CN1653706A - Apparatus, and associated method, for facilitating antenna weight selection utilizing deterministic perturbation gradient approximation - Google Patents

Apparatus, and associated method, for facilitating antenna weight selection utilizing deterministic perturbation gradient approximation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1653706A
CN1653706A CNA038108178A CN03810817A CN1653706A CN 1653706 A CN1653706 A CN 1653706A CN A038108178 A CNA038108178 A CN A038108178A CN 03810817 A CN03810817 A CN 03810817A CN 1653706 A CN1653706 A CN 1653706A
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perturbation
communication
communication station
perturbation vector
vector
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CN100435489C (en
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B·拉霍塔曼
T·R·德里贝里
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Nokia Oyj
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Nokia Oyj
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Priority claimed from US10/146,159 external-priority patent/US6745009B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/334,045 external-priority patent/US6842632B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0641—Differential feedback

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a selecting equipment and a method toward optimal antenna weighting; wherein, the signals sent from the communication system utilizing closed loop transmit diversity is weighted, the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technology is adopted, the perturbation vector is selected by the selector (136) and is applied to the antenna weighting element by the applicator, and the selected set of the perturbation vector is applied to the antenna weighting element (138) in a positive direction or a negative direction; once the perturbation vector is adopted, the tester at the receiving station and the signals delivered to the tester measures irrespectively; the single feedback value is sent back to the forwarding station, the antenna weighting is adjusted properly (142). The selecting equipment is used during the non-switch prerequisite and the switch prerequisite.

Description

Utilize the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation method to help equipment and correlation technique that antenna power is selected
The present invention generally relates to select the method for antenna weighting in the dispatching station that utilizes transmit diversity.More specifically, the present invention relates to when selecting antenna weighting, utilize the equipment and the correlation technique of perturbation gradient approximation technique.Provide improved antenna weighting to select precision,, rather than only followed the tracks of the short-period fading process because followed the tracks of the long-term covariance matrix of the channel that wherein sends signal of communication.And the quantity of the required employed transmitting antenna of feedback quantity and dispatching station is irrelevant when carrying out the selection of antenna power.
Background of invention
The transmission of information is the local certainty of modern society.The transmission of information is finished by the operation of communication system.Information is transmitted by communication channel between dispatching station and receiving station.In case of necessity, dispatching station becomes a kind of form that it transmits that allows to information translation on communication channel.And in case of necessity, receiving station operates detected information indication, thereby allows to operate on it with recovering information.
Various dissimilar communication system has been developed and formally has been used to realize information transmission between dispatching station and the receiving station.Because the progress of the communication technology, novel communication system and constantly is developed and makes up.
Exemplary communication system is a radio communications system.In radio communications system, communication channel defines on the radio link that extends between dispatching station and the receiving station.The communication system that realizes as radio communications system is to reduce cost with respect to wired corresponding system sometimes.In addition, radio communications system can be changed into the realization as mobile communication system, because adopt radio link rather than fixing wired connection, definition thereon is used to the communication channel of the information of transmitting.
Cellular communication system is the model who has obtained the radio communications system of remarkable usage level.A big chunk in global residence has been installed cellular communication system.Issue various cellular standards, proposed the running parameter of dissimilar cellular communication systems.
In general, cellular communication system comprises the fixed network infrastructure that wherein comprises a plurality of locating base station transceiver stations.The locating base station transceiver station is arranged on the geographic area that communication system will cover the position with spaced apart.Each zone of base transceiver station definition, this zone is called the sub-district, and the title of cellular communication system is come therefrom.
Base transceiver station constitutes wherein a part of fixed network infrastructure and is coupled to core net, for example grouped data backbone network or public switch telephone network.Communicator, be coupled to core net or other position again, and can communicate by network infrastructure and core net as computer server, telephone stations etc.
Be called radio link and the base station communication of the portable transceiver machine of travelling carriage by the part of formation electromagnetic spectrum.Usually allow use according to service subscription, and the user is called the subscriber, communicates via cellular communication system by utilizing travelling carriage to cellular communication system.
The information of transmitting on radio link is easy to distortion because of imperfect communication condition.Other communication system is not desirable equally, and the transmission of the information in other this class communication system is easy to distortion too.The analog value of information when the value that distortion causes being delivered to the information of receiving station is different from dispatching station and sends.If distortion is obvious, then can't be in receiving station's information content of recovering information exactly.
The decline that the multipath transmission causes makes the information distortion of transmitting on the communication channel.If communication channel presents tangible decline degree, the information content that then possibly can't recovering information.
Various technology are used to compensate or overcome in information and are delivered to the distortion of in the process of receiving station information being introduced by communication channel.For example, utilize space diversity sometimes.By using an above transmitting antenna transducer transmission information to create space diversity in dispatching station.From spatial redundancies wherein is provided.Antenna transducer is separated enough big distance usually, declines in uncorrelated mode so that guarantee the information of each antenna transducer transmission.In addition, receiving station also utilizes an above reception antenna transducer sometimes, and these antenna transducer also is separated suitable spacing usually.
Utilize the communication system of a plurality of transmitting antenna transducers and a plurality of reception antenna transducers to be known as MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) system sometimes.Communication in the mimo system provides with legacy system and has compared, and can realize the possibility of higher overall system capacity.Can provide service to more user, perhaps can provide bigger data throughout for each user.
If, then can further strengthen the advantage that provides by the usage space diversity for dispatching station provides about the interface that connects dispatching station and receiving station, is the information of the state of communication channel.
The characteristic of channel of communication channel can't directly be measured by dispatching station.These measure only just feasible in receiving station.In intercommunication system, the measurement of carrying out in receiving station can return to dispatching station, thereby the indication of the characteristic of channel is provided to dispatching station.
Provide the communication system of this information to be considered to provide the system of Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity to many antenna transmission station.The communication channel that extends to travelling carriage from the network infrastructure of cellular communication system is called down link or forward link channel sometimes.And be called up link or reverse chain channel sometimes from the channel that travelling carriage turns back to network infrastructure.
