CN1692294A - Optical fiber with multiple lenses device and method of manufacture - Google Patents
Optical fiber with multiple lenses device and method of manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- CN1692294A CN1692294A CN 03809892 CN03809892A CN1692294A CN 1692294 A CN1692294 A CN 1692294A CN 03809892 CN03809892 CN 03809892 CN 03809892 A CN03809892 A CN 03809892A CN 1692294 A CN1692294 A CN 1692294A
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- optical fiber
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Abstract
A lensed apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes an optical fiber biconic lens disposed on an end of the optical fiber such that the optical fiber and the biconic lens define an optical axis. The biconic lens includes an external surface defined by two different curves disposed substantially orthogonal to one another, a major curve C1 and a minor curve C2, wherein C1 and C2 intersect at or near the optical axis. A method of manufacturing a lensed apparatus for altering the mode field of an optical signal, and an optical assembly are also disclosed.
Description
The reference of relevant patent
The present invention enjoys the U.S. Provisional Application sequence number No.60/361 that submits to March in 2002 4, and 787 and United States serial No.10/202,515, autograph is the rights and interests of " device that bundle changes optical fiber lens with and manufacture method " patent.
Background of invention
1. invention field
The present invention relates generally to the optical device that is applicable to mode switch interconnection, in particular, relates to the deformation pattern conversion equipment, and this device has constituted to be convenient to high-level efficiency and to be coupling in the light signal that is passed through between the optical element of different mode field and/or other waveguide.
The present invention not only goes for wide range of applications, also is specially adapted to the source of the ellipse-shaped light signal such as laser diode and semiconductor waveguide is coupled with the optical fiber with circular symmetry mode field.
2. technical background
An importance of optical communication is that high coupling efficiency will be in signal source, for example, laser diode, optical fiber and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and other optical element, for example, optical fiber, specialty fibers and other or the like, between light signal be coupled.The conventional light emitting module that is incorporated in the light communication system generally all comprises a semiconductor laser, for example, laser diode, it can be used as light source; Core with light transmission, and lens for example, are arranged on spherical lens, GRIN Lens or non-spherical lens between semiconductor laser and the optical fiber, can be used for laser beam is transformed in the fiber cores.Because light emitting module generally all need have high coupling efficiency between semiconductor laser and optical fiber, so this module optical axis of preferably aiming at mutually with semiconductor laser, lens and optical fiber assembles, so that obtain maximum coupled power.Owing to reasons such as the space of lens and calibrations, early stage light emitting module all has relatively large size and higher cost, thus ordering about always in this field progress and to the research of multiple other discussion.
A kind of discussion is to adopt differential coefficient (GRIN-Graded-index) rod lens.Be different from other lens, the refractive index of GRIN rod lens is radially independently, and is to have maximal value at shaft-like optical axis place.In general, the refractive index of whole GRIN rod lens is being para-curve in shape, and therefore, itself is exactly a lens medium, and no longer just carries out the air-lens interface of lensization.Therefore, be different from conventional lenses, the GRIN-rod lens has the input and output surface on plane, can not produce refraction on these surfaces.Glue or epoxy that this characteristic makes the optical element at the lens two ends can adopt coefficient to be complementary fix.This coefficient gradients generally is that employing is that expensive again ion-exchange treatment process consuming time produces.For example, typical GRIN-rod lens is to adopt the ion-exchange treatment process of thallium or caesium doped silica glass to produce.Molten salt bath can be used for ion-exchange treatment process, make sodium and thallium or cesium ion diffuse to outside the glass, and potassium ion can be from 500 ° KNO
3The pond diffuses in the glass.
Another kind of discussion is the end formation lenticule at optical fiber, so that be provided at the optical coupled between semiconductor laser and the optical waveguide.In this discussion, lens are directly and on the end face of an integrated end that is formed on optical fiber, as will from the light of light source can incident optical fiber section.This paper is referred to as " lens fiber " with this type optical fiber.When making the light emitting module that uses this class lens optical fiber, can reduce the quantity of required componentry, because no longer need the optical convergence lens that are separated with optical fiber itself and reduced the quantity of aiming at relevant operation steps with axle.When the mode field that can change at the formed lens of optical fiber one end by its light signal, the optical fiber of lensization can be referred to as the lens optical fiber of distortion.More particularly, generally the elliptical mode field of light signal that laser diode sends can both be changed over the light signal of basic circular symmetry at the formed anamorphote of optical fiber one end, so just can be coupled to more effectively in the fiber cores with circular symmetry mode field.
Various discussion discussed above all can have various application and advantage, and this is that this area institute is well-known.Yet each probe also all has restriction separately.For example, conventional GRIN one rod lens technology provides excellent symmetric focused characteristic to the light signal by it, and the GRIN-rod lens generally self can obviously not change the geometric configuration of light signal, and this efficient optical signal coupling is necessary in using just.In addition, self can provide the material behavior of focusing the GRIN-rod lens, so just need the accurate manufacturing technology of employing to provide the may command of the refractive index of the needed GRIN-rod lens of special applications to change.
Equally, when the distortion fibre lens can easily change the light signal or the geometric configuration of light beam by it, be applicable to that the scope of the effective working distance that the distortion fibre lens is used also is restricted.Therefore, if do not have the change of effective proper operation distance for special applications, then Ou He loss will clearly be difficult to realize thereby just make many couplings use.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have shown a kind of this class lens optical fiber.Special lenses optical fiber illustrated in figures 1 and 2 is the optical fiber of anamorphoteization, and in this optical fiber, formed lens can change the mode field by its light signal on optical fiber one end.In particular, formed anamorphote can become the graphic model field transformation of the light signal that laser diode sent the light signal of basic circular symmetry on optical fiber one end, and this just can be coupled in the core of optical fiber more efficiently.
As shown in Figure 1, lens optical fiber 10 has core 11 and covering 12, and it is included in the wedging shape fiber lenticule 13 on the one end.This lenticule comprises pair of planar surface 14 and 16, and on the line 18 divided into two parts substantially with core 11 crossing (Fig. 2).Lenticule also comprises surface 20 and 22, intersects (Fig. 2) with surface 14 and 16 respectively on this surface online 24 and 26.The slope on surface 14 and 16 is called θ, and the slope on surface 20 and 22 is called φ, and wherein, φ is greater than θ.Angle θ is that corresponding plane 28 perpendicular to fiber axis 19 is measured with φ.The intersection 24 on first and second pairs of surfaces and 26 line and core intersect, as shown in Figure 2.In addition, preferably, the area on surface 14 is substantially equal to the area on surface 16.In other words, preferably, the core of lens 13 is to be symmetrical in the plane that comprises line 24 and line 18.
Wedging shape fiber lenticule 13 illustrated in figures 1 and 2 mainly is to produce with the plane surface 14 of angle θ formation about plane 28 by optical fiber 10 is meshed with the emery wheel (not shown) with bigger angle.Subsequently, with optical fiber 10 Rotate 180 degree, make it to be meshed with the emery wheel (not shown) with the plane surface 16 of angle θ formation about plane 28 with bigger angle.Then repeat this processing procedure, separately with the plane surface 20 and 22 of angle φ formation about plane 28.As shown in Figure 3, the cross section of the optical fiber of being seen along line 3-3 shown in Figure 1 10 has trade shape, and this shape has upper and lower surperficial 30 side surfaces 32 with curve on basic plane.
