CN1671035A - A method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion - Google Patents
A method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN1671035A CN1671035A CNA2005100383442A CN200510038344A CN1671035A CN 1671035 A CN1671035 A CN 1671035A CN A2005100383442 A CNA2005100383442 A CN A2005100383442A CN 200510038344 A CN200510038344 A CN 200510038344A CN 1671035 A CN1671035 A CN 1671035A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a inversion method for photovoltaic parallel in network, which uses digital signal processor (DSP) as core, the power factor is one and having small harmonic pollution to electric network, said method is a high efficiency and high reliability inversion method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new forms of energy and high-efficiency energy-saving technology field, a kind of specifically photovoltaic network inverter.
Technical background
In the photovoltaic application of solar energy, grid-connected (Grid-tied or Grid-connected) generating is the important development trend that photovoltaic is used, and has become the principal mode of photovoltaic application.Because the plurality of advantages of solar energy power generating, its research and development, industrialization manufacturing technology and market development have become various countries, the world today, particularly the main focus of developed country's keen competition.At present, grid-connected photovoltaic system is very general in the application of Japan, Europe and the U.S., and technology and equipment is ripe relatively.
Core component in the grid-connected photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic combining inverter, and it is responsible for the direct current that solar cell produces is converted to and the alternating current of line voltage with frequency, homophase, presents to electrical network, realizes parallel network power generation.The reliability of this inverter, efficient, fail safe, monitoring property, environmental suitability are the key indexs of estimating a grid-connected photovoltaic system performance.The key technology of domestic photovoltaic combining inverter and equipment almost do not have the photovoltaic combining inverter manufacturer that has complete independent intellectual property right of specialty at present mainly from import.
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation market at home, the external grid-connected photovoltaic inverter ubiquity of producing is on the high side, man-machine interface is friendly inadequately, install and use shortcoming such as inconvenience.External product is to design according to the frequency of state's external power grid, voltage and line system and user's request, and some technical indicator such as frequency, voltage, line system can not satisfy domestic user's needs.
Along with developing rapidly of power electronic technology, control technology and new forms of energy application technology, the technology of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems develops to high-performance, modularization and standardization direction.Present patent application unit is through concentrating on studies for many years, adopt multinomial original creation software and hardware technology, with digital signal processor (DSP) is core, based on modern multivariable control theory, and in conjunction with novel algorithms such as self study, self diagnosis algorithm and power optimizing, the photovoltaic combining inverter with international most advanced level is produced in design.
At present, domestic photovoltaic combining inverter has the following disadvantages at technical elements:
1, efficient is lower: general system effectiveness when rated power has been wasted valuable solar energy resources on the one hand below 90%, has increased the heating of system on the other hand, the difficulty of the heat radiation of increase and cost.
2, reliability is low: the many employing high frequency transformers of domestic present technology mode, system's topological structure complexity a little less than the anti-electrical network impact capacity, breaks down easily.
3, be not suitable for outdoor application:, must adopt air cooling way to dispel the heat, so can only be installed in indoor because system effectiveness is low.Make range of application be very limited.
The external technology and equipment of main introduction, technology is backward relatively, does not have independent intellectual property right simultaneously, and production cost is higher relatively.