The feedback information that turns back to dispatching station (being network infrastructure here) from receiving station (here for travelling carriage) is used for selecting the value of antenna weighting.Weighting is a weighted value, and according to this value, the information signal that offers some antenna transducer separately was weighted before they are delivered to travelling carriage by communication channel.Purpose is to be delivered to the mode of receiving station to being applied to the information signal weighting on the antenna transducer with help information best.The conjugation of the subspace that the value of antenna weighting is generated near the downlink channel covariance matrix.The estimation of antenna weighting can be expressed as transmission subspace tracking process.Can utilize some Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity processes.Sometimes adopt TxAA, Eigenbeam Former and other technology.But prior art has various defectives.For example, the TxAA process can't be considered the long-term covariance matrix of communication channel when selecting antenna weighting.In addition, the quantity of the antenna transducer of dispatching station is depended in the use of Eigenbeam former technology.When the quantity of antenna transducer increased, the complexity of this technology increased sharply.
Therefore, needed is a kind of improving one's methods, and realizes Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity by it, thereby allows the improvement communication in MIMO or other communication system.
According to this background information relevant, remarkable improvement of the present invention is proposed with the radio communications system that utilizes space diversity.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention advantageously provides a kind of mode, in this way, when selecting antenna weighting in utilizing the dispatching station of transmit diversity, uses the perturbation gradient approximation technique.
In the operating process of one embodiment of the present of invention, a kind of equipment and correlation technique are provided, in utilizing the dispatching station of transmit diversity, select antenna weighting by this equipment and method.
Provide the antenna weighting that improves to select precision.Follow the tracks of the long-term covariance matrix of communication channel, rather than only follow the tracks of the short-period fading process.The quantity of carrying out the used transmitting antenna of required feedback quantity of antenna weighting selection and dispatching station is irrelevant.And, do not need the specific pilot signal of user to be used for operation.Therefore, this method and apparatus can realize in any of many dissimilar high data rate systems, and just do not utilize the system of pilot signal.
In one aspect of the invention, carry out the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation, so that in utilizing the dispatching station of space diversity, use antenna weight value.Approximation technique help to be optimized the selection of antenna weight value, thereby optimizes communicating by letter between dispatching station and the receiving station.For on communication channel to the communication of receiving station, select the perturbation vector in dispatching station.The perturbation vector is selected according to the selecting sequence of choosing from selected vector set.Each vector is made up of vector value.The antenna weighting of the antenna transducer of dispatching station is being shot moving in first mode in the first of time cycle, and is being shot moving in second mode in the second portion of time cycle.When cycle time forms the time slot of fixed time length, in preceding half time slot, according to the perturbation vector with the positive direction antenna weighting that perturbs.And in half time slot in back, the perturbation vector is applied to antenna weighting, so that with negative direction perturbation weighting.
In another aspect of the present invention, the receiving station's measurement that receives the information of being transmitted by dispatching station on communication channel comprises the power level of the received signal of the information of being transmitted by dispatching station.In half time slot of preceding half time slot and back, carry out independently measurement of power levels.Determine the poor of the power level in half and half time slot that separates, measured.And the indication of the difference of being calculated turned back to dispatching station.
And, in another aspect of the present invention, dispatching station detects the transmission of the indication of institute's calculated difference of carrying out in receiving station, and utilizes this class to indicate and adjust antenna weighting, according to this antenna weighting, the information signal that sends to receiving station for dispatching station is weighted subsequently.
In one implementation, the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique is used to have the cellular communication system of the base transceiver station of the space diversity utilized.Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity is provided, selects,, be weighted for the down link signal that is delivered to travelling carriage by base transceiver station according to this antenna weighting so that optimize antenna weighting.The perturbation vector is applied to the antenna weighting element with the positive and negative direction in the separate section of time cycle.Signal after the weighting sends to travelling carriage and detected at this place by base transceiver station.Travelling carriage is measured the power level of the signal that detects at this place in first and second parts of time slot, and the difference of the power level of measuring in first and second parts of time slot is turned back to base transceiver station.The value that turns back to base transceiver station is used to adjust antenna weighting in base transceiver station.Thereby provide Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity.Owing to utilized the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique, therefore follow the tracks of and utilize long-term covariance matrix, select antenna weighting according to it.And the quantity of the transmitting antenna that antenna weighting selection and base transceiver station or other dispatching station are used is irrelevant.
Therefore, aspect these and other, for the communication system with first communication station and second communication station provides equipment and correlation technique.First communication station transmits signal of communication to the second communication station.Signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power by the first weighting element of first communication station in the first weighting element of first communication station.In addition, signal of communication adopts at least the second antenna power to be weighted at least in the second weighting element of first communication station.Promoted the optimization of the selection of first and at least the second antenna power.The perturbation vector selector is coupled to first communication station.The perturbation vector selector is selected at least the first group perturbation vector value, thereby forms at least the first selected perturbation vector.Perturbation vector applicator is coupled to the perturbation vector selector.Perturbation vector applicator is applied to the first and at least the second weighting element to the perturbation value that forms at least the first selected perturbation vector.The perturbation that is applied to the first and at least the second weighting element is worth to small part and has determined first and at least the second antenna power.
And, aspect these and other, for have first communication station, second communication station and at least the communication system at the third communication station equipment and correlation technique are provided.Signal of communication is transmitted to the second communication station alternatively jointly in first communication station and third communication station.Signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power in the first weighting element of first communication station.Signal of communication adopts at least the second antenna power to be weighted at least in the second weighting element of first communication station.In addition, signal of communication is weighted on the 3rd weighting element at third communication station alternatively at least.First, second and the optimization of the selection of third antenna power have at least been promoted.The perturbation vector selector is coupled to first communication station and third communication station.The perturbation vector selector is selected at least the first group perturbation vector value, thereby forms at least the first selected perturbation vector.In addition, perturbation vector applicator is coupled to the perturbation vector selector.Perturbation vector applicator selects the perturbation value that forms at least the first selected perturbation vector is applied to the first and at least the second weighting element of first communication station.Perturbation vector applicator is also selected the perturbation value that forms at least the first perturbation vector is applied to third antenna weighting element alternatively.Be applied to first, second and optionally the perturbation of at least the three weighting element be worth to small part and determined first and at least the second antenna to weigh.
By the following detailed description and the appended claims of the accompanying drawing of following general introduction, currently preferred embodiment of the present invention, can obtain understanding more comprehensively to the present invention and scope thereof.
Brief description
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of theory diagram of communication system, and wherein, one embodiment of the present of invention can help to select the optimal antenna weighting, according to this antenna weighting the signal that transmits in the communication system course of work are weighted.