Go into lens when having the function of anamorphote in one direction at final folding wedge, this is not have defective.In particular, because the lens face of optical fiber 10 is not as shown in Figure 3 sphere or aspheric surface, so that the light signal of scioptics or light all can occur is significantly unusual, and the distortion in before light wave also clearly.Although the elliptical mode field of laser diode is difficult to effectively mate by the mode field of the lens shown in Fig. 1 and 2 13 with optical fiber, so when light signal entered optical fiber, the phase front of light signal was not a substantially flat.As discussed above, this is, is the function of flat surfaces 30 shown in Figure 3 to small part.
Therefore, just need, but, be applicable to the lens devices that the light signal coupling is used, use relevant above-mentioned and other technological deficiency separately to overcome and anamorphote or GRIN-rod lens also there not being effect in the art.This lens devices should be able to change by the geometric configuration of the light signal of device and other mode field characteristics, simultaneously can in the light signal coupling is used, provide restriction coupling loss, allow relative broad range the operating distance accepted, reduce the phase front unusual and provide bigger control and efficient design flexibility.This lens devices should be make relatively inexpensive, produce in batches relatively easily, and generally can have quite wide range of application not needing to change under the condition of lens self material property and characteristic.The present invention has proposed the ultimate principle of this class lens device in principle.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention relates to the poly-lens device of the mode field that can change light signal.This lens devices comprises: have the optical fiber in the core zone that limits optical axis, with the GRIN-fibre lens that is positioned at the relevant end of optical fiber.Multiple lenses device, its outside surface are to be respectively main curve C by two
1With back-up curve C
2Different substantially curves limit and C at optical axis or near the position of optical axis
1And C
2Be provided with in mutually orthogonal substantially mode.
Another aspect of the present invention has proposed a kind of manufacture method that can change the lens devices of light patterns field.The step that this method comprised: multiple lenses device is arranged on the end of optical fiber and multiple lenses device limits optical axis, this multiple lenses device comprises an outside surface, and this outside surface is to be respectively main curve C by two
1With back-up curve C
2And C1 limits with the basic different curve that C2 intersects at optical axis or near the position of optical axis.
Of the present invention also have one side to propose a kind of optical module.This optical module comprises an optical element, and formation is to the substrate of member supports, and one be positioned on the substrate and the lens devices relevant with optical element, and it can change the mode field of the light signal that passes through between lens devices and optical element.This lens devices comprises an optical fiber and a multiple lenses device that is arranged on optical fiber one end, thereby limits optical axis by optical fiber and multiple lenses device.This multiple lenses device comprises an outside surface, and this surface is to be respectively main curve C by two
1With back-up curve C
2And C at optical axis or near the position of optical axis
1And C
2The basic different curve that intersects limits.
Lens devices of the present invention has produced a plurality of advantages that are better than other well-known mode switch device of this area.On the one hand, because multiple lenses device can be formed directly on the end of spacer bar, this spacer bar has from the outside surface of vertical axial stem of bar and radially extends measured basic refractive index uniformly, and lens devices of the present invention can be designed to be able to provide operating distance in a big way between the light-emitting area of light signal circle and lens self.In addition, because lens devices of the present invention does not have plane surface, therefore can both enter into device from the main power component that optical signal source sent like this, the distortion in the light signal wavefront is very little, and any distortion is all significantly less than in the prior art other mode conversion device.Therefore, the phase front that is produced in the more smooth core that advances into optical fiber mutually is unusual general just littler and still less.Consequently, can improve the efficient of coupling greatly.
Except above-mentioned advantage, to use and make of the present invention, self also provides many advantages the use of spacer bar.Spacer bar can be made, it can have the predetermined properties that is applicable to the various modes transformation applications.Because lens can be formed on the spacer bar not merely be optical fiber from one's body, therefore, have equal length, same material spacer bar made, that have identical aspect ration rate and have an identical hatch region and just can be bonded to pigtail shape fiber with different qualities and/or mode field.After this, can change each spacer bar, thereby provide required mode field translation function for the specialty fibers pigtail of each spacer bar that bonds.As more detailed discussion, preferably, this is by each spacer bar being cut to Len req and the end that cut of making is shaped, and makes it have that required radius-of-curvature finishes.Of the present invention this provides the production in enormous quantities of bar on the one hand, thus help easily manufactured, reduce and the manufacturing process cost related and bigger economic scale.
Manufacture method according to lens devices of the present invention provides some other advantage.In particular, preferably, lens devices of the present invention can be made, multiple lenses device, spacer bar (during use) or both some performances can change, and the design characteristics when not influencing lens devices and not changing performance.Like this, the spacer bar for the special applications manufacturing also can be used for other application.For example, lens devices can be able to be made, the mode field of light signal by it can change to the circular-mode field from elliptical mode field as required, change to elliptical mode field from the circular-mode field, perhaps change to and have different oval-shaped mode fields from a kind of oval-shaped mode field.In addition, lens devices of the present invention can be designed to, and it can always change the mode field of the light signal of scioptics device with the opposing party.
Except above-mentioned advantage,, spacer bar can be made and have the predetermined material characteristic that is applicable to the various modes transformation applications according to the present invention.Since multiple lenses device preferably be formed in the centreless spacer bar and the bonding optical fiber fiber on, and not merely be optical fiber originally on one's body, therefore, have equal length, same material centreless spacer bar made, that have identical aspect ration rate and have an identical hatch region and just can be bonded to pigtail shape fiber with different qualities and/or mode field.After this, for example, can change each centreless spacer bar, thereby provide required mode field translation function for the specialty fibers pigtail of each spacer bar that bonds by isolating into appropriate length.As more detailed discussion, preferably, this is by each spacer bar being isolated or is cut to Len req and the end that cut of making is shaped, and makes it have that required radius-of-curvature finishes.
Manufacturing provides some other advantage according to the method for spacer bar of the present invention.In general, this spacer bar has basic refractive index uniformly, this spacer bar can be by Corning company or be referred to as the silicon dioxide that the Vycor formula is produced, some other high silicon dioxide glass content material, or 96% silica glass is made.In general, and according to the present invention, in shape, this spacer bar can be columniform, also can be rectangle, can also make to have other geometric configuration.Be similar to GRIN-fibre lens discussed above, this spacer bar preferably uses conventional fibre manufacturing technology and equipment, is drawn into required diameter by about one meter long bar or semi-manufacture, for example but be not restricted to 125.0 microns.In general, this spacer bar can be drawn into several kilometers long, and cuts or isolate into the required appropriate length of special pattern transformation applications subsequently.
