise the seed selection inbred line, safety is isolated, and regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, roguing, the maternal castration rooted out male parent, gather in the crops in good time, it is characterized in that: utilize inbred line DH08 to be female parent, inbred line P138 is a paternal hybrid, the preparation corn hybrid seed.

Wherein said inbred line DH08 utilizes U8112 to be female parent, and DH65232 is a paternal hybrid, adopts pedigree method, through continuous 6 generation selfed breeding form.

Crossbreed of the present invention steps on No. 3 the feature in sea: well developed root system, plant type hemicompact gather, more diffusing, and upper blade is less; the middle and lower part blade is more roomy, and the stem stalk is sturdy, about 270 centimetres of plant heights; the fringe position is high about 116 centimetres; fruit ear is thick, cylindrical, tassel row number 16～18 row, and fecundity is good; the cob redness; the seed yellow, half horse flute profile is about thousand kernel weight 315 grams.About 100 days breeding times of the Yellow River and Huai He River sea area summer sowing, the stalk maturation of living, disease resistance is good; According to Plant Protection Office of Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences calendar year 2001 disease-resistant worm identify, the little leaf spot of the high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College of this crossbreed, stem rot, corn borer and Curvularia lunata leaf spot, viral diseases, in anti-smut; Measure through grain quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, it contains lysine 0.32%, crude protein 10.52%, crude fat 5.51%, thick starch 69.80%.

The feature of parental inbred line DH08: DH08 is a Shandong Denghai Seeds Co.,Ltd so that (U8112 * DH65232) is a basic material, adopt pedigree method, utilize our company breeding base and breeding base, Hainan, the inbred line that the continuous selfing 6 generation seed selection of warp forms.Its in seedling stage the leaf sheath lilac, 280～290 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 100～110 centimetres, 20～21 of the complete stool numbers of blade, the tassel main shaft is outstanding; 6～10 of branches, sterile lemma greenbelt purple, the flower pesticide purple, the filigree green, fruit ear is cylindrical; the cob purple, tassel row number 14～16 row, seed yellow, horse flute profile.Sow in spring breeding time 130 days (Laizhou), lodging resistance is strong, high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College pinta, middle sense helminthosporium maydis, resistance to bacterial wilt, coordinate force height.

The feature of parental inbred line P138: P138 is China Agricultural University's inbred line that the continuously-directional seed selection forms from 78599 corn hybrid seeds that the U.S. introduces.About 165 centimetres of its plant heights, the fringe position is high about 70 centimetres, about 20 of the complete stool numbers of blade, the flower pesticide purple, fruit ear is cylindrical, thick about 4.7 centimetres of fringe, tassel row number 12～14 row, the cob purple, seed is orange red, solids type, secondary root purple, well developed root system.About 115 days breeding times (Laizhou), viral diseases, bacterial wilt are gently felt graywall.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:

1. high yield, stable yields: the national corn variety regional test in the Yellow River and Huai He River sea in 2000, average per hectare is produced 8188.35 kilograms, and comparison is tucked in single No. 19 volume increase 18.7% according to kind, and the same year is in the test of southwest district national region, average per hectare is produced 8839.5 kilograms, and comparison is according to 108 volume increase 8.01% of kind agricultural university; The national corn variety production test in calendar year 2001 the Yellow River and Huai He River sea, average per hectare is produced 8286 kilograms, and comparison is according to 108 volume increase 4.0% of kind agricultural university, and the same year is in the national corn variety production test in southwest district, average per hectare is produced 8218.65 kilograms, and comparison is according to 108 volume increase 4.61% of kind agricultural university.

2. strong stress resistance: the little leaf spot of the high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, stem rot, corn borer and Curvularia lunata leaf spot, viral diseases, in anti-smut.

3. high-quality: grain quality is good, measures through grain quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, and it contains lysine 0.32%, crude protein 10.52%, crude fat 5.51%, thick starch 69.80%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a hybrid seeding family tree of the present invention.

Embodiment

Seeding technique:

1. safety is isolated:

Distance isolation: require not plant more than 300 meters other corn around the production of hybrid seeds district.

Time isolates: the sowing time production of hybrid seeds district in will with other corn mistake phase more than 40 days.

2. it is maternal that adjusting date of seeding: DH08 does, and P138 makes male parent, broadcasts female parent earlier, and first phase male parent is emerged at female parent and broadcast after 50%～60%, and second phase male parent was than first phase male parent late sowing 4～6 days.

3. suitable row ratio: father, maternal going than adopting 1: 3 or 1: 4, promptly 3 row or 4 row female parents are planted 1 row male parent at interval, per hectare plantation 67500～75000 strains.

4. strict roguing:

Be to guarantee purity of hybrid, should be in seedling stage, shooting stage, take out and will not meet the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature characteristic, different strain, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain male early stage and all pull out.

5. maternal the castration rooted out male parent.

The maternal castration is the key link of production of hybrid seeds work, is the necessary means that obtains pure hybrid seed, must employing take off luxuriant emasculating method in advance, accomplishes thorough, clean.After the female parent pollination in production of hybrid seeds district finishes, male parent is all rooted out, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve output, prevent to mix, ensure the quality of products.

6. gather in the crops the airing keeping in good time.

In time gather in the crops after the production of hybrid seeds district corn maturation, avoid meeting rain fruit ear germination or mildew and rot, after threshing was dried, the registration warehouse-in was taken care of.

Culture technique main points: suitable spring corn district, northwest, the Yellow River and Huai He River Hai Yumiqu and southwestern spring corn district.Need 2400～2600 ℃ of accumulated temperature the time of infertility, suitable cornfield interplanting or summer are live, land for growing field crops suitable planting density is 45000～49500 strain/hectares, fertilizer spraying is noted being used of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on rich water quality management, executed base manure, seed manure, ear manuer is attacked in heavy dressing, meal with wine is executed fringe granulated fertilizer, has watered the high yield water of pustulation period, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production comprises the seed selection inbred line, and safety is isolated, and regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, roguing, the maternal castration rooted out male parent, gather in the crops, it is characterized in that: utilize inbred line DH08 to be female parent, inbred line P138 is a paternal hybrid in good time, the preparation corn hybrid seed.

2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described inbred line DH08 utilizes U8112 to be female parent, and DH65232 is a paternal hybrid, adopts pedigree method, through continuous 6 generation selfed breeding form.

3, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that safe isolation, adopt distance isolation or time to isolate, adopt distance isolation to require not plant other corn more than 300 meters around the production of hybrid seeds district, adopt in the time insulation request production of hybrid seeds district sowing time will with other corn mistake phase more than 40 days.

4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that regulating date of seeding, and it is maternal that DH08 does, and P138 makes male parent, broadcasts female parent earlier, and first phase male parent is in female parent 50%～60% back sowing of emerging, and second phase male parent was than first phase male parent late sowing 4～6 days.

5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that suitable row ratio, and father, maternal row ratio adopted 1: 3 or 1: 4, and promptly 1 row male parent is planted at 3 row or the maternal interval of 4 row.

6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that roguing, in seedling stage, shooting stage, take out male early stage and all do not pull out meeting the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature characteristic, different strain, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain.

7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that maternal the castration, adopts and takes off luxuriant emasculating method in advance, thoroughly extracts maternal tassel.

8, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that rooting out male parent, after the female parent pollination in production of hybrid seeds district finishes, male parent is all rooted out.