The expression of the certainty perturbation gradient approximation technique that Fig. 2 explanation is adopted in the course of work of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates the expression to certainty perturbation gradient approximation technique similar, that adopt shown in Figure 2 in the course of work of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates a method flow diagram, has wherein listed the method for work of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 5 explanation and similar theory diagram shown in Figure 1, but be the communication system of representing in the handoff procedure here.
Fig. 6 illustrates the theory diagram of the part of communication system shown in Figure 5.
The theory diagram of the part of the same explanation of Fig. 7 communication system shown in Figure 5.
Describe in detail
At first with reference to Fig. 1, totally be expressed as between the communication station that 10 radio communications system separates in two positions by the radio channel interconnection transmitting and receiving service is provided.Here, first in the communication station forms the base transceiver station (BTS) 12 of cellular communication system.And second travelling carriage 14 that formation is worked in cellular communication system equally in the communication station.
Radio communicating channel at radio link, here be on forward link channel 16 and the reverse chain channel 18 definition.The information from base station transceiver station that sends to travelling carriage transmits on forward link channel 16.In addition, being used to of initiating on the travelling carriage 14 is delivered to the information of base transceiver station and transmits on reverse chain channel 18.
Communication system 10 is the demonstrations according to the cellular communication system of any structure in some different cellular standards.For example, base transceiver station and travelling carriage be can be according to CDMA (code division multiple access) communication plan, come the demonstration of the device of work as 3G-CDMA (third generation CDMA) communication standard.The work of one embodiment of the present of invention can and can advantageously be used in the communication system of other type of Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity and work equally certainly at the cellular communication system of other type.
Base transceiver station constitutes the part of the radio access network that also comprises radio network controller (RNC) 22.In addition, radio network controller is coupled to (MSC) 24 of mobile switching centre and gateway (GWY) 26 again.Mobile switching centre and gateway also form the part of radio access network.
Public switch telephone network (PSTN) 28 is coupled in mobile switching centre.In addition, gateway be coupled to Packet Data Network (PDN) 32, as internet backbone.Corresponding node (CN) 34 is expressed as and is coupled to Packet Data Network and PSTN.Corresponding node be the communication system duration of work from wherein routing iinformation or information be routed to wherein data source or the demonstration of data destination.
Base transceiver station 12 comprises receiving unit of being represented by receiving circuit 36 and the transmission part of being represented by transtation mission circuit 38.To be converted into the form that allows it on forward link channel 16, to transmit by the forward link signal that base transceiver station is delivered to travelling carriage by transtation mission circuit.In addition, closed loop feedback information turns back to base transceiver station by travelling carriage by reverse chain channel 18.
Travelling carriage 14 also comprises receiving unit of being represented by receiving circuit 40 and the transmission part of being represented by transtation mission circuit 42.Receiving circuit is used to receive the forward link signal that base transceiver station sends and operates on it on forward link channel 16.In addition, transtation mission circuit 42 is used for sending reverse link signal to base transceiver station on reverse chain channel 18.
Here, base transceiver station and travelling carriage all comprise a plurality of antenna transducer, and base transceiver station-travelling carriage constitutes MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) system.Base transceiver station comprises that N antenna transducer 44-1 is to 44-N.In addition, travelling carriage comprises M antenna transducer, and promptly antenna transducer 46-1 is to 46-M.Here, antenna transducer 44 and 46 is coupled to the transmission and the receiving circuit of base transceiver station and travelling carriage respectively.
Transtation mission circuit 38 comprises encoder 52, and it is encoded to the data that are provided to wherein by circuit 54, thereby forms coded data on circuit 56.Circuit 56 is coupled to first input end of up-converter mixer 58, and raising frequency mixed frequency signal v (t) is applied to second input terminal of up-converter mixer by circuit 62.On circuit 64, produce the raising frequency mixed frequency signal.
Circuit 64 comprises the branch road that separates that is used for the raising frequency mixed frequency signal is applied to antenna transducer 44 separately. Weighting element 66 and 68 is connected in the branch road that separates of circuit 64.That is to say that a branch road of circuit 64 is coupled to the input terminal of weighting element 66, and second branch road of circuit 64 is coupled to the input terminal of weighting element 68. Circuit 72 and 74 also is coupled to antenna weighting element 66 and 68 respectively.The value that produces on circuit 72 and 74 has determined to be applied to the weighting of raising frequency mixed frequency signal.In case signal is through after the weighting, these signals are applied to antenna transducer, change therein.Before being added to antenna transducer, raising frequency mixing and other operation that the signal after the weighting is added.
Base transceiver station also comprises the equipment 78 of one embodiment of the present of invention.Equipment 78 is adjusted at the weighted value that produces on the circuit 72,74 and be applied to respectively on the weighting element 66,68, and its mode helps to select according to the optimal antenna weighting of the closed loop transmit diversity scheme of one embodiment of the present of invention.The element of constitution equipment is represented in any required mode on function and is realized, for example by the executable algorithm of treatment circuit.This equipment comprises perturbation vector selector 82, and it is used for selecting the perturbation vector that constitutes from the vector value of perturbation vector buffer 84 retrievals.Selector 82 selected perturbation vectors are provided to perturbation vector applicator 84, with chosen manner the perturbation vector are applied to antenna weighting element 66 and 68.The weighting of perturbation vector perturbation antenna weighting element, from and the value of the signal changed of perturbation antenna transducer 44.Forward link signal that produce on forward link channel 16, employing perturbation vector weighting is passed to travelling carriage 14.The signal that antenna transducer 46 detects is converted into electric form, and is provided to receiving circuit 40 and operates on it therein.
Travelling carriage also comprises the equipment 78 of one embodiment of the present of invention.The equipment 78 that is arranged in the travelling carriage comprises detector 88, and it is used to detect and measure the perturbation indication of the power level of the signal that base transceiver station produces and transmit by forward link channel 16.Here, the indication of the power level of measuring-signal, and its indication is provided to transtation mission circuit, so that pass back to base transceiver station.In case be returned to base transceiver station, the indication of the detection that detector carries out is used to adjust follow-up antenna weighting, and weighting element 66 and 68 comes the signal that is applied to wherein is weighted according to it.
Equipment 78 is used to provide deterministic perturbation gradient approximate, and it provides the tracking of long-term feedback.The certainty perturbation gradient approximation technique that the equipment 78 of one embodiment of the present of invention is adopted is based upon at random on the perturbation gradient approximation method (SPGA).Optimisation technique is utilized sometimes and is called the process that gradient descends.