In multiple lenses device was formed on application on the end of spacer bar, its advantage was can be adopted as mode switch to use institute's spacer bar of shaping in advance.For example, and according to the present invention, when special applications need convert the mode field of basic circular symmetry to substantially oval-shaped mode field, preferably, on an end of the spacer bar of basic rectangular shape, form according to multiple lenses device of the present invention, rather than on an end of the bar of circle.In this example, preferably, at first form the semi-manufacture of about one meter long rectangular shape.Subsequently, use conventional fibre drawing technology and equipment draw the semi-manufacture of rectangular shape, have the spacer bar of the basic rectangular shape of required overall diameter (for example, 125.0 microns) with formation.Like this, can draw out the spacer rod material of several kilometers long basic rectangular shapes from single semi-manufacture, and be cut to Len req subsequently, to obtain spacer bar with required optical property.In the process that draws, the edge of the spacer rod material of the basic rectangular shape circle a little that may become, but the tension force of temperature, draw rate and drawing material that can be by the control draw machines keeps the shape of its basic rectangle.In addition, also can keep final aspect ration rate and other optical characteristics by the formed rectangular spacer rods of drawing process of being isolated substantially.This class treatment process is convenient to the batch growth and the controlled dimensions of final spacer bar.By adopting this method to make spacer bar, the face size of this spacer bar can more approach size and the surface curve with formed multiple lenses device on the end face of spacer bar.Consequently, compare, reduced to form the general needed workload of milling and polishing of multiple lenses device with the general needed workload of milling and polishing of the multiple lenses device that on the end face of circular spacer bar, forms the wedging shape.
The present invention all aspects mentioned above are that the large-scale production for spacer bar provides, thereby help easily manufacturedly, reduce and the manufacturing process cost related, and bigger economic scale 32.
To further set forth other performance of the present invention and advantage in the following detailed description, the skilled artisan in this area is from foregoing description or by making above-mentioned performance and advantage become more obvious to realization described herein.
It should be understood that above-mentioned concept nature is described and following detailed description all only is an example of the present invention, to attempt to provide performance of the present invention and the summary of characteristic or the understanding of framework that claim is set forth.Included accompanying drawing provides further understanding of the present invention, and each embodiment of the present invention has been described, and is used from principle of the present invention and the work explained with description one.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that explanation folding wedge well known in the art goes into to be out of shape lenticular synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the end view drawing of lens shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the lens sectional view along line 3-3 shown in Figure 1.
The vertical view of the lens devices that preferably adopts according to the present invention has been described in Fig. 4 A signal.
The side view of lens devices shown in Fig. 4 A has been described in Fig. 4 B signal.
Fig. 4 C has described in the visual field according to an aspect of the present invention the vertical view of tapered lens device for example.
The side view of the tapered lens device of being described among Fig. 4 C has been described in Fig. 4 D signal.
Fig. 5 A is that first of lens devices of the present invention is replaced the sectional view of embodiment for example.
Fig. 5 B is that second of lens devices of the present invention is replaced the sectional view of embodiment for example.
Fig. 5 C is that the 3rd of lens devices of the present invention is replaced the skeleton view of embodiment for example.
Fig. 5 D is that the 4th of lens devices of the present invention is replaced the skeleton view of embodiment for example.
Fig. 5 E is a partial top view of describing the spacer bar of being described among Fig. 5 A of some aspect of multiple lenses device.
The partial side view of the spacer bar of being described among Fig. 5 A of others of multiple lenses device has been described in Fig. 5 F signal.
Fig. 5 G is the spacer bar described among Fig. 5 F and the skeleton view of multiple lenses device.
Fig. 5 H is the sectional view of the multiple lenses device that intercepts along Fig. 5 F center line 5H-5H.
Fig. 5 I signal has been described the 5th kind of lens devices of the present invention and has been replaced the vertical view of embodiment for example.
The side view of the lens devices of describing among Fig. 5 I has been described in Fig. 5 J signal.
Fig. 6 has illustrated to describe the preferred approach that forms key groove of the present invention.
Fig. 7 A is the microphoto of the local side of spacer bar among the depiction 4A.
Fig. 7 B is the microphoto that the part of the spacer bar described among Fig. 4 B is overlooked.
Fig. 7 C is the microphoto that the spacer bar end described from Fig. 4 A on lens surface is obtained.
Fig. 7 D is the about 100.0 microns microphotos that intercept of the end described lens surface of distance from spacer bar shown in Fig. 4 A.
Fig. 8 has illustrated to describe according to the present invention the side view of preferred optical assembly.
Fig. 9-13 schematic depiction make preferred approach according to lens devices of the present invention.
Figure 14 schematic depiction make another preferred approach of the lens devices according to the present invention.
Figure 15 has illustrated to describe the method for determining the design variable of lens devices according to the present invention.
Figure 16 describes in the given example figure that concerns between the coupling efficiency of various settings and operating distance.
The detailed description of preferred embodiment
Now, go through preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to illustrated in the accompanying drawings example.Whenever possible, in whole accompanying drawing, use identical label to represent identical or similar parts.Fig. 4 A and 4B have shown the embodiment for example of lens devices of the present invention, and all adopt label 40 to specify in all figure without exception.
In general, the illustrated for example lens devices 40 of the side view of the vertical view of Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B comprises: optical fiber or pigtail shape fiber 42; A spacer bar 44, it is positioned on the end of pigtail shape fiber 42 and has square-law coefficient or parabolic refractive index type; And a multiple lenses device 46, it is positioned on the end away from the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42.Pigtail shape fiber 42 can be an employed standard single mode fiber in light communication system, for example, and by SMF-28 fiber, polarization maintenance (PM) fiber, multimode fibre or other specialty fibers of Corning company manufacturing, for example, high coefficient fiber.In addition, observe pigtail shape fiber 42 from an end face, it can be a circular symmetry, also can be any other shape.Preferably, multiple lenses device 42 is formed directly on the spacer bar 44 after can or being arranged on pigtail shape fiber 42 in spacer bar 44 splicings, perhaps can be provided with before spacer bar 44 is arranged on pigtail shape fiber 42 or be formed on the spacer bar.
According to a further aspect in the invention, lens devices 40 can be made and comprise one or more conical components, shown in Fig. 4 C and Fig. 4 D.This tapered lens device 40 can comprise: a pigtail shape fiber 42; A taper spacer bar 44, it can have square-law coefficient or parabolic refractive index type and be positioned at an end of pigtail shape fiber 42; And a multiple lenses device 46, it is provided with the end away from the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42.For some application, for example, laser diode coupling, from the output of laser diode less than 1.0 to 2.0 microns, and the aspect ration rate can from about 2.0 in greater than 5.0 scope.For the ease of the coupling of the mode field in this class is used, preferably, the radius-of-curvature of multiple lenses device 46 can be littler.Yet preferably, the diameter of lens devices can keep suitable size, makes each element of lens devices 40 can operate in manufacture process.The lens devices 40 that merges taper spacer bar 44 is preferable discussions, and it can satisfy above-mentioned requirements.Just as shown in drawings, preferably, taper spacer bar 44 comprises: a bar part 43, it has even or constant substantially radially width of cloth type diameter and extends longitudinally to dotted line A from an end of pigtail shape fiber 42
1And tapered rod part 45, it has at dotted line A
1And A
2Between longitudinal extension, transformable, preferably, the radially width of cloth molded dimension that reduces (the perhaps outside surface of Qing Xieing).Although do not show at accompanying drawing, but skilled artisan in the art all can be recognized: for any embodiment discussed herein and/or illustrated, can adopt the mode of the taper spacer bar 44 that is similar to shown in Fig. 4 C and the 4D to make one or more pigtail shape fibers 42, centreless spacer bar and/or spacer bar 44 taperizations.
