CN1657866A - 物体检测设备 - Google Patents

物体检测设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1657866A
CN1657866A CN2005100046044A CN200510004604A CN1657866A CN 1657866 A CN1657866 A CN 1657866A CN 2005100046044 A CN2005100046044 A CN 2005100046044A CN 200510004604 A CN200510004604 A CN 200510004604A CN 1657866 A CN1657866 A CN 1657866A
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China
Prior art keywords
housing
flange
laser
detecting apparatus
object detecting
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Pending
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CN2005100046044A
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English (en)
Inventor
猪俣诚
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Publication of CN1657866A publication Critical patent/CN1657866A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4813—Housing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/12—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316—Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7332—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured
    • B29C66/73321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured both parts to be joined being coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
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    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3481—Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)

Abstract

一种物体检测设备，包括设置在由第一壳体(1a)和第二壳体(1b)限定的空间中的光发射单元(2)和光接收器单元(6)。第一壳体由光阻挡材料制成，第二壳体由透光材料制成。第一壳体和第二壳体分别具有沿着整个周边彼此接触的凸缘(1f和1g)。通过发射的激光经由第二壳体的凸缘到第一壳体的凸缘，凸缘被气密地激光焊接在一起。

Description

物体检测设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种安装在车辆上的物体检测设备，例如，通过使用电磁波如光波，用于检测物体如前面的车辆或者检测到该物体的距离。
背景技术
传统的安装在车辆上的物体检测设备使用激光例如来检测到物体如前面的车辆的距离。该检测设备间歇地驱动一个激光器二极管来向车辆的前向区域发射激光，并且通过光学传感器来检测从前面障碍物反射的光。基于在光发射时间和光接收时间之间的时间差值，检测设备测量到前面障碍物的距离。
