CN1639461A - 风力发电用的风车 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
- F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
- F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
提供改善了升力型的垂直轴型风车的叶片,即便在起动时或在低风速区域内,也可以高效地转动风车的高效率的风力发电用的风车。在一种在与垂直旋转轴正交的面内、以该旋转轴为中心以一定角度间隔地与旋转轴平行地设置有多个叶片的风力发电用的风车中,所述叶片,是在低雷诺数下具有高升力系数的翼型,在该翼下面的后缘部形成有切缺部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在风力发电中所使用的风车的叶片形状的改良。
背景技术
一般地,对于风力发电用的风车,已知有以荷兰型风车为代表的旋转轴相对于风成水平的水平轴型风车和旋转轴相对于风成垂直的垂直轴型风车。
其中,对于垂直轴型风车,已知有像浆叶型与萨伏纽斯型等那样用在叶片上产生的阻力来转动风车的阻力型、和像达里厄斯型与陀螺仪型(ジヤイロミル型)等那样用在叶片上产生的抬升力来转动风车的升力型。即,前者是将面向顶风方向的叶片的阻力减小,利用阻力差来使风车旋转的,与之相对,后者是利用在叶片上产生的升力来使风车旋转的(例如,参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:特开昭54-153944号公报
发明内容
可是,在垂直轴型的前者(阻力型)的情况下,当周速比(叶片的翼端速度/风速)为1时,就不会产生使风车更快地转动的力矩,因而就存在有虽然风速上升,但也不能得到超过风速的转速,发电效率低这样的问题。另一方面,在后者(升力型)的情况下,虽然周速比在1以上时,风车的空气动力特性变好,能够使风车高效地转动,但当周速比在1以下时,风车的空气动力特性变差,转动风车的力矩变小。另外,还有起动力矩小,从停止状态起动变得非常困难的缺点。
因此,作为改良叶片形状提高发电效率的方案,已知有例如专利文献2等。在该公报中,公开了水平轴型的螺旋桨型(升力型)的风车,如图7所示,公开了如下的结构,在与旋转轴51正交的面内从旋转轴51经由转子52以一定角度间隔设有风车叶片53,与此同时,在各风车叶片53内,分别具有向前端进退自如地内置的辅助叶片54;在低风速区域内,使辅助叶片54沿着图7箭头方向,从风车叶片53内的双点划线位置向图7上方突出,增加升力从而使旋转力矩增大。
可是,该风车是水平轴型的风车,即便发电效率提高了,但零件个数增加,因而就存在成本变高的问题。因此,尽管得到了同样的发电能力,但却存在有装置的成本上升这一缺点。
专利文献2:特开2001-132615号公报
附带说一下,在专利文献1中,如图8所示,公开了一种在车轴61上安装翼固定板62,在该翼固定板62之间,相对于车轴61以迎角0度安装有弯曲的翼(叶片)63的垂直轴型风车。但是,在该专利文献1中,只展示了翼(叶片)63是弯曲的一例,对于具体的翼(叶片)63的构造并没有任何公开。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种改善了垂直轴型风车的叶片形状,使得可在大范围的风速区域内,高发电效率地转动风车,发电效率高的风力发电用的风车。
本发明的上述目的,是通过如下方式达成的,即,在一种在与垂直旋转轴正交的面内、以该旋转轴为中心以一定角度间隔地与旋转轴平行地设置有多个叶片的风力发电用的风车中,所述叶片,是雷诺数低且具有高升力系数的翼型,且是将该翼下面的后缘部切除而被形成的。
另外,上述目的是通过使所述雷诺数在30,000~3,000,000的范围内而被有效地达成的。
另外,上述目的是通过使所述升力系数在1.0~1.4的范围内而被有效地达成的。
进而,上述目的是通过将切缺部形成在从相对翼弦长距离前缘35%~45%的位置直至后缘的位置上而被更为有效地达成的。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的风车的外观的立体图。
图2是说明从上方看图1的风车所看到的叶片的配置的图。
图3是图1所示的叶片的立体图。
图4是表示在所述叶片上安装支撑支柱的构造的图。
图5是说明所述叶片周围的压力分布的图。
图6是说明所述叶片的旋转动作的图。
图7是说明以往的螺旋桨型的叶片构造的图。
图8是以往的垂直轴型风车的立体图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,说明本发明的实施形态。
图1表示了本发明的实施例的风力发电用的风车A的外观。该风车A是垂直轴型风车,可利用因风力而产生的风车的旋转力来发电。在该风车A中,如图1以及图2所示,在与沿着垂直方向延伸的旋转轴1正交的面内,沿着相同半径的圆周方向,与旋转轴平行地配置有由铝合金或塑料(包括玻璃钢(FRP))等构成的4片翼型的叶片2、2…。该叶片2的外皮,如图3所示,通过将1片结构的由铝合金或塑料(包括玻璃钢(FRP))等材料构成的薄板状的原材料弯曲而被形成为流线形的翼型。
另外,在叶片2内,如图3以及图4所示,嵌插有剖面大体呈コ字状的支撑横梁3,该支撑横梁3,在叶片2的上下面上分别通过铆钉或粘接剂而被安装,从而可以防止旋转时的叶片2的变形。在该支撑横梁3上,安装有支柱支撑配件4,由该支柱支撑配件4,可固定从旋转轴1呈放射状地延伸的支撑支柱5的端部。其结果是,叶片2的旋转便可经由支撑支柱5而被传递给旋转轴1。
并且,该叶片2被形成为以4字系翼型、RAF翼型、开口回流式(哥亭根式)翼型等为代表的在飞机上所使用的流线形的翼型,在翼下面的后缘部上形成有切缺部B。该翼下面,根据翼的空气动力特性,从距离前缘a为35%~45%间的位置直至后缘b都被切除。其结果,叶片2被形成为雷诺数低、升力系数高那样的翼型。另外,对于与叶片2相对的风向(图4箭头方向),如图4所示,叶片2的翼弦c被以0度~5度的角度安装。