Fig. 5 A one 5D and 5I and 5J illustrate another embodiment that gives an example of lens devices 40 of the present invention.Unless do other elaboration here, otherwise in each illustrated, the pigtail shape fiber of being discussed 42 can be the single-mode fiber of standard, for example, the SMF-28 fiber, it can have the core diameter of about 125.0 microns overall diameter and about 8.0-10.0 micron.The skilled artisan of this area should be appreciated that have other diameter and other geometric configuration other pigtail shape fiber also all within the scope of the invention.In addition, unless it should be understood that and do other elaboration here, for any embodiment, multiple lenses device 46 can be arranged in the lens devices 40 away from pigtail shape fiber 42 position farthest.
Now, with reference to figure 5A, preferably, lens devices 40 can comprise: a pigtail shape fiber 42, and it has one is the core zone 34 of boundary with cladding regions 36; And a centreless spacer bar 44, it is provided with and hinders on the end of pigtail shape fiber 42.In preferred embodiment, the relative index of refraction type of spacer bar 44 is basic between the outside surface of the optical axis of spacer bar 44 and spacer bar 44 to keep this radially even.One end of spacer bar 44 preferably adopts arc splicer well known in the art or the splicing of some miscellaneous equipment or is bonded in an end of pigtail shape fiber 42.Multiple lenses device 46 preferably is arranged on the end away from the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42.Among this disclosed here embodiment or other embodiment that gives an example, preferably, can adopt conventional forming technique, by forming and the combination of heating, utilizing the little coupling of laser instrument, better other method that goes through forms multiple lenses device 46 below perhaps adopting.In addition, illustrated dotted line 35 expressions are along the circumferential position of lens devices 40 in this embodiment and other embodiment, and according to the present invention, multiple lenses device 46 finishes on this position.Therefore, although do not show in the accompanying drawings that multiple lenses device 46 can be arranged on the pigtail shape fiber 42.In this structure, dotted line 35 can be a coplane, and is close to an end of pigtail shape fiber as required.When adopting this class formation, between the curvilinear surface of multiple lenses device 46 and pigtail shape fiber 42 resident material can think to realize " spacer bar " of this disclosure purpose.
Preferably, multiple lenses device is protruding in shape, and preferably, its size and dimension makes the mode field by its light signal to be varied to have mode field identical shaped but different size, can be varied to elliptical shape from basic circular symmetric shape, be varied to the shape of basic circular symmetry from elliptical shape, and/or change to different elliptical shape from a kind of elliptical shape.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A, multiple lenses device 46 can be formed directly on an end of spacer bar 44.Therefore, multiple lenses device 46 no longer comprises cladding regions.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A, spacer bar 44 and multiple lenses device 46 all present the overall diameter of its overall diameter less than pigtail shape fiber 42.
In another embodiment that gives an example shown in Fig. 5 B, lens devices 40 can comprise that above and Fig. 5 A discuss all relevant elements.Yet at least a portion of spacer bar 44 and multiple lenses device 46 can have the overall diameter bigger than pigtail shape fiber 42.In general, such as but be not restricted to, the characteristic of mode field, structure and size of the device that is coupled with lens devices 40 and so on all is spacer bar 44 and pigtail shape fiber 42 size of splicing mutually and the part deciding factor in other design performance at least.In addition, increasing the spacer bar 44 of lens devices 40 of the present invention and the overall diameter size of other element can be convenient to make and the measurement in manufacture process.
Another modification that can be to use at the spacer bar 44 of basic rectangle in shape is shown in Fig. 5 C and 5D.For example, shown in Fig. 5 C, lens devices 40 can comprise the pigtail shape fiber 42 of circular symmetry, and the spacer bar 44 of basic rectangle, and its end of being shaped, to form multiple lenses device 46.Embodiment shown in Fig. 5 D has shown that pigtail shape fiber 42 and spacer bar 44 all have the shape of basic rectangle separately.This area the masterful technique personage all can recognize, spacer bar 44 can be round-shaped, also can be some other geometric configuration.In addition, spacer bar 44 can be to come mark as shown in the accompanying drawing with alignment slot 44, perhaps is marked as expression spacer bar 44 and should how preferably aims at pigtail shape fiber 42, so that keep the polarization axle of pigtail shape fiber 42.This area masterful technique personage should be appreciated that the geometric configuration when each element of lens devices 40 all is circular or during on-plane surface, this mark is just particularly useful.
The vertical view and the side view of spacer bar 44 parts shown in Fig. 5 A that Fig. 5 E and Fig. 5 F have distinguished illustrative.Although the illustrated multiple lenses device 46 of Fig. 5 A is applicable to this discussion, but the hereinafter described principle relevant with Fig. 5 F with Fig. 5 E goes for other embodiment that gives an example of lens devices of the present invention too, no matter and whether multiple lenses device 46 is arranged on an end of pigtail shape fiber 42, be arranged on an end of circular spacer bar 44, also be arranged on an end of the spacer bar 44 of non-circular shape.
Fig. 5 E illustrates the vertical view of spacer bar 44 parts, is simultaneously to observe the spacer bar 44 shown in Fig. 5 F from the side.No matter employed manufacturing technology how on multiple lenses device 46, preferably, multiple lenses device 46 comprises one preferably by outside surface that at least two different curves limited.Preferably, first or main curve C
1Be formed on the plane shown in Fig. 5 E, and second or back-up curve C
2Be formed on the plane shown in Fig. 5 F.Preferably, curve C
1And C
2Be mutually basic quadrature and with the position of the optical axis 38 shown near Fig. 5 G and Fig. 5 H on intersect.The shape on the surface 47 of multiple lenses device 46 can be discerned with reference to the sectional view shown in the figure 5H.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 H, by curve C
1And C
2The curvilinear surface that is limited is defined as ellipse.In other optical property of multiple lenses device 46, in curve C
1And C
2Curvature in difference and their mutually basic perpendicular configuration the light signal of lens devices 40 of the present invention or the function that light beam changes are provided.Different curve C
1And C
2Can preferably limit one is the biconial surface, and can be defined as separately that sphere or one can be defined as sphere and another can be defined as aspheric surface.In addition, this curve also can limit and not be ellipse, para-curve or hyp shape.Its result has provided the surface of an anamorphic lens effect substantially.Curve C by control multiple lenses device 46
1And C
2Shape and curvature, just can control the shape of the mode field of the light signal by multiple lenses device 46.
The 5th kind of embodiment that gives an example according to lens devices of the present invention is shown by Fig. 5 I and Fig. 5 J.In shown embodiment, lens devices 40 comprises the pigtail shape fiber 42 of a circle, a circular spacer bar 44 that has less than the physical dimension of pigtail shape fiber 42, and one is arranged on away from the multiple lenses device 46 on spacer bar 44 1 ends of pigtail shape fiber 42.Be different from embodiment discussed above, the physical dimension of multiple lenses device 46 is greater than the physical dimension of spacer bar 44.Yet identical with embodiment discussed above is, preferably different curve limited multiple lenses device 46 by at least two.Preferably, first or main curve C
1Be formed on the plane shown in Fig. 5 I, and second or back-up curve C
2Be formed on the plane shown in Fig. 5 J.