特别地，例如在JP2002-031685A中所公开的，检测设备包括一个用于发射激光的光发射单元，一个多角镜以及一个用于接收发射光的光接收器单元。多角镜被成形为六棱锥的平截形状并且可以象扫描镜一样旋转。根据这种结构，多角镜反射从光发射单元发射的激光并把它导向车辆的前向区域。由于当多角镜旋转时，来自光发射单元的激光被导向多角镜的每个侧面，所以激光在多角镜的反射角度被调节到可通过激光扫描车辆前向区域的预定范围。接收器单元包括一个菲涅耳透镜以及一个光接收元件，用于接收从前面物体反射的激光并测量到物体的距离。
包括上述部件的设备的各种零件容纳在一个闭合壳体中，以便保护扫描机构、光学装置以及电路免受霜冻或例如灰尘的杂质的影响。
特别地，如图4所示，壳体J1通常被形成为长方体，并且包括第一壳体J2和第二壳体J3。壳体J2和J3的四个角通过固定螺钉J5牢固地固定。如图5所示，O型环J4以压缩状态配置在壳J2和J3之间来严密密封壳体J1中与外部分隔的空间。
为了保持用于严密密封功能的O型环J4的合适的压缩状态，必须精确控制O型环J4的尺寸、密封表面粗糙度或类似的性能。此外，必须把O型环J4精确地装配到壳体J3。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种简化壳体的密封结构的物体检测设备。
根据本发明，物体检测设备包括设置在由第一壳体和第二壳体限定的空间中的波发射单元和波接收器单元。第一壳体由光阻挡材料制成，第二壳体由透光材料制成。第一壳体和第二壳体分别具有沿着整个周边彼此接触的凸缘。通过经由第二壳体的凸缘发射激光到第一壳体的凸缘，凸缘被气密地激光焊接。
附图说明
通过下面详细的描述并参考附图，本发明上述的和其它的目的、特征和优点将变得更加清楚。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的物体检测设备的透视图；
图2是图1中示出的设备的剖视图；
图3是沿着图1的III-III所得到的设备的密封结构的剖视图；
图4是一种传统物体检测设备的透视图；以及
图5是该传统检测设备中的密封结构的剖视图。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1和2，物体检测设备包括长方体形状的壳体1以及容纳在壳体1中的各种零件。安装在车辆上的该设备作为激光雷达来使用。该设备设置成沿着车辆的前向方向(图2中是右侧方向)发射激光来在自动巡航控制状态下检测到前面物体例如到前面车辆的距离。
壳体1包括第一壳体1a和第二壳体1b。第一壳体1a成盒形，并且在它的一侧(图2中是底部一侧)开口。第一壳体1a中容纳有各种零件。第一壳体1a具有由黑色PPS树脂制成的树脂部分1c并且形成外壳。第一壳体1a具有光发射窗口1d和安装在前侧树脂部分1d的左右部分上的接收窗口1e。窗口1d和1e可以由光透射树脂如玻璃和丙烯酸树脂制成。
第一壳体1a的树脂部分1c由激光阻挡材料例如包括约40wt.％玻璃的黑色PPS树脂制成。因此，树脂部分1c不透射或者只透射很少激光。树脂部分1c沿着围绕开口的整个长度具有第一凸缘1f，以便第一壳体1a，尤其是凸缘1f连接到第二壳体1b上。
第二壳体1b由板形材料制成并且形成有第二凸缘1g，该凸缘与沿着第一壳体1a围绕开口的整个长度的凸缘1f的形状一致。第二壳体1b由激透光材料例如不包含玻璃的黑色PPS树脂制成。凸缘1f和1g彼此激光焊接在一起。
第二壳体1b具有由树脂制成的电连接器1h。该连接器1h部分地从第二壳体1b突出，以连接设置在壳体1的内部和外部的到电气部件(未示出)。
壳体1(1a和1b)容纳有光发射单元2、反射镜3、多角镜4和电路板5。电路板5包括连接到测量到前面物体距离的光发射单元2和光接收器单元6等的电子控制电路。光接收器单元6定位在壳体1的内部以便面对光接收窗1e，并且包括一个菲涅耳透镜和一个光接收元件。
光发射单元2由设置在电路板5上的控制电路来驱动并且朝着反射镜3发射激光。光发射单元2可以包括激光二极管以便以脉冲的形式发射激光。
反射镜3反射从光发射单元2发射的激光并把它导向多角镜4。反射镜3由固定在壳体1内壁的支撑部分7可摆动地支撑在内壳体1c上。例如，反射镜3可以由电动机(未示出)来驱动并且由电路板5的电路来控制以调节反射方向。
多角镜4被成形为平截六角棱镜并且由壳体1来支撑。多角镜4围绕六角棱镜的一根轴线旋转。该多角镜4同样由电动机(未示出)驱动并且由电路板5的控制电路来控制。多角镜4围绕其周边具有多个镜面，其中每个镜面起扫描反射镜作用。
特别地，多角镜4反射从光发射单元2发射并由反射镜3反射的激光，并且通过发射窗口1d将激光导向车辆的前向区域。当多角镜4旋转时，多角镜4的侧面角度改变。结果，激光投射角度被改变以扫描车辆的预定前向区域。