One of most important method that adopts in the optimization document is called gradient and descends.It relate to adaptively in vector space with this space in the corresponding some convergence of global minimum (or maximum) of the cost function that defines.In adaptive each iteration, form the estimated value of the gradient of cost function, revise the estimated value of best vector, make it move along the direction of gradient vector.This process can be revealed as the bottom that moves near the cost function recess in each time iteration in the three-dimensional that comprises the two-dimensional vector space.
The most widely used gradient search technology is gradient search at random, and it is used for adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering in lowest mean square (LMS) algorithm.One of feature of adaptive time domain FIR filtering is, in these class problem representations of great majority, filter imported the random vector process, and it is identical with the dimension of filter, so can be used to estimated cost functional gradient vector.
Under some other situation, for example neural network learning needs to use other method to draw gradient vector.Wherein a kind of method is called simultaneously perturbation gradient approximation technique at random, wherein, in each iteration, research is perturbed at random to the influence of cost function, and, the direction of the estimated value of best vector towards the perturbation vector moved or make it away from this direction according to this influence.
Above-mentioned perturbation technique at random has been applied to the problem of the transmission subspace tracking of Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity and MIMO.In order to allow this SPGA technical feasibility, used dedicated pilot, they carry the estimated cost function based on perturbation power.Dedicated pilot also is used for carrying out to received signal coherent demodulation, because the mean value of the dedicated pilot on two time slots provides coherent demodulation required weighting compound channel estimated value.But, in many suggestions about the high-speed packet access wireless systems, the basic regulation that does not have about dedicated pilot (channel).Therefore, existing SPGA technology can't not realize in having this class environment of user's special pilot.
Another shortcoming of existing SPGA technology is that dedicated pilot adopts the power identical with service signal to send usually, with the nonspecific antenna pilot of user, below be called public guide frequency and compare, this power is quite low.This fact causes the quality of channel estimation to descend, thereby causes the decline of link performance equally.
A kind of feasible method of the reliability of increase channel estimated value is to use the channel estimated value and the combination that is used in the estimated value of the power on the transmitter from public guide frequency.If the same group of vector that perturbs at random that is used on the transmitter can be replicated on mobile receiver, then in fact these power can be moved platform and know.This relates in base station and travelling carriage operates compound randomizer with the method for synchronization.Complexity and stationary problem make this method become nonconforming alternative.
The use of the certainty perturbation gradient approximation technique of one embodiment of the present of invention has solved above-mentioned two kinds of problems.At first, proposed deterministic perturbation, it makes does not need to operate two synchronous random vector generators.Secondly, proposed from the method for professional code book body extraction cost function, making does not need the specific pilot tone of user.
The purpose of this algorithm is the optimal antenna power w that estimation is used to transmit.If H Pk=[h Plk... h Plk] M * L, h wherein PlkBe p the antenna of expression from the M-antennamitter to receiver with N antenna, at the M-length vector of the fading channel coefficient of time k, L path wherein arranged from each transmitting antenna to each reception antenna.Received signal power is by P r=w HR kW provides, wherein R k = Σ p = 0 N - 1 Σ l = 0 L - 1 h plk h plk H Be channel covariance matrices.
For the best weights that makes the received signal power maximum is provided by following formula:
w = arg max w w H R k w w H w . Equation 1
Separating by following formula of this optimization provides:
W k=u o, wherein
R k＝UΛU H，
U＝[u O...u M-1]，
Λ＝diag(λ 0λ 1，...，λ M-1)，
Λ=diag (λ 0〉=λ 1..., λ M-1), equation 2
In (2), u OBe called main eigenvector or be called R kPrincipal component.If the time average estimated value of covariance matrix R ^ k = Σ n = k - T k R n Be used for optimizing, then the long-term covariance of these power tracking channels.The cost function that is maximized from (1), obtain into:
J k = w k H R ^ k w k w k H w k Equation 3 and can show that this cost function is for vector w kGradient be expressed as by the first approximation of taylor series expansion
g k = ∂ J k ∂ w k = 2 R ^ k w k w k H w k Equation 4
The self adaptation of weight vector itself is represented by iteration
W K+1=w k+ μ g equation 5
From equation 4, be clear that, can on receiver, form the estimated value of gradient.In many cases, must on receiver, carry out self adaptation.But here, self adaptation must be carried out on transmitter.By reverse link feedback whole M xl gradient vector is unpractiaca.
The perturbation algorithm is to provide method to the approximation of the gradient of cost function by minimum feedback to transmitter.On two cycles continuous time, current weight vector is perturbed is
w e＝w k+βΔw k
w o=w k+ β Δ w kEquation 6
The influence of research perturbation on receiver is shown below:
c = w e H · R ^ k w e w e H w e - w o H R ^ k w o w o H w o Equation 7
Notice that c is real scalar.Be also noted that in addition covariance matrix is constant during being assumed to be at the execution perturbation.In perturbation technique at random, known when perturbation is made of the complex vector that generates at random, amount E[c Δ w k] be and true gradient vector g kProportional vector, wherein E[.] the expression expectation operator.In addition, only the amount of allowing sgn (c) to replace c just enough.This is because sgn (c) can be considered as the high quantization form of c, wherein has 1 quantification.Therefore, sgn (c)=c+ γ, wherein γ is a quantizing noise, is assumed to uncorrelated with the statistical value of c usually.
Main thought is that one group of employing or pr-set vector are used for perturbation, and cycles through them.The test that whether meets the following conditions about state from the vector of the complete perturbation collection that is used for this purpose
E Δ w[c Δ w]=+ ∝ g k, equation 8 is as the situation of perturbation at random.
Be perfectly clear any one group of perturbation vector Δ w ∈ (δ w at first, intuitively 1, δ w 2..., δ w k) must be such, make any any M dimension complex vector to be expressed as
x + jy = Σ i a k δ w i ,
w i∈ R equation 9
This condition is necessary because the following fact: the iterative solution of power be have the full scale factor the perturbation vector linearity and, this and must be able to represent any point in the vector space.
If Q M=[q 0, q 1..., q M-1] be the orthonormal set of M length vector.Then provable, set
Q ~ M = [ Q M jQ M ] Equation 10 forms complete perturbation collection.