Each of lens devices 40 mentioned above embodiment that gives an example can enjoy some general manufacturing technology.At first, use conventional optical fiber manufacturing equipment and optic fibre manufacturing technology to draw suitable spacer rod material, this spacer rod material should have diameter and the overall diameter and the geometric configuration of the parabolical refractive index of can working, core 32.Subsequently, preferably, the material of this spacer bar is cut into the length that can form spacer bar 44, and adopt the method for splicing to be bonded in selected pigtail shape fiber, perhaps one or more spacer bars 40 are bonded on pigtail shape fiber 42 1 ends.Preferably, this spacer bar 40 is bars that centreless contains silica glass, and this bar made has suitable overall diameter and geometric configuration and have even or constant refractive index, thereby seldom has or do not have the characteristic of lensization.In use, some other spacer bar 44 provides other design flexibility.
Subsequently, spacer bar 44 can be isolated or taper-cut becomes suitable length, to be applicable to the application of appointment.After this spacer bar 44 is isolated or an end of taper-cut is shaped, for example, adopts the method for polishing, make it to become have suitable key groove in the middle of the wedging shape.The parameter of spacer bar 44, intermediate wedge angle and sphering radius distance value can be according to the mode fields of needed operating distance and pigtail shape fiber 42, and the demand of specifying coupling to use needed final mode field designs.The circular arc of suitable key groove makes multiple lenses device 46 can be arranged on the end away from the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42, wherein, the outside surface of multiple lenses device 46 is limited by two different curves, these two curves are respectively main curve C 1 and back-up curve C2, and C1 and C2 intersect at the optical axis 38 of lens devices of the present invention or near the position of optical axis 38.
Key groove according to differential coefficient multiple lenses device of the present invention can use multiple condition to determine.In general, the preferable lens shape with little mode field diameter light source that is used to be coupled is a hyperbolic curve.Therefore, tapered segment can be used to be expressed as the curve C that limits the biconial surface
1And C
2According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to the fiber lenticule of 100% efficient " approximate " (Eletronic Letter that H.N.Presby and C.A.Edwards delivered, Vol.28, pags 582, going through 1992), this article limits the hyp asymptotic line and the curve C of wedging shape by with reference to merging therewith
1And C
2Can determine the angle that writes of multiple lenses device.Final wedging can adopt heating well known in the art or other method to carry out sphering, thereby provides preferable hyperbolic curve curvature shapes for spacer bar.
The meaning explanation is such as shown in Figure 6, the expression curve C
1And C
2Hyperbolic curve preferably limit by the asymptotic line 52 of expression wedging, and in that (h, culminating point 54 k) intersects.Limiting hyp formula can be represented by following formula:
In the formula: b
2=c
2-a
2
Wherein: c be on the summit 54 and hyperbolic curve (a is the distance 60 between summit 54 and hyperbolic curve 62 for h+c, the distance 56 between the check and punctuate 58 k).
Asymptotic line can be limited by line:
Y=k+ (b* (x-h)/a) and y=k-(b* (x-h)/a)
From asymptotic formula, key groove 57 can be defined as:
Key groove=2* (tan-(b/a))
The curve of the independent variable of the outside surface that is limited on multiple lenses device 46 provides the dirigibility of anamorphote effect and design, can satisfy the demand of the Mode Coupling in numerous application.In addition, the wedging of the circle of controlled radius can be used as the modification lens, and spacer bar 44 does not have the characteristic of lensization basically.By limiting the parameter of wedging and spacer bar 44, just can control the performance of modification lens (multiple lenses device 46), for example, the mode field size of focused beam., its aspect ration rate (that is, its ellipse 2), and the focused beam image-forming range that leaves circular wedging summit.These class lens provide the anamorphote effect for the optically-coupled of extending along optical axis 38 directions of pigtail shape fiber 42, it also might obtain various design under the situation of the core that changes GRIN-fibre lens and pigtail shape fiber for various different application or overall diameter, size, shape and difference of coefficients.For example, might make that the overall diameter of GRIN-fibre lens equals, less than or greater than pigtail shape fiber, to realize changing the light beam of size.The shape of GRIN-fibre lens, pigtail shape fiber and any spacer bar can not be circular, for example, is square or rectangle, can also adopt alignment slot 41 to come mark, so that the convenience of making and be convenient to align with the polarization axle of pigtail shape fiber 42.Polarization axle by alignment surface one side or employing pigtail shape fiber 42 comes mark, just can simplify other later processing, and for example, the polishing wedging also adopts suitable polarization axle and laser diode or other optical element to be coupled.
Now, return for example embodiment shown in Fig. 5 C and Fig. 5 D, preferably, will splice mutually with pigtail shape fiber 46 such as the non-circular bar of the spacer bar 44 of rectangular shape.In manufacture process, can realize the advantage of this structure.Because rectangular spacer rods 44 is make and the evenly coefficient radially that have that this is of the glass material of centreless dioxide-containing silica preferably, therefore, can be made into and approach the required shape of the multiple lenses device that will form at lens devices 40 1 ends 46 more, thereby can simplify manufacturing step.。For example, might not adopt the method such as polishing to be formed on wedging shape on lens devices 40 end faces.Like this, the minimum number of times and the grade of polishing of can obviously reducing.In addition, multiple lenses device 46 preferably only adopts the end with bar 42 to reheat to the temperature that is enough to melten glass and forms, so that the edge of a end that can sphering rectangular shaft 42.Preferably, the softening point of ratio of specific heat glass that is applied to rectangular shaft 42 1 ends is much higher, makes that the edge can sphering, and no longer needs further polishing.Therefore, just can form the multiple lenses device 46 of suitable shape on away from an end of the bar 42 of spacer bar 44 rapidly.
According to the one side of work of the present invention, and shown in Fig. 7 A and B, preferably, light signal can be launched by laser diode or other optical device, and enters and pass through spacer bar 44 by multiple lenses device 46, and enters and pass through pigtail shape fiber 42.Fig. 7 A is the microphoto that illustrates the local side-looking of lens devices 40, and Fig. 5 B illustrates the microphoto that the part of lens devices 40 is overlooked.In this accompanying drawing, can be clear that the different curve C that limit multiple lenses device 46 outside surfaces
1And C
2According to this aspect of the invention, the basic elliptical mode field of launching from laser diode or other waveguide preferably changes over the circular-mode field that the mode field with pigtail shape fiber 42 is complementary.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the shape of multiple lenses device 46 can change over oval-shaped substantially mode field from basic circular symmetric pattern field with the mode field shape of light signal by it, shown in the microphoto of Fig. 7 C and 7D.According to this aspect of the invention, the light signal with basic circular mode field can pass through pigtail shape fiber 42, spacer bar 44 and pass through multiple lenses device 46.Image shown in Fig. 7 C is to take in the surface of multiple lenses device 46 method basically from the end face of lens devices 40.On this position, image 44 does not focus on, and just is being changed to elliptical mode field from the circular-mode field.Yet, shown in Fig. 7 D, image 46 be from the end face of lens devices 40 leave multiple lenses device 46 about 20.0 microns apart from photographs, it is oval-shaped substantially.So for the embodiment shown, on about 20.0 microns distance (image-forming range), elliptical mode field is matched with element (for example, mode field SOA) that light signal will be coupled substantially.Therefore, in encapsulation during this class component, preferably, will have the SOA of elliptical mode field or other optical element and be positioned at and leave on the about 20.0 microns position of multiple lenses device 46 1 ends, so that maximization coupling efficiency and therefore minimum optical loss.