另外,在叶片2的周围,相对于来自于前方(图5箭头方向)的风形成了如图5所示那样的压力分布。即,叶片2所使用的翼型的压力分布,是在翼下面的前部分布有比外气压高的压力,在后部则是与外气压基本相同的压力,在上面,由于流速因前端的翼形状而被加速,因此压力变小。因此,虽然在叶片2的下面的后部设置了切缺部B,但对翼的空气动力特性的影响较小。
因此,叶片2,如图6所示,当受到了来自于前方(该图A1箭头方向)的风时,在该图L箭头方向上便发生升力。因此,风车通过在该叶片2上产生的升力的旋转方向分力(L1),向逆时针方向旋转。
另外,如起动时那样在低风速区域内,当叶片2从后方(该图A2箭头方向)受到风吹而旋转时,通过叶片2的翼下面的切缺部B,会在叶片2上产生较大的空气阻力。由此,便会出现萨伏纽斯型风车效果,即,通过空气阻力在叶片2上产生旋转力矩,从而产生风车的起动力矩。
其结果是,由于在叶片2上在翼下面形成有切缺部B,所以相对于来自图6的A2箭头方向的风,在周速比为1以下的低风速区域内,可通过空气阻力产生旋转力矩,其再加上在受到了来自于图6的A1箭头方向的风吹动的叶片2上产生的升力的旋转方向分力(L1)而旋转;在周速比为1以上的高风速区域内,可通过在叶片2上产生的升力而旋转。即,由于叶片2是以低雷诺数、高升力系数那样的翼型被形成的,所以不管在什么样的风速下,都可以使叶片2旋转,可以高效地发电。
另外,由于叶片2利用的是铝合金等轻量的部件,因此叶片2整体的重量变小,因在叶片2上产生的离心力而产生的负荷减少了。
因而,在上述实施例中,虽然在叶片2的翼下面的后缘部上形成有切缺部B,但由于使用了雷诺数低、具有高升力系数的翼型,所以在叶片2上,可通过风产生空气阻力和升力,通过这些力使叶片2旋转。因此,不管在什么样的风向以及风速下,都可以对叶片2产生发电所必需的旋转力矩。其结果是,能够跨越大范围的风速区域地使叶片2旋转。
另外,在该风车A上,由于在旋转轴1的周围配置了4片叶片2,对于来自于所有方向的风都能够高效地使叶片2旋转,因此与风向无关,在所有的风向下都可以发电。
另外,叶片2是由支撑支柱5在上下2点进行支撑的结构,在容易获得风车整体的轻量化的同时,还可以获得简洁的结构。因此,不仅可以作为一般家庭用或大厦用,而且还可以设在被设置在海上的浮标等上。
再者,在上述实施例中,在垂直轴型风车上配置了4片叶片2,但不限于此,还可以使用多片叶片,也可以起到与上述实施例同样的作用以及效果。
另外,在叶片2上,还可以在两个前端安装用于减少空气阻力的前端盖,或根据必要安装用于减少叶片2的诱导阻力的小翼(ウイングレツト)。
产业上的可利用性
如以上所说,如果是本发明的风力发电用的风车,则在与垂直旋转轴正交的面内,以该旋转轴为中心以一定角度间隔地设置多个叶片的风力发电用的风车上,叶片,是以成为一种雷诺数低且具有高升力系数的流线形的翼型的方式,将该翼下面的后缘部切除而被形成的。即,由于利用风的分力通过空气阻力和升力来转动叶片,所以不管什么样的风速以及风向的风,特别是,即便在起动时或风弱的低速风区域内,通过有效地使阻力型风车的特性和升力型风车的特性组合,就可以使叶片、即风车高发电效率地旋转。另外,在垂直轴型风车上,由于只在翼下面的一部分上设置了切缺部,所以结构简单并且紧凑,可以低价并较容易地制造小型或中型的风车,可以用于设置在海上的浮标、家庭用的发电机等广范围的利用形态。
Claims (4)
1.一种风力发电用的风车,它是在与垂直旋转轴正交的面内,以该旋转轴为中心以一定角度间隔地设有多个叶片的风力发电用的风车,其特征在于,所述叶片为雷诺数低且具有高升力系数的翼型,在该翼下面的后缘部形成有切缺部。
2.如权利要求1所述的风力发电用的风车,其中所述雷诺数在30,000~3,000,000的范围内。
3.如权利要求1所述的风力发电用的风车,其中所述升力系数在1.0~1.4的范围内。
4.如权利要求1所述的风力发电用的风车,其中所述切缺部被形成于从相对翼弦长距前缘35%~45%的位置直至后缘的位置。
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JP275032/2002 | 2002-09-20 | ||
JP2002275032A JP3451085B1 (ja) | 2002-09-20 | 2002-09-20 | 風力発電用の風車 |
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CN100347440C CN100347440C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
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US (1) | US7084523B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1541865A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3451085B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100637297B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100347440C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003264532A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2479165C (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1080535B (zh) |
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CN102400854A (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-04-04 | 浙江大学 | 垂直轴风力发电机 |