Summary of the invention
It is the high efficiency of core, the photovoltaic network inverter of high reliability with digital signal processor (DSP) that the present invention proposes a kind of.This device can maximally utilise solar power generation, and power factor is 1 simultaneously, and is very little to the harmonic pollution of electrical network.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion; the electric current of solar cell array is by after the DC filtering of DC filter; inversion by the PWM bridge-type inverter is interchange; carry out filtering and store idle component through reactor La again; pass through the isolation voltage and the electric pressure conversion of isolating transformer again; undertaken sending into single-phase 220V electrical network behind the ac filter by alternating current filter at last; it is characterized in that: the terminal voltage to solar cell array is carried out voltage sample; the voltage signal UD that obtains carries out the A/D conversion; electric current after the DC filtering of DC filter is carried out current sample; the current signal that obtains carries out the A/D conversion; and the signal after will changing is given the overvoltage protection that solar cell array and inverter are realized in the software protection unit; signal parameter after the conversion is supplied with the use of solar cell MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm simultaneously, to determine discharging current instruction I
*Inversion after carrying out voltage sample by sample circuit, the voltage of isolating transformer is obtained voltage signal UA, voltage signal UA is delivered to synchronous sinusoidal wave element circuit handle back generation synchronous square-wave signal, the synchronous square-wave signal that generates is inserted the seizure pin of DSP, use software to realize AC synchronous, voltage signal UA carries out becoming the A/D pin that digital signal inserts DSP after the A/D conversion through the A/D change-over circuit simultaneously; Inversion after carrying out current sample by sample circuit, the electric current of isolating transformer is obtained current signal IB, current signal IB inserts the A/D pin of DSP by the current instantaneous value testing circuit, use software algorithm to realize the current feedback of current inner loop, protected location is given on another road, uses software to realize overcurrent protection; Discharging current is instructed I
*With discharging current value of feedback I
fEnter discharging current controller (PID adjuster) computing output current on line side amplitude command value Im relatively; With current on line side amplitude instruction im
*With synchronized sine wave, bit instruction θ mutually
*(θ=180 °) the synthetic sinusoidal wave instruction of net side i that forms
*=im
*Sin (ω t+ θ); With the sinusoidal wave instruction current IB of net side
*Relatively obtain current deviation amplification coefficient Ki with current on line side value of feedback IB, employing has the dead beat Current Control principle of electric voltage feed forward, and suitably choose the feed-forward coefficients Kv of voltage on line side UA, can carry out comparatively desirable current tracking control, the PWM modulation generating unit of DSP is exported 4 tunnel pulse-width modulations (PWM) signal and is inputed to the isolated drive circuit of being made up of optocoupler, directly the power tube in the control IPM module is realized the discharge control of net side sine-wave current and solar cell array.
Described method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion is characterized in that: described synchronous sinusoidal wave element circuit, stream instantaneous value testing circuit all are integrated on the signal condition interface board, and by the RS485 bus interface to control microcomputer.
Described method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion, it is characterized in that: the entire circuit switch is by the control of the relay in the interchange road that is serially connected in behind the isolating transformer in the described method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion, and relay is driven by the relay drive circuit that joins with the signal condition interface board.
Effect of the present invention
Integrated application of the present invention modern power electronics technology, control technology, mechanics of communication.With digital signal processor (DSP) is the control core, adopts space vector control, maximum power optimizing, has realized the mutual conversion of maximal efficiency between AC energy and the direct current energy.Have characteristics such as efficient, highly reliable, no-harmonic wave pollution, scalable power factor of electric network.This device compared with prior art has following characteristics and usefulness:
1, the high efficiency of system.Efficient when rated power can reach 94%, and European efficient is not less than 93%.(European efficiency calculation formula:
η
eup＝0.03η
5+0.06η
10+0.13η
20+0.10η
30+0.48η
50+0.20η
100)
2, realized net side grid-connected current sineization and unity power factor, greatly reduced the harmonic pollution of device electrical network.
3, inverter adopts the hermetically sealed design of all steel, and degree of protection reaches IP65.Have DC side lightning protection overvoltage protection, be fit to outdoor mounted and use.
4, perfect defencive function: the one, adopt the Industrial Frequency Transformer isolation method, make reliability, fail safe and the overload capacity of inverter improve greatly.The 2nd, system has the island effect defencive function.Personal safety protection to Installation and Debugging personnel and user of service plays a key effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 circuit theory schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 control algolithm structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1,2.