Known any any complex vector X can be expressed as from Q MVector linearity and, promptly have α i(=α Real, i+ j α Imag, i), i=0 ..., M-1 makes
X = Σ i a i q i Equation 11
But above-mentioned linearity and can being rewritten as
X = Σ i α real . i q i + Σ i j α imag . i q i
= Σ i α real . i q i + Σ i α imag . i ( j q i ) Equation 12
Therefore, any any vector in the complex space can utilize real coefficient to be expressed as In vector linearity and.
Below must determine
Figure A0381081700216
Satisfy the condition in (8).
cΔw = w e H R ^ k w e w e H w e - w o H R ^ k w o w o H w o Δw
= w k + βΔw ) H R ^ k ( w k + βΔw ) ( w k + βΔw ) H ( w k + βΔw ) - w k - βΔw ) H R ^ k ( w k - βΔw ) ( w k - βΔw ) H ( w k - βΔw ) Δw Equation 13 supposition denominators can be scaled=(w k+ β Δ w) H(w k+ β Δ w) ≈ w k-β Δ w) H(w k-β Δ w) ≈ w k Hw k,
cΔw = 2 β | | w k | | 2 ( w k H R ^ k Δw + Δw H R ^ k w k ) Δw Equation 14
Utilize the gradient of (4) approximate, following formula can be rewritten as
C Δ w=2 β (g k HΔ w+w Hg k) Δ w equation 15 vector Δ w are with equal probability Have and equal Q ~ M = [ Q M jQ M ] The value of any row.Therefore,
E [ cΔw ] = β M [ Σ i ( g k H q i + q i H g k ) q i ] + β M [ Σ i ( g k H j q i + j q i H g k ) j q i ]
= β M [ 2 Σ i ( q i H g k ) q i ]
= 2 β M Q M Q M H g k
= 2 β M g k Equation 16
Because Q is arranged according to definition MQ M H=I M
Like this, any orthonormal set of vector can be used to form the perturbation collection that is used to transmit subspace tracking.Some examples of orthonormal set are set of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) (DFT) vector or discrete cosine transform (DCT) vector.
The convergence of DPGA method can be expressed as to perturbation method is similar at random.The randomness of perturbation has been described as the necessary condition that restrains.It seems that one of consideration be that deterministic perturbation will cause that inclined to one side estimated value is arranged.Another consideration is to have only perturbation at random just to produce the assurance convergence of global minimum.From this viewpoint, iterative algorithm only just is absorbed in local minimum in following condition: cost function surface all directions relevant with each perturbation vector on this local minimum are smooth.The probability of happening of this situation may be less, especially the time become in the fading channel environment.
Must in mobile receiver, obtain the amount g in (7) 1A kind of method is the pilot signal that emission is weighted with perturbation power.This pilot tone will be that the user is distinctive, therefore require to distribute to this user's secondary power.Notice that service signal itself will adopt the weight vector that obtains by the self adaptation in the last iteration, be w kBe weighted, and dedicated pilot will adopt w successively k+ β Δ w] and w k-β Δ w] be weighted.
An alternative approach of using during demonstration realizes is to use Traffic Channel itself to obtain cost function.Suppose that in each moment service signal adopts the perturbation weights to be weighted.Consideration is at the reception service signal of antenna p, after spread spectrum, when using perturbation power w e=w k+ β Δ w] time, be s when sending symbol:
r p=w e HH p s+ n, equation 17
Ignore time index.The simple amount of obtaining w e H R ^ k w e Estimated value be 1 | s | 2 Σ p γ p γ p . When adopting as constant modulus schemes such as QPSK, 8PSK, send symbol energy become eliminable, but to multistage scheme, must consider as 16-QAM.Equally, in the next time interval, on Traffic Channel, use perturbation vector w e=w k-β Δ w, and estimation output w o H R ^ k w o . Therefore, amount sgn (c) can estimate according to (7).Use Traffic Channel itself to help above-mentioned adaptive unique shortcoming and be, all the time from the value of the self adaptation regulation applied actual power that perturbs.That is to say that the power of adaptive algorithm defined is w k, but used actual power is w eOr w oBut because β is less amount, so this perturbation is not obvious to the influence of algorithm performance.
Fig. 2 devices illustrated 78 is represented its demonstration, optimizes the antenna weighting of weighting element, so that optimize the communication of mailing to travelling carriage on the forward link.
Among the figure, the element shown in lines 92 left sides (as shown in the figure) is illustrated in the operation that base transceiver station is carried out.And the function shown in lines 92 right sides (as shown in the figure) is carried out on travelling carriage 14.The weighted value of the antenna weighting of being represented by weight vector is initialized to the known little complex vector value of null value or travelling carriage and base transceiver station at first.Then, shown in function 94, from predetermined vector set, select the perturbation vector with predefined procedure at time slot k.
At the first half of time slot k, transmission route is perturbed with positive direction, thereby produces w e, and forward was weighted by perturbation power before by antenna transducer 44 conversions.These operations are by function 96 expressions.
And, time slot k back half, transmission route is produced w with negative direction by perturbation o, and the forward signal was weighted by perturbation power before by antenna transducer 44 conversions.These operations are by function 98 expressions.In addition, these values are delayed, by the operator D of frame 102 expressions -1Expression.
At travelling carriage, equipment 78 is used for measuring at the two halves of time slot k the power level of received signal.Shown in function 104, in the first half of time slot, after proofreading and correct, the amplitude that sends symbol for modulation obtains received power P eIn addition, the operator D that represents by function 106 -1This value is operated.Back in half at time slot k obtains received power P o, shown in function 108.Then, determine the poor of them, and determine its single bit representation, shown in function 112, and return to base transceiver station as feedback.
For subsequent timeslot k+1, in case detect feedback at base transceiver station, antenna weighting is updated, shown in function 114.
In continuous slot, carry out subsequent iteration.In addition, utilize the feedback of returning by base transceiver station, can carry out similar operations at travelling carriage.
Fig. 3 devices illustrated 78, expression help to select to be applied to the weighted value on the weighting element of dispatching station so that be optimized to the demonstration of an alternative embodiment of the invention of the communication on the forward link of travelling carriage.
In this realization, when the perturbation here when travelling carriage is carried out, function 102 and 106 expressions, relevant with the operation of embodiment shown in Figure 2 delays are cancelled.