CN102588209A (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 北京石光龙腾风力科技发展有限公司 | 垂直轴风叶 |
CN101622448B (zh) * | 2007-02-20 | 2012-08-22 | 野口常夫 | 垂直轴型风车 |
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JP4514502B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-07-28 | 日軽金アクト株式会社 | 風力発電用風車 |
DE102004053498A1 (de) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Baumann, Karl, Dr. | Rotorflügel für Windkraftmaschinen |
KR100492628B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-30 | 2005-06-03 | (주)엔돌핀에프앤비 | 기능성 옥수수 수염차 및 그 제조방법 |
EP1907693A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2008-04-09 | Cleanfield Energy Corp. | Power generating system including modular wind turbine-generator assembly |
US7287954B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-10-30 | California Energy & Power | Omni directional baffled wind energy power converter apparatus and method |
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Cited By (6)
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CN101622448B (zh) * | 2007-02-20 | 2012-08-22 | 野口常夫 | 垂直轴型风车 |
CN101918707B (zh) * | 2008-02-08 | 2013-01-16 | 安纽研究院 | 具有垂直转轴的风力涡轮转子 |
CN102099571A (zh) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-06-15 | 西格纳斯电力有限公司 | 立轴式大流士风车 |
CN102400854A (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-04-04 | 浙江大学 | 垂直轴风力发电机 |
CN102588209A (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 北京石光龙腾风力科技发展有限公司 | 垂直轴风叶 |
CN102588209B (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2014-03-19 | 北京石光龙腾风力科技发展有限公司 | 垂直轴风叶 |
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AU2003264532A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
TWI231840B (en) | 2005-05-01 |
US7084523B2 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
TW200406542A (en) | 2004-05-01 |
KR100637297B1 (ko) | 2006-10-23 |
HK1080535B (zh) | 2008-02-01 |
CA2479165A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
CN100347440C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
CA2479165C (en) | 2009-12-15 |
WO2004027259A1 (ja) | 2004-04-01 |
EP1541865A4 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1541865A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
JP2004108330A (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
US20050099013A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
JP3451085B1 (ja) | 2003-09-29 |
HK1080535A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
KR20050046655A (ko) | 2005-05-18 |
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