Main circuit adopts PWM DC/AC bridge-type inverter topological structure, and isolating transformer is used for isolation voltage and electric pressure conversion; The main effect of reactor La is the idle component of filtering and storage circuit, to realize the PWM Current Control; DC filter is a DC side second harmonic current filter branch; Alternating current filter is the terminal LC filtering of a grid side link, makes sinusoidal wave grid-connected current more level and smooth; IA, IB, ID are the high-precision hall current sensor, for DSP provides current sampling signal.Discharge and recharge the main circuit power model and adopt the IPM module, this module collection drives, is protected in one, has very high reliability.The discharging current that ID obtains and the terminal voltage of solar cell array are changed through A/D; give the overvoltage protection that solar cell array and inverter are realized in the software protection unit; this parameter is supplied with the use of solar cell MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm simultaneously, to determine discharging current instruction I
*Voltage on line side signal UA is provided by sample circuit, give synchronous sinusoidal wave element circuit and handle, generate synchronous square-wave signal, insert the seizure pin of DSP, use software to realize AC synchronous, voltage on line side signal UA inserts the A/D pin of DSP through the A/D change-over circuit simultaneously.The current on line side signal is obtained by IB, by the A/D pin of current instantaneous value testing circuit access DSP, uses software algorithm to realize the current feedback of current inner loop, and protected location is given on another road, uses software to realize overcurrent protection.During work discharging current instructed I
*With discharging current value of feedback I
fEnter discharging current controller (PID adjuster) computing output current on line side amplitude command value Im relatively.With current on line side amplitude instruction im
*With synchronized sine wave, bit instruction θ mutually
*(θ=180 °) the synthetic sinusoidal wave instruction of net side i that forms
*=im
*Sin (ω t+ θ).With the sinusoidal wave instruction current IB of net side
*Relatively obtain current deviation amplification coefficient Ki with current on line side value of feedback IB, employing has the dead beat Current Control principle of electric voltage feed forward, and suitably choose the feed-forward coefficients Kv of voltage on line side UA, can carry out comparatively desirable current tracking control, and export 4 tunnel pulse-width modulations (PWM) signal by the PWM modulation generating unit of DSP.4 road pwm signals of PWM generating unit output input to the isolated drive circuit of being made up of optocoupler, directly control the power tube in the IPM module, realize the discharge control of net side sine-wave current and solar cell array.Owing to adopted the PWM control technology with the electrical network AC synchronous, thus can be incorporated into the power networks, and when being incorporated into the power networks, the direct current energy that solar cell the produces electrical network of having fed.
Employing process particular design, the efficient transformer that goes in ring that uses special quality material to make.The efficient of this transformer when rated power up to 98% about, European efficient is not less than 96%.Thereby overcome the deficiency of Industrial Frequency Transformer isolation method aspect efficient.The solar cell input side adopts no counnter attack diode design, improves system effectiveness more than 0.5%.Adopted high performance MIT the 5th generation IPM power model, conduction voltage drop only is 1.5V.Reduce the conduction loss of system greatly, improved system effectiveness.High efficiency solar cell MPPT real time algorithm: fuzzy control strategy is optimized in utilization, cooperate predictive control algorithm, make the MPPT efficient of solar cell up to 99%, thereby maximally utilise valuable solar energy resources, further improve the overall efficiency of system.When not having sunlight night, inverter is in closed condition fully, does not consume any electric energy of electrical network, has realized power consumption at night zero.Adopt no radiator fan design, because inverter whole efficiency height, behind the special efficient radiator that adopts customization, internal system is not used radiator fan.Eliminate the fan power loss, reduced the invertor operation noise, further improved running efficiency of system.Unique transformer radiating mode adopts the aluminium auxiliary of high-efficiency heat conduction silicone grease and customization to cooperate, and makes system radiating efficient improve 10%.The control core adopts 16 high-speed dsp chips, and the speed of service is up to 40MHz.Can reliably finish complicated control algolithm and defencive function
Adopt the voltage of active and passive software mode monitoring electrical network and the fluctuation of frequency, can judge promptly and accurately that grid cut-off and electrical network are unusual, realize anti-island effect, reliably protecting equipment and personal safety.
" island effect " refers under the electrical breakdown situation, and generating equipment is still as isolating power supply to this phenomenon of electric." island effect " is to equipment and personnel's security presence major hidden danger, be embodied in following two aspects: be the power supply that stops electrical network as the maintainer on the one hand, and when power circuit and power equipment overhauled, if the inverter in grid-connected photovoltaic power station still continues power supply, can cause maintainer's casualty accident; On the other hand, when causing power failure because of electric network fault, if combining inverter still continues power supply, in case power system restoration power supply, the output voltage of line voltage and combining inverter may exist on phase place than big-difference, can produce very big impulse current in a flash at this, causes device damage.