Equally, in the drawings, the operation that element representation shown in lines 92 left sides (as shown in the figure) is carried out at base transceiver station.In addition, the function shown in lines 92 right sides (as shown in the figure) is carried out on travelling carriage 14 equally.
Function 116 expressions produce pilot signal by base transceiver station, are used for to travelling carriage, transmit as travelling carriage 14.In addition, as described herein, the formation of the value of the function 118 expression vector R on the travelling carriage.The indication of the value that function R produced is provided to function P eAnd P o122,124.
Function 122 and 124 also is coupled to the function 94 that is arranged on the travelling carriage here.The corresponding function of safeguarding on function 94 maintenances and the base transceiver station 94 is synchronous.Function 94 is illustrated in the selection of the perturbation vector that time slot k selects with predefined procedure from predetermined vector set.
Function 122 and 124 is provided for difference function 112, and difference function 112 is used for determining the single bit representation of the difference of definite value on function 122 and 124 respectively.Difference is returned to base transceiver station, and is used for adjusting weighted value, shown in piece 126, is weighted according to the weighted value of this value to antenna weighting.
Fig. 4 illustrates and totally is expressed as 134 method, the method for work of its expression one embodiment of the present of invention.This method helps to optimize antenna power to be selected, and according to this antenna power the signal that produces in the radio communications system that utilizes Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity is weighted.
At first, shown in frame 136, select the first selected perturbation selector of forming by the perturbation value at least.Then, shown in frame 138, at least the first selected perturbation vector is applied to the antenna weighting element of dispatching station.Then, shown in frame 142, signal of communication is sent to the second communication station after in a single day being weighted according to first and at least the second antenna power.
Thereby by the operation of one embodiment of the present of invention, provide a kind of mode,, utilized single position value of feedback to select the antenna weighting element sending the antenna weighting that signal is weighted according to this mode.The precision that improves is provided,, rather than has only followed the tracks of the short-period fading process because utilize long-term covariance matrix.In addition, carrying out antenna weighting selects the quantity of the required employed transmitting antenna of feedback quantity and dispatching station irrelevant.
Wherein the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique also relates to soft switching process with one embodiment of the present of invention that the base station is used.Soft switching process is used to for example can be according to the cellular communication system of above-mentioned 3G-CDMA communication standard and other communication standard work.In soft switching process, that travelling carriage receives on Traffic Channel simultaneously is a plurality of, be the data that two or more base stations send.Active set is safeguarded by travelling carriage or is relevant with travelling carriage.Active set is listed the signal level of its signal, is better than the adjacent base station of selected thresholding as signal strength signal intensity.
At the duration of work of this cellular communication system, the base station pilot signal transmitted.The signal strength signal intensity of the pilot signal that the selected adjacent base station of moving table measuring sends.When the signal strength signal intensity of the pilot signal that sends when the base station was moved platform and is defined as greater than selected thresholding, travelling carriage was to the indication of this judgement of network-reporting.Become the part of the active set relevant with travelling carriage from the base station of pilot signal transmitted wherein.The business datum that is delivered to travelling carriage to be passed is to be transmitted by all base stations of the active set relevant with travelling carriage.By same mode,, from active set, delete the base station selectively when the pilot signal that wherein produces drops to when being lower than selected thresholding.Therefore, when the moving between cells of travelling carriage at cellular communication system, can continue and this travelling carriage between the business transferring data because a series of base station constitutes the active set relevant with this travelling carriage.When two or more base stations are the part of active set, be considered to occur soft switching process.
When the one or more base stations that relate to handoff procedure utilized antenna weighting, the use of deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique helped antenna weighting to select precision.Before handoff procedure and afterwards, the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique carries out with reference to embodiment shown in Fig. 1-4 is described according to above.In addition, in handoff procedure, also use the deterministic perturbation gradient approximation technique, here, wherein the antenna weighting perturbation is applied on the antenna weighting element of more corresponding base stations.
Fig. 5 represents a kind of radio communications system, and is similar to communication system shown in Figure 1, equally totally is expressed as 10 here.This communication system comprises network portion equally, and by this part, travelling carriage 14 communicates by forward direction and reverse chain channel.Shown in the network portion of this embodiment comprise two base stations 12, be expressed as 12-1 and 12-2 here.The base station is by forming with the front essentially identical function element of function element shown in Figure 1, thereby constitutes with reference to the described base station 12 of Fig. 1.Common with reference to shown in Figure 1 and element corresponding elements base station 12-1 and 12-2.In addition, the description of the operation of the element of this common reference can be referring to the description of prior figures 1.Base station 12-1 and 12-2 are illustrated in the base station of forming the part of active set in the handoff procedure.The part of active set also can be formed in other base station 12, and Fig. 5 can correspondingly represent other base station of this class.
Here, shared device 78 between base station 12-1 and the 12-2.Because equipment 78 is represented with function, so this equipment can realize that equally element is wherein shared, is arranged on one of base station by base station 12-1 and goes up, is set to separate with the base station or be distributed in therebetween with 12-2 by any required mode.
In handoff procedure, when data sent to travelling carriage by base station 12-1 and 12-2, the perturbation selector produced some values on circuit 72 and 74, the antenna weighting of the antenna element of two base stations of perturbation.That is to say that in handoff procedure, the perturbation vector value is applied on the antenna weighting element of additives amount.The modification of deterministic perturbation gradient algorithm is undertaken by the length that increases employed perturbation vector, selects the size of the vector set of perturbation vector also to be increased from certainty wherein.The buffer 84 of the vector of buffer memory perturbation therein here is expressed as and comprises the first set 84-1 and the second set 84-2.First set be first size and vector be first length.Second set be second size and vector be second length.In handoff procedure, vector from second the set choose, with and value be applied on the antenna weighting element of two base stations.
The each several part of Fig. 6 explanation base station 12-1 of the duration of work of communication system under non-switching condition.Equally, equipment 78 produces some values on circuit 72 and 74, and these values are applied to antenna weighting element 66 and 68.Here, the perturbation vector is chosen from the first set 84-1.
Fig. 7 explanation the base station 12-1 of the duration of work of communication system and the part of 12-2 under switching condition.Here, equipment 78 produces some values on the circuit 72 and 74 of the antenna weighting element that extends to base station 12-1 separately and 12-2.In addition, here, the perturbation vector is chosen from the second set 84-2.
