CN1651607B - 制造耐腐蚀装饰涂层的方法和用于金属基底的涂层*** - Google Patents
制造耐腐蚀装饰涂层的方法和用于金属基底的涂层*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制造耐腐蚀装饰涂层的方法及用于金属基底的涂层***，优选轻金属。为了实现这种制造涂层的方法及提供用于金属基底的涂层***，以便可产生装饰的耐腐蚀的、可高负荷的表面，推荐在基底上加上如下的层结构：-粘着层(例如铬化处理)，-漆层，-金属或金属合金的物理气化沉积涂层，-涂覆一种铬层***(5)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造耐腐蚀装饰涂层的方法及用于金属基底的涂层***，优选轻金属。
背景技术
已知由钢或者轻金属合金制成的车轮具有电镀层，例如铜-铬-镍。
电镀过程中，尤其是钢制车轮时，电镀过程的电解液粘着在碗状轮辋底部之间的接合区，尤其是浇铸的轻金属车轮时，电解液通过毛细作用粘着在孔隙中。除此之外在接合区没有完整涂层。两者都导致将来的腐蚀现象和电镀层的局部的损坏。轻金属车轮中电镀的涂层还会导致违人所愿的车轮表面的应力状态的改变，这样还影响车轮的功能和寿命。
已知的电镀过程由于必需层厚而很费材料从而导致被镀涂层的车轮的明显加重。因此由于为达到表面均衡所需的厚厚的铜层，尺寸为8J×17”的轻金属车轮平均增加1kg的重量。
DE 196 21861 A1展示了一种为铝合金汽车轮辋镀铬的方法，其中在车轮表面首先加上一层粉状-或湿漆底层。在这层基底上加上一层电铸板-ABS-塑料，然后用电镀方式镀铬。此涂层的接合边界首先导致电铸板-ABS-塑料的有限的温度稳定性，这导致车轮热负载高的区域里涂层脱落。
从DE 198 07 823 A1中已知一种制造防腐蚀涂层的方法及用于轻金属基底的层***，其中在基底上首先通过物理气化沉积(PVD)过程、化学气化沉积(CVD)过程、涂漆或阳极氧化和析出作用镀上不导电的第一涂层。然后无电流地加上第二层金属层。最后将铬层电镀上一层由镍和/或铜组成的基底和由铬组成的顶层。
发明内容
在这样的技术背景下本发明的任务是，实现一种制造涂层的方法及用于金属基底的涂层***，由此可产生装饰的耐腐蚀的、可高负荷的表面。
根据本发明的该任务根据一种在轻金属或轻金属合金制成的基底上生成高光泽成层的方法来解决，该方法具有以下步骤：
-在基底上涂覆一个粘着层，
-涂漆，
-用一种金属等离子技术在物理气化沉积方法中形成涂层，
-主要是涂覆一种电镀方法镀铬层***。
由此在基底上加上以下的涂层结构：
-粘着层(例如通过铬化处理)，
-漆层，
-金属或金属合金的物理气化沉积涂层，
-涂覆一种铬层***。
在优选方案中通过粘着层显著增加漆层的粘合性，从而显著增加耐腐蚀度。通过漆层消除结合缝隙位置及其他薄弱位置，例如填嵌，以及可以实现一个完整的涂层。对轻金属轮辋尤其有利的是，封闭了孔隙，这样就可以阻止工作液体的侵入。通常也可以保护轻金属基底不变工作液体影响，以至完全获得材料特性。
在一种优选方案中，等离子刻蚀过程来进行预处理以及改善续加涂层的粘合，或者来进行预处理以及改善同基的由氧化物或金属组成的物理气化沉积涂层。
本发明还涉及其它有利的替换方案。
在真正的涂加涂层***之前可以进行机械的表面磨光，例如拖曳磨光。此操作有利于以后更薄的续加涂层以及对车轮重量的有利影响。
粘着层优选通过铬化或磷化处理或其他有利于环境的替代方案(不含Cr6)涂加。
漆基底可以例如由EP漆组成，其在180℃至210℃下煅烧，以达到优秀的表面工艺。漆基底的表面决定了铬涂层***的表面质量。
漆基底表面优选在真空中例如通过添加化学活性的处理气体用等离子处理进行等离子技术腐蚀。在如此预处理的表面上通过等离子技术的涂层，尤其是通过物理气化沉积工艺如借助于金属-或氧化物光亮特性，镀上一层封闭的光亮涂层。此外优选应用铬。光亮涂层不同于载流层，因为它必须既不通过光又不导电。两种方法——腐蚀还有光亮涂层——都有助于优化接下来的金属中间层的粘着性，该中间层尤其是由铜材料的但也可是镍或镍合金组成。用这种方法可以在表面形成均匀的、立体的涂层，厚度可达20μm。
如此制作的导电中间层上只能加上封闭的铬涂层***。
为此优选应用常用的电镀工艺。作为第一涂层这里将镀上一层铜或半光亮镍直到层，厚度为150μm。在这层上接续镀上光亮镍、微孔镍然后镀上铬。对于微孔镍，以及铬层也称为微孔镀铬层，是指用电解的方法镀上镍层，其可含有悬浮的细微固体。这些不导电的微粒，通过鼓气悬浮于电解液中，沉淀出来。紧接着镀铬时，夹杂物不能镀上铬并在沉淀物中产生微孔。(见Metzger，W；Ott，R：Galvanotechnik61(1970)，S，998 ff.)