The present invention has adopted two kinds of " island effect " detection methods, comprises passive type and active two kinds of detection methods.The passive type detection method refers to amplitude, frequency and the phase place of real-time detection of grid voltage, when electrical breakdown, can be on amplitude, frequency and the phase parameter of line voltage, and produce skip signal, judge whether dead electricity of electrical network by detecting skip signal; Active detection method refers to electrical network parameter is produced little interference signal, judge whether dead electricity of electrical network by detecting feedback signal, wherein a kind of method be exactly by measuring inverter output harmonic current and harmonic voltage value that the site produced, judge by calculating electric network impedance, when electrical breakdown, bigger variation can take place on the electric network impedance parameter, thereby judges whether to have occurred the electrical breakdown situation.
In addition, after combining inverter detects electrical breakdown, can quit work immediately, when power system restoration is powered, combining inverter can't put into operation immediately, but it is normal fully in a period of time (90 second) to need to continue the detection of grid signal, just puts into operation again.
Claims (3)
1; a kind of method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion; the direct current of solar cell array is by after the filtering of DC filter; be interchange by the inversion of PWM bridge inverter main circuit; carry out filtering and store idle component through reactor La again; pass through the isolation and the electric pressure conversion of isolating transformer again; undertaken sending into single-phase 220V electrical network behind the ac filter by alternating current filter at last; it is characterized in that: the terminal voltage to solar cell array is carried out voltage sample; the voltage signal UD that obtains carries out the A/D conversion; electric current after the DC filtering of DC filter is carried out current sample; the current signal that obtains carries out the A/D conversion; and the signal after will changing is given the overvoltage protection that solar cell array and inverter are realized in the software protection unit; signal parameter after the conversion is supplied with the use of solar cell MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm simultaneously, to determine discharging current instruction I
*Inversion after carrying out voltage sample by sample circuit, the voltage of isolating transformer is obtained voltage signal UA, voltage signal UA is delivered to synchronous sinusoidal wave element circuit handle back generation synchronous square-wave signal, the synchronous square-wave signal that generates is inserted the seizure pin of DSP, use software to realize AC synchronous, voltage signal UA carries out becoming the A/D pin that digital signal inserts DSP after the A/D conversion through the A/D change-over circuit simultaneously; Inversion after carrying out current sample by sample circuit, the electric current of isolating transformer is obtained current signal IB, current signal IB inserts the A/D pin of DSP by the current instantaneous value testing circuit, use software algorithm to realize the current feedback of current inner loop, protected location is given on another road, uses software to realize overcurrent protection; Discharging current is instructed I
*With discharging current value of feedback I
fEnter discharging current controller (PID adjuster) computing output current on line side amplitude command value Im relatively; With current on line side amplitude instruction im
*With synchronized sine wave, bit instruction θ mutually
*(θ=180 °) the synthetic sinusoidal wave instruction of net side i that forms
*=im
*Sin (ω t+ θ); With the sinusoidal wave instruction current IB of net side
*Relatively obtain current deviation amplification coefficient Ki with current on line side value of feedback IB, employing has the dead beat Current Control principle of electric voltage feed forward, and suitably choose the feed-forward coefficients Kv of voltage on line side UA, can carry out comparatively desirable current tracking control, the PWM modulation generating unit of DSP is exported 4 tunnel pulse-width modulations (PWM) signal and is inputed to the isolated drive circuit of being made up of optocoupler, directly the power tube in the control IPM module is realized the discharge control of net side sine-wave current and solar cell array.
2, method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described synchronous sinusoidal wave line voltage element circuit, current instantaneous value testing circuit all are integrated on the signal condition interface board, and by the RS485 bus interface to control microcomputer.
3, method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the entire circuit switch is by the control of the relay in the interchange road that is serially connected in behind the isolating transformer in the described method of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion, and relay is driven by the relay drive circuit that joins with the signal condition interface board.
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| CN104006479A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic air conditioning system and control method thereof |
| CN104834339A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-08-12 | 国家电网公司 | Voltage frequency tracking method for distributed power grid-connected inverter protection |
| CN105490308A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2016-04-13 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Middle-high-voltage grid-connected system and middle-high-voltage grid-connected power generation system |
| US10103544B2 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2018-10-16 | Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. | Medium and high voltage grid-connected power generation system, medium and high voltage grid-connected system and control unit thereof |
| CN105978389A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-09-28 | 盐城工学院 | Low-frequency current ripple inhibition digital control apparatus of bridge type micro inverter |
| CN105978389B (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-08-10 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of low-frequency current Ripple Suppression numerical control device of the micro- inverter of bridge-type |
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