The optical module 70 that Fig. 8 illustrates according to the present invention to be given an example.Optical module 70 shown in Figure 8 has constituted and has been applicable to that the optically-coupled of conllinear mode switch uses.Preferably, optical element 70 comprises: the light source 74 of substrate 72 and light signal 76, for example but be not restricted to laser diode or other illuminator.The light source 74 of light signal 76 preferably is formed on the substrate 72, and lens devices 40 according to the present invention preferably is positioned on the substrate 72, make lens devices 40 can with light source 74 communications.Preferably, light source 74 can align with multiple lenses device 46 by pre-end or the stop bit 78 that is bonded on the substrate 72.Send light signal 76 with the direction of multiple lenses device 46 by light source 74 with basic elliptical mode field.This signal is changed the mode field of light signal 76 by multiple lenses device 46 by the multiple lenses device distortion.Preferably, light signal 76 can be changed over the circular symmetry mode field and focused on by basic elliptical mode field, makes light signal 76 to be coupled to expeditiously to have the pigtail shape fiber 42 of basic circular symmetric pattern field.
Although be not what need, preferably, substrate 72 can be one and have corrodible＜111〉face or be formed on silicon optical platform on the substrate 72, and comprise V-shaped groove 79, so that support of lens device 40 carries out suitable aiming at signal source 74.
Although do not show that in the accompanying drawings it is crucial that wavefront as far as possible closely mates.Breaking down, it is unusual to cause, and thisly unusually also can produce structural or non-structural interference to coupling efficiency.In the past, be lens performance by the skilled artisan adjustment in this area such as GRIN-fibre lens, for example, adjust the refractive index of GRIN-fibre lens by the chemical property of reality change glass itself.This is very consuming time and is unfavorable for the High-efficient Production of mode field coupling assembly.According to the present invention, the use of spacer bar, it just plays the effect of mobile light signal image and the light signal image is not added tangible lens effect, the size of spacer bar and quantity, and the independent control (on x plane and y plane) that limits multiple lenses device 46 outer surface curve shapes, make skilled artisan in the art fully to mate these wavefront easily and efficiently, efficient that implementation pattern field coupling assembly is produced in batches and cost efficient with the method for practice.In addition, although in accompanying drawing discussed above, do not show, but principle mentioned above can be applied to the foregoing description of optical module of the present invention equally, in this case, the light signal that is sent passes through spacer bar subsequently by pigtail shape fiber, pass through multiple lenses device, and be coupled to fiber waveguide device, for example but be not restricted to SOA or other detection/photodiode.
With reference to figure 9-13, this graphic presentation be applicable to the preferred embodiment of manufacturing according to the treatment process of lens devices 40 of the present invention.In Fig. 9, generally can select as lens devices 40 such as the optical waveguide of pigtail shape fiber 42, it can use the mini positioning platform (not shown) to clamp and be positioned on the position that need aim at the suitable length of spacer rod material 80.Preferably, spacer rod material 80 has light-transfer characteristic, for example, suitable aspect ration rate, area of section and other material behavior, it can preferably use conventional optical fiber manufacturing equipment and processing technology to be made by semi-manufacture.Preferably, this material can have about 12.5 microns required maximum outside dimension.Spacer rod material 80 can be any length and interface shape, has shown the embodiment of rectangle in Fig. 9-13.Similar, but the spacer rod material class uses mini positioning platform to clamp and locate one and a plurality of pigtail shape fibers 42, and spacer rod material 80 can move on x, y and z direction and mobile each other angle.Preferably, pigtail shape fiber 42 and spacer rod material 80 are can be aspectant mobile near moving or being in contact with one another, near heating source 82, for example but be not restricted to, based on splicer, the CO of filament
2Laser instrument.The arc splicer, perhaps other similar heating source, as shown in Figure 10.Apply heat, and make pigtail shape fiber 42 and spacer rod material 80 be in contact with one another and apply certain pressure, until on the knot 84 of splicing, being fused together.Pigtail shape fiber 42 and spacer rod material 80 withdraw from (perhaps remove heating source, perhaps both withdraw from together) to required and preposition, as shown in Figure 11 along the direction of spacer rod material 80 subsequently.Heating spacer rod material 80, and the part of tensioning heating source 82 another sides, spacer rod material 80 is drawn and is separated into two parts, and the end face that has taper separately, as shown in Figure 12, wherein a part forms the spacer bar 44 be bonded on the pigtail shape fiber 42, and another part then remains on the mini positioning platform, and can couple together and make this spacer rod material 80.The tapered end face of the spacer rod material that is kept can be made mark, and separates clean end face of generation, to be used to make other spacer bar 44 of making on other pigtail shape fiber 42.
Subsequently, taper one end of spacer bar 44 is positioned near near the heating source 82, as shown in Figure 13, and with the heating of taper one end of spacer bar 44, make taper one end of spacer bar 44 be increased to its softening point and the softening point that is higher than it, thereby make the fully softening and distortion of tapered end face of spacer bar 44, the surface tension of the glass material of viscous state forms the multiple lenses device 46 of a basic sphering, these lens 46 can have one by two outside surfaces that different curve limited that are orthogonally set substantially, and wherein main curve is C
1With back-up curve be C
2And on optical axis or position, intersect near optical axis.Consequently, multiple lenses device 46 can integrated bonding and is separated mutually with pigtail shape fiber 42, to form lens devices 40 of the present invention.
Just as discussed above and according to the present invention, the treatment process that carries out " taper-cut " is at March 19 calendar year 2001 that submitted to, U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.09/812,108, exercise question is for going through in " optical waveguide lens with and manufacture method ", and this article is by with reference to merging therewith.This area the masterful technique personage all can recognize, it is to carry out under the condition of the rectangular shaft material of substrate rectangular shape that spacer rod material " taper-cut " is become the step of suitable length discussed above.Preferably, it is formed to use quite low heating/temperature to draw bar material, does not produce the material 80 that quite high surface tension is come the sphering rectangular shape.In addition, in forming step, also can apply identical heating.Preferably, applying the sufficient heat that adds, is can sphering at " taper-cut " any edge that step produced, and forming multiple lenses device, but heating/temperature is all keeping quite low, makes that the bar 44 of rectangle can rounding.Since rectangle when two sectional dimensions of 44 be different, so that the radius-of-curvature of multiple lenses device of the present invention 46 on two orthogonal directionss is different.
In needing the little Mode Coupling application of radius-of-curvature, for example, the application of about 22.0 microns radius-of-curvature can reduce by the collected light part of little pattern field source, and therefore also can reduce coupling efficiency.This be because, to small part be because, the source of little mode field diameter has big dispersion angle.In order to adopt minor radius curvature and high dispersion angle to obtain suitable coupling efficiency, must obtain short taper usually and have clear lens opening, many as far as possible Deqing.In order to reach this purpose, just must use " many taper-cut " theory to optimize the formation of multiple lenses device 46, just with some with reference to discussion that Figure 14 was carried out.