光接收器单元6包括一个菲涅耳透镜和一个光接收元件，例如光电二极管。菲涅耳透镜收集从前向物体反射并通过窗口1e接收的激光。光接收元件接收收集的光并产生随着接收光强度变化的输出电压或者输出电流。该输出电压或电流施加到电路板5的控制电路。
在制造该设备时，光发射单元2、反射镜3、多角镜4以及光接收器单元6与电路板5一起固定到第二壳体1b。然后第一壳体1a放置在第二壳体1b上，使得凸缘1f和1g相互接触。因此，第一壳体1a覆盖了光发射单元2、反射镜3、多角镜4、电路板5以及光接收器单元6。凸缘1f和1g沿着凸缘的整个长度激光焊接，该整个长度是壳体1a和1b的整个周边。
在激光焊接过程中，焊接激光通过凸缘1g发射到凸缘1f。因为第二壳体1b是由透光材料制成，激光通过凸缘1g到达凸缘1f。因为第一壳体1a是由光阻塞(没有光透射)材料制成，激光由凸缘1f阻塞。因此，凸缘1f和凸缘1g的边界被加热，并且凸缘1f和1g彼此紧密焊接在一起。
如上构造和制造的物体检测设备以下面的方式来操作，假设它安装在车辆上并且自动巡航控制***开关被打开。以下操作主要是由电路板5的控制电路来控制。
反射镜3首先由发动机驱动到预定角度位置。光发射单元2以预定间隔发射激光。激光由反射镜3和多角镜4反射，以如图2中箭头所示通过发射窗口1d导向车辆的前向区域。当激光由物体例如前面的车辆反射时，反射的激光通过光接收窗口1e使得光进入光接收器单元6。
在光接收器单元6中，反射光由菲涅耳透镜收集并由光接收元件接收。光接收元件响应于被收集光的接收产生输出信号。基于该输出信号，通过使用激光传输速度V和在发射单元2发射激光与光接收器单元6接收激光之间的时间差值T，控制电路计算到前面物体的距离L：L＝V×T/2。
计算的距离通过连接器1h输出给不同的装置，例如设置在壳体1外部的发动机控制ECU和刹车控制ECU。结果，这些ECU可以控制发动机和/或刹车，以保持到物体的距离为预定距离。
根据上面的实施例，第一壳体1a和第二壳体1b彼此气密地激光焊接在一起而不使用O型环。因此，避免了使用O型环所引起的各种缺点。
在上面的实施例中，第一壳体1a和第二壳体1b的光透射性可以颠倒为第一壳体1a和第二壳体1b由光透射树脂和光阻塞树脂来制成。在这种情况下，激光通过第一壳体1a(凸缘1f)朝向第二壳体1b(凸缘1g)发射。
包括玻璃材料的光阻塞树脂比光透射树脂更加坚硬。因此对于壳体1a和1b中需要比另一个更加坚硬的一个优选使用光阻塞树脂。当设备安装在车辆上时，第一壳体1a更加可能在车辆的行使过程中被小石头或者类似物碰撞或损坏。因此第一壳体1a优选由光阻塞树脂制成。
上面的实施例能够被进一步修改。例如，如毫波(milliwave)的其它电磁波能够代替激光波来使用。物体检测设备也能够在除了车辆外的其它各种条件中使用。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于检测物体的物体检测设备，该设备包括：
具有开口的第一壳体(1a)；
固定到第一壳体上以封闭第一壳体的开口、并与第一壳体一起提供一个内部空间的第二壳体(1b)；
设置在所述空间中的用于向外发射电磁波的波发射单元(2)；和
设置在所述空间中的用于接收由物体反射的电磁波的波接收器单元(6)；
其特征在于：
第一壳体(1a)和第二壳体(1b)围绕第一壳体的开口沿着开口的整个周边互相焊接在一起。
2.如权利要求1所述的物体检测设备，其特征在于，第一壳体(1a)和第二壳体(1b)沿着开口的周边分别具有凸缘(1f和1g)，凸缘彼此接触并气密地互相焊接在一起。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的物体检测设备，其特征在于，第一壳体(1a)和第二壳体(1b)中的一个由透光材料制成，另一个由光阻挡材料制成。
4.如权利要求3所述的物体检测设备，其特征在于，第一壳体(1a)由光阻挡材料制成，第二壳体(1b)由透光材料制成，并且激光通过第二壳体的凸缘(1g)发射到第一壳体的凸缘(1f)。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物体检测设备，其特征在于，第一壳体(1a)具有使发射单元发射的电磁波通过的发射窗口(1d)、以及使物体反射的电磁波通过从而到达接收器单元的接收窗口(1e)。
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