More in general, when being in soft handoff condition, P the base station that respectively has M antenna sends data to mobile node.The value of M is different for each possibility in P the base station.But for convenience of explanation, here each base station is regarded as having the antenna of equal number.The antenna sum that is used to launch then is PM.When utilizing the deterministic perturbation gradient algorithm, along with the length increase of employed perturbation vector, feedback velocity is still uninfluenced.That is to say that vector set 84-2 comprises 2PM vector w PM, q, q=0 wherein ..., 2PM-1, each length is PM.The perturbation vector rotates in this set, and feedback keep with non-switching condition during use the same.
When soft switching process began, the active set of travelling carriage was increased to and comprises additional base station, and the replacement and the expansion of the vector set that begins to perturb.The perturbation algorithm is proceeded with new longer weight vector.In one implementation, perturbation is from first vector of expanded set.In addition, according to the operation during the non-switching condition, preceding (P-1) M element of expansion weight vector is in self adaptation and converge to certain value.When soft switching process began, element began self adaptation converging to new optimum value again, and other element begins self adaptation.
In demonstration realized, the order that power is applied to the antenna weighting element was clear and definite.For example, derive in the order of the base station 12 of information from the active set buffer and the understanding the antenna amount in each base station.This information can be used for all base stations and travelling carriage.
Therefore, in conjunction with as described in Fig. 5-7, the relevant technology of Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity a kind of and in the soft handover is proposed as herein.The use of deterministic perturbation algorithm is extended to soft handoff condition, helps the communication during these conditions.
More than explanation is to realize preferred embodiment of the present invention, and scope of the present invention should not necessarily illustrate thus and limits.Scope of the present invention is defined by following claim.

Claims (40)

1. has first communication station, second communication station and at least in the communication system at third communication station, signal of communication is transmitted to described second communication station selectively jointly in described first communication station and described third communication station, in the first weighting element of described first communication station, described signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power, at least in the second weighting element of described first communication station, adopt at least the second antenna power that described signal of communication is weighted, and in the 3rd weighting element at described third communication station, described signal of communication is weighted at least selectively, a kind of being used for helps to optimize described first respectively, second and the improvement of the equipment of the selection of third antenna power at least, described equipment comprises:
The perturbation vector selector is coupled to described first communication station and described third communication station, and described perturbation vector selector is used for selecting at least the first group perturbation vector value, thereby forms at least the first selected perturbation vector; And
Perturbation vector applicator, be coupled to described perturbation vector selector, the perturbation that described perturbation vector applicator is used to select to form the described at least the first selected perturbation vector is worth the applying of the first and at least the second weighting element of described first communication station, and the described perturbation that also is used to selectively to select form the described at least the first perturbation vector is worth applying of described third antenna weighting element, be applied to described first, second and selectively the described perturbation of at least the three weighting element be worth to small part and determined described first and at least the second antenna to weigh.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described communication system comprises the mobile communication system with network portion, and the part of described network portion is formed at described first communication station and described third communication station, and realizes described perturbation vector applicator in described network portion.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also realizes described perturbation vector selector in described network portion.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described second communication station comprises travelling carriage, described network portion is carried out according to soft switching process with the switching of communicating by letter between the described travelling carriage, and described signal of communication transmits by described first communication station and described third communication station in described soft switching process, and the described perturbation value that described perturbation vector applicator produces is applied to described first and third communication station at least respectively in described soft switching process.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising can be by the perturbation vector buffer of described perturbation vector selector access, and described perturbation vector buffer is used for buffer memory can be for described at least the first group perturbation vector value of described perturbation vector selector selection.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described at least the first group perturbation vector value of buffer memory has first vector length size alternatively and has the second vector length size in described perturbation vector buffer.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, when described signal of communication is delivered to described second communication station by described first communication station rather than described third communication station, described perturbation vector selector is selected described at least first group of perturbation vector value, thereby forms the described at least the first selected perturbation vector with described first vector length size.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, when described signal of communication is delivered to described second communication station by described first communication station and described third communication station, described perturbation vector selector is selected described at least the first group perturbation vector value, thereby forms the described at least the first selected perturbation vector with described second vector length size.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first vector length size of the described vector of buffer memory allows its first perturbation value to be selected being applied to the described first weighting element of described first communication station by described perturbation vector applicator in the described first perturbation vector buffer, and allows its second perturbation value to be selected to be applied to the described second antenna weighting element of described first communication station by described perturbation vector applicator.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first vector length size of the described vector of buffer memory allows its first perturbation value to be selected to be applied to the described first weighting element of described first communication station by described perturbation vector applicator in the described first perturbation vector buffer, allow its second perturbation value to select being applied to the described second antenna weighting element of described first communication station, and allow its 3rd perturbation value to select to be applied to the described third antenna weighting element at described third communication station by described perturbation vector applicator by described perturbation vector applicator.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described at least the first selected perturbation vector is chosen from the perturbation vector set, and described perturbation vector selector is selected the perturbation vector sequence, and the described perturbation vector of described sequence is deterministic.
12. in communication system as claimed in claim 7, be used for described second communication station and also be used to help optimize described first, second and the optionally further improvement of the equipment of the selection of third antenna power at least, described equipment comprises:
Detector, be coupled to described second communication station, described detector is used to detect the mark relevant with described signal of communication, described signal of communication after being delivered to described second communication station, according to described first antenna power, described second antenna power and optionally another described power of third antenna at least be weighted.
13. be used for having first communication station, in second communication station and the method that communicates in the communication system at third communication station at least, described first communication station is used for signal of communication is delivered to described second communication station, in the first weighting element of described first communication station, described signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power, at least in the second weighting element of described first communication station, adopt at least the second antenna power that described signal of communication is weighted, and described signal of communication is weighted in the 3rd weighting element at described third communication station according to third antenna power at least alternatively, a kind of being used for helps to optimize described first respectively, second and the optionally improvement of the method for the selection of third antenna power, described method comprises:
At least the first selected perturbation vector that selection is made up of the perturbation value;
The more selected described first and at least the second antenna weighting element that is applied in the described perturbation value of forming the described at least the first selected perturbation vector, the described perturbation that is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element is worth to small part and has determined described first and at least the second antenna to weigh;
Alternatively the other at least selected perturbation value of the described at least the first selected perturbation vector is applied to described the 3rd weighting element; And
After being weighted according to described first and at least the second antenna power and being weighted according to described third antenna power alternatively, described signal of communication is sent to described second communication station.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that also comprising following operation:
Detection sends to the described signal of communication at described second communication station;
Determine the mark relevant with described signal of communication; And
The judgement that response is carried out in described definite operating process and feedback flag is returned to described first communication station.