或者在中间涂层上也可以用电镀方法镀上铜、半光亮镍或其化合物组成的涂层。其它可电镀产生的层也可以。但最后的一层电镀涂层必须是微孔的镍层，在其上用物理气化沉积方法加上一层封闭的铬涂层。这样的结构可以提高耐腐蚀性能，没有覆盖漆层也完全可靠。
本发明借助于附图所展现的实施例进一步说明。
一个铝-基体，即这里的轮辋1，去毛边之后首先将通过拖曳磨光进行预处理。将轮辋与磨具一起浸入贮水池中移动来进行拖曳磨光。通过拖曳磨光可以得到平整的，然而并非抛光的表面。
为了建立层结构要首先加上一层铬酸盐涂层2作为粘着层。在铬酸盐涂层2上是一个底漆层3，例如EP-漆，其厚度为50至60μm，在180℃-210℃下被煅烧。底漆层3必要时也可以补充上又一层漆层4，尤其是在修整底漆层3时，如磨光气泡或夹杂物，是必要的。
轮辋1由于漆层3、4而不再导电，而且被防止其与水的接触。
为了准备涂加铬涂层***5，在轮辋1的即将镀涂层的表面上进行腐蚀。为此将轮辋1在真空箱(没有示出)中添加有化学活性处理气体下用等离子处理。为了进一步优化粘着性接下来通过等离子工艺涂层方法(例如利用物理气化沉积-或化学气化沉积-工艺)加上一层由铬组成的金属光泽涂层6。金属光泽涂层厚度为5至20nm。
又一层的等离子工艺涂层后通过物理方法加上一层铜层7，厚度为约0.3μm，来形成用于接下来的电镀工艺的导电的中间层。
在如此处理过的基础上就可以通过常见的方法加上铬涂层***5。在电镀方法形成的厚度为25μm的铜层8上同样电镀上一层镍层9。又一镍层10是微孔的并具有夹杂物11，夹杂物是在电镀过程中以悬浮固体物质形式埋入镍沉淀物中而且不导电。两层镍层9、10的总厚度为15μm。封闭的铬层12具有厚度0.3至0.5μm，并封闭了铬涂层***5。不用电镀方法镀上铬层12，也可以由物理气化沉积工艺加上铬层12。
附图标记列表
1 轮辋
2 铬酸盐涂层
3 底漆层
4 另一漆层
5 铬涂层***
6 由铬组成的金属光泽层
7 等离子刻蚀方法镀上的铜层
8 电镀方法镀上的铜层
9 镍层
10 镍层，微孔的
11 夹杂物
12 铬层
Claims (14)
1.一种在轻金属或轻金属合金制成的基底(1)上生成高光泽层的方法，具有以下步骤：
-在基底(1)上涂覆一个粘着层(2)，
-涂漆(3、4)，
-用一种金属在物理气化沉积方法中形成涂层(6)，
-涂覆一种铬层***(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过表面的机械磨光预处理基底(1)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述表面的机械磨光通过拖曳磨光来实现。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，粘着层(2)的涂覆是铬化或磷化处理。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在物理气化沉积方法中的涂覆之前以等离子技术开始腐蚀漆层(3、4)，并且在物理气化沉积方法(6)中的涂层之后，涂覆一层由金属或者金属合金组成的封闭的中间层(7)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铬层***(5)的涂覆由以下步骤组成：
-电镀地涂覆上由铜组成的或者半光亮镍组成的或者铜及半光亮镍的化合物组成的第一涂层(8)，
-电镀地涂覆上至少一个由光亮镍组成的涂层(9)，以及
-电镀地涂覆上一层由铬组成的涂层(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在涂覆所述由光亮镍组成的涂层(9)之后并在涂覆由铬组成的涂层(12)之前涂覆一个微孔镍层(10)。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铬层***(5)的涂覆由以下步骤组成：
-电镀地涂覆上由铜组成的或者由半光亮镍组成的或者由铜及半光亮镍的化合物组成的第一涂层(8)，
-电镀地涂覆上一层微孔的由镍组成的第二涂层(10)，以及
-一层由铬组成的物理气化沉积涂层(12)。
9.涂层***，由以下组成：
-由轻金属或轻金属合金组成的一个基底(1)，
-一个粘着层(2)，
-一个漆底层(3)，
-在物理气化沉积方法中涂覆上的金属的中间层(6)，
-涂覆上的铬层***(5)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的涂层***，其特征在于，粘着层(2)由铬酸盐或磷酸盐组成。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的涂层***，其特征在于，金属的中间层(6)由一种金属所组成，在中间层(6)与铬层***(5)之间设有由铜组成的或者由镍组成的或者由铜及镍的合金组成的另一个中间层(7)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的涂层***，其特征在于，电镀的铬层***(5)由以下组成：
-由铜组成的或者由半光亮镍组成的或者由铜及半光亮镍的化合物组成的第一涂层(8)，
-至少一个由光亮镍组成的涂层(9)或一个微孔镍层(10)，以及
-由铬组成的涂层(12)。
13.根据权利要求11所述的涂层***，其特征在于，铬层***(5)由以下组成：
-电镀地涂覆上的由铜组成的或者由半光亮镍组成的或者由铜及半光亮镍的化合物组成的第一涂层(8)，
-电镀地涂覆上的由镍组成的微孔的第二涂层(10)，以及
-通过物理气化沉积工艺涂覆上的由铬组成的涂层(12)。