In some coupling was used, for example, the laser diode coupling was used, and the output of laser diode may diminish to 1.0 to 2.0 microns, and the aspect ration rate from about 2.0 to about 5.0 scope.For the size that can obtain small mode field size and keep corresponding multiple lenses device 46 simultaneously, preferably, radius-of-curvature is little.As above concise and to the point discuss, the lens devices 40 that can adopt " many taper-cut " theory to obtain to have this specific character, as shown in Figure 14.According to this preferable many tapers embodiment of the inventive method, the initial method step shown in Fig. 9-11 can adopt basic identically carries out in above reference " taper-cut " method that embodiment discussed.Yet the difference that has only is in the tensioning step, and heating source is that the mutual coordinated mode of employing is that direction moves to shift out mini positioning platform; That is, no longer as above the discussion, remain on the fixing position.By changing translational speed and the temperature of heating source in the tensioning step, just can produce as the many pyramidal structures as shown in Figure 14.It should be noted that be different from the shown step of Figure 12 and Figure 13, it utilizes heating source 82, for example but be not restricted to, based on the splicer of filament, for example, based on the splicer of tungsten filament, perhaps CO
2Laser diode, and mask realizes the processing of two step taper-cut, to produce biconial cutting spacer bar 44 away from pigtail shape fiber 42.Just as described in Figure 14, first surface 99A is produced by first taper-cut, and its slope ratio second taper-cut surface 99B is much flat, and approaches the end away from the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42.Subsequently, the use heating source reheats many taper-cut end face of spacer bar 44, so that any edge that many taper-cut blow moulding is produced is able to sphering.Be different from single taper-cut treatment process discussed above, the end face surface of the spacer bar 44 that many taper-cut treatment process is produced can approach the final diconical shape of needed multiple lenses device 46 more.The preferred shape of multiple lenses device is a hyperbolic curve, and like this, it is unusual and better coupling with the high dispersion angle source can be provided that it can reduce the phase front.
In other embodiment of method of the present invention, spacer bar 44 and multiple lenses device 46 can adopt the method for isolating that is not " taper-cut " spacer rod material 80 to form.After isolating step, can adopt controllable mode that the end that isolates of the spacer bar 46 that produced is reheated, sphering isolates the edge of the spacer bar 44 that step produces.Equally, because rectangular spacer rods 44, can be arranged on the purpose that reaches sphering away from the multiple lenses device 46 on the end of the spacer bar 44 of pigtail shape fiber 42 by the control heating.In addition, can isolate spacer rod material 80, not adopt heating to be shaped, for example, can adopt selecting in the polishing step pinch wheels of employing such as rag wheel to clamp subsequently to be shaped.In general, the isolating end and can adopt and add gold wheel and supporting and be in contact with one another and rotating of spacer bar 44 with certain angle so that shaping spacer bar 44 isolate end.In the preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the clamping size of pinch wheels material be from about 0.3 micron to about 1.0 microns scope.Yet, preferably, adopt the end face of laser microcomputer tool processing spacer bar 44 to finish shaping.
Example
The lens devices of embodiment mentioned above and the example of optical module according to the present invention are discussed now.
The lens devices of being given an example comprises multiple lenses device 92, shows as schematically shown in Figure 15, below with reference to this figure its variation is discussed.Lens devices for example comprises: as the light source 94 of light signal, in this case, laser diode can send signal with operation wavelength " wav ", mode field diameter (MFD) on direction (vertical direction) is wx0 (μ m), and the MFD on y direction (horizontal direction) is wy0 (μ m).Light beam from light source 94 was propagated a segment distance (z) by having coefficient for the medium (normally air) of (n1) before entering multiple lenses device 92, wherein, multiple lenses device 92 has in (RLx) radius-of-curvature (μ m) on the x direction with in (RLy) radius-of-curvature (μ m) on the y direction and be formed on the spacer bar 96 with constant refractive index type radially, with and length be that (Lc) and coefficient are (nc).The MFD of the light signal before circular multiple lenses device is wx1 and wy1, and the Beam Wave-Front radius of curve is rx1 and ry1.By multiple lenses device light signal is converted to and to have the light beam that MFD and curvature wavefront radius are respectively wx2, wy2 and rx2, ry2.For thin lens, wx1=wx2 and wy1=wy2, but rx2 is generally different with rx1 and ry1 with ry2.Subsequently, light beam is that Lc and coefficient are the spacer bar 96 parts propagation of nc by length.Beam characteristics after this propagation is wx3, wy3 and rx3, ry3.The target of design is to make wx3=wy3=wsmf, and wherein (wsmf) is the circular MFD of standard single mode pigtail shape fiber 98.Another target is to make rx3 and ry3 can approach plane wave front as much as possible, with the coupling efficiency of maximization to pigtail shape fiber.For any designated light source 82 and pigtail shape fiber 42, can pass through to improve such as Z, the Rx of multiple lenses device 25 and spacer bar 36, the design variable of Ry, Lc, and the characteristic of improving spacer bar 96, realize this goal.This target also makes Z become quite big, satisfying the demand of corresponding tolerance and actual package, and can not lose the efficient of coupling.
Can use the abcd matrix flow process disclosed in this paper list of references, perhaps use the beam propagation technology, calculate the Beam Transformation of Gaussian beam plural light beam parameters q.Preferably, this design can be optimized the optimistic coupling efficiency of any required z and the characteristic of light source 94 and pigtail shape fiber 98.Material behavior n1, nc, ng and ns can change in certain scope, but the consideration of real material has limited these numerical value.For example, n1 generally just equals 1 (air), and nc is the numerical value that silicon dioxide or doping silicon dioxide had mostly, is approximately 1.45 μ m or wavelength coverage approaching at least and 1.3-1.5 μ m.Also basic identical for ng and nsmf.Plural number light beam parameters q can be defined as:
(1/q)＝(1/r)-i*(wav/pi*w^2*n)
In the formula: r is the wavefront radius of curvature, and w is a Gaussian mode fixed radius, and wav is a light wavelength.
102 q parameter is propagated and can be provided by following formula from input plane 100 to output plane:
q2＝(A*q1+B)/(C*q1+D)
In the formula: A, B, C and D are respectively the ray entry of a matrix element relevant with the ray parameter of input and output plane 100 and 102.
Suppose a unlimited thin multiple lenses device, the variable of lens geometric configuration and design and the MFD parameter on assigned address:
Plane 99: the x of the output of light source 94: wav, wx0 and wy0-wavelength and light source 94 and y mode field
Plane 100: the propagation of the Z distance by material coefficient (n1), but before multiple lenses device,
Wx1, wy1: the mode field diameter of the light beam on plane 100
Rx1, ry1: the wavefront radius of curvature
Plane 102: be after Rx and Ry and material coefficient are the multiple lenses device of nc just at radius
wx2，wy2
rx2，ry2
Plane 104: length be Lc and coefficient be in the spacer bar 96 of nc propagation and just in time before pigtail shape fiber 98
wx3，wy3
rx3，ry3
Be applicable to the special case of lens devices
Use above shown flow process, can calculate and optimize the design variable of the lens devices that is applicable to that the laser diode coupling is used.The design parameter that the optical element of giving an example is incorporated in lens devices of the present invention is as follows:
Laser diode characteristics: wavelength: 1.55 μ m
Mode field radius w0x:1.50 μ m on the directions X
Mode field radius w0y:6.0 μ m on the Y direction
Other design parameter:
First group:
The X-Y radius R Lx of multiple lenses device curvature; R1y:5 μ m; 10 μ m
The length L c:50 μ m of spacer bar and 65 μ m
Second group:
The X-Y radius R Lx of multiple lenses device curvature; R1y:10 μ m; 20 μ m
The length L c:9 of spacer bar, 100 and 65 μ m
SMF single mode pigtail shape mode field 5.2 μ m
Figure 16 has shown the analog result to these examples.These results indicate that using this theoretical acquisition high coupling efficiency is possible with relative operating distance than width.Particularly, adopt optimizing second group under the also big situation of operating distance, is preferably to the tolerance of operating distance.