15. method as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described second communication station comprises travelling carriage, described network portion is carried out according to soft switching process with the switching of communicating by letter between the described travelling carriage, and described additional at least selected perturbation value is applied in the described operating process that applies alternatively in described soft switching process.
16. method as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that also being included in the following operation before the described operation that applies alternatively: determine whether described soft switching process is carried out, and response is carried out the described operation that applies alternatively to determining of carrying out of described soft switching process in described definite operating process.
17. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the described at least the first selected perturbation vector that selected perturbation value is formed in described selection operation process has first vector length size alternatively and has the second vector length size.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, when described signal of communication was delivered to described second communication station by described first communication station rather than described third communication station, the described first selected perturbation vector was selected as having the described first vector length size in described selection operation process.
19. method as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, when described signal of communication was delivered to described second communication station by described first communication station and described third communication station, the described first selected perturbation vector was selected as having the described second vector length size in described selection operation process.
20. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described selection operation comprises selects the perturbation vector sequence, and the described perturbation sequence of described sequence is scheduled to.
21. in communication system with first communication station and second communication station, described first communication station is used for transmitting signal of communication to described second communication station, in the first weighting element of described first communication station, described signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power, and in the second weighting element of described first communication station, adopt at least the second antenna power that described signal of communication is weighted at least, a kind of improvement of equipment of the selection that is used to help to optimize respectively described first and at least the second antenna power, described equipment comprises:
The perturbation vector selector is coupled to described first communication station, and described perturbation vector selector is used for selecting at least the first group perturbation vector value, thereby forms at least the first selected perturbation vector; And
Perturbation vector applicator, be coupled to described perturbation vector selector, described perturbation vector applicator is used to select a described perturbation value of forming the described at least the first selected perturbation vector is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element, and the described perturbation that is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element is worth to small part and has determined described first and at least the second antenna to weigh.
22. equipment as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that also comprising can be by the perturbation vector buffer of described perturbation vector selector access, and described perturbation vector buffer is used for buffer memory can be for described at least the first group perturbation vector value of described perturbation vector selector selection.
23. equipment as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, each a plurality of perturbation vector of being made up of one group of perturbation vector value of described perturbation vector buffer buffer memory.
24. equipment as claimed in claim 23, it is characterized in that the described at least the first selected perturbation vector that described at least the first group perturbation vector value is formed is by choosing in described a plurality of perturbation vectors of described perturbation vector selector from be buffered in described perturbation vector buffer.
25. equipment as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described perturbation vector selector is selected the perturbation vector sequence, and described sequence is selected according to selected order.
26. equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described perturbation vector applicator is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element to the described at least the first selected perturbation vector in first mode in the first of selected time cycle.
27. equipment as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described perturbation vector applicator is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element to the described at least the first selected perturbation vector in second mode in the second portion of described selected time cycle.
28. equipment as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that, it is along positive direction that described perturbation vector applies described first mode that the described at least the first selected perturbation vector taked, and described perturbation vector to apply described second mode that the described at least the first selected perturbation vector taked be along negative direction.
29. equipment as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described communication system defines the time slot of selected time span, and the described selected time cycle that wherein said perturbation vector applicator applies the described at least the first selected perturbation vector comprises time slot.
30. equipment as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, wherein said perturbation vector applicator applies the first of described time slot of the described at least the first perturbation vector and the basic part that equates that second portion comprises described time slot.
31. equipment as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, described communication system comprises multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radio communications system with fixed network part, described first communication station forms the part of described fixed network part, and described perturbation vector selector and described perturbation vector applicator partly realize in described fixed network.
32. in communication system as claimed in claim 27, the further improvement of equipment that is used for described second communication station and also is used to help optimize the selection of described first and at least the second antenna power, described equipment comprises:
Detector is coupled to described second communication station, and described detector is used to detect the mark relevant with described signal of communication, and described signal of communication is weighted according to described first antenna power and described at least second antenna power after being delivered to described second communication station.
33. equipment as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, the described mark that described detector detects is included in the energy grade that detects in the described selected time cycle and chooses mark.
34. equipment as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described detector is also determined poor between the described energy grade mark of correlation that detects during described energy grade mark of correlation that detects during the described first and the described second portion.
35. equipment as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described detector forms the single bit representation of described difference.
36. equipment as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that also comprising feedback generator, it is coupled to described detector and is illustrated in the wherein value of determined described difference with reception, described feedback generator is used to produce the feedback index signal of the described difference of expression, and described feedback index signal is used to be transmitted back to described first communication station.
37. equipment as claimed in claim 36, it is characterized in that also comprising the feedback detector that is arranged on described first communication station, described feedback detector is used to detect the described feedback index signal that is transmitted back to described first communication station and is used to indicate according to described first antenna power and described second antenna weighs the renewal of carrying out the weighting that puts on described signal of communication.
38. in the method that the communication system that is used for having first communication station and second communication station communicates, described first communication station is used for transmitting signal of communication to described second communication station, in the first weighting element of described first communication station, described signal of communication is weighted according to first antenna power, and in the second weighting element of described first communication station, adopt at least the second antenna power that described signal of communication is weighted at least, a kind of improvement of method of the situation that is used to help to optimize respectively described first and at least the second antenna power, described method comprises:
At least the first selected perturbation vector that selection is made up of the perturbation value;
The described perturbation value of forming the described at least the first selected perturbation vector is applied to the described first and at least the second antenna weighting element, and the described perturbation that is applied to the described first and at least the second weighting element is worth to small part and has determined described first and at least the second antenna to weigh; And
After described signal of communication is weighted by described first and the second antenna power at least, send to described second communication station.
39. method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that also comprising following operation:
Detection sends to the described signal of communication of described second communication signal;
Determine the mark relevant with described signal of communication; And
Response is carried out in described definite operation determines and feedback flag is returned to described first communication station.
40. method as claimed in claim 39, it is characterized in that, describedly apply operation and be included in the first selected time cycle in first mode and apply the described at least the first perturbation vector, and apply the described at least the first perturbation vector in second mode in the second selected time cycle, and described definite operation comprises and detects poor in the described first selected time cycle and between the described signal of communication that detects in the described second selected time cycle.
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