14.根据权利要求11所述的涂层***，其特征在于，所述金属是铬。
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| US9662712B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2017-05-30 | Nanomech, Inc. | Adherent coating on carbide and ceramic substrates |
| RU2486276C1 (ru) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-06-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Ассоциация Полиплазма" (ООО "Ассоциация Полиплазма") | Способ формирования защитно-декоративного покрытия на металлической поверхности |
| WO2013180443A1 (ko) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-05 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 구리층을 갖는 철계부스바 및 그 제조방법 |
| CN106660319A (zh) * | 2014-04-08 | 2017-05-10 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 制作用于轻金属工件的增强表面涂层的方法 |
| WO2015154214A1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of making corrosion resistant and glossy appearance coating for light metal workpiece |
| CN104975292B (zh) | 2014-04-08 | 2018-08-17 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 制造用于轻金属工件的抗腐蚀且有光泽的外观涂层的方法 |
| WO2016077345A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-19 | Superior Industries International, Inc. | Method of coating alloy wheels |
| EP3722456A1 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2020-10-14 | Superior Industries International, Inc. | Method of coating a cast alloy wheel providing a two-tone appearance |
| DE102017129434A1 (de) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-13 | Beata Kucharska | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Kfz-Felgen |
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| AU2005200519A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
| JP4495609B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
| EP1561843A2 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
| KR20060041678A (ko) | 2006-05-12 |
| CN1651607A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
| EP1561843A3 (de) | 2008-09-10 |
| DE102004006127A1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| NO20050627D0 (no) | 2005-02-04 |
| US20050175785A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| NO20050627L (no) | 2005-08-08 |
| JP2005220442A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
| US7235167B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
| KR101180502B1 (ko) | 2012-09-06 |
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