The example that is provided just is used for illustrative purposes, and can vary depending on the application.With reference to following listed list of references, just can more clearly understand above-mentioned example: W.L.Emkey and C.Jack, JTL-5, sept 1987, pp1156-64; H.Kogelnik, Applied Optics, 4 Dec 1965, p1562; R.Kishimoto, M.Koyama:
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Applications, IEEE MTT-30, June 1982, p882; And by B.E.A.Saleh and M.C.Teich write
Potonics(John Wiley ﹠amp; Sons 1991 publishes), above-mentioned each document merges therewith by reference.Others of the present invention, performance and characteristic can not found in the unexamined patent in the U.S. of co-applications, be entitled as " light signal change lens devices with and manufacture method " (" OpticalSignal Altering Lensed Apparatus and Method of Manufacture "), this patent is had by Corning company, and, merge therewith by reference here therefore in submitting on the same day.
In going through process of the present invention, it should be understood that for the skilled artisan in the association area obviously, the present invention can improve under the condition that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention.Various forms, design or structural variation that the present invention did are not all broken away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, can adopt a plurality of spacer bars 46 among any embodiment above the discussion.In addition, skilled artisan in the art all can be recognized, the various components/elements of lens devices 40 of the present invention might not be by comprising same material manufacturing, the various materials of the various elements of the formation lens devices 40 that is provided all have compatibility feature, for example ought be not restricted to softening point and thermal expansivity.Therefore, above-mentioned mentioned discussion is thought to give an example only, and is not restriction, and actual range of the present invention can be limited by following claim.
Claims (16)
1. a lens devices that changes the mode field of light signal is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Optical fiber; And
Multiple lenses device is positioned on the end of described optical fiber, makes described optical fiber and described multiple lenses device define an optical axis, and described multiple lenses device comprises that by two mutually orthogonal different curves of cardinal principle be main curve C
1With back-up curve C
2The outside surface that limits, wherein, C
1With back-up curve C
2At the optical axis place or dipped beam axle place intersect.
2. lens devices as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises at least one spacer bar, and described spacer bar has substantially refractive index uniformly between described optical fiber and described multiple lenses device.
3. lens devices as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described multiple lenses device defines a conical surface.
4. lens devices as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that at least one spacer bar comprises the spacer bar of a taper.
5. lens devices as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described curve C
1And C
2Among both each defines a sphere or aspheric surface.
6. lens devices as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described multiple lenses device places at least one end away from the spacer bar of described optical fiber.
7. system is characterized in that it comprises:
Optical element;
Substrate is in order to support described optical element; And
Lens devices as claimed in claim 1, it is positioned on the described substrate, and relevant with described optical element, in order to change the mode field of the light signal that passes through between described lens devices and the described optical element.
8. a method of making lens devices is characterized in that, this method comprises the steps:
Described multiple lenses device is arranged on an end of described optical fiber, makes described optical fiber and multiple lenses device limit an optical axis, described multiple lenses device comprises that by two mutually orthogonal different curves be principal curve C
1With extra contour C
2The outside surface that limits, wherein, C
1And C
2At the optical axis place or dipped beam axle place intersect.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described be provided with step comprise will have substantially uniformly the described spacer bar of refractive index be installed on the end of described optical fiber, and make the step that forms described multiple lenses device away from that end of the spacer bar of described optical fiber subsequently.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described removal step comprises the step of isolating described spacer bar, and described forming step comprises that the end that isolates to described spacer bar carries out Laser Micro-Machining, or to the step that end grinds, polishes and heats of isolating of described spacer bar.
11. method as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that described spacer bar comprises rectangular shaft, and wherein, described forming step comprises that soft heat becomes required form by isolating of described rectangular shaft held heating, polishes the step of the shaping end face of described rectangular shaft subsequently.
12. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described removal step comprises that taper-cut leaves the step of the spacer bar of an operating distance of described optical fiber, and described forming step comprises the temperature that the taper-cut end of described bar is heated to the outside surface that is enough to the described multiple lenses device of sphering, and polishes the step of the outside surface of described multiple lenses device after described heating steps.
13. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described removal step comprises that many taper-cut leave the step of the spacer bar of an operating distance of described optical fiber, and described forming step comprises the many taper-cut end that polishes described spacer bar, outside surface with the described multiple lenses device of sphering, perhaps heat many taper-cut end of described spacer bar, with the step of the outside surface of the described multiple lenses device of sphering.
14. an optical module is characterized in that it comprises:
Optical element;
Substrate is in order to support described element; And
Lens devices, it is positioned on the described substrate, and it is relevant with described optical element, to change the mode field of the light signal that passes through between described lens devices and the described optical element, wherein, described lens devices comprises optical fiber and the multiple lenses device that is positioned on described optical fiber one end, makes described optical fiber and multiple lenses device define an optical axis, and described multiple lenses device comprises that by two mutual different curves of quadratures substantially be principal curve C
1With extra contour C
2The outside surface that limits, wherein, C
1And C
2At the optical axis place or dipped beam axle place intersect.
15. optical module as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described lens devices also comprises a spacer bar, and it has substantially refractive index uniformly between described optical fiber and described multiple lenses device.
16. optical module as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, at least one spacer bar is tapered.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36178702P | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-04 | |
| US60/361,787 | 2002-03-04 | ||
| US10/202,515 | 2002-10-21 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1692294A true CN1692294A (en) | 2005-11-02 |
Family
ID=35346977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03809892 Pending CN1692294A (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-02-20 | Optical fiber with multiple lenses device and method of manufacture |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1692294A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103323914A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Optical fiber connector |
| CN107991737A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 | A kind of single polarization fiber lenticule production method applied to light emitting semiconductor device |
| CN108490546A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-04 | 上海大学 | A kind of light wave guide-mode type converter improving optical waveguide transmission characteristic |
| CN109719573A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The processing method of axial cone mirror |
-
2003
- 2003-02-20 CN CN 03809892 patent/CN1692294A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103323914A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Optical fiber connector |
| CN103323914B (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2016-05-04 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | The joints of optical fibre |
| CN107991737A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十六研究所 | A kind of single polarization fiber lenticule production method applied to light emitting semiconductor device |
| CN108490546A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-04 | 上海大学 | A kind of light wave guide-mode type converter improving optical waveguide transmission characteristic |
| CN108490546B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2020-01-17 | 上海大学 | Optical waveguide mode converter for improving optical waveguide transmission characteristics |
| CN109719573A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The processing method of axial cone mirror |
| CN109719573B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Machining method of axicon |
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